telecommunication

Synopsis: Ict: Communication systems: Telecommunication:

Mainstreaming ICT-enabled innovation in education and training in EU_ policy actions for sustainability, scalability and impact at system level.pdf.txt

Fax:++34 954488300 http://ipts. jrc. ec. europa. eu http://www. jrc. ec. europa. eu

A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu

portals, websites blogs and wikis; promotional literature; video clips; and slideshow presentations In parallel, a number of consultation rounds with key educational stakeholders (policy-and decision

-makers, teachers, researchers, IT developers etc. were conducted to provide firsthand experiences of learning innovations and inputs from real settings for the development of policy

part in a webinar was organized by the etwinning Creative Classrooms Group. 7 Findings from the

7 http://groups. etwinning. net/web/creative-classroom/welcome 10 and implementation strategies of effective ICT-ELI with significant scale and/or impact at system

Future of Learning Linkedin Group; 11 the etwinning Creative Classrooms Group; 12 the 10 http://groups. etwinning. net/web/creative-classroom/welcome

13 European Civil Society Platform on Lifelong learning; 13 the European Forum on Learning Futures and Innovation;

website. 17 Survey analytics showed that most of participants entered the survey through a direct link from the

around 250 personal invitations sent by email. A small subset of the participants came from other

dissemination channels such as Linkedin, SCALE CCR webpage and etwinning Creative Classrooms Group. No reminders were sent,

11 http://www. linkedin. com/groups/Future-Learning-2266966/about 12 http://openeducationeuropa. eu/en/blogs/join-jrc-ipts-line-consultation-policy-recommendations

-mainstreaming-ict-enabled-innovation-le 13 http://www. eucis-lll. eu/news/public-consultations/ipts-online-consultation-up-scaling-creative-classrooms

-based e-portfolios that follow a web 2. 0/social media model. 142 62.7 Relevance according to four groups of participants

of offline meetings, all of which are directed towards fostering collaboration and network building rather than content delivery) is key to this...

and other stakeholders through online and/or offline networks (71.1%).%)Establishing and participating in teacher networks

pay or go to a licensed library to download) or (b) because they do not know that this research

-led research, control groups, experimental research, longitudinal studies, social networks analysis learning analytics, big data research, etc.

control groups, experimental research, longitudinal studies, social networks analysis learning analytics, big data research, etc. to the study of complex'ecosystems'of ICT-ELI

networking with other organisations and stakeholders across sites and also within the same organisation, in order to encourage the emergence and scaling up of learning innovations.

http://www. innovationunit. org/sites/default/files/Only%20connect%20 -%20a%20new%20paradigm%20for%20learning%20innovation%20in%20the%2021st%2

-based e-portfolios that follow a web 2. 0/social media model Encouraging a shift of ownership of assessment from teachers to learners by giving

control groups, experimental research, longitudinal studies, social networks analysis learning analytics, big data research, etc. to the study of complex'ecosystems'of

your email address (e g. john@email. com 42 Annex 2 â€ Workshop participants Participants in the expert workshop'Scaling up ICT-enabled innovation for learning:

that follow a web 2. 0/social media model 1. 4 3. 5 3. 5 6. 3 22.5 31.0 31.7 62.7

longitudinal studies, social networks analysis learning analytics, big data research, etc. to the study of complex'ecosystems'of ICT

that follow a web 2. 0/social media model 5. 58 1. 49) 66 5. 83

Management of patient information - trenda and challenges in member states - WHO 2012.pdf.txt

fax:++41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who. int Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications â€ whether for sale or for noncommercial

to install patient information systems at some sites, these require significant investments for their successful implementation.

telecommunication infrastructure and as countries develop the skills necessary to implement electronic data storage and transmission systems.

of telecommunications reform and availability of affordable ICT access; presence of data standards and regulatory frameworks;

sites for analysis. In order for this to work, there must be standards for representing the data and for

overlooked, with the result that many sites are unable to share data thus limiting the flow of information

and community health sites and primary health care centres. These are the first points of care

transferred offline using compact discs (CDS) or cassette tapes between data centres from the health care centre to the districts or central agency

such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAS and other wireless devices. mhealth applications include the use of mobile devices in

and retrieve clinical data across care boundaries and sites, and consists of over a million medical concepts.

and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have developed jointly a comprehensive resource on ehealth strategy and planning.

Mobile ehealth or mhealth encompasses the use of mobile telecommunication and multimedia technologies as they are integrated within increasingly mobile and wireless health care delivery systems

technology, ministries of telecommunications, academics, researchers, ehealth professionals nongovernmental organizations involved in ehealth, donors, and private sector partners

â€¢action concerning online child safety, Internet pharmacies, health information on the Internet and spam;

Internet ehealth policies â€ a systematic review Identify the uptake of ehealth policies across the globe and analyse

partners in all regions through virtual teleconferences. The range of partners included those from government, WHO regional and country offices, collaborating centres and professional associations

such as the International Telecommunications Union ITU) and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). An online forum to discuss

Data Collector, Datacol, is based a web tool that simplifies online form creation for data collection and

12 Web-based tool for online creation of forms in surveys developed by WHO 13 http://www. triplehelixinstitute. org

teleconferences One significant outcome during the survey implementation was the development of strong and productive

as mobile phone penetration, were introduced into the analysis for comparison purposes where relevant Results from the current survey were compared to those from the previous survey wherever possible

Telecommunications Union, 2009 (http://www. itu. int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2009/index. html

