Journal of Knowledge management, Economics and Information technology 409 Special Issue December 2013 The Impact of Innovation in Romanian
ionicaoncoiu@yahoo. ro, Romania Small firms are big business in the aid of economic development.
about the majority of small and micro size firms that constitute the core of the economy.
substance of this upgrade though is situated in a great range of differences from country to country or integration groups, however, has
characterized by a high affinity for the activities via the Internet, taking into account the latest developments in the field
that constitute the core of the economy do not innovate. Most SME innovations are marginal improvements of already existing products, and
To collect data from interviewees a number of 730 companies were contacted by phone or email between January 2013 and June 2013
Research interviews will then deepen and expand the results of the questionnaire topics. The development and the design of the
questionnaire and the research interviews will obey and observe three The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized
would the input of a cluster analysis The present analysis also had the aim to investigate the state of
data We certainly have many casualties among SMES due to the incorrect application of innovation process,
Entrepreneurship Monitor, Rapport voor Bel en Vlaanderen 2006 17 Wickham, Philip A.,Strategic Entrepreneurship, Pearson, Fourth
24 www. alliedacademies. org/entrepreneurship/index. html 25 www. animmc. ro The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized
Data from 430 small and medium-sized enterprises were analyzed through hierarchical regression analysis and innovation was found to be a significant factor in both family and non-family
and long-term outlook (Anderson and Reeb 2003). These differences might be explained partly that family involvement affects activities and pro
The cross-sectional nature of the data collection limits potential findings, and it is unclear if similar results would be found in a com
reliable data. While this research combined two samples from different countries, evi -dence of how this process can enhance the study was presented.
sets of data in this study is consistent with prior research, suggesting that the direct im
performance data that could be verified independently Though recent research on family firms has begun to yield findings about perform
As core elements in the findings of this research, these concepts are essential, both individually
samples varied from the findings of the combined data sets in terms of nationality and industry. In order to test for country effects, the data were broken into two sub
-sets:( (1) US family and non-family respondents and (2) Australian family and non -family respondents.
The Australian data had less explanation in the family sample, and the adjusted R2 was 0. 15 but significant
comparable results for each data set. For example, the hierarchical model with the innovation variable in the US family data set explained 42%of the variance
and was sig -nificant at the 1%level (Î=2. 91, t=3. 09, p<.01.
As the data were collected from various industries, they were tested in further regres -sion analysis for possible industry effects.
The survey with a covering letter was dispersed in Australia and the USA via email and in
online survey was administered through three emails. The personal delivery method is ac -knowledged to increase response rates as completed responses can help (a) establish rap
gathered the data, and drafted the manuscript. MS contributed to the research design and performed the statistical analysis.
RJB contributed to the data analysis, coordination, and final editing. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript
Global entrepreneurship monitor. Report on high-expectation entrepreneurship. Wellesley: London Business School/Mazars/Babson Barney, J. 1991.
Expert systems with Applications, 27, 459†465 Cohen, WM, & Levinthal, DA. 1990). ) Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation.
Journal of Management Information systems, 18, 185†214 Grant, RM. 1996). ) Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm.
software of the mind. London: Mcgraw-hill Holt, DT, Rutherford, MW, & Kuratko, DF. 2010). ) Advancing the field of family business research:
) Information technology and the U s. economy. The American Economic Review, 91 (1), 1†32 Katz, N,
internet firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 47 (3), 263†286 Lichtenthaler, U, & Muethel, M. 2012).
Petrakis, PE, & Kostis, PC. 2012). ) The role of knowledge and trust in SMES. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1†20
Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2003 global report. Wellesley: Babson/London Business school/Kauffman Foundation Reynolds, PD, & White, SB.
Business intelligence Smith, WK, & Lewis, MW. 2011). ) Toward a theory of paradox: a dynamic equilibrium model of organizing.
