As capitalism begins to work in poorer communities new opportunities for economic development and social progress increase exponentially
use, health and safety, working conditions, and equal treatment in the workplace. Opportunities to create shared value arise
because societal problems can create economic costs in the firm†s value chain. Many so-called externalities actually inflict
Efforts in these and other areas are still works in process, whose implications will be felt for years to come
Root Capital regularly works with corporations, utilizing future purchase orders as collateral for its loans to farmers and helping to strengthen corporate supply chains
the wrong kind works against it and even makes trade-offs between economic and social goals inevitable.
whether they benefit society or work against it Page 11 of 13creating Shared Value-Harvard Business Review
allow democracy to work as governments set policies that fostered and supported business. Survival of the fittest would still
publication in a few intense days of work I trust that you will find this book as refreshing,
How to cite this work Arniani, M.,Badii, A.,De Liddo, A.,Georgi, S.,Passani, A.,Piccolo, L. S g,
Commission under the FP7-ICT Work Programme 2013. Project number: 323988 http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu
CAPS2020 is funded by the European commission under the FP7-ICT Work Programme 2013. Project number: 611973
leading Open University†s work in the European Project CATALYST, and the EPSRC€ s EDV project,
that filtering now works on the basis of marketing strategies and through invisible technologies, as it segregates internet users into small-scale groups
the institutional and working conditions of potential users which might influence the time available for participation;
Participation in work-related communities such as Linkedin groups and other professional networks can trigger different motivations.
collectives work, from sharing social norms to producing the technology they use, from colla -boration to competition, is the subject of much research
different disciplines who divide their work by exploring specific disciplinary topics without crossing their disciplinary boundaries
Experimentation (FIRE) of the 2013 Work Programme. Finally, CAPS are an important topic for internet science, a research domain dedicated to the understanding of techno
forms of collaborative production, mainly in the domain of knowledge work, have emerged Yochai Benkler (2006) defined such modes of production as commons-based peer
The way Assembl works allows large numbers of people to discuss and debate in a manner that elevates the intelligence of the group.
collaborative work, public and even tangible feedback are examples of strategies that have been evaluated to promote engagement
Work. pp. 107-114 Eden, C. 1999)' Using Cognitive Mapping for Strategic Options Development and
Cooperative Work 21. pp. 417-448 73 Liu, K. 2000) Semiotics in Information systems Engineering. Cambridge university Press
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attributionnoncommercial-Sharealike 4. 0 International License Principal investigator and main author
and works through a combination of research, investments networks, grant funding and practical support to innovators
One example of the potential in mobilising citizens to create collective knowledge is done the work by Cancer Research UK
for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme As shown in this research, Europe has pioneered a reasonably comprehensive set of
under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme and in particular, but not limited to the Collective Awareness Platforms
Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration, Science
economies work †for example, valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data. In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting
-work where bgiegie owners could share the data they were collecting. Safecast then worked with hackerspaces and used
The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing and advocating for Open
Standards, the P2p foundation, that works on promoting peer-to-peer practices, and the Iot Council, promoting an open
The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures, and the Waag society in Amsterdam, working on setting up and hosting
-works, and open hardware Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop
sensor net works, free interoperable network services, open Wifi bottom-up-broadband, distribut ed social networks, p2p infrastructures
-works that incorporate a wide variety of wired and wireless links, nodes, routing, applica -tions and users.
The work by Tor on creating secure, privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users†and websites†traffic
examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,
as is the work by the social innovation research project COMMUNIA. The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public domain is an international association
open research works, is FLOK Society in Ecuador 45growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware
OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL
Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation
OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL
Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation
strategy of case study interviews, work -shops and events relevant to these com -munities, we have identified DSI actors as
-works in more depth than disconnected social networks. However, it is a large sample and thus worth exploring in de
-works and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam and Fab Lab Barcelona.