Micro and Small Business in the EU whats in it for you.pdf.txt

The Internet has opened a new world to us. Any kind of information is out there and this medium is more and more replacing printed

b) to list the most important websites that are relevant to micro and small businesses

website at http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/sme definition/sme user guide en. pdf 2. 2 Why is this relevant

as well as the links to the relevant websites and points of contact The European union has three key funding instruments to support SMES

which are published once a year by the European commission on FP7 website Certain topics are dedicated to SMES

and to apply for grants you can visit the website of the European Research Council

website http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/dc/index. cfm In order to provide help and advices to the participants of FP7,

states on the website of the FP7 programme. The network is based on existing national and regional

and access to transport and telecommunications services of general economic interest http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/thefunds/regional/index en. cfm

The following web link will give you information on transnational cooperation and eligible regions http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/images/map/cooperat2007/transnational/transnat mosaic. pdf

website at the beginning of each year http://ec. europa. eu/transport/marcopolo/about/index en. htm 4. 4. 3 European Lifelong learning Programme

telephone to give Mr van Rompuy a call. So who do you call It is a well-known problem to the EU that small businesses have difficulties getting

You can write to the EU SME Envoy at the following email address entr-sme-envoy@ec. europa. eu

This link provides an overview of telephone and fax numbers and postal addresses, see the list of Con

-tact points within the EU institutions, agencies and other bodies Europe Direct Tel: 00 800 67 89 10 11 (free of charge throughout the EU

http://ec. europa. eu/solvit/site/index en. htm SOLVIT is designed to solve problems encountered by both citizens and businesses in case an EU Mem

On this website you can find booklets issued by the Commission answering questions you may have

The website provides you with a guide with thematic and sectorial access to locally relevant energy

National contact points can be found through the web link European Documentation Centres http://europa. eu/europedirect/meet us/directory/index en. htm

Each national representationâ€ s website provides the address of regional representations as well http://europa. eu/whoiswho/public/index. cfm?

The following website helps you to find the representations of the EU institutions in your country

+32 2 639 62 31 â€¢Fax:++32 2 644 90 17 E-mail: secretariat@esba-europe. org

Mid-WestResearchandInnovationStrategy2014-2018.pdf.txt

9 http://www. wheel. ie/sites/default/files/Consultation%20process%20on%20partnership%20agreement%202014%20

Email: info@mwra. ie Tel: 067 33197 www. mwra. ie

MIS2014_without_Annex_4.pdf.txt

International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland www. itu. int

ISBN 978-92-61-14661-0 SAP id 9 7 8 9 2 6 1 1 5 2 9 1 8

3 9 4 6 4 Price: 86 CHF Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2014 Photo credits: Shutterstock

International Telecommunication Union Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland Original language of publication: English

International Telecommunication Union ISBN 978-92-61-15291-8 ii Foreword iii I am pleased to present to you the 2014 edition of the Measuring the Information

end 2014, almost 3 billion people will be using the Internet, up from 2. 7 billion at end

While the growth in mobile-cellular subscriptions is slowing as the market reaches saturation levels, mobile broadband remains the fastest growing market segment, with

and mobile broadband is six times more affordable in developed countries than in developing countries. Income inequalities within countries

Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT International Telecommunication Union subscription still represents more than 5 per cent of household income for over half of the population

For these income groups, mobile broadband may be the affordable alternative An enabling telecommunication regulatory environment can significantly influence the affordability of

services. The report finds that the price of ICT services falls with better market regulation and increased

per cent and mobile-cellular prices by 5 per cent if competition and/or the regulatory framework

telecommunication sector, for use in social and economic development policy and for monitoring the future information society

Statistics Division within the Telecommunication Development Bureau of ITU. The team included Susan Teltscher (Head of Division), Esperanza Magpantay, Vanessa Gray, Ivan Vallejo, Lisa Kreuzenbeck

Project Support and Knowledge management Department, Telecommunication Development Bureau The report includes data from Eurostat, OECD, IMF, Informa, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, the

1. 4 Revenue and investment in the telecommunication sector...13 1. 5 Use of ICTS...

4. 2 Fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices...108 4. 3 Broadband prices...114 4. 4 Income inequality and broadband prices...

4. 5 The impact of competition and regulation on telecommunication prices...152 Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development...

5. 3 Telecommunication data and their potential for big data analytics...181 5. 4 Big data from mobile telecommunications for development and for better monitoring...

185 5. 5 Challenges and the way forward...195 Chapter 5 Annex...207 List of references...

1. 1 Fixed-telephone subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region

1. 2 Mobile-cellular subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region

1. 4 Active mobile-broadband subscriptions by level of development, 2007-2014 (left) and by region

1. 6 Rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network, 2009-2012.8 1. 7 Fibre and microwave routes, share of route kilometres (left)

1. 8 Total International Internet bandwidth (Gbit/s), by level of development (left) and regional share

1. 9 International Internet bandwidth (bit/s) per Internet user, by region, 2004 and 2013.10 1. 10 Percentage of households with Internet access, by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and

1. 13 Telecommunication revenues, world and by level of development, 2007-2012, total in USD

1. 14 Annual investment by telecommunication operators, world and by level of development 2007-2012, total in USD (left) and annual growth (right...

1. 15 Individuals using the Internet, by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region

1. 16 Growth in daily Google searches, 2007-2013.16 1. 17 Growth in Facebook monthly active users, 2004-2013 (millions of users...

