Synopsis: Ict:

Improving Innovation Support to SMES The Synthesis Report from INNO-Partnering Forum This report was prepared by:

Phone:++4684733047 e-mail: Kjellhakan. narfelt@vinnova. se Disclaimer The views expressed in this report are those of the author

guides users on how to analyse and transfer good practices between different policy contexts Furthermore, the learning platform needs users

†a communityâ€) that apply the language and the process. IPF has invested therefore in developing

In the appendices (only available in the web version †please look at www. vinnova. se) there is

platform was to be driven user and committed to deliver tangible results. In order to obtain this result, DG Enterprise

also used IT-tools such as Linkedin (www. linkedin com) and Projectplace (www. projectplace. com) in

or work processes that guides users on how the language should be applied when analysing and transferring good practices between

•A learning platform needs users (†a communityâ€) that applies the language and process.

panels and as hosts for peer reviews. This has extended the community of users beyond the

consortium and the Council •Learning happens in the interaction and meeting between people. IPF has therefore

Linkedin) in order to extend meeting formats and facilitate communication and networking beyond physical meetings Some of the more important conclusions and

participants†sites, at least as long they are not an integrated part of the normal operations of

task forces and facilitate social networks etc Without this â€oechampion†organisation, any effort will not be sustainable 4 Summary of the findings from IPF

learning platform or user group. With the EFQM model, organisations may exchange data on performance or improve their internal

processes. It may however be easier to implement the model for a programme or a sub

outside the inner circle of users 4. 3 Recommendations on innovation support to SMES The IPF has focused its activities on three major

a website that facilitates crowd sourcing of solutions. â€oechallenge. gov†encourages people to come with innovative solutions for societal

This site gathers and brings forward challenges that different government agencies have in one place. Through this site it has been possible

to reach a broader audience as compared to their normal speaking partners. This has resulted in

turn drove demand of broadband and Internet services. Another approach has been developed in IMPROVING INNOVATION SUPPORT TO SMES

and ii) a computer or web interface, linking sites, searches and application forms together Mentoring type service delivery and on-line

service delivery systems each have their own advantages, disadvantages and transferability criteria (see next bullets

the use of data-heavy websites †Limited numbers of sectors or limited number of companies are to be helped

•Computer or web interfaces on the other hand are relatively cheap to run but still need staff to

Computer or web interfaces are suited in the following circumstances †when††Clients are computer and internet savvy

†Access to broadband services are widespread †Clients that are sophisticated more require funding and limited advice rather than

SPRING Singapore that gathers support on a web and provides some free counselling. SPRING could

discussions, like Linkedin group Innovation Policy Forum •Work with capacity building in less developed

•Promote science, technology and mathematics skills in schools (Proposal 9, page 51 •Accept international standards and risk assessments for certain product approvals

engineering and mathematics (STEM) by providing an additional $12 million to â€'assist to develop

and implement †Mathematics by inquiry†programmes for primary and secondary schools, which will be similar to other innovative online curriculum

enhance computer programming skills across the curriculum â€'provide seed funding to pilot an innovation-focused †P-TECH€ styled secondary

for National Highway Upgrades, Black Spots and Roads to Recovery programmes •Provided a concessional loan of up to $2 billion to the New south wales Government to

and ebay combined, and still growing Osawa et al, 2014 This growth is taking place against a

Data Source: Au-Yeung et al, 2013 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5

Data Source: Au-Yeung et al, 2013 TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia Industry Innovation and C

) For example, improved telecommunications has created a new market for remote medical and telehealth services, such as the delivery of clinical services through videoconferencing and

remote monitoring of health conditions Advances in technology have made also it possible to coordinate complex production processes

Data Source: IIASA and VID, 2008 TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia Industry Innovation and C

giants like Google, and the different models of business they bring, will increasingly challenge more traditional modes of commerce in many fields.

Data Sources: ABS, 2014b; 2014e TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia Industry Innovation and C

Data Sources: ABS, 2014d; ABS, 2014e -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Data Sources: ABS, 2014c; RBA, 2014b; RBA, 2014c TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia

Outlook Economics (d) Mckinsey e Gas ï ï ï ï ï Food & beverage processing ï ï ï

d) Outlook Economics (2014, unpublished), AUS-M. Distribution services includes wholesale and retail trade transport, and postal and warehousing.

and disruptions to existing business models brought by the internet. Nor could many have confidently foretold the extent of China†s spectacular recent growth and its soaring demand for

for multiple data entry and many of the errors present in manual systems Autumncare systems are used by some of

control, operate and monitor complex and hazardous working environments. The company specialises in simulation and visualisation technology, which allows

than 7 per cent of value add in 2011-12 (Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency 2013). ) Technology and communication will continue to facilitate the provision of legal

) Canada is promoting competition in the telecommunications sector, including by capping wholesale domestic roaming rates to prevent wireless providers

In some cases this debt financed critical infrastructure, like upgrades to the Pacific Highway in NSW.

Data Source: ABS, 2014j TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia Industry Innovation and C

wall panels; and a range of other building-related products By virtue of operating in all States and Territories

standards can be submitted at the cuttingredtape. gov. au website TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia

The Framework will apply to Commonwealth regulators that administer, monitor or enforce regulation. The Framework uses six outcome-based performance indicators that

economy would benefit from a shift toward less mobile and distorting tax bases (OECD, 2010b This is because Australia is more reliant on corporate

Data source: KPMG, 2014 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0

software globally. The firm†s applications and consulting services help to administer financial products for the investment, superannuation

and its software is used to manage more than A$2. 5 trillion in assets Further proposals

technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) capabilities in particular, so that Australian businesses can better compete internationally. The Chief Scientist (2014) has emphasised also

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics: Australia†s future †Chief Scientist of Australia In September 2014, the Chief Scientist released a paper calling for a strategic, whole of

government approach to science, technology, engineering and mathematics The paper argues that investment in STEM is a key contributor to boosting productivity

Around 40 per cent of our Year 7 to 10 mathematics classes are taught without a

mathematics in primary and secondary schools The Government is working with the States in four key areas:

and its capacity to focus on core functions rather than red tape, can be improved We rank well on teaching, research and citations,

Increasing the focus on science, technology, engineering, mathematics and innovation in schools As part of the Competitiveness Agenda, the Government is providing additional support to

with job-relevant skills. supplementing support for maths, science and computing in schools The Chief Scientist has identified a critical need for learning resources that will engage

students in mathematics, particularly to expand the pipeline of students taking advanced mathematics in senior school years

The Government will therefore provide $7. 4 million to assist to develop and implement †Mathematics by inquiryâ€.

These maths-in-schools programmes for primary and secondary school students will deliver innovative and engaging teaching and learning resources to

$3. 5 million to encourage the introduction of computer coding across different year levels in

looming acute shortage of computer programming skills It is anticipated that a consortia of organisations with appropriate professional capacity

with unique experiences in science and mathematics, stimulating their passion for these learning areas. The Government will provide $600,

subjects alongside technical subjects such as computer programming, graphics, logic and problem solving. Workplace learning subjects including workplace visits,

through considering options to improve data collection and information sharing between key VET stakeholders, and possible reforms focusing on VET in schools and school based

and intimidation, including those relating to the Myer Emporium site in August 2012, the Little

Creatures brewery site in Geelong in late 2012, and City West Water The Government has introduced legislation to reestablish the ABCC.

Subscribers to broadband internet grew thirteen-fold from 2003-04 to 2011-12 and mobile phone users almost doubled (BITRE, 2013b;

2013c). ) Electronic communications are now integral to everyday education, consumption and business activities, including trade, highlighting the importance of sustainable investments in broadband technology

and regulatory regimes that ensure the benefits of low cost distribution via the internet are passed on to businesses and consumers

•Northern territory road upgrades •$229 million in a National Highway Upgrade Programme •additional funding of $200 million for the Black Spot Programme;

and •an additional $350 million for the Roads to Recovery Programme The package further includes $2. 9 billion towards the

investments and upgrades to the national rail network where appropriate. The Government is TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia

•$75 million for the next stage of upgrades to the Port Botany Rail line in Sydney

will be the site of Western Sydney†s much-needed future airport. Sydney†s Kingsford Smith airport

to charge users and beneficiaries directly (for example, through tolls and value capture etc which has reduced the commercial viability of private sector investment

The Government will look for opportunities to promote the appropriate use of user charging which can help fund new infrastructure,

sites and made the case for how an audio guide could add value to the experience of visitors

an improved business. gov. au website and hotline, the new Single Business Service will enable

Data source: OECD, 2013 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80

The internet has facilitated the development of new fund raising markets which can turn clever ideas into new businesses.

advanced activities such as software development and business consulting. Successful entrepreneurs often start small and then grow their businesses

the cuttingredtape. gov. au website to invite submissions to identify examples of divergence from international standards

STEM Science, technology, engineering and mathematics VET Vocational education and Training VID Vienna Institute of Demography

August 2014, from http://www. austrade. gov. au/digital-benchmark/talent. html#anchor12 Australian Chamber of commerce and Industry.