-works and new ways of making. The col -laborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest †but
work together would strengthen the over -all resilience of DSI in Europe by com -bining open hardware, open data, open
The work -shop brought together over 70 DSI prac -titioners, researchers, experts, and poliy makers from different European coun
first won†t work. But it†s only through the process of constant idea creation that you
As outcome of the DSI policy work shop we have designed a Bottom-up Policy Toolkit for practicioners and policy mak
their work What the biggest barriers were that they faced and how to address them (through
It is important that you leave at least half of the time for participants to ask questions
what works (and what doesn†t). Finally it†s important to acknowledge that policy may not be able to solve some problems
-ticular public institutions and work done with public money †should be open and transparent
of creators (to control their work and to be able to make a living from their creativity) and the interests of society (access to
networks and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces
•Observing potential users to see if the product works in their context •Quantitative responses to the idea, for example survey potential users to test
tools digital social innovations can apply to capture the impact of their work, from user
The work done by Wikiprogress is exploring new digital tools for including people in relation to what should be measured through the development of indicators, as well
beautiful design work Thank you to the projects Advisory Group who have been generous in sharing their own experience from working with
8. Workplace innovation 44 9. Regional strategies 46 Part 3: Guidance on programming social innovation in the Structural Funds
business practices, workplace organisation or external relations 7http://hbr. org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value (Porter, Kramer,
) Only 49%of men between the ages of 55 to 65 work (OECD Environmental Trends:
recognised social enterprises focusing on work inclusion ï Finally, there are frequent confusions between the terms social enterprise and social economy
approach works best There is also a need for more practical metrics to inform selection, monitoring and evaluation
been applied to a large spectrum of social interventions, such as welfare-to-work programmes provision of health services, education, early child development, access to public utilities, active
cost-effective policies, helping, in the process, to build a degree of consensus on what works and
the objective of the experiment is to test if it works. Furthermore, randomised experiments are
cultural and creative quarters, outreach work to engage specific groups such as migrants and Roma and working on triple helix approaches to innovation involving universities, city administrations and
Most work in cities involves multiple agencies operating at different levels. It provides many opportunities for regional authorities to tap into to gain funds for social innovation
Managing Authorities active in INTERREG and URBACT to work with each other and other actors to find new and better economic development solutions
8. Workplace innovation 9. Regional strategies 1. Social inclusion Large sections of the European population are excluded from the benefits of economic and social
From 2008 the social enterprise I-Cane Social Technology BV continued the works of the I-Cane
when considering †what works†for different target communities in digital inclusion work. To promote sustainability,
procurement process (e g. through the inclusion of social clauses in public works and services contracts Financial support can be delivered directly to individual companies, through social enterprise
France revised its public procurement rules in 2006 allowing the condition that part of the work
hours of work for disadvantaged people were produced benefiting 266 employees ï 133 enterprises were mobilised through these works
of which 39 are in public works and 66 in building construction ï 75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and
employment social enterprise The Nantes example illustrates how public works contracts can deliver a double benefit:
It was founded in 1997 to work with local communities and was funded initially under the EU PEACE programme
In the early 2000s, Northern ireland changed from being a migrant no-go-zone to having labour
Their work has led to improvements in the terms imposed by unscrupulous employment agencies. They have addressed housing problems, racial harassment and registration with doctors
Bank were awarded jointly the Nobel Peace Prize for their work in developing and spreading the
fishermen to the workplace. Capitalising on their specific skills, they are employed in fisheries and other marine related activities.
and adapt the physical working conditions to make them accessible to people with disabilities. Employing injured or disabled fishermen, the Atelier
harbour work. The total Project Cost is â 89 271.43, of which the EFF Axis 4 provided â 19 994.98.1
Kiã t aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
and the lead-time and work required to build up to the break even point of 5000 loans.
