eliza. paicu@yahoo. com Professor Phd Adrian Dumitru TANTAU Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
ad tantau@yahoo. com Abstract Given the limited amount of research written about the open innovation practices of companies located in
the mobile phone industry, the digital amplifier industry, the open source software industry, the mobile operating system Android
the biopharmaceutical industry, Procter&gamble, Italcementi, Deutsche telekom, Innocentive Roche or the Dutch special materials company DSM (Schroll, and Mild, 2011
growth of the Internet, through social networking, Web conferencing and instant messaging Collins (2006) proposes the key to successful innovation lies as much in the ability to
of relevant knowledge sites, forcing firms to access external knowledge to support their value chain activities (Rothaermel and Hess, 2007) and, thus,
business associations, internet sales and service units, internal research and development units and academia. The literature is rich in providing evidence on customer and employees driven
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The European commission is not responsible for the external websites referred to in the present publication Disclaimer:
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Last name First name Company/Organisation email Aarts Emile Eindhoven University of Technology, Intelligent Lighting Institute e. h. l. aarts@tue. nl
Center for Internet Excellence Oulu Innovation Alliance mika. rantakokko@cie. fi Roos Jaspar Future Ideas EU & Chief Humor Officer jaspar@futureideas. eu
-ple, they analyse the Future Internet PPP funded by the European commission during the period 2011-2016.
especially related to mobile and wireless tech -nologies. The evolution from a successful inward -looking cluster to ecosystem-centric open approach
-ity and enable social networking among innovators and the communities they serve There is much that needs to be done to properly
Telecommunication networks deployed in the ser -vice of increased social interaction are a key char
analysing the power of Robert Metcalfe†s Ethernet design, the value of telecommunication networks grows as an exponential function of the number of
intercommunicating nodes (10. Recent experiments such as the creation of wikis demonstrate how powerful communication networks can be when
The European Internet Foundation†s seminal report on our Digital World in 2025 iden -tified mass collaboration as the dominant mega
the most well-known crowd funding site, raises on average more than a $1 million a day for entre
on websites such as Kickstarter is correlated well to the amount of contacts one has on social media
showing the importance of networking and the net -work effect Another key concept for creating successful innov
a social networking site, or be an admixture of both There must be a leader who is much like a theat
300 sites. It is imperative for the Living Labs to cre -ate attractive innovation ecosystems following the
by other actions focusing on web entrepreneurship young innovators and interlinking policy actions with H2020 as well
Interview in Ubiquity, a peer-reviewed Web-based magazine, ACM Publication, December. ubiquity. acm. org
Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer networks Communications of the ACM 19 (7: 395†405
Mulgan, G.,with Tucker, S.,Ali, R, . & Sanders, B. 2007 Social Innovation: What it is, Why it Matters, and How it
Crowdsourcing at Nokia, explains (3: †innovation failâ ure rates have reached as much as 86 percent,(4) priâ
All use cases belong to the domain of the Internet of Things (Iot) based services, namely:
a wearable monitoring device, a smartphone app. and a web portal. This service is evaluated involving volunteer participants into a minimum
3-day usage experience where they wear the monitoring device and use the related smartphone
application and web portal. In this way they are able to monitor their body performance indicators during daily activities.
At the end of the experience a questionnaire based on different aspects was given to each participant to explore the scenario
on air quality and noise measurement via citizen sensing. During the XD process involving 50 active
services via mail or SMS, the ability to download data, the gamified forum for sharing ideas and best
phones †even their own one if they had any †to collect price and other information from the books
But it worked offline, the patient data were Figure 8: The Retail Services Use Case
S1. 1 Social networking 1 1 1 3 S2. 1 Communication 1 1 1 1 4
Webergence Blog Retrieved January 2011 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub /bscw. cgi/715404 8) Pallot, M.,Pawar, K. S. 2012.
Webergence Blog Retrieved December 2013 http://www cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404 14) Stã¥hlbrã st, A. 2008.
