Internet: http://europa. eu. int/comm/research/energy Interested in European research RTD info is our quarterly magazine keeping you in touch with main developments (results, programmes, events, etc
Internet: http://europa. eu. int/comm/research/rtdinfo/index en. html European Technology Platform Smartgrids Vision and Strategy
A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu. int
Just like the internet, the electricity grid will be interactive for both power generation sources and power consumption sinks (loads.
systems and telecommunications †together with other communications systems that use electricity supply networks as their delivery infrastructure †will serve as
characterised the popularity of the internet-how is Smartgrids preparing for success Many factors will shape future electricity networks and the actions and decisions
Internet-style inspiration One possible model for the electricity network of the future would be analogous
to the internet, in the sense that decision-making is distributed and that flows are bidirectional. Applying this concept to the electricity networks would lead to
It is important to emphasise the role of ICT †in particular telecommunications †in adapting electricity networks to the real time actions
which may not be supported fully by the present internet generation Even if the internet protocol is universal,
a serious effort is needed to effectively use communications equipment for a distributed real-time control of electricity networks
The real time performance of the internet as communication means is known to be very difficult to assess
In managing the transition to the internet-like model, it may be useful to consider concepts under development in a number of projects under the European
means that the active network represents a step towards the internet-like model Active management
internet-like model and its information and trading capability, rather than any hardware. Power is purchased
You can find the list of sales agents on the Publications Office website (http://publications. eu. int
-hold/commercial waste sites to take away their waste paint and retreat it. Newlife Paints also has
start-up Guide and a Web portal where technical guidance on measure -ment and relevant links are provided
website contains a wide range of resources that could be useful for eco -innovators www4. shwec. uwm. edu/shwec
construction site. Ecococon houses rely on a wood frame, straw as a thermal insulator, and clay
to the telecommunication sector, mainly accompany -ing companies with envi -ronmental management solutions and recycling
â€oefonebak†initiative was the world†s first mobile phone recycling scheme. The company saw an
web-based map that pro -vides information on the supplier policy towards sustainability and results of Patagonia†s audits in
Regularly scan websites, join groups and †¢network proactively to identify emerging eco-innovative technologies, materials and
site in Wales achieving a significant return on investment and reduction of materials sent to land
www. ecodesigncentrewales. org/sites/default/files /EDC ORANGEBOX ENABLINGECODESIGNINWELSHIN -dustry. pdf Crawford Hansford & Kimber a cleaner printed cicruit board
mtrl. com/portal/site/mtrl/Home â€oeinformation Inspiration†•supports ecodesign through combining infor -mation (materials, life extension etc.
via websites and online social networks rather than by simply talking â€oeat†customers through traditional media
Use social neworks (Facebook, Twitter, †¢Linkedin etc. selectively and carefully to promote product-related environmental
messages Develop press relationships with environ-†¢mental media and websites and communi -cate good new
Eco-innovate! A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches 51 eco-innovation
¢blog. seedrs. com Funding Circle articles†¢www. fundingcircle. com/about-us/in-the-news Get your eco-innovation idea off the ground:
en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Green dot %28symbol%29 p. 34: The Footprint Chroniclesâ Â source: www. patagonia. com/us/footprint
Visit our website to get open access to our reports, interactive database with charts and maps, EU country profiles as well as
anamarinoiu@yahoo. com http://www. rei. ase. ro Abstract: -The paper presents the results of a qualitative research on the perception and implementation of eco
†Social network Effects on the Extent of Innovation Diffusion: A Computer Simulationâ€, Organization Science, Vol. 8, No.