The cross-border project Alcotra Innovation (FR-IT) works with two e-health living lab pilot actions
institute and works at European level to advance social innovation research ï Kennisland68 (Knowledgeland) is a Dutch social innovation centre that runs a wide range of
which the cars could be put together in work inclusion social enterprises by those excluded from the labour market
8. Workplace innovation Workplace Innovation focuses on how to improve aspects of work organisation and introduce
modern management techniques that involve workers. Workplaces with flatter hierarchies and possibility for workers to contribute are more creative and ultimately more productive and open to
addressing both social and technological challenges In The netherlands and Belgium, workplace innovation is called †Social Innovation†and has been
supported for over a decade by the Structural Funds. The approach as such is strongest in Northern
Workplace innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social economy such as charities and foundations as well as the the public sector. Celebrated examples include
Advisors work with management and staff combining strategic advice with social innovation improving communication, raising personnel involvement etc.
Work organisation †tram production in Bombardier Implementation stage The tram producing department of Bombardier Brugge redesigned its work organisation in the
framework of an ESF project in 2010-2011. The challenge the company intended to address was the
increased stress of team managers due to a higher complexity of the work and the inability of teams
With the redesigning of the work organisation, Bombardier aimed at reducing the stress at managerial level and increasing the efficiency at team level
the work of each production team, are taken up by individual team members. Communication processes and information flows between
innovation linked to the social economy and/or work organisation, but also various forms of incubation, co-creation with citizens, initiatives in the health and care sector, etc. come in. 76
works Figure 1: The Navarra Moderna development tree 76 www. avise. org, http://www. arf. asso. fr/,results of the inquiry available online as from September on http://www. essenregion. org
Innobasque works at the policy level on many aspects of technological innovation but also brings in
exploring strategies to support the creation of new social firms (work integration social enterprises It is distinct from SPRI, the Regional Development Agency,
It works on a wide range of themes that are central to current and future regional policy
they integrate workplace innovation, social dialogue and support to the social economy as key elements. 79
others, in workplace innovation or administrative reform, the reorganisation of long-term care, the integration of Roma people, the prevention of early school leaving
by encouraging workplace innovation 5. Investing in new financing models for each stage of the innovation process and specifically for
BEPA would like to thank all the participating services for their very useful work and comments, especially reflected in part II of the report, namely DG AGRI,
3. 2. 4. Workplace innovation...41 3. 2. 5. Changes in governance...42 3. 3. Specific examples of actions from the field...
3. 3. 2. 5. Workplace Innovation Network...118 3. 3. 2. 6. Multi-stakeholder platform for corporate social responsibility...
y the 2013 International Labour Organisation report2 notes that, in advanced econ -omies, the challenge is to stimulate job creation while addressing macroeconomic
World of work report 2013 3 Now for the Long term, 2013 http://www. oxfordmartin. ox. ac. uk/downloads/commission/Oxford martin now for the long term. pdf
Citizens should be aware that technical solutions do not work by themselves, therefore legal and commercial solutions have to be based on technology and integrated with the
strong labour protection and union influence, and a generous welfare state†does not 18 Senior Project Lead, Innovation Lab, EU Project Coordinator D-CENT-DSI
shall work...for a highly competitive social market economy. All this calls for a fresh look at how the
It shall work for the sustainable development of Europe based on balanced economic growth and price stability, a highly
in whatever capacity they act) have to pool their resources and work together. Often a dominant administrative culture or conflicting objectives prevent this.
catalysing places and instruments where collective work is valued and recognised (or at least not penalised. Incubators to generate the birth and growth as well as tools to
of a disruptive nature is to develop evidence of a different nature that is likely to work
and facilitate innovation in the work of the Commission Services y Enabling Innovation: to establish a network of Innovation Single Contact Points in all
the work that needs to be done, such as a road, as well as jobs for excluded people 3. 2. 2. Microfinance
France revised its public procurement rules in 2006 allowing the condition that part of the work must be delivered
•345 000 hours dedicated to insertion (about 200 full-time equivalent jobs), a further 92 000 hours of work for
•133 enterprises were mobilised through these works •75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and employment social
Kiã t aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
3. 2. 4. Workplace innovation Workplace innovation focuses on how to improve aspects of work organisation and in
-troduce modern management techniques that involve workers. Workplaces with flatter hierarchies and the possibility for workers to contribute are more creative and ultimately
more productive and open to addressing both social and technological challenges. Work -place innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social
In The netherlands and Belgium, workplace innovation is called †Social Innovation†and has been supported for over a decade by the Structural Funds.