The use of mobile phones is growing at a tremen -dous pace, and therefore in contrast with our eco
occur that our smart phones are literally becoming the key not only to our virtual world, but also to our
recent Mobile World Congress (1), the big trend was wearable technology with new product intro
Mobile and the Financial Industry Mobile telecommunications have revolutionised the world already, and promise to play an import
-ant role in the consumer of tomorrow. In line with the †anything, everywhere†attitudes of tomorrow†s
consumption trends, smartphones have become more accessible, faster, and more efficient. They are quite literally the pocket gateway to the digital
/Internet world, and people are flocking to them by the minute If Internet 1. 0 was static websites and Internet
2. 0 was all about the first social sites designed for interaction, Internet 3. 0 is now about the
mobile platforms and apps that are driving more and more online traffic and more customised user
experiences. As noted above, there will be a huge increase of mobile-only Internet users in the next few years, leading to whole new ways of web usage
that demand marketers†attention Lesson? Go mobile or go home. The consumer of the future carries the power
of consumption and choice in its pocket Knowing that mobile phones will be very important in the coming years, we want to expand our thinking
by looking at the opportunities that the phone as tool can provide, looking beyond the software and
inside technology and enter the world of hardware We have seen high adoption rates of banking apps
In 2009 Gartner spoke out that Mobile Money would be the number one mobile application to be in 2012.
the creator of Twitter, was the first to develop a mobile device for banking activ -ities, launched in May 2010.
through their iphone and Android phones, either by swiping the card on the Square device or by manu
-ally entering the details on the phone Developing a Business model As the current margin for financial institutes is
From the two mobile phone world leaders, the iphone5s and Samsung S5 phone have fingerprint recognition.
However, US people are very skeptical about giving out their fingerprints Who will own that data
•Thanks to the Internet, more and more inter -actions are online and financially driven (ebay poker, trading
Rationalizer brought ratio into financial decision -making. Rationalizer measured the arousal level through a bracelet and visualised the results with
brought into the smart phone. Because of its pro -cessing capacity and the visual renderness, smart
phones provide an even greater experience It is worthy to note that one of the authors of this
If used as an accessory on the phone fashionability and unobtrusiveness become rele -vant as well.
invested heavily in web based platforms. The acces -sories should be connected seamlessly to their and
other banking web platforms. This will make more sense to the customers, who will experience this as
Smart phones are ubiquitous devices, and they seem to integrate more and more sensors and com -pounds to grow in capacities.
into a smart phone needs a high level of security to protect from cybercrime. This means that the right
a mobile phone We expect the hardware device to be the next wave in the financial industry.
1) Mobile World Congress February 2014 †http://www. mobileworldcongress. com /2) Interview with the founder and the CTO of XL team
http://en. wikipedia org/wiki/Square, Inc 5) Rationalizer †Phillips and ABN AMRO 2009 http://www. mirrorofemotions. com
beginning of the era of the Internet and more open societies and economies (varieties of capitalism
addition, the social networking capabilities enacted via the fourth pillar would enhance the likelihood and impact of knowledge serendipity and know
No more Nokias The student revolution was part of a wider reconsideration of the proper relationship between
2000 Nokia accounted for 4%of the country†s GDP. The government wanted to make the
mobileâ phone giant†s decline as painless as possible and ensure that Finland would never
duced an impressive number of startâ ups, including 300 founded by former Nokia employees Microtask outsources office work.
such as a celebratory blog (Arcâ tic Startâ up) and a valleyâ related name (Arctic Valley.
1) Europe 2020, Economic Governance, website: http //ec. europa. eu/europe2020 2) http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020/index en. htm
Smartphone Affordance: Achieving Better Business further references:(38 24) Carayannis, E g. (1994. The Strategic Management
, Clark, S. 2011) Do Smartphones Make for Smarter Business? The Smartphone CEO Study Journal of the Knowledge Economy, June.