Airport traffic data 1985 to 2013. Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia

-Carbon-tax-RIS-20131127. pdf Commonwealth of australia. 2014a). ) Agricultural Competitiveness Issues Paper. Canberra Commonwealth of australia Commonwealth of australia. 2014b).

-impacts-households-and-businesses 0. pdf Department of Foreign affairs and Trade. 2014). ) Trade in Services Australia, 2012-13.

we need an airport in western sydney. pdf Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. 2014c). ) Trends: Infrastructure and Transport to 2030.

) Gov. Malloy Announces Collaboration with IBM to Launch State†s First P-Tech Model School in Norwalk.

of China†s food demand to 2050, conference paper, 44th ABARES Outlook conference Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences.

announcesnewpartnershipwithfivetechnologycompanies. html Mccallum, R.,Moore, M, . & Edwards, J. 2012). Towards more productive and equitable

OECD Tax Database. Retrieved July 2014, from OECD: http://www. oecd. org/tax /tax-policy/tax-database. htm#C corporatecaptial

OECD, ILO, IMF and World bank Group. March 2014. Achieving stronger growth by promoting a more gender-balanced economy.

) Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics Australia†s Future. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia Osawa, J.,Mozur, P, . & Winkler, R. 2014, April 15).

Outlook Economics. 2014 unpublished. Aus-M. Canberra: Outloook Economics Palangkaraya, A.,Spurling, T, . & Webster, E. 2014).

The Conference Board Total Economy Database Retrieved May 2014, from The Conference Board Total Economy Database:

http://www conference-board. org/data/economydatabase /Times Higher education. 2014, October. Times Higher education World University rankings

2014-15. Retrieved October 2014, from http://www. timeshighereducation. co. uk/world -university rankings/2014-15/world-ranking

au/national/cost-of-gender-gap-put-at-195b-20130308-2fr6n. html Tourism Research Australia.

National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. Retrieved May 2014, from National Accounts Main Aggregates Database: https://unstats. un. org

/unsd/snaama/Introduction. asp United nations. 2014, March 25. United nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistics Retrieved May 2014, from United nations Conference on Trade and Development:

of the Expert Panel. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia World bank. 2014a). ) World bank Data. Retrieved August 2014, from Gross capital formation

%of GDP: http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NE. GDI. TOTL. ZS World bank. 2014b). ) World Development Indicators.

Retrieved May 2014, from World Development Indicators-Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products(%:%http

//data. worldbank. org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators World Economic Forum. 2010). ) The Global Competitiveness Report:

978-1-922098-81-8 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda (PDF 978-1-922098-82-5 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda (DOC

Prime minister and Cabinet website (see http://www. dpmc. gov. au/guidelines /TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia

follow-up the government†s strategy for promoting mathematics, science and technology review how the education sector and working life are working together, and

involve the users in the development of services through national surveys and measurements of performance achievement

solutions in the public sector and increased use of public data Strengthen the municipal sector as a service provider

of innovative solutions, among other things, electronic signatures Strengthen the public r&d contract scheme, with a particular focus on

publikasjonsbestilling@dss. dep. no •Fax:++47 22 24 27 86 The publication is also available online at www. nhd. no •Publication number:

You can also download the content in pdf-format The information on tools will enable you to apply

This way, we hope to encourage the user of this guide to reflect on the question â€oewhat else

The guide is available as a web-based system, a CD and a handbook We wish you success in working

9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research...198 10. Human resources management policies to support innovation...

http://www. ost. gov. uk/enterprise/dtiwhite/foreword. html) from 2000 outlines the UK Government's pro

www. acrologic. co. uk/i2/innovation. html#T1 Businesses that seek to develop and exploit new ideas need strategies to engage in, drive and man

the areas of (see www. innovationwave. com/index. html "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-1. Introduction:

firms and other actors is replaced by the current social network theory of innovation, where knowledge plays a crucial role in fostering innovationâ€

A list of UK University websites can be accessed via the Higher education Funding Council for England http://www. hefce. ac. uk/.In South East England for example the Cranfield School

There are also search engines that help to find courses, for example the Course Locator (there is a charge) http://www. thecourselocator. co. uk

This website http://www. innovation. gov. uk/supports business in managing and thinking about innovation.

It provides links to other sites and practical support re -sources Department for Trade and Industry:

This website http://www. ktponline. org. uk/provides details for the Knowledge Transfer Partnership scheme,

This website http://www. seeda. co. uk/supports high growth busi -nesses in the South East England region, especially through their network of Enterprise Hubs and

This website www. ost. gov. uk/science links. htm provides good links related to innovation Innovation Policies

/The HM Treasury website sets out the UK ten-year investment framework for science and innovation

Also the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) monitors and benchmarks Member country technology and innovation policies and assesses their impact on eco

ï Collecting general company data ï Shaping company technology profile ï Performing SWOT analysis ï Identifying technological areas for further analysis

http://www. adi. pt/docs/innoregio techn audits. pdf "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-2. 1. Audit tools (Technology Audit

the installation or modernisation of their Wide area network, structured cabling, data network, video network and computers

Problem: The district was seeking a â€oehealth check†of their technology systems for hardware, software

and network infrastructure as well as IT policies, procedures and organisational structure. They wan -ted to verify that the stand-alone technology decisions over the last seven years functioned as a â€oesys

Internet sites Analytical information about technology audit ï http://www. access-ecom. info/article. cfm?

ï http://www. oxin. co. uk/downloads/taudit. pdf Useful address about strategic planning in general, where also technology audit is explained

ï http://www. newventuretools. net/technology audit. html "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-2. 2. SWOT Analysis

ï Exploratory, followed by data collection ï Detailed, followed by a focused analysis Gathering information on Strengths and Weaknesses should focus on the internal factors of skills

ï Experience, knowledge, data ï Financial reserves, likely returns ï Marketing-reach, distribution, awareness ï Innovative aspects

ï Effects on core activities, distraction ï Reliability of data, plan predictability ï Moral, commitment, leadership

ï Accreditations, etc ï Processes and systems, etc ï Management cover, succession Opportunities ï Market developments

ï Cultural differences with users Opportunities ï Support of local government ï High felt need of users

ï Internationally funded projects Threats ï Low income of users ï Bad roads ï Low salaries

ï Lack of budget ï Paradigms of providers ï High competition Step 5: After completing the SWOT matrix the SWOT participants had a wider view of the situation at

ï coordination with other providers to cover all user needs ï remodelling of the facility with local government funds and international help

and lab supplies with user fees ï payment of incentives to staff based on performance ï review of procedures for decreasing costs and waiting times and increasing perceived quality

Internet sites General address of the University of Arizona with a useful file about SWOT analysis

SWOTANALYSIS. pdf Analytical address which explains the procedure of SWOT analysis ï http://www. planonline. org/planning/strategic/swot. htm

ï http://www. amputee-coalition. org/communicator/vol2no4pg1. html Panasia networking website contains an interesting site for SWOT analysis

ï http://www. panasia. org. sg/iirr/ikmanual/swot. htm A very analytical address for SWOT analysis

ï http://cbae. nmsu. edu/dboje/sbc/pages/page3. html Quick MBA is an address for strategic management in general

http://pespmc1. vub. ac. be/ASC/Black metho. html 3. 1. 1. What is the Black box Method?..

specifications testing, behavioural testing, data-driven test -ing, functional testing, and input/output-driven testing

The principle of the generation of equivalence classes is to group all input data of a program into a

ï Analysis of the input data requirements, the output data requirements, and the conditions ac -cording to the specifications

Suppose the specifications for a database product state that the product must be able to handle any

Testing the database product then requires that one test class from each equivalence class be se

Thus, when testing the database product, the following cases should be selected Test case 1: 0 records Member of equivalence class 1 and adjacent to boundary value

An alternative form of black-box testing is to base the test data on the functionality of the module.