which the cars could be put together in work inclusion social enterprises by those excluded from the labour market
Advisers work with management and staff combining strategic advice with social innovation (improving communication, raising personnel involvement, etc.
By bringing people and institutions together and work collaboratively, it will show people in Portugal how to govern in a different way
From 2008 the social enterprise I-Cane Social Technology BV continued the work of the I-Cane foundation.
/or work organisation, but it also combines various forms of incubation, co-creation with citizens, initiatives in the health and care sector
Innobasque works at the policy level on many aspects of technological innovation but also brings in the general public
It is also exploring strategies to support the creation of new social firms (work integration social enterprises
The abovementioned examples illustrate how social innovation works and succeeds in var -ious areas in different European countries.
because they balance very different arrangements for networking, paid work volunteering and civic engagement. And secondly, it is at least remarkably new to see how much the demarcation lines
effective solutions that work. This consciousness will result in highly networked mi -cro-social enterprises.
-tures and work with public, charitable, academic and profit-oriented sectors. Thus, this collaborative approach (crowdsourcing, funding, etc.
In addition, the Industrial Policy flagship initiative emphasises workplace innovation which is an integral part of the broader concept of social innovation102 and on design as
work to benchmark public sector innovation and explore with Member States wheth -er it is appropriate to bring together new learning experiences and networks for
transition from education to work and to offer concrete support and helping educa -tion and employment systems in Member States to learn from each other.
through more workplace and entrepreneurial learning experiences and more possibilities for self employment Considering the very high level of youth unemployment as a consequence of the crisis
-ity of jobs and ensure better working conditions and improve the conditions for job creation. All these elements can apply to the development of social entrepreneurship
-works, as well as social entrepreneurship As a response to the wide interest shown in the consultation process for the Single Mar
-sions for the new financing period of the ESIF (2014-20), in particular in the work of
The first multiannual work programme (2014-15) of Horizon 2020 includes social innovation in many topics.
work integration social enterprises (WISE), have a double function of providing social services to the community and of integrating low-skilled workers into the labour market
youth work. This seven-year programme will have a budget of EUR 14.7 billion. This represents a 40%increase compared to current spending levels
organisations to foster cooperation and bridge the worlds of education and work in order to tackle the skills gaps we are facing in Europe
innovation), it will support the mobility of artists, works of art and films, transnational exchanges of experience and know-how about new business models, peer-learning ac
This will, inter alia, inform the Commission†s follow-up work to the Communica -tion Unleashing the potential of Crowdfunding in the European Union141
to the development of social entrepreneurship in the EU. Its work can be followed on -line151.
agriculture and forestry that works in harmony with the environment. This objective and the general EIP conception were established in the Commission Communication
longer-term strategic work This team took an active part in the organisation of the largest Commission-led Europe
the Commission is currently organising work -ing group meetings with representatives from the cooperative sector to examine ways
to the production process of the works, services or supplies to be purchased such as the inclusion of vulnerable and disadvantaged people or the use of nontoxic
-tal externalities (including the CO2 footprint) linked to the product, service or works during its/their lifecycle
procedure-to develop an innovative product, work or service, which does not exist on the market
-thorities with regard to the procurement of works and services 3. 1. 5. 6. Increasing and including new aid categories in the revision of the General Block
results of the studies, the work of various stakeholders and the regulatory workshops †the state of EU and domestic regulatory frameworks applicable to crowdfunding, and
works y It creates greater awareness of the opportunities that social innovation can bring to develop new solutions to problems in Europe among politicians, media, investors
work with three prizes of EUR 30 000 to be awarded in May 2014184 The project was designed initially to run for two editions.