e-commerce in retail sales (3. 4%in 2010) and that of the Internet sector in European
downloads Main action 2: ensure that the European strategy for intellectual property rights is implemented rapidly and ambitiously, in particular by means of a
practices to the Commission services and published it on its website. According to the data gathered by BEREC, the majority of ISPS offer unrestricted Internet access
-to-peer (P2p) restrictions on fixed networks and Voice over internet Protocol (Voip restrictions on mobile networks. Additionally more than 36%of users are
Moreover, a recent Commission in depth market study on internet services provision from a consumer perspective showed that very little information was provided to
consumers on internet providers'websites on issues such as blocking/slowing down of services and download limits (94%and 56%respectively of websites assessed by
mystery shoppers provided no information on the aforementioned issues) 23 BEREC also investigated other aspects related to net neutrality,
in an Open Internet"on between 23 july and 15 october 2012. The Commission services are currently working on guidance that will include measures related to
or throttling policies or download limits 24 COM (2011) 851 final COM (2011) 851 final
impact on VAT rules and notably a possible alignment of offline and online VAT rates.
special schemes for non-established taxable persons supplying telecommunications services http://ec. europa. eu/taxation customs/common/legislation/proposals/taxation/index en. htm
established taxable persons supplying telecommunications, broadcasting or electronic services to non taxable persons (OJ L 249,14. 9. 2012, p. 3†10.
comparison websites, retailers, regulators, consumer organisations •map best practices in the comparison of products and services across different
Private operators of comparison websites have also been invited as speakers The initiative is horizontal in scope, covering various sectors such as retail, travel
In order to increase internet enforcement capability in the EU, the latter co-funds a large cooperation project involving a partnership of 16 national consumer
videos or music downloads, in order to verify compliance of such websites with EU consumer protection legislation.
Of the 333 websites checked, 76%were flagged for further investigation and will be followed-up by the competent national authorities in
2012 and 201335 Main action 7: adopt a â€oeeuropean Consumer Agenda†putting forward a strategy and initiatives to place consumers at the heart of the Single Market
comparison of products and services, including through comparison websites see above at page 11 Main action 8:
consumers from using unregulated sites Main action 9: Via the implementation of the Directive on falsified medicinal
identify sites providing the public with legal offers of medicinal products through distance sales (2013-2014) and, primarily by means of a report the
when buying on the Internet. Consumers will have to be provided with essential information before they order goods
bans pre-ticked boxes when offering additional services, internet cost traps and charges of which the consumer was informed not in advance.
acceptability, electronic delivery service and website authentication. The legislative process is ongoing 3. 3 RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT PAYMENT AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS
payments by card, internet or mobile phone, on the basis of a Green Paper adopted at the same time as this Communication with the aim of (i) assessing
standardisation and interoperability of payments by card, internet or mobile phone, and (iv) increasing the level of security of payments and data protection
As pointed out in its Green Paper on card, internet and mobile payments45, the Commission is working to promote an integrated European market for card, internet
and mobile payments for the benefits of consumers and merchants. The benefits stemming from a more integration market include
card, internet and mobile payments most of which are relevant in the context of e -commerce and online services.
•Obstacles for (web) merchants who wish to benefit from the cross-border or central acquiring of card payments
•Standardisation and inter-operability gaps for the provision of card, internet and mobile payments across the EU
"storage of information supplied by a recipient of the service"(hosting services such as social networks, web
In the L'Orã al/ebay case (July 2011) the Court clarified that"awareness"of illegal content can in particular be
of e-commerce, by using the internet to offer goods and services which are infringing IPRS
of counterfeit goods via the Internet concluded between 33 companies and trade associations and covering 39 different internet sites in Europe, focusses on disrupting
and deterring the supply side of the online counterfeit market and improving 49 http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/consultations/2012/clean-and-open-internet en. htm
investments in the EU telecoms markets. Regulatory consistency across Europe ensures that telecoms operators benefit from regulatory predictability and clarity
which are necessary for, in particular, the large scale investments required to roll out next generation networks capable of supporting the Digital Agenda for Europe's
In practice, however, national telecoms regulators use diverging costing methodologies to set copper -and fibre-based wholesale access prices in their
of Electronic communications (BEREC), individual national telecoms regulators market players as well as investors. The Commission services have in addition
High speed broadband Internet is the backbone of the digital single market. Hence the broadband targets of the Digital Agenda for Europe,
IT and telecom industry Main action 16: adopt a Communication on spectrum-sharing including a
which are crucial for access to high-speed Internet services such as E-commerce services As a first milestone of the RSPP implementation, the Commission adopted a
country is different to the obligation for web merchants to apply all requirements in the national law of the country of
comparison websites is important for consumers to be able to take full advantage of the Single Market
It allows web merchants to provide customers with rel -evant information •To limit the negative effects of Directive 2009/136/EC (the
technically not possible for web merchants. Besides that Ecommerce Europe would like to stress that the ability
Website: www. ecommerce-europe. eu Contact us at publicaffairs@ecommerce-europe. eu Twitter:@@Ecommerce eu
WARN-Count in xref table is 0 at offset 690722 Policy guidance Mar 2014 E-commerce, omni-channel
retail, and EU policy OUR MANIFESTO †SHOPPING FOR GROWTH€ Eurocommerce recently launched its manifesto †Shopping for Growthâ€.