Internet sites In this address you can find a Black box program to use a genetic algorithm that helps optimise your

problems ï http://fdtd. rice. edu/GA /Elementary Method"Black box Test case Design"(BBTD ï http://www. informatik. uni-bremen. de/uniform/gdpa d/methods/m-bbtd. htm

2. The facilitator displays a set of standard process analysis questions. The team reviews the questions, adds,

Internet sites This is the part of the general address Principia Cybernetica Web, which refer to the system analysis

method ï http://pespmc1. vub. ac. be/ASC/SYSTEM ANALY. html In this address of the TECHINSIGHTS one can find information about process analysis and process

analysis services ï http://www. semiconductor. com "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-4. 1. Foundations of generating ideas

-ing very much the initial data of the problem ï prefer to do things differently ï are found in departments as marketing that de

http://www. bright-side. com/why/case1a. html The organisation: it is a public company founded in 1930 with over 28,000 employees worldwide

After analysing the data together with the leadership, Bright side has developed an individual devel -opment process and one for the leadership that best fits the needs of the company.

Framework for Research, http://cispom. boisestate. edu/murli/home/research/Publications. html ï Psycho pedagogy for the tenure and II degree exams, Iaâ i, Spiru Haret Publishing house

ï Psychology of Intelligence Analysis, http://www. cia. gov/csi/books/19104/art2. html ï Roco, Mihaela, Creativity and emotional creaticvity, Iaâ i, Polirom Publishing house, 2001

Software tools to hold a brainstorming session Conceptdraw MINDMAP, Conceptual Map software Brainstorming forms The forms of brainstorming are:

classical brainstorming and advanced brainstorming Classical Brainstorming is the brainstorming until now discussed. Advanced brainstorming is a better

ï Brainstorming software tools: brainstorming toolbox, software to generate conceptual maps ï Creative thinking techniques:

random word technique, random picture technique, False Rules technique, scamper method, analogies, role play, Alexander technique more info

Internet sites ï http://www. mindtools. com/brainstm. html ï http://www. brainstorming. co. uk/tutorials/whatisbrainstorming. html

ï http://www. brainstorming. co. uk/tutorials/definitions. html#brainstorming ï http://www. mcli. dist. maricopa. edu/authoring/studio/guidebook/brain. html

ï http://www. brainstorming. co. uk/tutorials/brainstormingrules. html ï http://www. brainstorming. co. uk/tutorials/brainstormingprinciples. html

ï http://modena. intergate. ca/personal/gslj/brainstorms. html ï http://www. creativeadvantage. com/ideation techniques overview. html

ï http://www. brainstorming. co. uk/tutorials/creativethinkingcontents. html ï http://www. conceptdraw. com/en/products/mindmap/ap-creative-thinking. php

ï http://www. brainstorming. co. uk/tutorials/creativethinkingcontents. html ï http://ksi. cpsc. ucalgary. ca/articles/Conceptmaps

ï http://www. cs. uah. edu ï http://www. inspiration. com ï http://www. jfsowa. com/pubs/semnet. htm

ï http://www. scn. org/cmp/modules/brn-vis. htm "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES

"-4. 3. 635-Method page 54 of 271 4. 3. 635-Method Introduction In 4. 2 Brainstorming was presented as a useful tool for developing innovative solutions.

Method 635 is a kind of brainstorming but it is carried out in a group and in written form

New ideas can be discovered and developed in the way that ideas of the participants are adopted and

further developed. This way, the creative potential of a group can be used. Like brainstorming, this will

Downloads ï form for applying method 635 (PDF, 7kb ï 10 steps for applying method 635 (PDF, 11kb

Literature ï Schlicksupp, Hans. Ideenfindung. Vogel-Verlag Wà rzburg, 1992 If you use a search machine like google and search under â€oemethode 635â€,

you will find that there are a lot of explanations given in GERMAN. Most websites present more or less the same information about

the method, sometimes with slight modifications like ï http://www. teachsam. de/arb/krea/krea brainst 2e. htm

However, when entering The english word â€oemethodâ€, no information about this creative method could be found, only some information about physical analyses.

in our brains, personal experiences and information we have kept from other sources like TV pro

a whole scientific discipline dealing with this topic-BIONICS There are lots of problems we are trying to solve which animals

ï Knowledge about available sources of knowledge-databases, expertsâ€-and abilities to use them "Innosupport:

A lot of examples of how analogical thinking is applied can be studied on the internet, especially from the field of BIONICS, the transfer of systems from nature to human needs and solutions, e g

http://www. bionicdolphin. com/tom/source/tarcodesigns. html (a water scooter using dolphins as a

model) or http://www. cnn. com/2003/HEALTH/09/25/bionic. arm/(an artificial arm which is linked to the

Useful article about how to use databases for analogical reasoning: Special databases have been set up to support searching for useful analogies.

download PDF "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-4. 5. Attribute Listing page 65 of 271

4. 5. Attribute Listing Introduction Imagine that the General manager of a big company has invited you to a business meeting at the Hil

The core idea is to â€oeforget†everything we have learnt and retained when thinking about a possible

-tem of the computer of the person for whom you would leave the message and which automatically

starts when switching on the computer? By the way, why does need she/he a switch to switch the

computer on (mechanically? Couldn†t it be an optical, acoustical, chemical or biological starter†Oh yes, a biological starter!

My fingerprint to start the computer! So many passwords always changing which is often the problem †no problem anymore with login or stolen passwords with my unique and

The website offers a well-structured overview on different creative techniques, illustrated with exam -ples.

Interesting website,"Robert Alan Black†s creativity challenges"."From 1960 to the present, Alan has

The site also contains articles and creative thinking exercises ï http://www. cre8ng. com/CC/cc1998/9804. shtml (English

New systems such as intranets documents management systems, collaboration systems and databases constitute a vital factor, which

facilitates KM "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-4. 6. Knowledge management page 73 of 271 4. 6. 4. Strategic steps to Implement K. M

The audit tool (extensive questionnaire and methodology) aims to provide the user with a detailed methodology of how to identify all the areas (recognition procedure),

Improved site management methods help meet growing demand Brief Golden West Foods operates the UK warehousing and delivery system for one of the largest chains of

site management methods and transport services to identify best practice, which all staff should use

Email: Email is the simplest and one of the most effective technologies for sharing knowledge at a

distance. Threaded discussions on in-house email systems or on the Internet are a great way for a

community of practice to raise questions and exchange solutions Intranet: An Intranet can act as a universally accessible corporate filing system for the knowledge of

the organisation. However it needs to be seen as a filing and sharing tool, not as a set of glossy pages

designed to impress. Structure the Intranet around the key activities of the organisation, and make

sure that publishing material is easy and quick Communication tools: There are many electronic communication tools, which can help build net

-works within your organisation. For example the chat room software"msn messenger"(free from Mi -crosoft) can be very powerful in allowing people in remote sites to have online conversations

Collaboration tools: Videoconferencing systems are a very powerful way of bringing remote sites together, but are expensive.

Microsoft Net meeting-another free software application-is a simpler alternative Video: One of the best ways to transfer knowledge is through the use of stories.

This is even more powerful if the people with the knowledge are allowed to tell the stories in their own words.

A picture tells a thousand words, and a moving picture tells them movingly, so consider the use of video to cap

/Internet Sites ï http://www. knowledgeboard. com /Knowledgeboard, which is one of the leading European web site in K. M area,

exercises and intel -lectually challenging games Seek new things to do, and new ways of

Ranger radio and television episodes for a couple of decades by modifying these characteristics characters, goals, obstacles, and outcomes

Morphological Synthesis (http://www. cc. gatech. edu/faculty/ashwin/papers/git-cc-94-01. pdf

Innovation routines http://www. melbourneinstitute. com/wp/wp2003n05. pdf "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-4. 7. Systemic Management of internal innovative proposals

For example, computer-services company EDS has instituted a fellows program to recog -nize innovative individuals who can serve as mentors for aspiring innovators in the company.

http://www. strategyletter. com/CD0902/featured article. html ï Risk and challenges in thinking about innovation

http://www. innovation. cc/peer-reviewed/glor-ethics. pdf ï Managing Innovation in Organizations-A Framework for Creativity and Collaboration

/pginnovation. html ï Repetition Leads To Innovation http://gbr. pepperdine. edu/011/recursive. html ï Techniques for creativity thinking

http://www. winstonbrill. com ï The Art of Work http://www. accenture. com ï Innovation and SME Programme

http://www. cordis. lu/innovation-smes/home. html ï Case studies http://www. nap. edu/books/030903891x/html/index. html

ï Innovation At work http://www. ideachampions. com/innovation at work. shtml ï Creative Thinking: Theory, Techniques, and Assessment

http://www. cc. gatech. edu/faculty/ashwin/papers/git-cc-94-01. pdf ï Innovation routines

http://www. melbourneinstitute. com/wp/wp2003n05. pdf ï Quality circles http://www. freequality. org ï Suggestion boxes

2. Internet-based research 3. Approach web developers for quotes The customer survey consisted of a small questionnaire

which was given away with each purchase and made available on the counter in the shop.

questions regarding their use of the Internet and whether they would find it useful if Magic Books had

The Internet-based research basically looked at web pages of bookshops of comparable size and nature, identifying the kind of services and information provided, etc

Also, a number of web developers were approached and quotes were obtained. These quotes in -cluded a number of options, some with more functionality and more basic versions

interested in a Magic Books website, etc At this stage Magic Books also established a number of possible decisions.