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Fax:++34 9544 88300 http://ipts. jrc. ec. europa. eu /http://www. jrc. ec. europa. eu
ISBN 978-92-79-36413-6 (PDF ISSN 1831-9424 (online doi: 10.2791/71842 Luxembourg:
support, and more financial resources will be made available over the 2014-2020 programming period However, despite this considerable financial effort, the returns to research and innovation policy in the
and functioning regional innovation system, where the core actors and suitable investment priorities and to allocate resources efficiently are more easily identifiable.
is reproduced also by focusing exclusively on a number of core and peripheral EU regions, in order to
a single year (2010), was subsequently transform into a panel variable by combining it with the World
expenditures and R&d spillovers both display a positive and significant correlation with innovation. And finally, all socioeconomic variables included in the social filter index appear to be robust predictors of
same specification for the regions in the core of Europe. The estimates confirm the presence of significant
differences in the factors that affect innovation in the core and the periphery of Europe.
By contrast, core regions, whose quality of government institutions is generally much higher, benefit little in terms of innovation from further increases in quality of government.
Peripheral regions Core regions 1)( 2)( 3)( 4)( 5)( 6)( 7)( 8)( 9)( 10 Patents application (t-1)- 0. 571***0. 573***0. 570***0. 570***0. 569***0. 484***0. 482***0. 484
A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu
/How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop. europa. eu
You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758
ISBN 978-92-79-36413-6 (PDF doi: 10.2791/71842 Abstract Research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) are trying to introduce a new vision of innovation policy in
978-92-79-36413-6 (PDF L F-N A -2 6 5 6 2
dacian. coita@yahoo. com Sorin Teodor Constantin Unicredit Tiriac Bank S. A 2-4 Unirii Square, RO-410072, Oradea, Romania
SMES typically act as catalysts of economic growth and the scarce literature on OI in SMES indicates that small firms engaging in OI practices are more
behaviour, and resulting innovation capacities serve as catalysts to (developing economies (Benã¡cek, 1995; Peng, 2001;
personally for data collection whenever possible. Last but not least, the surveyed SMES were given the possibility to answer the questionnaire in their native language (with
In the following sections we describe our data in relation to these topics 3 A Characterization of Hungarian and Romanian SMES
the primary data for our explorative research was acquired through collaboration with well-established institutions as well as individual
In collecting data on SME innovativeness in terms of their new product/service introductionsvi, we have followed the prescriptions of the Oslo Manualvii (2005
The remaining data has produced a realistic overview of SME innovativeness in our sample and is summarized in
the industry and market contribute to creating a †realistic†outlook: â€oeeveryone works with †opinion leadersâ€.
images onto the website, establishing payment solutions, doing the advertising, etc. †When asked to describe a unique new product,
strategic outlook that is necessary for OI to be successful. Joint innovation efforts (and innovation activities in general) take time to generate beneficial financial results and
and interpreting innovation data Publications de l'OCDE Fletcher, D.,Helienek, E. & Zafirova, Z. 2009.
www. crestemidei. ro, easier access to innovation management best practice via various online and offline media
v Each participating SME€ s core area of operation was standardized using the Standard Industrial Classification
data collection) have stimulated participating SMES from Hungary and Romania to consider three aspects before reporting new product/service introductions.
accurate data for further analysis. Participants were very positive about this †educational†aspect of the study, as
Fax:++32-2 230 57 51 A free electronic version of this report is available through www. eua. be
In summary, a set of core issues and recommendations were agreed, as follows •recognition of the role of universities as a key partner in taking forward successful Smart Specialisation
The above set of core issues and recommendations could valuably feed into the assessment of RIS3 and monitoring and evaluation
4) Have local universities been involved in planning for the future programming period of EU Structural
The core question is how to design calls to meet common interests aligning regional development strategies with university research expertise and interests.
operating across European countries in previous programming periods of the Structural Funds. There are examples of good practice in the effective use of intermediaries,
the development of advanced services to enterprises, especially SMES, for example, intensive computing facilities, experimental platforms (e g. agro-materials platform, chemical and physical analysis services
CALMIP, which were aimed at implementing new facilities concerning intensive computing with SMES in the region.