17 1. 18 Wikipedia articles â€ total and English language, 2003-2013 (thousands of articles...17

1. 19 Fixed-broadband access in enterprises using the Internet, selected countries, 2005-2012.19 1. 20 E-government Development Index (EGDI), 2003-2014.20

ix 1. 21 E-government services provided by countries (transactional services, left, and e-participation

3. 3 Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2012 and 2013, Africa...87 3. 4 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages

3. 11 Percentage of Individuals using the Internet, Europe compared to global and developed country average, 2013.100

4. 1 Fixed-telephone basket (left) and mobile-cellular basket (right), in PPP$, world and by level of

4. 2 Fixed-telephone basket (left) and mobile-cellular basket (right), as a percentage of GNI p. c

4. 11 Availability of mobile-broadband services by type of service, by level of development

4. 12 Mobile-broadband prices, in PPP$, world and by level of development, 2013.217 4. 13 Mobile-broadband prices, in USD, world and by level of development, 2013.128

4. 14 Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,world and by level of

development, 2013.128 xi 4. 15 Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,by region, 2013.129

4. 16 Comparison of postpaid fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband prices, in USD, by region, 2013.130

4. 24 Variation in mobile-cellular prices(%)explained by each variable, 2013.165 List of figures

4. 1 Mobile-broadband services by type of device/plan...125 4. 2 Relationship between regulation, competition and prices...

5. 2 An overview of telecom network data...182 5. 3 Customer profiling using telecom big data...

184 xii List of boxes 1. 1 Final review of the WSIS targets: Achievements, challenges and the way forward...

5. 2 How Twitter helps understand key post-2015 development concerns...179 5. 3 How mobile operators currently use data to track service uptake, business performance and

1. 1 Rural population covered by a mobile-cellular signal, 2012.4 1. 2 Total Internet domain registrations by world region, 2003,2008 and 2013.18

2. 1 IDI values and changes, 2012 and 2013.41 2. 2 ICT Development Index (IDI), 2012 and 2013.42

4. 1 Fixed-telephone sub-basket, 2013.112 4. 2 Mobile-cellular sub-basket, 2013.113 4. 3 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,by region, 2013.116

4. 4 Fixed-broadband sub-basket, 2013.124 4. 5 Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid handset-based 500 MB, 2013.132

4. 6 Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid handset-based 500 MB, 2013.134 4. 7 Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.136

4. 8 Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.138 4. 9 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of household disposable income, selected

countries, 2013.144 4. 10 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of household consumption expenditure selected countries, 2013.145

xv 4. 11 Prepaid handset-based mobile-broadband (500 MB/month) prices as a percentage of

global mobile-cellular market is approaching saturation levels, mobile-broadband uptake continues to grow at double-digit rates in all

Internet usage, with growth in the number of Internet users in all countries and increasing availability of online content, much of which is

user-created through social media applications and platforms (e g. Twitter, Youtube, Whatsapp With more and more applications now available

through mobile platforms (mobile apps), and the strong growth in mobile Internet uptake, an increasing number of people are joining, and

participating actively in, the information society While the information society is growing worldwide, digital divides remain â€

and are even widening â€ in some segments. In particular, there is a significant and persistent urban-rural digital

Internet services and the higher levels of skills required to make effective use of online content

telecom sector. Then, a number of key indicators will be presented concerning ICT uptake by individuals, businesses and public organizations

social media. The final part of the chapter will discuss emerging issues related to information -society measurements, in particular in the context

around a dozen countries where fixed-telephone uptake has increased actually over the past year. 1

Fixed-telephone penetration decreased by about 2 per cent globally in the past year, and will drop

The decline in fixed-telephone subscriptions over the past decade was accompanied by strong growth in the mobile-cellular market

until 2010, at which point mobile-cellular growth rates dropped to single digits, and they have continued to slow down since then

In 2014, global growth in mobile penetration will be at a ten-year low of 2. 6 per cent, as the

there will be almost as many mobile-cellular subscriptions (6. 9 billion) as people On earth more than three quarters of them (5. 4 billion

does not mean that everyone has a mobile phone â€ since many people have more than one

strongest mobile-cellular growth, and the lowest penetration rates, which will reach 69 per cent

Fixed-telephone subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region, 2014 *right

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 39.2 26.3 24.9 15.8 12.7 8. 7 1. 3

the fixed-telephone market is shrinking and the mobile-cellular market is tapering off. In addition mobile-cellular population coverage has reached

that are covered not by a mobile-cellular signal Table 1. 1). Even though rural population coverage is very high, at 87 per cent globally, at

or is using a mobile Chart 1. 2: Mobile-cellular subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 162.7 124.7 109.9 108.5 96.4 89.2 69.3 0 20

number of mobile phone users (Partnership, 2014 No regular pattern can be established, though and the difference between mobile-phone user

penetration and mobile-cellular subscription penetration ranges between 8 per cent (France and 111 per cent (Panama) across countries

According to GSMA estimates, unique mobile subscribers account for about half of mobile -cellular subscriptions, which would translate into

Third, household access to a telephone is still not the norm in many developing countries

cent of households had a telephone (up from 9 per cent ten years earlier. In addition, there were

having access to a telephone compared with 54 per cent of rural households. 3 Household

telephone penetration in Malawi stood at 36 per cent in 2011 â€ 73 per cent in urban households

gap in household telephone access prevails in many developing countries for which data are available, but is closing with the availability of

broadband Internet continues to be a priority for telecommunication service providers and governments in most countries.