of the computer and of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones, are changing dramatically in terms of behaviour and expectations as shoppers.
The growth of the internet and the power of the digital economy have opened new ways for
orders via the internet and through distance selling. The term electronic commerce or e -commerce was coined.
and online via web stores. More recently, with the growth and universal spread of mobile devices such as smartphones and
tablets, a fourth and rapidly expanding channel has been added: m-commerce, for mobile commerce Although each channel retains the unique characteristics that compel customers to engage
ï Significant development of digital commerce, including multi-channel and mobile ï More sophisticated and personalised communication with the consumer
that to be fully compliant one retailer needs 28 different websites with 28 terms and
new technologies such as 3g and 4g and a lack of new competitors (mobile virtual network
legitimate and unbiased review sites, accurate comparison websites, effective and robust trustmarks 1. 5. Fair and safe payment systems †payment systems that are cheaper and more
3. 1. Roll out of 4g and broadband-a single telecoms market-harmonise ICT standards 3. 2. Ensure people have the right e-skills to use the internet (social inclusion) and to
provide the necessary talents for e-businesses (jobs and enterprise creation 7 of 16 3. 3. Push for more use of digital processes in regional, national and EU government
disincentive to cross-border online and offline selling. In particular, SMES suffer most from this lack of harmonisation.
With the advent of the internet, the capture of data has become easier but also more sophisticated.
With the internet, some data are given with explicit consent, others are gathered with less obvious consent.
comparison websites/tools, trustmarks, review tools 1 Also see the Commissions communication on the proposed Data protection
the other hand, comparison websites should be clear about what and how they compare from
whether the buying occurs offline or online. This offers businesses a free way to show other
Market, those ICT systems sitting with internet providers, telecom providers, banks, postal operators, retailers, public authorities, etc. need to be able to †talk to each otherâ€.
In the offline world, we take the way we buy and sell products and services for granted.
access to high-speed internet for shopping online. If a consumer wants to buy online he often
consumers in some countries do not use the internet. On the other hand, for people with low mobility, the internet is provided a blessing they have the opportunity to learn how to use it
Digital inclusion is an important societal objective To develop online capabilities, businesses need to be able to tap into a wide pool of people
where relevant, integrate it with the offline world. It is striking that, in many Member States,
in the mould of the Internet or mobile telephony. The issue now is whether Europe can turn
telecommunications markets. This is particularly critical for the growth of broadband access Moreover, the benefits of enhanced telecoms
competition must be extended to businesses and consumers in the EU accession countries â ICT in the public sector. The executives we
telecommunications equipment and services Part I of the report assesses the economic impact of ICT, and is primarily based on empirical research
phones, personal computers (PCS) and the Internet appear to achieve the greatest economic benefit from ICT.
broadband access lines, mobile phones, PCS, Internet users and Internet servers per million population†with four qualitative variables:
quality of Internet connections and levels of e-business development, of online commerce, and of Internet/web literacy.
The ICT enablers index takes into account affordability of Internet access, telecoms market competition, security of the Internet infrastructure, government support for ICT development, laws governing the
Internet, ICT skills of the workforce and quality of ICT supporting services. When combined, these indices provide a
good measure of a country†s readiness to reap the benefits of technology Continued on page 14
12  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe†s productivity challenge
for Mobile Communications (GSM) standard, a breakthrough that enabled the growth of the region†s
highly competitive mobile services and equipment industry. Europe†s liberalisation of its telecoms markets, although patchily implemented, has also
encouraged competition and made voice, Internet and data communications more affordable to many businesses and households.