Computation Centre involving all universities in the region) but the targeted level of involvement of SMES
aerospace and embedded systems, health (ageing, cancer and use of ITCS and agriculture and agronomics, which has had strong structuring effects.
e g. software engineering, renewable energies The National University of Ireland, Maynooth, had much experience of use of EU Structural and Social
and research in computer science and information and communication technologies, and including dedicated incubation space. Project financed at
important (e g. telecommunications, bioanalysis and therapeutics •Projects under the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB),
contribution to the programming and implementation of the EU funds, and that the use of the funds tends
this current programming period. Within the 2007-2013 Structural Funds programme, ESF was managed by the Department for Work and Pensions.
+32 2 230 55 44  Fax:++32 2 230 57 51  www. eua. be  Twitter:@
@euatweets The European University Association (EUA) is the representative organisation of universities and national rectors†conferences in 47 European countries
stakeholders through conferences, seminars, website and public ations
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission The societal impact of the World wide web--key challenges for the 21st century
the Web Digital Social Innovation The Young Foundation September 2010 Over 27 million Britons have a Facebook profilei,
40 per cent of internet users upload self-created content to the web, and the same amount post messages to chat sites
blogs and newsgroups. ii Nearly a quarter of UK mobile phones users now have a Smartphone, with over 18 per cent using their devices to access social media sites or
blogs. iii We know that digital technology is transforming our professional and social lives. But could it also be ushering in a new age of civic and political engagement
Studies show that people who access social media are more likely s to look at campaigns or engage with politics online. iv In the UK, during the Prime Ministerial
debates in the run up to the 2010 UK election, 36,483 Twitter users were active during the first debate 28,790 were active during the second debate. v Almost a
quarter of 18 to 24 year olds commented on politics via social networks during the election. vi
Local, national and international activists are building networks to do everything from getting millions of citizens to sign online petitions on climate change and human
rights or to invest in micro-enterprises in Mumbai or Mexico city. Government data is increasingly being made public,
improving transparency and allowing software programmers to create extra value from underused data by, for example, mapping
out injuries and deaths to cyclists on London†s roads. vii The Young Foundation researches
and tests the potential of digital technology as a tool for social change x Firstly, we seek out examples of digital social innovation:
how these technologies are expanding the horizons for social innovators looking to address needs in new and more effective ways
x Secondly, we look at local action: how technology can allow local communities to develop more effective ways of interacting with public
predominately through the web. For example, in Tower Hamlets, a London borough with a large Bangladeshi population, Maslaha has been working with the Primary
advice is provided on Maslaha†s diabetes website through videos in community languages. x Digital technology makes it much easier to expand the realms of social innovation
Innovation Camp†s bring together software developers and service designers with social innovators to build effective, web-based solutions to social problems, resulting
in digital innovations such as Mypolice-a tool for people to feed back their positive and negative experiences of contact with the police. xi
www. Fixmystreet. com is a website that allows users to easily report an issue with
Foundation has developed a framework to help local authorities use social media to improve the delivery of public services. xiii
Building upon the open data movement, www. Mydex. org-a new community interest company backed by the Young Foundation-aims to empower individuals by giving
them back control of their own data. The government holds data about citizens in hundreds of databases, with individuals having little control over it.
Mydex equips people with a platform for managing, sharing and realising the value of their
personal details and preferences Local Action Digital technologies are helping local communities organise local actions.