Based on the Internet -research and the quotes, a number of options were established. A very basic version with only one

Some multimedia content was considered also to make the page more attractive. The other possible decision, of course, was to drop this idea and

and increase in turnover brought by the web -site in the long term Based on this information, Magic Books decided that getting a webpage was an investment

and a possibility to email Magic Books, but not with a newsletter. This could be added if the

panel television technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of each are added (the advantages using positive and the disadvantage negative numbers.

though, the Plasma screen actually obtained a better score. When using weight -ing, the total sum of the weights applied has to amount to 1. This ensures that the distribution of the

ï http://www. mit. edu/jcb/xmas-light-rating. html-this page shows how to assess Christmas

light displays using a point rating system ï http://www. sethkahan. com/Kahan mariestopes povertygrading. pdf-this document presents

a point rating system in order to grade poverty within the Marie Stopes Clinic Society "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES

-fineries and gas sites. This process looks at different areas, such as health and safety, envi

should include the performance measures, a programme of visits, the method of data collec -tion, etc.

ï Collect the necessary data, according to the agreement. The collection of data could be achieved through observation, conversations with people involved, gathering of documents

etc ï The gathered information needs to be processed and analysed. The analysis of the informa

and provided relevant data over a period of time, at the end of which there was a meeting between the three companies.

-lected data was analysed, which was used later to produce a report, specifying the different ap -proaches and methods applied in each company

as well as a database of Good Practices ï the Office of Government Commerce provides information and a checklist on benchmarking

roadmap that can help companies and organisations to successfully develop new products or upgrade existing ones through a series of logical steps, starting from the process of idea generation and ending

ï Product Engineering where product plans are transformed into blueprints or CAD-drawings then into prototypes and ultimately into real parts and components

programme, †says Roman Meister, ENERGEX Retail Marketing Manager. â€oeemp packages hardware and software into one product which monitors all energy inputs and costs, providing instant access to

information on energy usage, power quality, billing verification, on-charging and greenhouse gas emissions. Managers can have access to volumes of data but still lack quality information about one of

their most critical operating costs †their energy consumption levels. EMP changes this situation†ENERGEX responded to the challenge of deregulation by creating ENERGEX Retail, a fast-moving

"After initial discussions the product development environment at ENERGEX was reviewed. This involved structured interviews with both the users and â€oecustomers†of the current prod

-uct development process. A review or â€oeaudit†of the existing environment is always a critical starting

development environment. ENERGEX has seen that process development by an empowered cross -functional team is crucial to long-term project success. Such teams must have the authority to make

and the core process development team should not just represent one functional group otherwise process buy in will be affected adversely

understood by all users of the RAPID process. Many companies struggle with the design of their early

along with training for all users of the process Implementation of Stage Gateâ¢is really about changing attitudes and behaviour in an organisation.

-cal hands-on training for users and gatekeepers (senior management), accurate and concise process documentation, a process brochure for those who need to be aware of

ï http://www. b2binternational. com/case8. html ï http://www. qmisolutions. com. au ï poverty within the Marie Stopes Clinic Society

physical models from Computer-aided design (CAD) data. These"three dimensional printers"allow designers to quickly create tangible prototypes of their designs, rather than just two-dimensional pic

-tures. Such models have numerous uses. They make excellent visual aids for communicating ideas with co-workers or customers.

-botics, appliances, telecommunications, orthopaedics, healthcare, dental, foundry, oil & gas, petro -chemical, toys and plastics

techniques are referred often collectively to as solid free-form fabrication, computer automated manu -facturing, or layered manufacturing

A software package"slices"the CAD model into a number of thin (0. 1 mm) layers,

1. Create a CAD model of the design 2. Convert the CAD model to STL format

3. Slice the STL file into thin cross-sectional layers 4. Construct the model one layer atop another

CAD Model Creation: First, the object to be built is modeled using a Computer-aided design (CAD software package. Solid modelers,

such as Pro/ENGINEER, tend to represent 3-D objects more accu -rately than wire-frame modelers such as Autocad,

and will therefore yield better results. The designer can use a preexisting CAD file or may wish to create one expressly for prototyping purposes.

This process is identical for all of the RP build techniques Conversion to STL Format: The various CAD packages use a number of different algorithms to rep

-resent solid objects. To establish consistency, the STL (stereolithography, the first RP technique) for -mat has been adopted as the standard of the rapid prototyping industry.

to convert the CAD file into STL format. This format represents a three-dimensional surface as an

and most allow the user to adjust the size, location and orientation of the model.

The preprocessing software slices the STL model into a number of layers from 0. 01 mm to 0. 7 mm thick,

Each PR machine manufacturer supplies their own proprietary preprocessing software Layer by Layer Construction: The fourth step is the actual construction of the part.

Baxi sent its CAD files to the AMSYS Sunderland sintering facility by e-mail. Once these had been

Instead designs will be downloaded from CAD and sent direct to the bureau saving time and money in the process

and consider how data is to be captured. Different testing methods will have different objectives, approaches and types of modelling.

ï Monitor the potential threat levels posed by competitive products to understand competitive strengths and weaknesses

ï Monitor product quality from different factories, through different channels of distribution, and from year to year

-puter software can be tested, furniture can be tested, store environments can be tested, dog food can be tested, airline service can be tested,

morning to find themselves on the brink of extinction from a competitor who has built â€oea better mouse

good understanding of the user profile and customer needs. The objective of the exploratory test is to

ï What do the users think about using the concept ï Does the basic functionality have value to the user

ï Is the user interface appropriate and operable ï How does the user feel about the concept

"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-6. 2. Rapid prototyping & Product Testing Strategies page 124 of 271

ï Are our assumptions about customer requirements correct ï Have we misunderstood any requirements This type of early analysis of concepts is potentially the most critical of all types of prototyping and

needs of the users, then problems are almost inevitable later on. Data collection will tend to be qualita

-tive based on observation, interview and discussion with the target audience. Ideally, the customer should be asked to use the product without training or prompting,

ï Does the concept satisfy all user needs ï How does the user use the product

and could it be more effective ï How will it be assembled and tested and could this be achieved in a better way

ï Can the user complete all tasks as intended Assessment testing typically requires more complex or detailed models than the exploratory test.

Data will typically be qualitative and based on observation, discussion and structured inter -view. The study should aim to understand why users respond in the way that they do to the concept

Validation tests The validation test is conducted normally late in the development process to ensure that all of the

Data from a validation test is likely to be quantitative, based on measurement of performance. Nor

desirability may be measured in terms of preference or user ranking. Data should also be formally recorded, with any failures to comply with expected performance logged

and appropriate corrective action determined Comparison tests A comparison test may be performed at any stage of the design process,

both performance and preference data for each solution. The comparison test is used to establish a

The units are measured carefully and CAD drawings produced. The aim is to achieve as close a shape to the original as possible.

and CAD drawings made Prototypes of the new design are made and these are tested thoroughly, both for their physical dimen

This site has been developed as a resource for the Good Design Practice program, a joint initiative between the Institute for Manufacturing and the Engineering Design Centre at the

ï http://www. amsys-rpt. co. uk/amsys case. html ï http://www. bksv. com/pdf/ba0722. pdf

"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-6. 3. Production strategies page 128 of 271 6. 3. Production strategies

strategies are supported by sophisticated software programmes such as MRP, MRPII, ERP, etc What is a production strategy

stock the user is manually willing to accept another. Items can also be a complement, that is, customers will not accept one item unless an

basic Excel spreadsheet that was in use for some time and was a conglomeration of personal theo -ries, formulas,

The spreadsheet was handfed data from manual tyre counts. The new system will automate data collection to allow better manage

-ment of machines, shifts, and teams while allowing efficient reporting tools with real-time views of all

production phases Solution The tyre company with the help of external consultants built a solution to monitor

RDB database. The system also allows inventory levels to be adjusted after manual inventory level counts

The customer now has a system that utilizes real-time data for accurate planning and reporting while

data collection is automated now and less costly, and the system is designed for future scalability Case study 2:

software architecture that abstracts the functionality according to the business requirements. Each tier of the solution addresses a unique responsibility.