This is reflected in the continuous growth in the number of mobile -and fixed-broadband subscriptions worldwide

Rural population covered by a mobile-cellular signal, 2012 Source: Partnership (2014) based on ITU data

Overall mobile-cellular population coverage %Rural population covered %Rural population covered (millions Rural population not

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 27.7 16.7 14.3 9. 8 7. 7 3. 1

Chart 1. 4). Mobile broadband is growing fastest in developing countries, where growth rates over the last year are expected to be twice as

devices (smartphones) and types of plan on offer in the market Nevertheless, the divide between developed and

countries, 3g subscriptions overtook 2g subscriptions in 2010 and 3g growth is flattening In developing countries, the large majority of

subscriptions are still 2g, but 3g is growing rapidly and will overtake 2g subscriptions in a

few years. 4g4 services came onto the market only recently and 4g subscriptions still account

for only a small market share in both developed and developing countries The data on fixed-and mobile-broadband

uptake confirm what has been observed on the ground. In developed countries, fixed -broadband infrastructure and services were

countries, and before fast mobile-broadband services and smartphones entered the market This has contributed to the higher uptake of

fixed broadband in developed countries. In Chart 1. 4: Active mobile-broadband subscriptions by level of development, 2007-2014 (left) and by

region, 2014*(right Note:**Estimate Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 83.7 32.0 21.1

6. 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Developed World Developing

Furthermore, the mobile market has benefited from a more liberal regulatory approach than the fixed market

smartphone, tablet) and SIM CARDS Looking towards the future, the growth potential for mobile broadband looks promising, as

data based on ITU and Telecom Advisory Services calculations more and more countries upgrade their mobile networks. As mentioned earlier, 2g population

coverage stands at over 90 per cent worldwide Data on 3g population coverage are less

available. According to ITU estimates, global 3g population coverage stood at around 50 per cent by end 2012,

and there were still sizeable rural -urban gaps. Rural population coverage ranged from 100 per cent in the Gulf countries of United

more and more countries are deploying 3g +technologies and services, and given the strong growth in mobile-broadband subscriptions.

At the same time, the issue of spectrum allocation will have to be addressed to ensure that the

backbone capacities and international Internet bandwidth. Indeed, without further deployment of backbone infrastructure, service providers are

3g 4g %1g 2g 3g 4g %0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

90 100 Developing countries Chapter 1. Recent information society developments 8 Chart 1. 6: Rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network, 2009-2012

Source: Partnership (2014) based on ITU data Percentage of rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile

network 2012 or 2011 Percentage of rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network 2010

Percentage of rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network 2009 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 11 31 32 32

34 36 38 41 42 42 46 50 50 50 55 55 58 60 61

63 65 68 69 69 77 77 77 78 81 84 86 87 88 88

is the amount of international Internet bandwidth available in countries and regions such bandwidth being a key requirement for

Over the past decade, international Internet bandwidth has climbed sharply, from around 1 600 Gbit/s in 2001 to 60 400 Gbit/s in 2010 and

ITU Trends in Telecommunication Reform, 2014 of the world. Growth in international bandwidth has been strong in all regions, and the share

leads by far in terms of international Internet bandwidth, accounting for more than 50 per cent of the worldâ€ s total (2013), compared with

Europeâ€ s leadership in international Internet bandwidth is explained by the advanced level of broadband adoption and usage

Internet. As a result, the Internet backbone network in the region is interlinked by means of several Internet exchange points (IXPS

that interconnect national networks and give them access to the global Internet. Indeed some of the worldâ€ s largest IXPS are located

in Europe and have an international reach such as for instance the German Commercial Internet Exchange (DE-CIX), the Amsterdam

Internet Exchange or the London Internet Exchange. 6 The United kingdom stands out as a prominent global hub for international

3%2 %85 %4 %6 %Africa Arab States Asia & Pacific CIS The americas 0. 4

0. 7 2. 6 1. 6 1. 3 0 0. 5 1. 0 1. 5

Total international Internet bandwidth (Gbit/s), by level of development (left) and regional share right), 2004-2013

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database connectivity, because of the strong internal demand and also its location:

Internet bandwidth in the UK accounts for almost twice as much as Africa, Arab States and CIS combined,

available international bandwidth on Internet 0 20'000 40'000 60'000 80'000 100'000

per Internet user. This indicator has increased significantly between 2004 and 2013. There are huge differences, however, between developed

Household access to the Internet is the ultimate way of guaranteeing an inclusive information society in which all people, irrespective of age

level of disability, can access the Internet within the privacy and proximity of their own home. A

Internet will eventually ensure access for all households nationwide. Household access is also mostly shared access, whereby all family

International Internet bandwidth (bit/s) per Internet user, by region, 2004 and 2013 Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database

221 420 1'213 702 4'384 11'572 8'074 19'037 21'472

43'072 53'992 -10'000 20'000 30'000 40'000 50'000 60'000

in Africa have Internet, and growth remains at a high 18.4 per cent, which is more than twice the

highest number of households with Internet Chart 1. 10: Percentage of households with Internet access, by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 78.0 57.4 53.0 43.6 36.0 35.9 11.1 0 10

Internet As is the case with other indicators, there is a significant urban-rural divide when it comes to

that household Internet penetration in urban areas is 4 per cent higher than in rural areas

Internet than rural households (Partnership 2014). 8 Available data also show that Internet access in rural households is growing slowly

78.4 43.6 31.2 5. 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 %Developed

households from purchasing Internet services At the same time, the benefits brought by ICTS and the Internet are especially impactful in

rural areas, which often also lack access to other infrastructure and public services. Therefore connecting rural households to broadband

Internet plays a greater role in those areas. Data on public access is collected by ITU through its

such as privately operated Internet cafes, as well as community-type facilities, which typically provide Internet access free of charge.

also constitute an important location for Internet access, especially in rural areas, although access is limited often to students and teachers and

role in terms of providing access to the Internet they are open to the public, their branches are

the Internet, even though 31 per cent of post offices have a broadband Internet connection Chartâ 1. 11), with major differences across regions