†hyperlocal mediaâ€), freely available web tools are assisting communities to become digitally empowered The Young Foundation†s Local 2. 0 programme aims to learn more about how
communities can be empowered using the web and is piloting several projects with four English local authorities:
Projects range from encouraging local people to write their own blogs and training for council officers on how to engage with communities via the web, to the creation
of community websites that help people connect with one another and discuss local issues. www. Fairstead. org is a new hyperlocal website developed as part of Local 2. 0
for a neighbourhood in King†s Lynn, West Norfolk. The website †created at low cost
through a partnership of local people and local agencies-aims to build local networks, improve communication between residents and agencies, and increase
levels of local action Leadership and entrepreneurship Digital technologies can reach into the handbags and homes of individuals who are
The new digital divides relate to usage, rather than access. More capable individuals and communities will grab the opportunities for empowerment afforded to them
per cent of internet users join in debates online or give opinions on social or political
i http://www. clickymedia. co. uk/2010/06/uk-facebook-statistics-for-june-2010 /ii http://www. statistics. gov. uk/pdfdir/iahi0809. pdf
iiihttp://www. comscore. com/Press events/Press releases/2010/3/UK LEADS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN SMARTPHONE A doption with 70 growth in past 12 months iv Ofcom Adults Media Literacy 2010
vi http://www. bbc. co. uk/blogs/thereporters/rorycellanjones/2010/05/so was it an internet election. html vii http://www. citybeast. com/londoncyclists. html
viii http://www. youngfoundation. org/our-work/ventures-and-investment/health -launchpad/portfolio/neuroresponse/neuroresponse
xiii http://www. youngfoundation. org/files/images/Listen participate transform. pdf xiv http://the-young-foundation. tagmap. co. uk
widespread use of the internet has transformed the way we live, work and communicate; globalisation and migration have helped to provide a myriad
also been echoed by the recent Business Panel on Future EU Innovation Policy, chaired by Diogo Vasconcelos. xi In their final report, †Reinvent Europe
through Innovation, †the Panel argues that within innovation policy, the †priority has been investing in knowledge rather than utilizing it rapidly and
The Panel proposed broadening the concept of innovation to include social innovation as well as business innovation.
Here, the Business Panel on Future EU Innovation Policy allude to a new kind of research which is multi-disciplinary
users 2. Global knowledge sourcing and collaborative networks 3. Global challenges as a driver of innovation
business area for private companies and a core driver of innovationâ€. Equally challenges facing the public sector †increasing demands from citizens for
European Technology Platforms Expert Group, the Business Panel on Future EU Innovation Policy and the European Research Area Board make a strong
users, using open source methods or crowd sourcing solutions. The view of innovation in the EU 2020 strategy risks being seen as somewhat top down
and omits many of the most exciting developments in the field such as user -centred innovation and open innovation.
or users and communities †but equally, some innovation developed by these sectors does not qualify as
It might be taken to include the Google search engine which arguably has created more value for society than even the value that
telecaptioners, text telephones, voice-recognition systems, voice synthesizers and screen readers. In the UK, the †direct payments†and †In Controlâ€
programmes gave people with disability direct control over public budgets and services far beyond any other public services (see chapter 3
The Internet came from within the US military and the early understanding of climate change from NASA
how to run web-based exchange systems, or road charging. But more often the elements of the new paradigm are not self-evident;
front line staff to understand the needs of users and better tailor their services accordingly. There are also many organisations which
Ideas can come from many sources-citizens, service users communities, front line staff, other sectors or other countries.
ideas, competitions and so on) and ways of engaging citizens, users and others in the design and development of solutions
feedback loops from users and specialists 4. Sustaining. This is when the idea becomes everyday practice.
business models, laws and regulations, data and infrastructures, and entirely new ways of thinking and doing.
software programming •†Push†in the form of effective supply, which comes from: first, the
potential beneficiaries and users often inspired by anger, suffering or compassion); ) second, the development of those ideas into
Data from the Johns Hopkins study also found astounding growth 35 rates within the nonprofit sector in all European countries where the sector†s
instead they collect data on the number of organisations with particular legal forms †that is, the number of social cooperatives, associations, social
internet have had also a profound effect on public services and have prompted a range of innovations
In each case we have tried to focus on examples where there is some data on impact and reach.
•Collaboration †with users, front line staff and other stakeholders and partnerships with organisations from the private, public and
•User Led †design processes enable both potential end users and existing front line staff, among other specialists, to be a driving
•End Result Focused †by using user-centred design techniques that source untapped specialists, Participle are able to design services
based on in depth user research (using ethnographic research methods such as user-observation, video diaries and group work) and †indirect researchâ€
which explores the policy context and the current state of public service provision; gathering new insights and developing ideas from those insights
rapidly testing solutions and getting feedback from users and front line staff to refine the ideas
The site received 120,000 unique visits and a total of 873,476 hits 40 These are remarkable participation rates, far exceeding similar experiments in
become tangled in a web of dysfunctional rules, regulations and procedures Kafka Brigades gather together all involved front line workers, managers and
appointment calendar, laboratory data, patient records, waiting list information from hospitals and so on Evaluations of the portal show that roughly one third of users seeking
information and advice on their health through Sundhed are reassured and choose to delay or not book a visit to their GP.
evaluations show that 91%of users consider that their personal information is safe as a result of the security measures used by the portal
their mobile phones. The project was piloted in Kenya and developed by Vodafone and its Kenya subsidiary, Safaricom.