-works in order to assess, support and scale up social innovations all around Europe For the purposes of this action, incubators include any organisation that acts as an
SIE has played a key role in highlighting their work and articulating their impact. The platform does this through a searchable database,
3. 3. 2. 5. Workplace Innovation Network Workplace innovation is a change in structure, human resources management, inter
-nal decision-making, relationships with clients or suppliers or work environment. It is a constant, reflexive process, grounded in continuing thinking,
learning and improve -ments, and involving employees and managers at all levels. Those innovations aim at
improving staff motivation and working conditions, thereby enhancing labour productiv -ity, organisational performance, innovation capability, reactivity to market changes and
Workplace innovation can be found in all types of organisation, be they large corporates, SMES or even public administrations
The European commission has made workplace innovation a priority and therefore es -tablished the European Workplace Innovation Network (EUWIN) in April 2013.
EUWIN is a vehicle for sharing and distributing workplace innovation knowledge, experience and learning resources amongst enterprises and other stakeholders.
It is also a practical source of information about why and how to implement workplace innovation in an
organisation 3. 3. 2. 6. Multi-stakeholder platform for corporate social responsibility In October 2011 the European commission published a Communication on Corporate
-ple in education, work and society and advocates a cross-sector approach across eight fields of actions:
Youth work and non-formal learning play an important role in social innovation, particularly by offering alternative ways of learning
of youth work in the EU195 The expert group on Creative Partnerships under the Open Method of Coordination
received its mandate by the Council through the 2011-14 Work Plan for Culture. The
organise them, the Commission works closely with its representations in the Member States. Outreach to participants also happens through social media, the Europe Direct
integrating critical analysis of current and previous work with future-oriented methodologies, new actionable knowledge and continual stakeholder participation
FP7, 2013 work programme. Through 7p7 research, the environment theme has also demonstrated an interest in including social innovation in its agenda, especially in con
in their work and for their work) and accelerate the pace and quality of ICT-enabled
type of work is supported also by the CIVITAS programme. In the past decade, this EU co-funded programme has managed to test over 800 measures and urban transport
identified 15 key development areas for further work, which were followed up by the people who raised them
fact it makes sense to see policy work communication, civil society dialogue and education as part of the move to create a better
substantive in our work. In the current EU budget climate, if we cannot show that what we do creates
question the relevance of our work. So the new Citizens Programme should focus on speciã cs
In essence, our work is threefold and we need to deliver on each aspect:(a) securing the RIGHTS
MARKT reconnect their work today with Monnet†s initial inspiration to build modern Europe The Strategic Planning and Programming community of practi
3. 2. 4. Workplace innovation 3. 2. 5. Changes in governance 3. 3. ï¿Specific examples of actions from the field
3. 3. 2. 5. Workplace Innovation Network 3. 3. 2. 6. Multi-stakeholder platform for corporate social responsibility
we want this work to grow and develop. Your comments, thoughts and stories are welcome at the
and quickly reflect on what works and what doesn†t 10 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION
work best (such as the discovery that giving computers to two children to share is more effective for education than giving them one each.
label †social marketingâ€) †where policies and programmes that work well for one group may fail for others.
