while customers, employees, and a new generation of young people are asking business to step up
which supports employment, wages purchases, investments, and taxes. Conducting business as usual is sufficient social benefit.
which rising earnings have done little to offset high unemployment, local business distress, and severe pressures on
The best companies once took on a broad range of roles in meeting the needs of workers
As capitalism begins to work in poorer communities new opportunities for economic development and social progress increase exponentially
use, health and safety, working conditions, and equal treatment in the workplace. Opportunities to create shared value arise
because societal problems can create economic costs in the firm†s value chain. Many so-called externalities actually inflict
performance, and employee retention and capability The Connection Between Competitive Advantage and Social Issues There are numerous ways in
Society benefits because employees and their families Page 5 of 13creating Shared Value-Harvard Business Review
and the firm minimizes employee absences and lost productivity. The graphic below depicts some areas
Efforts in these and other areas are still works in process, whose implications will be felt for years to come
Employee productivity The focus on holding down wage levels, reducing benefits, and offshoring is beginning to give way to an awareness of the
and opportunities for advancement for employees have on productivity. Many companies, for example, traditionally sought to minimize the cost of â€oeexpensive†employee health care
coverage or even eliminate health coverage altogether. Today leading companies have learned that because of lost workdays
and diminished employee productivity, poor health costs them more than health benefits do. Take Johnson & johnson. By
helping employees stop smoking (a two-thirds reduction in the past 15 years) and implementing numerous other wellness
these kinds of employee approaches would spread even faster Location Business thinking has embraced the myth that location no longer matters,
traditionally shipped its nuts from Africa to Asia for processing at facilities staffed by productive Asian workers.
and training workers in Tanzania, Mozambique, Nigeria, and CÃ'te d†Ivoire, Olam has cut processing
And it has provided direct employment to 17,000 people†95%of whom are women†and indirect employment to an equal number of people, in rural areas where jobs otherwise were not available
These trends may well lead companies to remake their value chains by moving some activities closer to home and having
racial discrimination reduces the pool of capable employees. Poverty limits the demand for products and leads to
environmental degradation, unhealthy workers, and high security costs. As companies have increasingly become disconnected from their communities,
In inefficient or monopolized markets where workers are exploited, where suppliers do not receive fair prices, and where price
Workforce development initiatives, for example, increase the supply of skilled employees for many other firms as well
from both the private sector and local government, has experienced huge growth in employment, incomes, and company
Root Capital regularly works with corporations, utilizing future purchase orders as collateral for its loans to farmers and helping to strengthen corporate supply chains
employees Creating shared value will require concrete and tailored metrics for each business unit in each of the three areas.
the wrong kind works against it and even makes trade-offs between economic and social goals inevitable.
whether they benefit society or work against it Page 11 of 13creating Shared Value-Harvard Business Review
to customers, suppliers, and workers The next Evolution in Capitalism Shared value holds the key to unlocking the next wave of business innovation and growth.
employees and citizens and the increased scarcity of natural resources, will drive unprecedented opportunities to create shared
allow democracy to work as governments set policies that fostered and supported business. Survival of the fittest would still
the budget, the human resources available at project level, the preexisting technological and non-technological elements the projects builds on, etc
example, a project can select impact on employment and impact on information as relevant and exclude impact on education and human capital because its
panels of individual experts (annual reviews. There will also be an impact assessment in January 2014, a report for the use of European stakeholders, including citizens.
publication in a few intense days of work I trust that you will find this book as refreshing,
How to cite this work Arniani, M.,Badii, A.,De Liddo, A.,Georgi, S.,Passani, A.,Piccolo, L. S g,
Commission under the FP7-ICT Work Programme 2013. Project number: 323988 http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu
CAPS2020 is funded by the European commission under the FP7-ICT Work Programme 2013. Project number: 611973
leading Open University†s work in the European Project CATALYST, and the EPSRC€ s EDV project,
that filtering now works on the basis of marketing strategies and through invisible technologies, as it segregates internet users into small-scale groups
the institutional and working conditions of potential users which might influence the time available for participation;
Participation in work-related communities such as Linkedin groups and other professional networks can trigger different motivations.