Information about the processing of rods including various data collection is used by the opera -"Innosupport:

ï http://www. processingtalk. com/news/ien/ien103. html ï http://www. flexwareinnovation. com/Casestudies

Analyze the main reasons why users dispose of the product is disposed the product of because of technical failure

Pick-up from last user Return system via retailers Determine who is going to recycle or process the product

Users will think twice before discarding products Governments will develop more regulations The processing industry will become more effective

1) Data collection (identify the components, materials, and fastening mechanism in the assem -bly to be rated

Old woolen garments are dumped usually in landfill sites where they decompose to produce methane, a gas that contributes to the climate change.

and trademark databases to learn about recent technological breakthroughs, identify future partners and find out about the innovative activities of competitors.

These include computer software; any drawing, map, chart or plan; photographs and films; architec -tural works;

tv and radio broadcasts etc. Rights are related not just to the originators of the works themselves but apply also to people performing the works

and microprocessors (patents held by Intel, for example All patent owners are obliged, in return for patent protection,

Does your company have a website, a brochure, a corporate video, or does it advertise in newspapers or on TV?

Is your SME using music, pictures, or software products owned by others in any of its publications, brochures, databases or websites?

Does your company own the rights to any computer software? If you answered â€oeyes†to any of the above, then

you may wish to find out more about copyright issues Once you have a clearer picture on the basics of copyright protection you may wish to know what your

SME should do to a. Legitimately use or exploit the works or creations of others with the authorisation of the author

and programs for computers ï Presentations of information ï Methods for medical treatment of humans and animals (as opposed to medical products

For example literary works include software, and artistic works include any drawing, map, chart or plan. The only absolute requirement is that the work

users for a tariff. A performing rights society is a collective that deals with musical works, collecting

their radio and television programmes, and creators/owners of databases 7. 1. 7. How to obtain a DESIGN

What can be registered as design Essentially any feature which relates purely to the appearance of the article

with articles and reports appearing on national television broad -casts as well Suberisâ receives attention daily from industrial and commercial sectors around the globe and from

websites "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-7. 2. International Regulations page 160 of 271 EU Mark Applications

by post, courier or fax and can also be filed at the National Trademark Office. OHIM is responsible for examining the applica

Many businesses often need to reveal some of their confidential information to new employees, inde -pendent contractors, venture capitalists or bankers.

protection for your confidential information and trade secrets if the prospective buyer pulls out of the deal

when both businesses are sharing confidential information with each other, and want to be sure that neither will disclose their trade secret

1) First, you should list all the parties who will have contact with the confidential information, by cate

allowing access to its confidential information) and the non-disclosing party (the one getting access to

the confidential information. Additionally, there must be a recitation of the confidential materials them -selves. In other words, the types of information that is expected to be kept confidential must be stated

disclose confidential information. The most common examples here concern being free to disclose information that somehow becomes public knowledge without wrongful disclosure, and freedom to

1. All parties who will be permitted access to the confidential information should be identified by category and if possible by name

Furthermore, the confidential information itself must be stated orally and the key information to be held confidential must be defined clearly

3. How the non-disclosing party can use the confidential information is vital to a Non-Disclosure

-close the confidential information 4. Non-Disclosure Agreements are normally valid for a predetermined amount of time. However

Its activities are focused on the software and the Internet business. It develops, implements and distributes software management systems in

the field of accounting, logistics, process tracking, communication, human resources and CRM. Enter -prise S. also offers web solutions including application provider, web hosting, web and application

development services The owner of Enterprises S. learnt about intellectual property issues by attending seminars and con

-ferences for future company managers. There he became aware of the value of his intangible assets

documents, software and web pages produced by the company. Finally the registration of his prod -ucts'trademarks remains on his list of things to do next

Consulting patent and trademark databases regularly is important in order to find out about recent technical developments and new technologies, identify new licensing partners or suppliers, new mar

They rely on a few patents to cover their core technology and do not concentrate on protecting possible modifications or improvements of that core technology

This is an inherently risky strategy, however, particularly if the core patents are found wholly or par

-tially invalid, and there are no additional patents to cover improvements or modifications of the original

A typical example is the use of a commercial software prod -uct Exclusive License A license is said to be exclusive

example if a software vendor fails to deliver sufficient quantities of its products to a distributor, the

-ing of software and systems for industrial processes as well as automation and IT integration in organ

control and monitoring of industrial processes, internet/intranet software and technology and systems engineering The competitive environment of the applied research in ICT sectors is highly dynamic and subject to a

The company considers it crucial to monitor technological changes and advancements that could be critical for the company†s competitiveness.

Internet with"human"filtering, consultation of specialised press, participation in conferences and workshops at national and international level, co-operation with Universities and other research cen

-tres, visits and market analysis, use of patent databases (seldom used) and the acquisition of reports

-tion to software programmes Eidon has been granted 15 patents, protecting original systems resulting from different R&d contracts

Therefore, when software intensive solutions are involved, Eidon relies on copyright protection Eidon†s original software is protected by copyright.

Access rights to software, based normally on an exclusive license model, do not usually include access to the source code,

which may be granted only in exceptional cases and can be made subject to separate agreements Eidon†s standard R&d contract is an interesting mix of different IP tools,

which reflects the complexity of its contract research activities. Frequently the interests of customers and R&d centres do not con

ï http://www. cordis. lu/finance/home. html-Cordis (Community Research & development Infor -mation Service) provides information on financing projects

ï http://europa. eu. int/business/en/topics/finance/finance. html-This website provided by the

ï http://www. london-innovation. org. uk/innov funding. htm-The London Innovation website con -tains information on funding Innovation projects

http://www. evca. com/-The website of the European Private Equity & Venture capital Association 8. 1. 4. Banks

ï http://www. kse. or. kr/webeng/work/ksem/st/wr ksem st mn df. jsp-This site provides an

e g. a software product or Internet service would best be adver -tised on the Internet on related websites, through email campaigns or dedicated computer literature or

publications Last but not least, the financial information and forecasts are crucial. This is the section that should justify the amount requested from the investor.

-keting budget in order to collect all the data required and to make their analysis 9. 1. 1. How can we optimize the acceptance...

Prototype testing and early user testing often reveal unseen market features and new market niches

Despite careful planning and market research, developers are surprised often to find that users iden -tify benefits in products/services that they failed to spot.

Likewise, users can also find undesirable features, which the developers failed to appreciate. Even when a product/service is just a concept

user feedback can point to benefits the users sees or to features that are potentially undesirable.

-tential customers from publicized data. Much of this information is free, or available at low cost, from

ï Electronic Media (CD-ROMS, The Internet, Online services ï Trade associations ï Others (data are National and Local governments, Business links, Chambers of Commerce

and the European commission Compiling questionnaires There are a variety of possible purposes to a questionnaire, including customer profiling, features

The best approach may be to create a database "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-9. 1. Optimising and controlling the acceptance of an Innovative

customers, end users, distributors, agents, university specialists, trade journalists, research and technology organizations etc ï Organizational buyer

-Users those using the product service -Influencers those influencing key product attributes -Deciders those in authority to select a product or supplier

service, or to deliver it in a way that is more convenient to the user, or to improve the quality of the

Identifying the total cost to the user (which is likely to be higher than the charge you make) is a part of the price element

are search results delivered to the user's desktop, office, pigeonhole-or do they have to col

This is the Oxford Innovation website which provides information about innovation, technology and innovation management tools

ï http://c2kschoolbox. granada-learning. com/pdf/keystage3and4/marketing worksheet4. pdf A useful address about the marketing mix

television, the cinema video, radio, photography, advertising, newspapers and magazines, recorded music, computer games and the internet.

Media are films, images and web sites etc. that are carried by these different forms of communication.

Media-based training basically utilises some of these media to enhance the learning process, address different learning styles

especially when using the internet as a resource. Most of the following refers to digital media

The processor speed of the computer Complex and expensive use "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES

knowledge that requires rich interaction with the computer or other learners ï Learner-customized tutorials:

and self-paced product training that enables each user to learn at their own pace

http://www2. trainingvillage. gr/download/Cinfo/Cinfo398/C38k6en. html A learning centre is operating at the Melfi factory (near Potenza) of Fiat Auto.

Italy, it has thirty-five multimedia computers, two telematic workstations and a room for videoconfer -ences. 100 electronic programmes, CD-ROMS, encyclopedias and web sites, specialist books and

http://www. engines4ed. org/hyperbook/nodes/NODE-130-pg. html Dustin sets up situations that the student will encounter in real life

http://www. engines4ed. org/hyperbook/nodes/NODE-302-pg. html Modern training regimens often divorce instruction from practice,

monitors the student's ongoing activity in the simulation and offers a particular type of intervention

http://www. engines4ed. org/hyperbook/nodes/NODE-291-pg. html Sickle cell has proven to be a popular exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago

The context to the user, counselling, is used as a framework from which users can hang newly acquired concepts.