The service is available to all Safaricom subscribers, regardless of whether they have a bank account or not
-PESA application is installed on SIM CARDS and works on all handsets M-PESA has revolutionised money transfer in Kenya and significantly
network of existing mobile phone services and kiosks, transforming them into M-PESA agencies where money can be deposited
and over 90%of users agreeing that M-PESA is a safe service to use.
With 70%of M-PESA users with at least one bank account as opposed to 40%of non-users, the
organisation has increased successfully the number of people using banking services, therefore making an important step towards greater financial
printing, carpet weaving gardening, furniture manufacture, paper recycling and car washing. The first 9 social cooperatives to be set up employ more than 150 people with mental
-peer micro-lending site, enables individuals to lend small sums of money to entrepreneurs on low incomes.
posted on the website, becoming available for scrutiny by potential investors Repayment is guaranteed as field partners are responsible for entrepreneurs
internet, thus preventing complex transactions and obscured effects and rendering use of money and impact of loan easy to measure.
research, to Google who provide support by means of internet advertising As a result of its strong network of supporters and partners, producing clear
are available to view on Triodos†website Civil society and the grant economy Civil society and the grant economy are rich sources of social innovation â€
rather than core costs. The lack of reliable and sustainable grant funding has left the sector vulnerable to outside shocks
create web-based social start-ups. lxxxiii Inspired by start-up and technology oriented events such as Barcamp, Hackday and Seedcamp, 2
Hackdays, like Barcamps, focus on early stage web applications, but they are far more intense; software developers code continuously for 24 hours
and prizes are given for the best hacks. Seedcamps are week long events which connect entrepreneurs with venture
witness them, directly from their mobile phone The SI Camp programme has three parts: a call for ideas, a two-and-a-half day
anyone can submit an idea or a problem which a web -based tool might be able to help solve-these are posted publicly online.
software developers, designers, marketing and business experts as well as those who have knowledge of specific areas of social need-to a two-and-a
into teams around selected ideas and asked to develop a website prototype over the next 2 days.
time with the web development company, Headshift and roughly 10 hours of development time with the development agency, the Creative Co-op
provided with a range of supports which include branding, web and tech support, policy work, media and PR and internal/external evaluations.
is new forms of mutual action between individuals †such as open source software and web-based social networking around issues such as the
management of chronic disease or childcare. Another trend is the rise of prosumption †that is, where users are also producers of services they
consume †this is especially the case in areas such as health and care education, recycling and energy management of the home. xc
communities, each community has its own local website. Each local website is updated and managed by a local mum,
thus allowing for the information and networking possibilities available to be specific to individual communities.
evidence and information from emails, blogging sites, and online forums on the site. A series of publications are produced to provide further general
guidance The website also facilitates a meet up scheme where mothers can meet each other in person.
Often these meetings result in new friendship and support circles (especially among those who have moved to a new area, or those who
wellbeing of its users and community cohesion. Other examples of time banking systems include the Degui Academy in Taiwan
Riversimple is creating the first, open source, highly energy efficient eco car Riversimple is a small company with the ability
Through this visual display, residents can see their greenhouse gas contributions in the areas of transportation
then share their climate actions with others via social networking. xcvii 66 4. Policies to support social innovation
such as the Internet (DARPA) and the World Wide Web (CERN. However, there are numerous structural features of
government that inhibit risk taking, experimentation and innovation. There are barriers and obstacles in the form of cost-based budgeting and
research community under one roof to promote user-centred innovation Mindlab†s involvement of citizens and businesses in public-sector innovation
2. Learning about the users 3. Analysis 4. Idea and concept 5. Test of new concepts
new approached to user-centred innovation, drawing on experiences of business, design and social science As well as bringing together local residents and county council staff members
also seeks to build capacity for user-centred innovation across the council SILK uses the †triple-diamond†design approach to innovation
involves users, front-line staff, and stakeholders such as senior managers or elected councillors, in setting out what is required from a
through a user-centred approach to research, which places value on the ideas and experiences of residents
was established in March 2008 as a spin-off of The next Generation Internet Foundation, a think tank focused on the social impact of technology.