Chart 1. 12. These numbers refer to 2012, and have increased most probably somewhat today Nevertheless, there is huge potential if all post

offices were provided with broadband Internet and offered this as a service to the public According to the Universal Postal Union (UPU

Internet access and post offices with broadband Internet access, 2012, by level of development Note: Simple averages

small towns had access to the Internet, while with 60 per cent coverage half of all rural areas

to the Internet in public libraries from 2007 to 2009.10 While the results point to improvements

in the telecommunication sector In 2012, total telecommunication revenue stagnated at around USD 1. 88 trillion,

or 2. 7 per cent of world GDP (Chart 1. 13 After the slump experienced during the

The evolution of telecommunication revenues in developed countries follows the overall pattern of their economies as a whole (in

telecommunication services. In addition to the adverse economic context, the voice market in developed countries is declining or reaching

growth in telecommunication revenues in 2012 hence mitigating the global decrease in revenues experienced in 2012.

progress of telecommunication revenues seen Chart 1. 13: Telecommunication revenues, world and by level of development, 2007-2012, total in USD

left) and annual growth (right Note: â€ Worldâ€ includes 103 countries accounting for 96 per cent of world GDP. â€ Developedâ€ includes 40 developed countries accounting for 99 per cent of total

countriesâ€ share of total telecommunication revenues increased from 26 per cent in 2007 to 32 per cent in 2012, thus approaching their

the telecommunication sector in the economic growth of the developing world. For example, in the recent revision of Nigeriaâ€ s GDP, it was found

that the telecommunication industry accounted for more than a quarter of the upgrade in GDP. 12

telecommunications, which is fundamental to supporting ICT uptake and innovation. In 2012 investment grew by 4 per cent to USD 307 billion

telecommunication investment persisted in 2009 -2 per cent. The overall economic environment of restricted access to capital markets and the

telecommunication infrastructure and services has been more stable, with a smaller drop in 2008(-4 per cent) and moderate growth in the

share of global telecommunication revenues generated in developing countries 32 per cent The investment-to-revenue ratio in the

telecommunication sector stood at 17 per Chart 1. 14: Annual investment by telecommunication operators, world and by level of development

2007-2012, total in USD (left) and annual growth (right Note: â€ Worldâ€ includes countries accounting for 91 per cent of world GDP. â€ Developedâ€ includes 35 developed countries accounting for 98 per cent of total GDP

telecommunication services, USD 17 were reinvested in capital expenditure (i e. in upgrading the fixed assets needed to extend

and improve telecommunication services. The investment-to-revenue ratio was somewhat lower in developed countries (15 per cent) than

On the one hand, telecommunications is a capital-intensive industry and part of the capital investments are delivered by global

Internet users ITU estimates that, by end 2014, almost 3 billion people will be using the Internet, corresponding

to a global penetration rate of 40.4 per cent (Chart 1. 15. This compares to 2. 7 billion people and 38

using the Internet, 90 per cent of whom live in the developing world. While more than three out of

Nevertheless, Internet usage is growing steadily, at 6. 6 per cent in 2014 â€ 3. 3 per cent

countries, the number of Internet users will have doubled in five years (2009-2014), and two-thirds

of todayâ€ s Internet users live in the developing world. Growth rates are highest in LDCS (13 per

Individuals using the Internet, by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region 2014*(right

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 78.3 40.4 32.4 8. 0 %0 10 20 30

Internet usage varies considerably across regions. In Europe, Internet usage on average is approaching saturation levels, with almost 75 per

cent penetration and low growth of 2. 3 per cent during the past year. In Africa, the region with the

lowest Internet penetration rate (19 per cent Internet usage is growing strongly at 13 per cent

and almost twice as many people will be online by the end of this year compared with only four

of the worldâ€ s Internet users live in this region The two countries combined are home to around

860â million Internet users, almost 30 per cent of the worldâ€ s total and 66 per cent of Internet users

in the Asia-Pacific region. Penetration rates in the two countries differ greatly, though, reflecting

of Internet users in China is 46 per cent, it is only 18â per cent in India

Internet usage in The americas region is relatively high: with almost 66 per cent penetration it is much higher than household Internet

access (57â per cent. This suggests that shared household access as well as access outside the home is more common in the region.

cent Internet penetration compared with 11 per cent of households with Internet access. In view of infrastructure limitations and a lack of

the Internet at locations outside the home, such as at work, school or public access facilities

Internet content and use of social media The growth in Internet users has witnessed a parallel, steep growth in the volume of Internet

content. More and more people are actively participating in the information society by creating, sharing and uploading content and

using social media and other Internet-based applications, covering a large range of topics and sectors. While measuring online content

and website use is a challenging task on account of the sheer volume of information available

an attempt to do so has been made by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development in its final review of achievement of the WSIS

targets, which includes an assessment of Internet content (Partnership, 2014. Some key findings featured in the report are presented below

Over the past decade, the number of websites has been growing at exponential rates and according to estimates by Netcraft, there were

185 million active sites at the beginning of 2014 Google remains the leading search engine in most countries, and accounts for around 90

per cent of the search market. 16 The number of daily Google searches reached almost 6 billion

by end 2013 (Chart 1. 16) and the total number of searches made through Google in 2013

exceeded 2 trillion Social media sites have become the most accessed websites by users in both developed

Chart 1. 16: Growth in daily Google searches 2007-2013 Source: Partnership (2014), based on http://www. statisticbrain. com/google-searches

/0 2'000 4'000 6'000 8'000 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

2007 Millions of searches 17 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 and developing countries. Since its creation in

2004, Facebook has grown to comprise 1. 3 billion active users by end 2013, a growth of 22 per cent

Internet users (ITU, 2011. Twitter, the leading international microblogging service, founded in 2007, has grown to comprise 646 million active

out of an estimated 582 million Chinese Internet subscribers (Partnership, 2014 More than 6 billion hours of video are being

on Youtube, the leading international video -filesharing site with services in 61 countries. As of

early 2014, Youtube boasted more than 1â billion unique visitors monthly Other top popular websites include Amazon

Wikipedia and Linkedin as well as various news and online e-market sites at the national level

see below on e-business. Wikipedia, the largest and most widely used online encyclopaedia featured more than 30 million articles by end

2013 (Chartâ 1. 18. Articles are now available in 287 languages across 30 million pages of

content. By February 2014, Wikipedia registered more than 20 billion page views per month by Internet users.