collectives work, from sharing social norms to producing the technology they use, from colla -boration to competition, is the subject of much research
different disciplines who divide their work by exploring specific disciplinary topics without crossing their disciplinary boundaries
Experimentation (FIRE) of the 2013 Work Programme. Finally, CAPS are an important topic for internet science, a research domain dedicated to the understanding of techno
growth and employment, environment, climate change health and education, inclusive societies, well-being, etc Making a project to tackle societal needs implies framing the needs
†LUNARIA, SOCIAL PROMOTION ASSOCIATION-Rome, Italy †MAPPINGFORCHANGE-London, UK †MODUL UNIVERISTY VIENNA-Vienna, Austria
†PNO CONSULTANTS LIMITED-Cheadle Hulme, UK †POLIBIENESTAR, UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA-Valencia, Spain †PURPOSE EUROPE-London, UK
forms of collaborative production, mainly in the domain of knowledge work, have emerged Yochai Benkler (2006) defined such modes of production as commons-based peer
The way Assembl works allows large numbers of people to discuss and debate in a manner that elevates the intelligence of the group.
networks of citizen experts around client's needs 16. Elgg http://elgg. org Elgg is an award-winning social networking engine
and experts that come together around the joint commitment of enabling more sustainable lifestyles 20. GNUNET https://gnunet. org GNUNET is a framework for secure peer-to-peer
groups, require promotion to start the raising awareness process. Making sense of the issue is a preliminary requirement for people developing an interest in, and motivation
collaborative work, public and even tangible feedback are examples of strategies that have been evaluated to promote engagement
who were not able to contribute to this book sprint will provide their expert views in the
Work. pp. 107-114 Eden, C. 1999)' Using Cognitive Mapping for Strategic Options Development and
Cooperative Work 21. pp. 417-448 73 Liu, K. 2000) Semiotics in Information systems Engineering. Cambridge university Press
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attributionnoncommercial-Sharealike 4. 0 International License Principal investigator and main author
and works through a combination of research, investments networks, grant funding and practical support to innovators
Senior Expert (Advisor) Digital Social Innovation 4 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
One example of the potential in mobilising citizens to create collective knowledge is done the work by Cancer Research UK
for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme As shown in this research, Europe has pioneered a reasonably comprehensive set of
challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has iden -tified, mapped and engaged communities that are constructing the emerging Digital
under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme and in particular, but not limited to the Collective Awareness Platforms
Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration, Science
economies work †for example, valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data. In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting
-work where bgiegie owners could share the data they were collecting. Safecast then worked with hackerspaces and used
and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the public domain, such as Communia. These activities are favouring a
The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing and advocating for Open
Standards, the P2p foundation, that works on promoting peer-to-peer practices, and the Iot Council, promoting an open
The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures, and the Waag society in Amsterdam, working on setting up and hosting
-works, and open hardware Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop
sensor net works, free interoperable network services, open Wifi bottom-up-broadband, distribut ed social networks, p2p infrastructures
-works that incorporate a wide variety of wired and wireless links, nodes, routing, applica -tions and users.
The work by Tor on creating secure, privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users†and websites†traffic
accountability and transparency by supporting journalists and other experts to access information and report key stories
examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,
as is the work by the social innovation research project COMMUNIA. The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public domain is an international association
open research works, is FLOK Society in Ecuador 45growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware
OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL
Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation
OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL
Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation
strategy of case study interviews, work -shops and events relevant to these com -munities, we have identified DSI actors as
-works in more depth than disconnected social networks. However, it is a large sample and thus worth exploring in de
-works and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam and Fab Lab Barcelona.