•Innovation Exchange website-an online forum for sharing and developing ideas for social innovation
and Economics and the Internet of the Future. Workshops will be run to enhance co-creation of ideas and services
However, within the complex web of existing NHS and local government frameworks, innovation is notoriously difficult to deliver.
have been helped greatly by the ability of the web to draw in a far wider range of people and ideas-new online platforms are enabling people to take
Open source technology, such as wikis, †can make government decision-making more expert and more democraticâ€. cx Examples from the US and New zealand
web 2. 0 tools provided the best means of communicating widely at little cost Initially, and unsuccessfully, they tried to canvass public opinion through
social networking sites such as Myspace and Youtube. However, they decided that a wiki would be more appropriate †it was practical and easy to
and it was more †intellectual†than Facebook or Myspace. In addition, organisers felt that the open nature of the wiki matched
peak, the site received 10,000 visits in one day. cxiv Suggestions included a governance board of eminent kiwis, a minimum recruiting age for police and
commentary on claims of pending patent applications in computer architecture, software, and information security. The process goes through
stages of review and discussion, research for art preferences, evaluation before the top ten references and commentary are sent to the US Patent and
In addition to facilitating involvement from users, the initiative also enables accountability of the patenting process to the technical
users and so on. This knowledge is crucial in improving services and making government more accountable. Open models provide one approach for
Personal budgets involve users being allocated a budget to be used for ongoing care needs. They are based on the idea that individuals will be able to
and spent by the individual user 90 and personal budgets which councils administer according to the individual†s
of care, levels of satisfaction and empowering users. cxix One of the best examples from the UK is In Control, a UK based charity which
helps local authorities establish systems that give users greater financial autonomy over their own care. Currently 70,000 people in the UK receive
coherence, comprehensiveness or global outlook, and few developed channels exist for spreading skills, knowledge and experience.
or coalitions of service providers and users, to 93 apply for small sums of money to develop concepts.
The Business Panel on Future Innovation Policy notes that â€oethe current finance system is not fit for the new types of innovation required to address
comprehensiveness, or a global outlook. There are scattered elements of what is needed in civil service colleges, NGO training programmes, schools for
Silicon valley can be attributed largely to the clustering of technology firms which enabled networks, alliances and collaborations to flourish
According to a Business Panel on Future EU Innovation Policy for the European commission, closed innovation systems are no longer a viable
and user-led innovation, are highlighting the need for new metrics to measure innovation performance. cxlvi
data •In the UK, the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills has commissioned NESTA to develop a new †Innovation Index†to
However, data of this kind remains underdeveloped. There are nonetheless some interesting advancements across Europe: there are new perspectives on
of well-being requires both objective as well as subjective data. Some specific examples of a move beyond narrow economic indicators include the UNDP€ s
by a global network of †solvers†-Undertaking reviews of regulatory options/instruments to transform and open up opportunities for innovation
recommendations of the Business Panel on Future Innovation Policy. clxxi SIX, therefore, recommends that the following should be established across
•Developing materials, curriculum, case studies, open source materials •Coordinating universities, civil service colleges etc to work
PDF Accessed on 3 december 2009; Barroso, J. M. 2009) Political guidelines for the next commission Brussels:
http://ec. europa. eu/commission barroso/president/pdf/press 20090903 en. pdf Accessed on 3 december 2009 ii European commission (2009), †European Economic Forecast†European Economy 10
-EN. PDF Accessed on 3 december 2009 iv Nicholas Stern (2007) The Economics of Climate Change:
http://ec. europa. eu/environment/climat/pdf/final report2. pdf Accessed on 11 december 2009 vi Kemfert, Claudia (2005."
http://www. diw. de/documents/publikationen/73/diw 01. c. 43084. de/diw wr 2005-12. pdf Accessed on 11 december 2009
http://ec. europa. eu/research/erab/pdf/erab-first-annual -report-06102009 en. pdf. Accessed on 3 december 2009
x European Technology Platforms (2009), Strengthening the role of European Technology Platforms in addressing Europe†s Grand Challenges Available at:
-platforms/docs/i652-etp09-flyers en. pdf Accessed on 3 december 2009 xi European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent
Europe through innovation: From a knowledge society to an innovation society. Recommendations by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy.