At the same time, the proportion of articles in English has decreased significantly â€ from 46 per cent in 2003 to 15 per cent in 2013

â€ while those in other languages have increased accordingly, although pages viewed are still predominantly in English and the proportion of

contributors writing in English is more than 50 per cent While these numbers illustrate the huge increase

in Internet content and usage overall, a more nuanced analysis needs to be carried out to identify digital divides.

Growth in Facebook monthly active users, 2004-2013 (millions of users Source: Partnership (2014), based on http://www. theguardian. com/news

/datablog/2014/feb/04/Facebook-in-numbers-statistics, accessed 6 March 2014. Data sourced from Facebook

0 500 1'000 1'500 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005

Wikipedia articles â€ total and English language, 2003-2013 (thousands of articles Source: Wikipedia statistics at

http://stats. wikimedia. org/EN/Tablesarticlestotal. htm 0 5'000 10 000 '15 000 '20 000

businesses with websites was lower, accounting on average for 71 per cent and ranging from 36

are making use of social media. In 2013, around 30 per cent of European enterprises used social

mostly related to social networks (e g. Facebook followed by multimedia content sharing websites (e g. Youtube) and blogs (e g.

Twitter In the developing world, data on ICTS in enterprises are scarce and only collected by few

countries. The proportion of businesses with Internet access varies between 48 per cent in Azerbaijan and 97 per cent in Lebanon. 19 Of

these, not all have broadband access, which is essential to enable businesses to engage in, and take full advantage of, the potential of

In addition, Internet access differs enormously according to the size and location of the enterprise â€ small and

Total Internet domain registrations by world region, 2003,2008 and 2013 Source: Partnership (2014. Data supplied by Zooknic,

backbone connectivity and international Internet bandwidth is still lacking in many regions of the developing world.

the Internet to provide services to their citizens E-government contributes to increased efficiency and greater transparency and accountability in

have established central websites and that more than 50 per cent of countries provide links to

sites (UNDESA, 2014. Efforts are needed still to connect lower-tier administrations in countries When it comes to the provision of e-services

and services on government website portals increased threefold, with 70 per cent of countries providing a one-stop shop portal in 2012, as

had a government web presence, and almost all countries in Europe â€ and the majority of

Fixed-broadband access in enterprises using the Internet, selected countries, 2005-2012 Source: UNCTAD Information Economy Database, 2014, available at unctadstat. unctad. org

particular broadband Internet) is a basic infrastructure requirement in todayâ€ s information society. Access to high-speed Internet is

necessary to enable students to use the Internet for educational purposes, and helps enhance education administration through the electronic

exchange of forms, data and other information Internet access in schools also achieves cost efficiencies by automating manual tasks and

place where young people can use the Internet see section 1. 3 above. Therefore, they can also

Internet is lower on average, although much progress has been made in recent years. There are significant differences across countries, even

Chart 1. 22 also shows the type of Internet access schools have, in particular the share of

Internet access (out of all schools with Internet access) is still low, suggesting that, in those

growth of mobile-broadband services, it may be expected that more and more schools will have broadband access in the near future and that the

Internet Fixed broadband Internet P e rc e n ta g e o f s

c h o o ls 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

has been very effective in improving Internet access in schools, resulting in 78 per cent of

schools being connected to the Internet in 2013, compared to just 44 per cent in 2009

Internet connectivity in schools also depends on the development of the national telecommunication infrastructure and on

whether service providers have reached out to rural and sometimes geographically difficult areas with low population density (Partnership

While connecting schools to the Internet and other ICTS is essential in order to foster e-education, it is equally important to look at

telecommunication statistics which have been collected by ITU for decades. In the wake of WSIS, and with the increasing focus

infrastructure, household access and Internet users. For example at the beginning of the century, only around a dozen developing countries collected data on Internet users, while today there are

almost 50 developing countries collecting this indicator through official surveys (Chart Box 1. 2). Data on household access to

the Internet or a computer are now being collected by more than 100 economies worldwide, and data on Internet use in

businesses by almost 70 countries, although not on a regular basis (Partnership UNSC 2011. Similarly, whereas no data were

Internet user data through official surveys, by level of development Note: Chart shows countries that have collected data on the number of

Internet users through official national surveys. Data are presented in three-year intervals and include countries that have collected

and foster access to and increased use of telecommunications/ICTS Target 1. 1: Worldwide, 55%of households should have access to the Internet by 2020

Target 1. 2: Worldwide, 60%of individuals should be using the Internet by 2020 Target 1. 3:

Worldwide, telecommunication/ICTS should be 40%more affordable by 2020a Goal 2. Inclusiveness â€ Bridge the digital divide and provide broadband for allb

Target 2. 1. A: In the developing world, 50%of households should have access to the Internet by 2020

Target 2. 1. B: In the least developed countries (LDCS), 15%of households should have access to the Internet by 2020