Boldness and imagination in other key areas will be crucial to Europe†s attempts to win further economic rewards from ICT in the future
director of government practice for Nokia Enterprise Solutions, â€oethe technology is available today to create
1. A deregulated and competitive telecoms sector 37 33 19 8 3 2. Government policies to promote diffusion
can be seen in Europe†s liberalisation of its telecoms markets, initiated in the late 1990s across the EU and
Government schemes to promote universal access to PCS and Internet 41 Development of e-democracy 15
providers big and small to Internet service markets and embarked on initiatives to give alternative
development of the GSM standard, and the rewards that accrued to consumers and mobile industry firms
uniformity of standard on the GSM model will not be feasible, but a technology†s ability to connect
We†ve highlighted the benefits that telecoms market liberalisation has brought to European businesses and consumers in the form of reduced costs and better
in the telecoms industry, for two main reasons â First, to prevent the rebuilding of virtual
of IT systems as well as telecoms services†remain barriers to productive ICT use in accession countries.
and an Internet-based system has been launched to enable cabinet meetings to be conducted online Meanwhile, an e-democracy website (dubbed â€oetoday
I'm Decidingâ€) has been in place for citizens for several years. The portal allows Estonians to comment on draft
the web Case study e-government†from the East 26  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004
firms such as Nokia, Ericsson and Philips have been extremely supportive of community-based pilot projects and often play prominent roles in them
important indicators of ICT diffusion, such as Internet use, are not relevant or available for earlier periods
2. Mobile phones penetration (per 100 population 3. Personal computers (number per 100 population 4. Internet users (per 100 population
Each indicator is transformed into an index scaled 1-10 (using minimum and maximum values of the indicator in our country sample.
the number of Internet servers per million population, broadband penetration and four qualitative variables from the e-readiness
quality of Internet connections, the development of e -business, the development of online commerce and the exposure of the population to the Internet
"Internet literacy "We also construct an index of †ICT enablers†(on a 1 -10 scale), indicators that are likely to be closely
associated with or conducive to ICT development These include â Affordability. The cost of 20hrs of Internet access
telecoms market â A qualitative indicator of the security of the Internet infrastructure â An indicator of the government's role
government encouragement and financing for ICT, and extent of censorship â An indicator of laws covering the use of the
Internet â An indicator of the ICT skills of the workforce â A measure of the quality of ICT supporting services
Telecoms, software and computer services 14 Professional services 12 Construction and real estate 8 Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology 8
1. A deregulated and competitive telecoms sector 37 33 19 8 3 2. Government policies to promote diffusion
Government schemes to promote universal access to PCS and Internet 41 Schemes to promote access to higher bandwidth services 36
Remote/mobile working 23 Enterprise resource planning 21 Technologies for knowledge capture and dissemination 21 Outsourcing of IT services 20
Remote/mobile working 23 Online sales and marketing channels 21 Enterprise resource planning 16 Outsourcing of IT services 14
Fax:( (44.20) 7499 9767 E-mail: london@eiu. com NEW YORK 111 West 57th street New york NY 10019
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INFO-Document is encrypted Fatal Error: 1: 1: Content is allowed not in prolog Education, technology and
Percentage of active internet users using microblogging...17 Figure E. 1. 3: Intranational Twitter followers outweigh their countries†share of the overall global Twitter
population...18 Figure E. 2. 1: Projections for progress from traditional towards rational-secular values in scenarios with
Internet censorship scores for political reasons, 2012.28 Figure E. 4. 3: Google user data requests...
29 Figure E. 4. 4: Percentage of user-data requests filed by governments where Google provided at least some
of the data requested...30 9 Introduction 1. 1. The context for this study and the European Strategy and
internet (although the question of whether it will still be possible for governments to restrict citizensâ€
access to the internet in 2030 arose, as did the impact of this on the relationship between governments
technologies. †Leapfrogging†has taken place in some ICT-related areas (e g. mobile phone adoption), but it is plausible that,
This trend is underpinned further by the fast growth of smartphones, tablets and other devices enabling
In fact, 24%of Europeans reported having accessed the internet through a mobile phone and 6 %reported using a tablet.