Available at http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf. Accessed 3 December 2009
xii Ibid xiii Fora et al (2009) The New Nature of Innovation, p. 12 Available at
http://www. newnatureofinnovation. org/full report. pdf Accessed on 3 december 2009 xiv Aho, E (2006) Creating an Innovative Europe:
http://ec. europa. eu/invest-in-research/pdf/download en/aho report. pdf. Accessed 11 December 2009
http://www. eurofound. europa. eu/pubdocs/2009/82/en/1/EF0982EN. pdf Accessed on 11 December 2009
http://ec. europa. eu/energy efficiency/doc/2005 06 green paper book en. pdf. Accessed 11 December 2009 xxiii The Institute for America†s Future & The Center on Wisconsin Strategy (2004) New Energy
http://www. apolloalliance. org/downloads/jobs apolloreport 022404 122748. pdf Accessed 11 december 2009 xxiv J. A. Phills Jr.
xxxiii http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History of feminism 120 xxxivwww. disabilityhistory. org; http://bancroft. berkeley. edu/collections/drilm
ftp://ftp. cordis. europa. eu/pub/innovation-policy/studies/full study. pdf. For more information on procurement and commissioning see:
http://www. cabinetoffice. gov. uk/media/cabinetoffice/third sector/assets/psd action plan. pdf liv Mindlab at http://www. mind-lab. dk/en
http://www. istat. it/dati/catalogo/20080807 03/inf 08 04le cooperative sociali italia05. pdf lix P. Pattiniemi,(2009) Social Enterprise Leg islation in Finland.
http://www. rci. org. pl/download/080728/17. pdf lx George Leahy and Frank Villeneuve-Smith (2009) State of Social Enterprise Survey 2009
http://www. socialenterprise. org. uk/data files/stateofsocialenterprise2009. pdf lxi Robin Murray (2009) Danger and Opportunity:
aft. pdf lxivsouthwark Circle: http://www. southwarkcircle. org. uk/home. htm lxv See: http://www. epractice. eu/en/cases/colognepb
dget. pdf lxvii For more information on social enterprises and social entrepreneurship see, Alex Nicholls
-10 transversal eng. pdf lxx See for example, I. Bode, A Evers and A. Schulz,(2002) †Work Integration Social Enterprises
-muelheim. de/second/hausrat. html lxxv Mike Aiken and Ingo Bode, †Nonprofit organisations tackling unemployment in Germany
http://technology. open. ac. uk/cru/Nfpgermanyuk04vssn. pdf lxxvi http://ec. europa. eu/employment social/equal/data/document/etg2-suc6-synergia. pdf
lxxvii http://www. wikipreneurship. eu/index. php5? title=Koispe topsy lxxviii http://www. leros. gr/en/index. php?
categoryid=36 lxxixkiva at http://www. kiva. org /lxxx http://www. techcrunch. com/2009/11/01/four-years-after-founding-kiva-hits-100-million
http://www. sse. org. uk/uploads/File/SSE%20report%20041206. pdf lxxxvi See for example, Letts, C, Ryan, W,
http://www. evpa. eu. com/downloads/EVPA DIRECTORY 2010 WEB ISSUE1. pdf lxxxix Andrew Milner,(eds. 2009) †European Venture Philanthropy Directory 2009/2010â€
http://www. evpa. eu. com/downloads/EVPA DIRECTORY 2010 WEB ISSUE1. pdf xc Alvin Toffler (1980) The Third Wave.