started as a research and development project and now works with a wide range of service users across the UK
what works, including many counter-intuitive findings. 7 The circuit of information New needs can also be brought to the fore through effective feedback systems
work alongside the policy team to create lateral comments on the issues Making problems visible and tangible
or why a group of young people don†t find work. These models have to use multiple disciplines
38) Redesigning services with users and producers such as the work undertaken by design consultancies like IDEO, thinkpublic, Participle
and Live/Work or the Hope Institute†s citizen teams formed around public service improvements. One recent example is IDEO€ s work with
the SPARC centre at the Mayo Clinic (see-plan-act-refine-communicate which involved turning an internal medicine wing into a laboratory
and the work of consultancy firm What If 42) Forum theatre is a form of theatre developed by Augusto Boal in Brazil
One example is the work of †activist architectâ€, Teddy Cruz. Cruz uses †waste†materials from San diego to build homes, health clinics and other
is the work of Children†s Express in feeding children†s views into the design of ideas for estate regeneration (and into influencing public policy
2002) †Learning Works: The 21st Century Prison. †London: Do Tank Ltd 2. See Boal, A. 1979) †Theatre of the Oppressed. †London:
innovation is that it often works best by moving quickly into practice, rather than spending too long developing detailed plans and strategies.
been used increasingly in fields such as welfare to work. They are often seen as a gold standard for evaluation,
Business models that work are themselves a prime area for social innovation. They are as diverse as business models in commercial
and of influencing the way the sector works 107) Incomes and outcomes. There are a range of social business models
attention to the many elements that combine to make a business work †any one of which could be the decisive weakest link
communities in which they operate, providing work, services, and support. Examples include Japanese food consumer co-ops, and the
which specialises in work-based mentoring projects. Based on the idea that †everyone remembers their
more directly in the work of a venture, both directly, and through representation on the board.
127) User orientation and autonomous work groups. Large commercial organisations have moved away from hierarchical organisations to
structures but in its operations †how it works with others, uses technologies or works in partnership
131) Socially-oriented supply chains. Transparent supply chains that reflect the values of the venture are often a key element in sustaining
poor labour records. It often takes time to build up robust supply chains of this sort,
on the basis of its ideas and the way it works to realise them. This creates
of their work, the stories of those involved in it, and the range of people
A workplace should provide a clear and engaging insight into the work that goes on and culture that rests within the
organization. Some ventures go further and make their workplace into a working gallery or museum.
They demonstrate much of their work visually, through photos and graphs. Some arrange tours and generate
income from them. For example, Vauban in Freiburg, Germany, and Bo01 in Malmo, Sweden, are examples of low-carbon communities which
as well as see the work of the employees and staff. It is always a useful exercise for a venture
to consider how it could best present its work and its social purpose tangibly as if it were a gallery
a wide variety of people in the work of the organization. They are an occasion for experiencing the venture†s culture.
then the experience of the work and of contributing to a social goal has to be powerful enough to persuade them to continue.
proof that a particular model works) and effective demand (mobilising sources of finance to pay for the idea or service
is to find out what works and scale it upâ€. There are many methods for growing social innovations †from organisational growth and franchising to
works. Effective demand refers to the willingness to pay. Both are needed †but sometimes the priority is to prove effectiveness while in other cases the
example is the work of ASA (the Association for Social Advancement or Asa meaning hope in Bengali) to develop an alternative to Grameen
It works with councils in developing good practice through a network of online communities, web related resources and
But it can only work if operations can be codified under enforceable rules. Without codification, it is difficult to ensure quality and continuity
fair trade company that works with artisan cooperatives and NGOS in Bangladesh. Image courtesy of Sheenagh Day
technical support, policy work, media and PR, and internal/external evaluations. While the franchisees are responsible for fundraising, they
Metrics to show what works and what deserves to be grown There are many metrics for judging
a great deal of work has gone into the design of measures of social value A recent survey found 150 different metrics in use in the nonprofit sector
Our Work •Portfolio M&e The Work of Others •Global Health Agenda •Girls Database/Scorecards
•Girls Count Task force Reports •Partners & research initiatives measure girls more broadly Demand Driven System Change
Foundation†s work to develop the ability of adolescent girls in developing countries to deliver social and economic change to their families and
of when you should work, learn and retire. This idea leads to a range of innovations in everything from employment law and pensions to
workplace. This involves a wide range of issues from the use of the web to the nature of technology and the design of distributed systems which
Examples include bans on smoking in workplaces in part of Europe, and on advertising billboards in SãO Paolo, Brazil
changes, including paying attention to non-paid work, rethinking the contribution of finance to prosperity, and properly accounting for
These individuals can work within, or across, organisations They can be involved in adopting or adapting existing innovations.