Similarly, the fact that only 17%of the population reported using the internet for looking for jobs
Percentage of active internet users using microblogging3 Source: Unimccann 2013 2. 2. Limited global connectedness Although there appears to be a quasi-univocal consensus on the sustained pace of the growth in
While the majority of the global population is projected to be connected to the web in the forthcoming
decades, internet traffic remains mainly domestic (Ghemawat & Altman 2012. Although social network 3 The term †active internet users†refers to individuals who use the internet every day or every other day (Unimccann
2012). ) Microblogging is the use of social network services specifically created for the sharing of brief entries and
content, such as Jaiku or Twitter 18 services are perceived as global platforms, 84.2%of Facebook relationships and a large percentage of
Twitter relationships were found to be clustered along country lines (Gonzalez et al. 2011; Kulshrestha et al.,
, 2012; Ugander et al. 2011), as illustrated in Figure E. 1. 3. Consequently, the future may be potentially
less globalised and more determined by local and national cultures and preferences as opposed to a rising
global value system based on the deepening and broadening of global networks Although the level of globalisation of connected technologies is uncertain,
there is some evidence that the use of these technologies may have significant impacts on the online and offline behaviour of users.
This influence, merging online and offline spheres, is exerted mainly through the potential to connect individuals, facilitate the flow of information
and change the options for self-expression and exerting influence over others. Ultimately, it is likely that the growing population of individuals using social
example, by exploiting social media to encourage healthy behaviour in adolescents (WHO 2012 Figure E. 1. 3:
Intranational Twitter followers outweigh their countries†share of the overall global Twitter population Source: Kulshresta et al.
2011 19 20 Chapter 3. Progress in technology will require society to reflect on values and ethics
At the same time, there is potential for a global culture to develop around the internet, in which users
questions arise over the future balance of cultures on the web (Dutton, Dutta and Law, 2011;
represented by the degree of access to the internet) and rational†secular values. The lack of such a
censoring and limiting internet use by individuals will continue to be present (Cave et al. 2009;
which assesses the technical features of national websites as well as e-government policies and strategies applied in general and by specific sectors for delivery of essential services (United nations, 2012
According to the literature, a positive relationship between internet penetration and democracy exists although the scale of the influence is not uniform.
For instance, although analysis found that internet penetration signiï cantly increased democracy ratings, this relationship varied signiï cantly by region
These findings suggest that the internet is not by itself sufficient to promote regime changes,
As extensions of the effects potentially exerted by offline networks online social networks have been found to be an effective influencing tool for political participation in
some cases, such as the 2010 elections for the US Congress (Bond 2012), but the effect of these tools and
participation into offline activism (Christensen 2011. Similarly, the evidence suggests that the use of social network services may be a tool for the empowerment of minorities.
However, minorities and young people †whose participation indicates that these services have a prodemocratic effect †are usually
which assesses the technical features of national websites as well as e-government policies and strategies applied in general and by specific sectors for delivery of essential services (United nations, 2012
Internet censorship scores for political reasons, 20128 Source: ONI (2012 Governments and public actors also engage in social media,
using it both as a tool for interaction with citizens and as a pool of data for surveillance purposes.
Another aspect of the interaction of values with the †network society†is the changing role that internet
websites cutting across a range of topics (e g. political, social and internet tools, such as Skype.
the web censorship category is focused primarily on websites that express views in opposition to those of the current
Google user data requests9 Source: Google transparency reports 9 The category includes the following countries, from
which Google reported having received requests (not all countries are reported to have filed requests in all years covered:
Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary Italy, The netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United kingdom. It comprises user-data requests, which
Percentage of user-data requests filed by governments where Google provided at least some of the data requested10
Google transparency reports However, it has to be kept in mind that data mining is not only a tool for the surveillance of citizens and
wildcards such as internet/surveillance policies of foreign states High Spread of rational†secular value systems will develop
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