This framework serves as a point of integration. All of the coaching and instruction the user is given is in service of the counselling task.

Because users are eager to help their"clients,"they want to learn what they can to give better advice.

The users'goals serve to organ -ize their experience Domains: Science 9. 2. 6. Preliminary conclusion

By using efficient MBT solutions we can get both the transition from dependence to independence in

Related topics are based web learning, computer-based learning and elearning 9. 2. 7. Resources Bibliography

Allesi, S m.,Trollip, S. R.,Multimedia for Learning. Methods and Development. Allyn and Ba -con, 2001

ï Horton, W. K.,Designing Web-Based Training. How to teach anyone anything anywhere any

How IBM, GE, Harvard Business school and Columbia University are Succeeding at E-learning. Mcgraw-hill, 2002 Schunk, D. H.,Zimmerman B. J.,Self-regulated learning †from teaching to self-reflective prac

ï http://carbon. cudenver. edu/mryder/itc data/idmodels. html ï http://www. thelearningweb. net ï http://www. innlrn. com

/ï http://www. engines4ed. org/hyperbook/misc/rcs. html ï http://www. city. londonmet. ac. uk/deliberations/collab. learning/panitz2. html

ï http://www. solt. info "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research

page 198 of 271 9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research Introduction All the innovation in the world will not help a SME

if the company cannot establish a positive link be -tween the innovation and the market.

Using the internet can be a powerful tool to do this, but a basic understanding is required to take advantage

ï Show why the Internet presentation of SMES is so important ï Describe a classification of searchable databases

Where? †In what ways this component offers help for the SMES ï It provides the main rules to be followed

ï Offers some e g. of best/worst websites ï Provides rules for an efficient search on the Web

9. 3. 1. Why to use and how to take advantage?..199 9. 3. 2. Presentation on the internet...

199 9. 3. 3. Web content layout...201 9. 3. 4. Internet research...203 9. 3. 5. Resources...

205 "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research page 199 of 271

9. 3. 1. Why to use and how to take advantage The SMES have the opportunity to gain potentially huge advantage over their competitors.

Over the next few years the Internet is going to completely change the way we do business.

It is probably the most important development in business and communication in the history of the global economy

However, because the Internet is developing at such an amazing rate those companies who put off

the Internet. 57%reported increased efficiency and 50%reported improved quality of service. From a

marketing perspective, the web offers an unparalleled opportunity for SMES How to take advantage Having a Web site is an excellent way of providing information on SMES.

It is this immediate feedback of user interaction on the Web site that makes it such a powerful com

9. 3. 2. Presentation on the internet Step 1: Set your goals You will not be able to make good decisions about your website or its development if you don†t set

measurable goals and targets for success from the beginning. If you haven†t already set these kinds of

targets in your offline business you†ll need to start doing so, as this will help you to invest your re

what you want to achieve from your site ï Prepare the copy or text for your site.

This should be written using direct marketing copy -writing techniques either by your self or a professional

ï Select images for your site. These can be existing photos or chosen from an online photo li

"-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research page 200 of 271 Step 2: Get onto the World wide web

Web Space: Many service providers give you a certain amount of free web space with your connec

-tion. However, this usually has limited a capacity and is not really suitable for a professional site.

You have to find a commercial web space that will enhance the experience of visitors to your site

Web site Developer: The first and most important step involved in setting up a web site, is choosing

the right web developers. As the main purpose of a business web site in the SME sector is marketing

whether they can develop your site as an effective promotional tool. Therefore out of all the abilities an agency should possess, by far the most important

because without applying effective marketing techniques to the site-a good design will be of little use for your business

Choose a direct marketing orientated web developer. Follow the rules below ï Use web marketing strategies to attract visitors to your site such as reciprocal links, direct

email, newsgroup and list serve postings etc ï Combine online marketing with conventional promotion such as direct mail, advertising and in

-clude your web site address on all business correspondence ï Include an online form for your prospect to respond to your offer,

ï Build up a database from enquiries. Offering a free report on the subject of your products or

services that can be downloaded is a good way to build up a database of qualified prospects

ï Email your database regularly to keep them informed of new developments and offers. Alter

"-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research page 201 of 271 9. 3. 3. Web content layout

A good presentation of a SME on the Web must correctly address the people†s ability on focusing on a

certain topic/image/text ï People are able to focus their attention on particular stimuli

The consequences of these aspects on designing web interfaces are summarised below General guidelines ï More than one piece of information may be displayed on the screen at any one time using

static media (text or graphics) as long as the user is given control over the appearance and disappearance of the information

ï Users are likely to have little difficulty in attending to a particular passage of speech sound or

music while other auditory information is also being presented ï Information about substantially different subjects or topic areas should be removed from the

display (and from auditory channels) once a user begins to study a presentation about a new

o the medium of presentation is familiar to the user o the extraction of relevant information is easy

ï Users should be given the flexibility to â€oeswitch off†particular forms of output where they are not

ï Groups of information which users are intended to see as related should be given common perceptual features

Amazon com is an online book retailer that is valued at $120 million. It is one of the most successful examples on

the Internet. Within a few months of starting it became the largest book store in the world.

The UK version of Amazon com is Book Pages. This company has a loyalty points scheme to encourage customers to come back and

therefore create a community around their site Dell. com Computer manufacturers Dell sells over two million dollars worth of equipment every day.

Its success is due to using a built to order model. This allows customers to purchase a bespoke computer which

has been built according to their specification Musicroom. com Internet Music Shop is an online retailer of music CD's. The business

which was launched in May 1996 has been valued at £2. 2 million. They have succeeded in creating a strong online community

around their site with 40%of their orders coming from existing customers. Their site attracts 1000

visitors a day, and from this number 5%place orders. This is way above the industry standard in mail

This goes to show the power of the Internet as a sales channel -when things are done right

"-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research page 202 of 271 Do you know the target audience

Knowing your target audience is at the core in any type of marketing strategy. This is no different

from utilising the web as a marketing tool Users Are Scanners If you want a visitor to read your text,

be sure to make your point in the very first sentence of the page. After that you should try to keep them occupied with short

Navigation Try to create a navigation structure that is common for all the pages in your Web

menus of your site Download Speed Internet usability studies tell us that most visitors will leave a Web page that

takes more than 7 seconds to download. If your pages take a long time to download, you might consider removing some of your graphic or multimedia

content Let Your Audience Speak Feedback from your users is a very good thing. Your visitors are your customers

Very often they will give you some valuable wisdom, or advise you, completely free of charge, about what you could have done better.

If you provide a simple way to reach you, you will get a lot of positive input from a lot of people with dif

Use of core design principles Below are some examples of web sites considered good and less good,

-couraged to sample the websites listed and judge for themselves GOOD NOT SO GOOD 2entwine (www. 2entwine. com

-ours, responsible use of Flash, clear text. Top marks Apple (www. apple. com Apple's whole design philosophy centres on

Not a very good site, devoid of any struc -tured layout with a disparate collection of

"-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research page 203 of 271 imagery make this a great site to use

Appliance Studio www. appliancestudio. com A simple site with plenty of personality. This comes through neat writing and'contentful

'imagery. The design features plenty of white space, good contrast, and excellent layout. A pleasure to browse

Very good site from a highly successful interac -tion design firm. Very clean site with clearly

arranged information, leaves you with a feeling of trust. Needs to bring more information for

Her site is driven by high-value content, and the regular newsletter is an effective and flexible channel.

user friendly web form), lack of space be -tween navigation elements, small text Royal National Institute of the Blind

Although this is a well-written site, it totally compromised by illogical layout and garish colour choices

ticket purchasing site More traditional businesses are also finding success on the Internet. In the US which precedes the UK

in business trends-many small businesses are finding that 40%-50%of their business is now com

-ing from the Internet However a surprising success story was that of a local butcher who started selling specialty meats

through the Internet and the business took off to such a degree that he closed down his shop and now

trades exclusively over the Internet 9. 3. 4. Internet research While doing research on the internet the searcher has to deal, besides the large number of founded

entries (1), with two other issues: trustworthy information on the web (2) and deep web (3

1). The ability to reduce the number of founded entries and to find the needed information on the

Internet is a function of how precise the queries are and how effectively one uses search services

Poor queries return poor results; good queries return great results. Contrary to the hype surrounding "intelligent agents"and"artificial intelligenceâ€, the fact remains that search results are only as good as

"-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research page 204 of 271 solar system. Using the information"contained"in this statement,

either away"by the search engines or too variable to be useful (e g. planet or planets

*The wildcard tells the search engine to match all characters after it, preserving keyword slots and increasing coverage by 50%or more

way to ensure the search engines evaluate your query in the way you want, from left to right â€

"ï issue query to full Boolean search engine or metasearcher-full-Boolean engines give you this

metasearchers increase Web coverage by 3-to 4-fold("new planet*")AND (discover *OR find) AND("solar system

3) Searching on the Internet today can be compared to dragging a net across the surface of the

most of the Web's information is buried far down on dy -namically generated sites, and standard search engines never find it.