Target 2. 2. A: In the developing world, 50%of individuals should be using the Internet by 2020

Target 2. 2. B: In the least developed countries (LDCS), 20%of individuals should be using the Internet by 2020

Target 2. 3. A: The affordability gap between developed and developing countries should be reduced by 40%by 2020

Gender equality among Internet users should be reached by 2020 Target 2. 5. B: Enabling environments ensuring accessible telecommunications/ICTS for persons with disabilities should be established in all

countries by 2020 Goal 3. Sustainability â€ Manage challenges resulting from telecommunication/ICT development Target 3. 1:

Cybersecurity readiness should be improved by 40%by 2020d Target 3. 2: Volume of redundant e-waste to be reduced by 50%by 2020

Greenhouse gas emissions generated by the telecommunication/ICT sector to be decreased per device by 30%by 2020

and adapt to the changing telecommunication/ICT environment Target 4. 1: Telecommunication/ICT environment conducive to innovation

Target 4. 2: Effective partnerships of stakeholders in the telecommunication/ICT environment society and international organizations should be

involved. New data sources could include big data mostly provided by private-sector companies which could help â€oeimprove the timeliness and

of data, provided by, for example, Internet and telecommunication companies. Second, the spread and use of ICTS allow public and private

entities across all economic sectors to produce store and analyse huge amounts of data. At the

is primarily on the telecommunication/ICT sector as a source of big data, including players such

mobile and Internet sectors. Delegates attending the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS) in Mexico city in

December 2014 recommended that ITU should further examine the challenges and opportunities of big data, in particular data coming from ICT

telecommunications â€¢What is the role of national statistical offices and how can big data complement official ICT data

telecommunications inform not only ICT but broader development policy in real time, leading to prompt and more

1 Refers to countries where fixed-telephone penetration increased by more than 1 per cent in 2014

4 4g refers to fourth-generation mobile network or service. It is a mobile-broadband standard offering both mobility and very

high bandwidth, such as long-term evolution (LTE) networks (ITU Trends 2014 5 Data collection on Europe and North america will follow in 2014

8 For further discussion on progress made towards connecting rural households to the Internet, see Partnership (2014

http://annualreport2012. telefonica. com/pdf/FINANCIERO 2012 ENG. pdf 14 For example, the cost of buying a mobile cell tower in Europe

telecommunication operators 15 For instance, the average revenue per user per month for GSM services in India was less than USD 2 in March 2012, almost

unchanged from March 2011. Source: TRAI Annual Report 2011-12, p. 2, available at: http://www. trai. gov. in/Writereaddata

17 http://www. statisticbrain. com/twitter-statistics /18 Eurostat news release of 16 december 2013 and

of national online services, telecommunication infrastructure and human capital in all countries. See http://unpan3. un. org/egovkb/global reports/index. htm

34 For further information on the work on big data carried out by the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB),

-telephone subscriptions, mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, international Internet bandwidth per Internet user households with a computer, and

households with Internet access â€¢Use sub-index: This sub-index captures ICT intensity, and includes three ICT intensity

and usage indicators (individuals using the Internet, fixed (wired)- broadband subscriptions, and wireless-broadband subscriptions

â€¢Skills sub-index: This sub-index captures ICT capability or skills as indispensable input indicators.

characterizing intense Internet use, and is therefore included in stage 2 (as an indicator in the use sub

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) and the ITU Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators EGH)( Box 2. 1

â€¢Percentage of individuals using the Internet The suggested reference period for latest Internet usage was changed from the last

twelve months to the last three months The twelvemonth period is used still by some countries,

that Internet usage is now sufficiently frequent that the majority of users will be captured with the shorter time-frame

the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators EGTI) and the Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators (EGH

periodically report back to the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS), ITUÂ€ s main forum on ICT statistics

for the indicators international Internet bandwidth per Internet user and mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants would be reviewed.

For international Internet bandwidth per Internet user, the methodology used in previous IDI calculations was kept,

as there is no limit to the maximum value that could be achieved by a country. The reference value employed for this

The reference value for mobile-cellular subscriptions was lowered to 120. This value was derived from examining the distribution

of countries based on their mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants in 2013. In order to determine the reference value, prepaid

group of countries (23 countries with a mobile -cellular penetration between 110 and 120 per

-SIM ownership is driving up mobile-cellular subscription numbers, which is an issue in prepaid and, to a lesser extent, also in postpaid

early to substitute the current mobile-cellular subscription data in the IDI with mobile-phone user data.

international Internet bandwidth, a review of the definition of the indicator is currently under discussion in EGTI

percentage of individuals using the Internet changing the reference period to the last three months) and percentage of

excluding smartphones â€¢Differences among countries included in the IDI. The calculation of the IDI ranking

%1. Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2. Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 3. International Internet bandwidth (bit/s) per Internet user

4. Percentage of households with a computer 5. Percentage of households with Internet access 60 120

787â€ 260 *100 100 20 20 20 20 20 ICT use Reference value %6. Percentage of individuals using the Internet

7. Fixed (wired)- broadband subscriptions per 100 inhab. itants 8. Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

with 93 per cent of households with Internet access and households with a computer by end

The Danish Internet service provider (ISP) TDC is making investments to provide access to ultra-fast speeds for over

abundant international Internet bandwidth of more than 260 000 bit/s per Internet user in 2013 Denmark tops the IDI use sub-index.