www. corwm. org. uk/pdf%255 C0549%2520%2520 -%2520litrev 1. pdf+Evaluating+methods+for+public+participation:+
+Literature+review Accessed 9 january 2010 cix http://www. biggreenchallenge. org. uk /cx Noveck, B (2008) †Wiki Government:
http://www. democracyjournal. org/article. php? ID=6570 cxi Ibid cxii Mccardle, Hamish, †The case of the sneaky wiki†2008, not published
http://www. socialenterprise. org. uk/data files/stateofsocialenterprise2009. pdf cxvii Cabinet Office (2006), Partnersh ip In public Services:
http://www. cabinetoffice. gov. uk/media/cabinetoffice/third sector/assets/psd action plan. pdf Accessed 3 december 2009 cxviii Department of health (2009) Personal health budgets:
Quoted in http://www. scie. org. uk/publications/briefings/files/briefing20. pdf cxix in http://www. scie. org. uk/publications/briefings/files/briefing20. pdf
cxx Mulgan, G. 2006) Social Innovation: what it is, why it matters, how it can be accelerated
http://www. youngfoundation. org/files/images/Social venturing full pdf. pdf (accessed 13 January 2010 124 cxxii Research reveals a vicious cycle fuelling the persistent underfunding of overhead in the
http://www. youngfoundation. org/files/images/Social venturing full pdf. pdf (accessed 13 January 2010 cxxv Emerson, J, Freundlich, T,
cxxvi European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe through innovation: From a knowledge society to an innovation society.
by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy. Available online http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf (accessed 08
January 2010 cxxvii Edler, J.,et al. 2005) Innovation and Public Procurement: Rev iew of Issues at Stake, Study for
-policy/studies/full study. pdf cxxviii The †initiation, escalation and consolidation†model is discussed in: Edler, J.,et al.
ftp://ftp. cordis. europa. eu/pub/innovation-policy/studies/full study. pdf cxxix Cabinet Office †Office of the Third Sector.
http://www. cabinetoffice. gov. uk/media/cabinetoffice/third sector/assets/psd action plan. pdf cxxx LGA/CBI. 2008).
http://www. euclidnetwork. eu/data files/fco handbook final english. pdf (Accessed 13 January 2010 cxxxv ACEVO at www. acevo. org. uk
cxli European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe through innovation: From a knowledge society to an innovation society.
by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy, p. 25. Available online http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf
cxlii Op cit. pg 9 cxliii Op cit. pg 25 cxliv NESTA (2007) †Innovation in response to social challengesâ€, Policy Briefing, London
http://www. oecd. org/dataoecd/32/18/44227733. pdf. Accessed 7 January 2010 cl Ibid cli http://www. oecd. org/pages/0, 3417, en 40033426 40033828 1 1 1 1 1, 00. html
clii Stiglitz, J.,Sen, A. & Fitoussi, J. 2009) Report by the Commission on the Measurement of
http://www. oecd. org/dataoecd/32/18/44227733. pdf. Accessed 7 January 2010 clv Flyvbjerg, B.,Bruzelius, N.,&rothengatter, W. 2003) Megaprojects and Risk:
clvi These also try to estimate what non-users might value, whether through †altruistic useâ€
people incur to visit a site as a proxy for their valuation of that site.
a particular site clviii Social Value Added Working group of the EQUAL National Thematic Network for
-estimating-social-value-creation. pdf clx The emerging literature making use of the concept of public value includes Moore, M
http://phi. uhce. ox. ac. uk/pubs. php clxiv Dolan and Metcalfe. 2008) The impact of subjective wellbeing on local authority interventions
Information technologies and web 2. 0 tools are transforming how people interact, notwithstanding the necessity of physical space and meetings for the exchange of
and user participation. †See European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe through innovation:
From a knowledge society to an innovation society. Recommendations by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy
Available at http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf. Accessed 3 December 2009
clxxii"Unleashing the innovation potential of European SMES, "INNO-Partnering Forum†s view on the future European Innovation Plan, 8th december 2009
clxxiii European commission, DG Enterprise & Industry, Special Business Panel (2009) Reinvent Europe through innovation: From a knowledge society to an innovation society.
by a Business Panel on future EU innovation policy. Available at http://www. eurosfaire. prd. fr/7pc/doc/1261563738 business panel report en. pdf. Accessed 3
December 2009 Who does social innovation? Individuals, movements and organisations The uneasy symbiosis of †bees†and †treesâ€
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