-works and new ways of making. The col -laborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest †but
work together would strengthen the over -all resilience of DSI in Europe by com -bining open hardware, open data, open
-ing unemployment will require innovative solutions that challenge traditional ways of doing things To provide a synthetic overview, we cat
The work -shop brought together over 70 DSI prac -titioners, researchers, experts, and poliy makers from different European coun
-tries, as it was very important for the DSI research projectâ to facilitate this kind of
first won†t work. But it†s only through the process of constant idea creation that you
As outcome of the DSI policy work shop we have designed a Bottom-up Policy Toolkit for practicioners and policy mak
employees etc What they were trying to achieve with their service, including any evidence they have
their work What the biggest barriers were that they faced and how to address them (through
It is important that you leave at least half of the time for participants to ask questions
what works (and what doesn†t). Finally it†s important to acknowledge that policy may not be able to solve some problems
new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
-ticular public institutions and work done with public money †should be open and transparent
of creators (to control their work and to be able to make a living from their creativity) and the interests of society (access to
networks and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces
-ment policy experts Engaging citizens and nonprofits to find new ideas These labs focus on opening up government to voices and ideas from outside the sys
of the Singaporean Civil service, PS21 has created systemic interventions such the Staff Suggestion Scheme that creates an opportunity for any public officer to directly submit
key stakeholders, such as domain experts and possible purchasers of the service to establish what social challenges need to be addressed and how
•Observing potential users to see if the product works in their context •Quantitative responses to the idea, for example survey potential users to test
tools digital social innovations can apply to capture the impact of their work, from user
The work done by Wikiprogress is exploring new digital tools for including people in relation to what should be measured through the development of indicators, as well
statistical sources for measuring input (such as firm level micro data, R&d statistics, labour force survey), which could evolve
the rest of the EU. Identify specific social challenges (such as health, employment, urban regeneration and care) facing countries
Gohar Sargsyan Adviser and founding member, OISPG; Consultant Logica Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation
Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge Markkula Markku Committee of the Regions, Rapporteur Europe 2020
beautiful design work Thank you to the projects Advisory Group who have been generous in sharing their own experience from working with
We would also like to thank the experts from around Europe who attended our DSI policy workshop in Brussels on
numerous experts in the Europe and internationally, some of them are researchers or commentators, others are
8. Workplace innovation 44 9. Regional strategies 46 Part 3: Guidance on programming social innovation in the Structural Funds
percentage as well as in creating employment, whereas other industries are decreasing. In the long term, an innovation in social services or education will be as important as an
This guide was prepared by DG Regional and Urban Policy and DG Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion, with inputs by various other Directorates General (DG Enterprise and Industry;
expert and practitioner It was commissioned by DG Regional and Urban Policy (European commission) under the supervision
with DG Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion, in particular with Olivier Rouland, Head of Unit and Diane Angermueller and Gabor TÃ th, policy analysts
There is, of course, a link with the current crisis and the severe employment and social consequences
means we need to have a fresh look at social, health and employment policies, but also at education
Initiative, the Employment and Social Investment packages, the Digital Agenda, the new industrial policy, the Innovation Partnership for Active and Healthy Ageing, and Cohesion Policy
Responsible for Employment, Social affairs & Inclusion Foreword 6 1. What is Social Innovation Social innovation can be defined as the development and implementation of new ideas (products
or where experts arrive at solutions by linear analysis. Social innovation practices tend to be looser,
placement, product promotion or pricing;(iv) Organisational Innovation: This involves introducing a new organisational method in a firm†s
business practices, workplace organisation or external relations 7http://hbr. org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value (Porter, Kramer,
experts in social issues. They work intensively on developing a single idea over a 48-hour period.
ï Employment: 75%of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed ï R&d/innovation: 3%of the EU's GDP (public and private combined) to be invested in
Ratio of retirees to workers in Europe will double to 54%by 2050 IMF); ) Only 49%of men between the ages of 55 to 65 work (OECD
Environmental Trends: Water, climate change and energy •20%of surface water is at serious risk from pollution;
) Resolving labour shortages (42%)and enhancing reputation and standing in the community (38 %•150 million Europeans †some 30%-have used never the internet.
Union Flagship18), the calls for proposals of the PROGRESS programme of DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 19, the Regiostars awards20 by DG Regional Policy with a specific category on
ï A shift from managing human resources to building innovation capacity at all levels of government ï A shift from running tasks and projects to orchestrating processes of co-creation,
welfare systems with active labour market policy, or linking health and long term care, illustrate just how difficult it is to reform these systems,
involving workers, customers and stakeholders affected by its business activity. †23 Basically, this covers enterprises for which the social or societal objective of the common good is the reason for
recognised social enterprises focusing on work inclusion ï Finally, there are frequent confusions between the terms social enterprise and social economy
approach works best There is also a need for more practical metrics to inform selection, monitoring and evaluation
investment and social audit are explored in the report †Strengthening social innovation in Europe journey to effective assessment and metrics†from the EU Social Innovation Europe Initiative27
been applied to a large spectrum of social interventions, such as welfare-to-work programmes provision of health services, education, early child development, access to public utilities, active
cost-effective policies, helping, in the process, to build a degree of consensus on what works and
the objective of the experiment is to test if it works. Furthermore, randomised experiments are
innovative activities by ESF operational programmes, New Sources of Jobs, Territorial Employment Pacts and Regional Information Society Initiatives tested in the 1990s
improve the levels of employment, the quality of jobs, and the inclusiveness of the labour market in
the Member States and their regions. Over the period 2007-2013 some â 75 billion is being
cultural and creative quarters, outreach work to engage specific groups such as migrants and Roma and working on triple helix approaches to innovation involving universities, city administrations and
Most work in cities involves multiple agencies operating at different levels. It provides many opportunities for regional authorities to tap into to gain funds for social innovation
Managing Authorities active in INTERREG and URBACT to work with each other and other actors to find new and better economic development solutions
8. Workplace innovation 9. Regional strategies 1. Social inclusion Large sections of the European population are excluded from the benefits of economic and social
From 2008 the social enterprise I-Cane Social Technology BV continued the works of the I-Cane
This network has been set up by the Workers'Educational Association in the East midlands of the United kingdom with European Social Fund support.