The countryâ€ s broadband market is particularly well advanced. At 107 per cent, it has one of

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 33 35 36 38 40 110 75 87 105

ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database have access to mobile broadband at speeds of at

least 10 Mbit/s. 10 The Republic of korea ranks second in the IDI 2013. The former leader in the IDI 2012

Korea was the first country to offer 3g services commercially in 2002, and LTE was offered first

first LTE network, leading operator SK TELECOM reported that it passed the 10 million LTE subscriber mark in April 2013;

In July 2013, SK TELECOM launched the â€oeworld`s first LTE-Advanced Networkâ€, with speeds of up

highest proportion of households with Internet access worldwide. A somewhat lower proportion of 81 per cent of households have a computer

International Internet bandwidth is relatively low compared to other top IDI countries, at just over

volume of local content, and domestic Internet bandwidth was compared ten times higher with international bandwidth Third-placed Sweden records an IDI value of

Internet bandwidth. The United kingdom stands out as the most dynamic of the top ten IDI

were covered by a 3g signal and 26 per cent of the population was covered by an LTE network. 12

correlated with regular use of the Internet, which underlines the importance of household access. 14

with Internet) of at least 88 per cent. Iceland and The netherlands display the highest levels of

High levels of Internet connectivity at home and the availability of mobile Internet translate into high degrees of Internet usage in the IDIÂ€ s top

ten countries. The Nordic countries stand out with the highest percentage of Internet users globally. In Iceland, 97 per cent of the (in-scope

population is using the Internet and 95 per cent of Norwegians, Swedes and Danes are online. 19

The availability of international Internet bandwidth is critical for ICT development. All IDI top performers benefit from the abundant

availability of international Internet bandwidth Bandwidth is highest (per Internet user) in such hubs as Luxembourg, Iceland, Sweden and the

United kingdom Hong kong (China) made its entry into the top ten of the IDI 2013, up from 11th position

in 2012. The economy ranks in ninth position with an IDI value of 8. 28.

Hong kong (China) is particularly strong on the access sub-index of the IDI, in which it ranks fourth.

provision of international Internet bandwidth a policy priority in order to secure reliable and low-latency Internet connectivity (see MIS 2013

In 2013, international Internet bandwidth stood at 1. 7 million bit/s per Internet user, which is

the second highest value after Luxembourgâ€ s Hong kong (China) has the second highest fixed-telephone penetration globally, at 63 per

cent, and relatively high levels of household ICT connectivity, at 80 per cent of households with

Internet and 82 per cent with a computer. Both fixed-broadband (31 per cent) and wireless

-broadband (95 per cent) penetration are very high in Hong kong (China Dynamic IDI countries Even though most countries do not dramatically

Globally, the number of mobile-broadband subscriptions20 grew by 24 per cent from 2012 to 2013.

were late adopters of 3g technology. For instance, mobile-broadband services were only commercialized in mid-2013 in Burkina faso, 21

Congo, 3g was launched in late 2011 by Airtel Congo, and the entry of a second operator (MTN

significant amounts of international Internet bandwidth and increased international Internet bandwidth per Internet user from around 6 000

bit/s in 2012 to close to 12 000 bit/s per user in 2013. The submarine cable system spans

Africaâ€ s west coast, from South africa to CÃ'te dâ€ Ivoire, and connects it to Europe.

international Internet connectivity, which is of particular importance for enabling an island state such as Cape verde to join the information

and by 2013 operator CVMOVEL had expanded 3g services to all the islands of the archipelago. 23

2008 by state-owned operator Bhutan Telecom under its B-Mobile brand), major developments took place in 2013 that helped to boost

per cent in 2013 (see Chart 2. 3). Bhutan Telecom expanded its 3g services, which had been limited

to the nationâ€ s capital Thimphu, to 15 out of 20 districts in Bhutan. Some USD 10.9 million were

mobile network. 24 Furthermore, Bhutan Telecom launched its high-speed 4g services in Thimphu Chart 2. 3:

Wireless-broadband penetration Bhutan, 2008-2013 Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 0. 0

0. 1 0. 3 1. 0 2. 5 15.6 0 2 4 6 8 10

The launch of mobile-broadband services by the countryâ€ s only private-owned operator Tashi Cell in late 2013 has helped

of social media and increased availability of smartphones. 26 Bolivia is among the most dynamic countries on

the access sub-index(+4 ranks), and also shows good progress in the generally more dynamic

an important increase in international Internet bandwidth. International Internet bandwidth per Internet user27 almost doubled between

2012 and 2013, climbing to 9 000 bit/s per user While this is still one of the lowest absolute

figures in The americas region (only Cuba has a lower bandwidth per Internet user), it indicates that good progress in being made in improving

connectivity in the country. Bolivia has seen an important increase in wireless-broadband penetration, from 7 per cent in 2012 to 14 per

Bolivia launched its first telecommunication satellite â€oetupac Katariâ€ in late 2013.28 ENTEL â€ Boliviaâ€ s state-owned operator â€ is contracting

Internet bandwidth (close to 82 000 bit/s per Internet user. 30 It is well-connected to its neighbouring countries in the CIS region

and to Europe through two Black sea fibre -optic cables and terrestrial links. 31 This laid the

households to the Internet â€ penetration increased from 27 per cent in 2012 to 35 per

Internet stands at 96 per cent and the proportion of households with a computer at 97 per cent

-2013, the ownership of devices such as mobile phones and laptops increased significantly within the countryâ€ s mainstream population. 32

The report also highlights discrepancies in ICT connectivity between Qataris and westerners on the one hand, and transient labourers

westerners have an Internet connection at home penetration stands at 85 per cent for the overall population.

Smartphone penetration is also much lower among transient labourers (24 per cent). ) Therefore, â€oeincreasing the penetration of

newer devices such as smartphones and tablets particularly in specific demographic segments like the transient labour populationâ€ is one of the