Traditional search engines cre -ate their indices by spidering or crawling surface Web pages. To be discovered, the page must be

static and linked to other pages. Traditional search engines can not"see "or retrieve content in the

deep Web-those pages do not exist until they are created dynamically as the result of a specific

search. Because traditional search engine crawlers can not probe beneath the surface, the deep Web has heretofore been hidden

ï The deep Web is qualitatively different from the surface Web. Deep Web sources store their

content in searchable databases that only produce results dynamically in response to a direct request.

But a direct query is a"one at a time"laborious way to search. Brightplanet's search technology automates the process of making dozens of direct queries simultaneously using

"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research page 205 of 271

multiple-thread technology and thus is the only search technology, so far, that is capable of

identifying, retrieving, qualifying, classifying, and organizing both"deep"and"surface"content ï Public information on the deep Web is currently 400 to 550 times larger than the commonly

defined World wide web. The deep Web contains 7, 500 terabytes of information compared to nineteen terabytes of information in the surface Web.

More than half of the deep Web content resides in topic-specific databases ï A full ninety-five per cent of the deep Web is publicly accessible information--not subject to

fees or subscriptions. Total quality content of the deep Web is 1, 000 to 2, 000 times greater

than that of the surface Web ï Deep Web content is highly relevant to every information need, market, and domain.

Deep Web sites tend to be narrower, with deeper content, than conventional surface sites. To put

these findings in perspective one has to consider that the search engines with the largest number of Web pages indexed (such as Google) index no more than sixteen per cent of the

surface Web. Since they are missing the deep web when they use such search engines Internet searchers are

therefore searching only 0. 03%--or one in 3, 000--of the pages avail -able to them today.

Clearly, simultaneous searching of multiple surface and deep Web sources is necessary when comprehensive information retrieval is needed

ï The searchable databases on the web can be classified in twelve categories 1. Topic Databases-subject-specific aggregations of information,

such as SEC corporate filings medical databases, patent records etc. 54%from the deep web is formed by these topic da

-tabases websites) e g. http://www. 10kwizard. com/,http://www. uspto. gov /2. Internal site-searchable databases for the internal pages of large sites that are dynamically

created, such as the knowledge base on the Microsoft site (13%)e g http://www. microsoft. com /3. Publications-searchable databases for current and archived articles (11%)e g

http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov /4. Shopping/Auction (5%)e g. http://www. flowerweb. nl/,http://www. locateaflowershop. com

/5. Classifieds (5%)e g. www. canadaeast. com /6. Portals-broader sites that included more than one of these other categories in searchable da

-tabases (3%)e g. www. searchindia. com 7. Library-searchable internal holdings, mostly for university libraries (2%)e g

www. lib. clemson. edu 8. Yellow and White Pages-people and business finders (2%)e g. www. anywho. com

9. Calculators-while not strictly databases, many do include an internal data component for cal

-culating results. Mortgage calculators, dictionary look ups, and translators between languages are examples (2%)e g. www. russiantranslation. ru

10. Jobs-job and resume postings (1%)e g. http://www. medicsolve. com /11. Message or Chat (1%)e g. www. multidbexpress. com

12. General Search-searchable databases most often relevant to Internet search topics and in -formation (1%)e g. http://www. cyndislist. com

/Sixties deep sites that already exceed the web surface by forty times, from which two thirds are fee

less (representing about 90%of the content available within this group of sixty), are available also at

Bright Planet 9. 3. 5. Resources Links ï http://www. w3schools. com/site/site tutorials. asp

ï http://www. w3schools. com/site/site glossary. asp ï http://www. killersites. com /ï http://www. vanderbilt. edu/create/tech

/ï http://www. dreamink. com/beginners/b1. shtml "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research

page 206 of 271 ï ttp://www. brightplanet. com/technology/deepweb. asp ï http://www. brightplanet. com/deepcontent/tutorials/search/index. asp

ï www. completeplanet. com ï http://www. virtualsalt. com/evalu8it. htm ï www. knobblycrab. co. uk/Webbrochure. pdf

ï www. undp. org/info21/e-com/e5. html ï http://www. web100. com/listings/business. html

ï http://www. webdesignfromscratch. com/best and worst. cfm "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-10.1. Human resources competence requirements for innovations

page 207 of 271 10. Human resources management policies to support innovation 10.1. Human resources competence requirements for innovations

10.1.1. What: what constitutes the requirements for the qualification of the employees 209 10.1.2. Why:

The role of human resources in the company†s ability for innovation...209 10.1.3. How: Systematic training management training concept...

209 10.1.3.1. Checklist: Typical questions related to further training concepts...211 10.1.4. Examples...212 10.1.5. Resource...

213 "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-10.1.0. Introduction page 208 of 271 10.1.0. Introduction The competence of enterprises to market new products and/or services, to keep their processes up

to date technologically and organisationally etc. †in other words to be innovative †depends to a high degree on their employees, their competence and knowledge

The great importance of training, further training, learning, human resource development etc. should not be neglected â€

nevertheless there are many SME enterprises that do not focus enough on these areas. Often they are lacking basic building blocks of Human resources Management

users to gain the basic principles needed for a professional Human resources Management in their individual SMES

Example Database â€oemarket place of experienceâ€oe The Gosch Consulting company (Consulting enterprise with 30 employees) has compiled a database

with the title â€oemarket place of experienceâ€oe. It is accessible via intranet and serves as an active knowl

-edge management. Here any problems and their solutions that crop up during the work are entered by the employees.

ï http://www. evfh-nuernberg. de/data/dbfiles/entwickl. doc Employees are the basis of social organisations.

/materialien/docs/papers/diw rn02-01-12. pdf Human capital and innovative regional networks †theoretic background and empirical re

http://www. fhso. ch/pdf/human/snp20 innovativ. pdf †Innovative employer":"Catalogue of criteria and evaluation concept for The swiss HR-cata

and interpret data to enable the identification of both staff and organisational performance improvement. Key in an TNA is to gain comprehensive

data on training needs, which amounts to answering the fundamental questions of: who, what, when

Tetra pak Processing UK used the latest Rockwell Automation PLC€ s, networks and software resulting in a significant improvement of the performance of Tetra pak Processing UK's food processing plant

customer sites, where their priority is to troubleshoot the problem and get the plant up and running as

ï a backup policy if things get difficult ï direction for utilizing limited resources "Innosupport:

Planning Software System Better stock man -agement Better warehouse management Larger product rota -tion (First in, First

www. employment-studies. co. uk/pubs/report. php? id=ssda0804 ï The Investors in People Standard is a straightforward,

-ness improvement through people and our website can provide you with all the information you need to get involved,

www. investorsinpeople. co. uk/IIP/Web/default. htm ï Learn & Work is a Leonardo project that specifically addressed the issue of analysing training

www. citeforma. pt/html/pub/lw/lw. htm ï Rockwell Automation PLC provides a case study of an TNA undertaken with Tetra pak

and made available in both hard copy and electronically on the website below www. ssda. org. uk/ssda/default. aspx?

The site also provides some case studies http://www. cicsc. org. uk/tvcbec. htm ï training reference. co. uk provides an overview of some of training providers that offer a TNA

ï Sirius Concepts Ltd provides diagnostic software for economic and business advisors, includ -ing TNAS for start-up businesses, rural businesses and social enterprises

www. sircon. co. uk/sirius-software/your focus. asp ï Trainingzone is one of the UK's most popular site for corporate training professionals with

an online network of 50,000 members. The site should also be of interest to SMES

www. trainingzone. co. uk ï Trainers'Library is an international online resource pool for trainers, HR managers and con

ï Use knowledge of employees and data to make decisions in a timely manner ï Tolerate mistakes of employees in pursuit of continuous improvement

5. Focus on Your Core Strengths†and Outsource Another way of using innovation to stay nimble and competitive is by focusing on competitive

http://www. entreworld. com/Managinggrowth/PDFS/SCANCH03. pdf "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-10.3. Creating a company culture for continuous innovation

monitors the changing needs of its markets ï designs products, processes and services around customer needs

closely monitors the changing needs of its markets ï successfully manages new ideas and innovation within the company through a structured ap

ï http://www. advantest. com/aac/Careers/culture. html A useful address for company culture

ï http://www. 24-7innovation. com/culturepressrelease. pdf The article of Shapiro, â€oecreating a company Culture that fosters Innovationâ€

ï http://www. vdi. de/vdi/vditz/kmu. pdf This paper aims at suggestions for political measures that help SMES to act in networks and

ï http://www. puscher-one. de/publikationen/Innovation in netzwerkenkurzversion. pdf "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-11.