solutions to their social, cultural, educational, health or labour market related problems The project organises drop in sessions in local community premises or face-to-face learning
local and regional level by project staff to identify any patterns or findings which are of interest
when considering †what works†for different target communities in digital inclusion work. To promote sustainability,
others are managed by external experts or by local organisations which are themselves the result of local initiatives
people in the EU, accounting for 6%of total employment. It covers bodies with a specific legal status
provide employment opportunities for people facing disadvantages or provide social services and/or goods and services to persons in risk of poverty or exclusion.
procurement process (e g. through the inclusion of social clauses in public works and services contracts Financial support can be delivered directly to individual companies, through social enterprise
mobilise extra funds targeted at the development of the social economy and the promotion of social
and thus help to find new answers to unmet needs in fields like employment housing, ageing, childcare, etc. 45
of large and small ERDF projects to stimulate social innovation in employment and inclusion of
helping disadvantaged people into employment. Similar examples exist in other parts of the EU. The
social enterprise Fusion 21 in the UK46 places apprentices and other workers from Merseyside†s
disadvantaged neighbourhoods and gives them a start in employment The EQUAL-funded BEST Procurement project looked at public procurement and social clauses across
France revised its public procurement rules in 2006 allowing the condition that part of the work
The types of trades comprise mason assistants, carpenters, painters, building workers pavers, green space maintenance staff, plumbers, metal workers, plasterboard, and external
cleaners The city has encouraged also the development of support structures for individuals. The †Entreprise
ï 483 beneficiaries were able to work under an employment contract of which 41 (8%)were young people, 27%were unemployed long term,
13%were on unemployment benefit (RMI and 8%people had a disability ï 345,000 hours dedicated to insertion (about 200 full time equivalent jobs), a further 92,000
hours of work for disadvantaged people were produced benefiting 266 employees ï 133 enterprises were mobilised through these works
of which 39 are in public works and 66 in building construction ï 75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and
employment social enterprise The Nantes example illustrates how public works contracts can deliver a double benefit:
the work that needs to be done, such as a road, as well as jobs for excluded people 33
It was founded in 1997 to work with local communities and was funded initially under the EU PEACE programme
In the early 2000s, Northern ireland changed from being a migrant no-go-zone to having labour
Employment agencies brought in migrants from Portugal and East Timor and, following accession to the EU in 2004, from Poland and Lithuania.
STEP now helps over 6, 000 migrants a year through individual advice on legal, health, employment
housing, social services, immigration and other issues with specialist advisers. Their work has led to improvements in the terms imposed by unscrupulous employment agencies.
They have addressed housing problems, racial harassment and registration with doctors STEP uses a rights-based model to help empower migrants in their relationships with authorities.
To meet interpretation demands, STEP started a social enterprise and now offers 250 part-time interpreters across a wide range of languages.
Bank were awarded jointly the Nobel Peace Prize for their work in developing and spreading the
fishermen to the workplace. Capitalising on their specific skills, they are employed in fisheries and other marine related activities.
and adapt the physical working conditions to make them accessible to people with disabilities. Employing injured or disabled fishermen, the Atelier
harbour work. The total Project Cost is â 89 271.43, of which the EFF Axis 4 provided â 19 994.98.1
employ around one-third of private sector employees and produce about 20%of output The EU now has a number of funds and instruments for supporting microfinance
The Kiã t Program, self employment and microcredit for Roma in Hungary Piloting Stage Kiã t aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
The microcredit programme provides assistance by lending start-up money for small businesses to generate enough revenue to service the loan
and to produce additional income for Roma families The clients receive continuous administrative, financial and business advice and assistance.
sufficient revenue from loans to pay staff, costs and cover risk, the model becomes genuinely
Obstacles to this goal include the significant worker-time invested in social and training support to clients before and after delivering loans
and the lead-time and work required to build up to the break even point of 5000 loans.