Some work within organisations either within or across departments, some are set up to encourage collaboration across organisations,
They are shared much more than work spaces. They are places where social entrepreneurs, community activists, nonprofits, and
284) Innovation hubs are shared work spaces which are specifically designed to promote collaboration and innovation †such as CAN
theory underpins much of its work. This theory is based on a pyramid with three levels:
and action research collaboratives such as the Young Foundation†s work with local authorities on neighbourhoods and wellbeing
who come together on a regular basis to reflect on their work, support each other, and learn from formal evidence as an aid to both innovation
and NGOS, exemplified in the work of Philips in developing new models of The State The Market
325) Crosscutting budgets that support broad programmes which leave space for experiment and innovation, such as those For sure Start
ensuring the work continues even after government funding stops in 2010. Image courtesy of Andrew
methods for getting unemployed people into work, with payment linked to outcomes rather than inputs and outputs
Toyota†s methods of work organisation that has spread to manufacturing and service industries over the past 25 years.
393) Tithes of working time to generate collaborative public innovation †an extension of the Google model where engineers are encouraged to spend
and enterprises works best, or how to stage funding to maximum effect We anticipate rapid evolution in this space as philanthropists develop more
416) Intermediaries for contributions in kind provide labour and skills matching for volunteering, such as the Taproot Foundation†s Service
The students work Processing bamboo as part of Prosperity Initiative†s plan to transform the bamboo sector in Northwest Vietnam.
It works at the local, national and regional level, with organisations including non-governmental organisations, trade unions, faith-based
from community/voluntary associations to †work insertion†organisations and companies limited by guarantee Social enterprises can generate income in a myriad ways.
members, such as the service consortia in the, Third Italy, or Work Ventures in Australia 444) Consumer co-ops such as the Japanese food co-ops which have
are responsible for exploitative labour practices, cause harm to people and planet or are at odds with the values and mission of the investing
Paid work Unpaid work Leisure Housework, paid work and leisure Minutes per day and person, latest year available
Note: Using normalised series for personal care; United states 2005, Finland 1998, France 1999, Germany 2002, Italy 2003, United kingdom 2001
of working time, the valorisation of voluntary labour, the content and channels of life skills learning, the role of many of the social and educational services
by enabling them to retain some rights over their works. Examples include: Creative Commons, Free Documentation, and Open Publication
publish works online for free Valorising the voluntary Another set of methods have tried to give formal value to time in the
voluntary work and support through, for example, public tax credits community commissioning and grant supported projects 504) Policies that create productive time in the household such as social
such as the right to request flexible working time 4 SUPPORT IN THE INFORMAL OR HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY 201
that represent a specified quantity of labour time. With Ithaca Hours a unit is valued at $10,
and while most work is valued as one unit, certain professionals like dentists are allowed to value their hour more highly
works for an hour helping an old person with shopping or housework If they work outside the hours of 9am to 5pm they get one and a half
If they undertake body care work they get two hours. The time dollars they receive can
teachers to work in schools 518) Producer-consumer collaboration, such as Community Shared Agriculture, in which consumers advance finance to farmers to fund
Live Work 31 London Climate Change Agency 158 Mapping 17-19 Margolis Wheel 47-48
Workplace as Museum 75 Work Ventures 183 Working Rite 66-67,220 World bank 19,38, 89 Worldchanging 178
WRAP 135 X-Prize 39 Young Foundation, The 2, 17,126, 133 137,147, 160,176-177,220, 221
His recent work has focused on new waste and energy systems and on projects in the social
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