ï http://www. fhv. at/res/ppe/forum/innovationsnetzwerke. pdf Innovation networks as a model of organisations of the future at the example of kumulus †the

/forfas040624 innovation networks webopt. pdf Study in 2003 to review Innovation Networks throughout Ireland and to contrast them with

ï http://www. oecd. org/dataoecd/35/8/2100869. pdf Paper about Innovation Networks and network policies

it is a core factor promoting development and growth in every sphere of life, in particular in the sphere of busi

and data that would ensure suc -cessful operation of the company and its targeted development,

shown in the form of user friendly tools that will help us to find the required information,

data or refer -ence material "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-12.1. Literature searches page 248 of 271

nevertheless, the Internet could be used more often as the most comprehensive and operational means of finding information

Internet The rapid development of information and communications technologies (ICT) provides an opportunity to obtain large and varied amounts of information from all over the world in a couple of minutes or

The most frequently used and popular resource is the Internet, which nowadays com -bines several functions †it is a library with an unprecedented volume of literature, space for communi

The internet search tools are quite easy to use and operational: you start your search by entering in

or more links to the Internet information. However, it is quite easy to find your way through

because you see the website, name and an excerpt from the text or comments enabling the reader to make a judgement about the contents of the found homepage and to

The most widely used and well known search engines "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-12.1. Literature searches

ï http://www. google. com ï http://www. alltheweb. com ï http://www. msn. com

ï http://www. yahoo. com 12.1.1.2. Databases The use of databases is a way to obtain extensive and exhaustive data,

as databases include various summaries of data, statistics, publications and other sources. Databases are available in various for

-mats †in printed form (e g.,, in library index cards and archived materials), in CDS (e g.,

, the annual statistical records), or in virtual form, i e.,, on the Internet It should be noted that the Internet is the most comprehensive and complete storage place of data

-bases, and an undoubted advantage is its range of search facilities, which should be characterised as

global because it is possible to find information on any topic from any part of the world very quickly

Another advantage is that databases are user friendly, because databases function exactly in the same way as the Internet search process (see the part a) Internet) â€

when you open a database there is a window in which to write the key word of the information you are looking for,

and a click on the search function will enable you to look at the information found according to your key word

You have to write the Key word>press search button>You will have the result As numerous and very diverse databases are available, e g.,

, databases containing references, publi -cations or other theoretical material, as well as databases aggregated by companies and statistical

agencies, but in order to find the required information it is advisable as the first step to use the Internet

search engine, then to select the most suitable databases and further to look into these databases for

the necessary information by applying the principle described above Example-Links International data base http://www. census. gov/ipc/www/idbnew. html

Computerized data bank containing statistical tables of demographic and socioeconomic data for 227 countries and areas of the world

Geohive †Global Statistics http://www. geohive. com /Geopolitical data, statistics on the human population of regions, countries, provinces and cities, some

statistics on economic factors and more "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-12.1. Literature searches page 250 of 271

12.1.1.3. Libraries and direct contact Libraries could be divided into three categories ï Conventional †where all the information is printed available in form

and can be found by using index cards or with the help of librarians ï Partially virtual †an electronic catalogue of the library can be found on the Internet, which

helps to check whether the sought literature, publications or other information is available at the library.

It is possible to reserve or order the material, however, the particular material will be available only in printed form.

In this case you also can ask the help of librarians ï Virtual †an electronic library where all information is fully available via the Internet †both the

catalogues and the materials. The search process is similar to that generally used for the pur

-pose of Internet searches (see part a) Internet) or by viewing the library website where there

are detailed instructions about doing an Internet search Example-Links Questia Online Library http://www. questia. com

/Internet Public library http://www. ipl. org The WWW Virtual Library http://vlib. org Direct contact is not the most efficient way of getting information

if compared to Internet searches which only take a click on the search button; establishment of direct contact will take much more time

Nevertheless direct contact is a perfect way of establishing or maintaining contacts for communication purposes, by which we can additionally get nonverbal information and feedback.

Due to direct contact, it is quite often possible to get some field-specific information and detailed comments pro

Depending on the type of the required information or specificity of data, it is possible to seek direct

First of all, set an objective â state what you want to find, what kind of information or data, â

choose a suitable resource for finding information †the Internet, databases, direct contact or other

Web links The most widely used and well known search engines ï http://www. google. com ï http://www. alltheweb. com

ï http://www. msn. com ï http://www. yahoo. com Databases ï http://www. census. gov/ipc/www/idbnew. html

International data base-Computerized data bank containing statistical tables of demographic and socioeconomic data for 227 countries and areas of the world

ï http://www. geohive. com /Geohive †Global Statistics-Geopolitical data, statistics on the human population of regions

countries, provinces and cities, some statistics on economic factors and more Libraries ï http://www. questia. com Questia Online Library

ï http://www. ipl. org Internet Public library ï http://vlib. org/The WWW Virtual Library

ï mpany Culture that fosters Innovation†"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-12.2. Foreign language competence page 253 of 271

12.2. Foreign language competence Introduction The manager of big company wakes up in the middle of the night.

In her dream she had presented her new, exciting product on a huge market square. A big crowd of people had been standing around her

friendly faces, open-minded, long beards and capes. She had praised the quality of the product, had

The website for â€oethe Business of Language†s Initiative†in North East England http://www. thebusinessoflanguage. org. uk/)points to an interesting fact:

Internet users are 3 times more likely to buy when addressed in their mother tongue Other reports present figures which show the importance of foreign languages for business.

website ecommerce) in the globalised market Gathering foreign lan -guage informa -tion like publi -cations and

patents Participating actively in international conferences and fairs Detecting in -ternational trends and challenges Foreign langu

can (and should) also use audio sources (discs, TV-spots, internet and other programmes to

ï Isn†t computer-based training a good alternative to courses I regard the learning with new types of media a useful learning instrument for exercises and

emails or faxes in the native language and introduce itself and its products Sending out the information in native languages significantly increased the response rate from the

Using the telephone Travel arrangements Introducing yourself and the company/department Informal meetings Formal meetings

Mail Fax, memos Business letters Business news Sales brochures Commercial & financial reports Technical reports Export documentation

emails, fax, memo Business letters Commercial & financial reports Technical reports Product description Offers and orders

Powerpoint presentation Design of documentation for the customer Rhetorical skills Negotiation skills Technical skills for searching for information

Internet Sites Online translation website: www. babelfish. altavista. com There are various training programmes and possibilities within the Leonardo Da vinci and

Sokrates Framework It†s impossible to list all of them and there are also changes from time to time-time.

emails and faxes. Useful model sentences for Business English and email writing can be found here as well

ï http://www. jobware. de/ra/rt/tc/index. html Here you can test your skills free of charge

ï http://www. englishtown. com online English learning platform ï http://www. ego4u. de Learning English online:

/This website contains many useful links for learning offers. Run by German Volkshochschule more appropriate for German users

but the links will be helpful also for learners from other countries ï http://www. esl-lab. com/index. htm

falling telecommunications costs, which are able to weave the world together ever more 12.3.2. Where are applied intercultural competencies in business

The internet and mass media are able to influence on costumers opinions during very short timeâ€

emails or faxes in the native language and introduce itself and its products Since sending out information in native languages,

Ventures Illustrated by Two Case Studies†(http://www. tu-freiberg. de/wwwfak6/paper/hinnertext. pdf

Facts and Internet Sites ï BBC: www. bbc. co. uk/worldservice/programmes/globalisation /ï National Centre for Languages (UK:

shared set of core values in the areas of labour standards, human rights and environmental practices between the UN and the business community http://www. unglobalcompact. org

-conomic arguments for globalisation, such as data demonstrating the positive contribution made by multinational corporations to economic development

9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research 9. 3. 1. Why to use and how to take advantage?

9. 3. 2. Presentation on the internet 9. 3. 3. Web content layout 9. 3. 4. Internet research

9. 3. 5. Resources 10. Human resources management policies to support ï¿innovation 10.1. Human resources competence requirements for innovations

10.1.0. Introduction 10.1.1. What: what constitutes the requirements for the qualification of the employees 10.1.2.

vorspann en. pdf Overview Acknowledgement Project Partners Preface

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