See also the proposals of the"Towards a job-rich recovery"communication and accompanying staff working papers
The cross-border project Alcotra Innovation (FR-IT) works with two e-health living lab pilot actions
society through provision of advisory services and promotion of projects promoting a sustainable economy driven by innovative entrepreneurship,
ï Mindlab66 in Denmark is a collaboration between the economic, finance and employment ministries to produce a unit inside government dedicated to public policy innovation
institute and works at European level to advance social innovation research ï Kennisland68 (Knowledgeland) is a Dutch social innovation centre that runs a wide range of
which the cars could be put together in work inclusion social enterprises by those excluded from the labour market
The Hiriko car was launched by President Barroso on 27th january 201274. He said †Hiriko is
business types of cooperation and employment opportunities with a strong social dimension Thirdly, it is an excellent illustration of the finest use that can be made of European social funds. â€
8. Workplace innovation Workplace Innovation focuses on how to improve aspects of work organisation and introduce
modern management techniques that involve workers. Workplaces with flatter hierarchies and possibility for workers to contribute are more creative and ultimately more productive and open to
addressing both social and technological challenges In The netherlands and Belgium, workplace innovation is called †Social Innovation†and has been
supported for over a decade by the Structural Funds. The approach as such is strongest in Northern
Europe, especially Scandinavia Workplace innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social economy
such as charities and foundations as well as the the public sector. Celebrated examples include Google, which allows employees to spend 20%of their time on their own projects, and IKEA which
practices stand-up round-table meetings among other innovative practices allowing employees to tackle problems as they arise with minimum management interference
The ERDF€ s business support measures can be used to finance such innovations helping both management and employees to explore more productive ways of working
Results based entrepreneurship in The netherlands Implementation stage Results Based Entrepreneurship (RBE) aims at stimulating technological and social innovation within
SMES. Advisors work with management and staff combining strategic advice with social innovation improving communication, raising personnel involvement etc.
and so stimulating technological innovation. The improved teamwork promotes a collective ambition for the company†s success
an expert to help them implement the method. The voucher covers 50%of the cost up to a
Work organisation †tram production in Bombardier Implementation stage The tram producing department of Bombardier Brugge redesigned its work organisation in the
framework of an ESF project in 2010-2011. The challenge the company intended to address was the
increased stress of team managers due to a higher complexity of the work and the inability of teams
With the redesigning of the work organisation, Bombardier aimed at reducing the stress at managerial level and increasing the efficiency at team level
the work of each production team, are taken up by individual team members. Communication processes and information flows between
been followed up by all shop floor supervisors and is going to be implemented in other production units 46
innovation linked to the social economy and/or work organisation, but also various forms of incubation, co-creation with citizens, initiatives in the health and care sector, etc. come in. 76
citizens, interviews with experts, consultation committees and talks with organisations such as trade unions and business representatives.
works Figure 1: The Navarra Moderna development tree 76 www. avise. org, http://www. arf. asso. fr/,results of the inquiry available online as from September on http://www. essenregion. org
Innobasque works at the policy level on many aspects of technological innovation but also brings in
exploring strategies to support the creation of new social firms (work integration social enterprises It is distinct from SPRI, the Regional Development Agency,
It works on a wide range of themes that are central to current and future regional policy
The Rhã'ne-Alpes Region (FR) puts employment and anticipation of change at the centre of its
they integrate workplace innovation, social dialogue and support to the social economy as key elements. 79
three of which-namely, increasing the employment rate to 75, %reducing early school leaving under 10%and poverty by 20 million people-directly concern the social domain.
efforts by Member States, civil society organisations, regions and social partners, the European Union's primary tool for achieving these targets is cohesion policy.
macroeconomic, fiscal and employment strategies have to be accompanied by clear guidance and monitoring instruments regarding social investment.
others, in workplace innovation or administrative reform, the reorganisation of long-term care, the integration of Roma people, the prevention of early school leaving
business support measures, investment into human resources and others are feasible. In case one part of the envisaged actions fall under the scope of one fund and another part under the other
development and innovation (thematic objective 1), employment (TO 8), education (TO 9), social policies (TO 10) and administrative capacity building (TO 11.
place through all investment priorities of the employment, education, social inclusion and administrative capacity building priorities or address the areas of these thematic objectives through a
conditionality sets are in place for specific investment priorities of the employment, education, social inclusion and institutional capacity building thematic objectives.
regional authorities, social partners, civil society-can influence and take part in planning programming, implementation and monitoring.
In thematic objective (8) promoting employment and supporting labour mobility, the possible support for the development of business incubators
and investment support for self employment and business creation can be very relevant for socially innovative start-ups
the development of curricula and the labour market integration of parents. Innovative actions can only be implemented effective
such as how to create employment for youth, how to integrate migration communities into economic life,
by encouraging workplace innovation 5. Investing in new financing models for each stage of the innovation process and specifically for
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