further references:( (26)( 50 39) Harmaakorpi, V.,Melkas, H..Knowledge management in Regional Innovation Networks: The Case of Lahti, Finland
•http://know-hub. eu/blog/involving-enterprises -in-the-design-of-a-ris3-strategy. html
entertain †as in the case of the Internet (1 Creativity, Invention and Innovation Regarding innovation, both policy makers and busi
investment in UK Internet and digital businesses, Nesta Report, June 2013 Some of the questions raised in the debate were
-pete on the market †Siemens, Ericsson and Nokia EIT ICT Labs leads a collaborative effort to work
as per the case of GSM tech -nology. The KIC also supports entrepreneurs. It is
investment in UK Internet and digital businesses, Nesta Report, June 2013 8) EIT Call for KICS (2009
As an example we consider the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership programme which runs 2011†2016 and is based on developing a Future
Internet service platform with wide application and exploitation opportunity. In examining this case we discuss the evolving characteristics of the FI
and more recently the Future Internet, demon -strate a potential evolution over time into open
Future Internet Public-Private Partnership (FI -PPP), whose aim is to enhance Europe†s future
and adoption of Future Internet technologies in Europe, thus advancing the European market for smart infrastructures and increasing the effective
The Future Internet Public Private Partnership The Future Internet PPP Programme is a five-year
EUR 600 million, industry-led partnership among 150 leading European Future Internet actors. The forming decisions regarding the FI-PPP programme
were made at the time of deep recession in Europe and the programme was aimed at elevating the
-ives emphasise a holistic approach to Internet busi -ness development, including the identification of opportunities for standardisation, policy contribu
-holder roles in the future Internet value network in particular technology providers, infrastructure providers, integrators, service providers, applica
to build Future Internet applications. A specific suite of tools will enable to operate a dedicated smart
Telecom, Orange, Atos, Telefã nica and Nokia Solu -tions and Networks, as well as actors from vertical
of †use case†projects piloting Future Internet tech -nologies and their application in real-life settings
a Future Internet technology and service platform brings interesting implications with it regarding ecosystem building, open innovation, and govern
IBM, Nokia, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple show, the platform owner potentially gains sub -stantial advantages in terms of value creation and
-ations by structured template by email, and mass teleconferences in May 2011. The major topics were
the use rights and licensing terms for the devel -oped technologies, as well as third party represen -tation of participants.
European Future Internet community Moving on to Phase 2 with a new set of Use Case
-tation and support action of the Future Internet PPP programme which runs from 2011†2016.
1) European union (2013), †Future Internet Public-Private Partnership Work Programmes 2011†2013â€. FI-PPP€ s
website is: http://www. fi-ppp. eu 2) FI-WARE website: www. fi-ware. eu;
FI-Lab: http://lab fi-ware. eu. See also: https://www. fi-xifi. eu/fi-ops. html
13) Interim Assessment of the Future Internet Public -Private Partnership, ISBN: 978-92-79-19895-3
Finance Ministry†s website. This transparency orien -tation has been strengthened by the stipulation of a national transparency law in June 2009.
Social network or crowdsourcing businesses reflect these new business models and a new philosophy where Internet is the nat ural environ
-ment in which business are conducted Citizens The innovative thinking has to lead to more and
For example, data from cell phones are particularly interesting because they are the only way people
y Santiago Garcã a (Internet. 2103. Available from http //www. enriquedans. com/2013/10/el-ocaso-del-empleo
9) Talbot D. Big data from Cheap Phones (Internet 2013; Available from: http://www. technologyreview. com
healthcare through EHEALTH (Internet. Available from http://ec. europa. eu/information society/apps/projects /factsheet/index. cfm?
12) Stanton J.,An introduction to Data science (Internet 2012. Available from: http://ischool. syr. edu/media
connections via satellite and telecommunication networks to common monitoring stations. Onstar†s current capabilities are very impressive.
smartphones, such as unlocking vehicles remotely to access the reserved car. Thus, the owner need not meet the renter to pick up
in the form of offline document files. These files must be converted into an online database before
conventional and social media can take on a life of their own. Citizens need to be engaged actively in
In the past, we have defined rarely sites in a way that would permit joint exploration of organ
multiple distributed sites that are both collectively and individually adjustable. Further, the dynamic achievement of a functioning energy, communica
Thanks to the world wide web, social media, and advances in mobile and interactive communica -tions and information technologies, networked
A website (www. agenda2020. org br) was created with an online public forum and open access to every presentation or discussion topic from
and blogs as part of an ongoing conversation and continuous recalibration of the national agenda The Strategic Agenda focuses on 12 topics: Edu
as first NMT network (1981), first GSM base sta -tion and GSM phone call (1991), as well as the first
contactless fare collection system in public trans -portation (1992. These innovations, and way of working together, have created the foundation for
-ation sectors were cleantech, future Internet printed intelligence and wellbeing technologies All of these sectors were recognised not only as
centres †Center for Internet Excellence (www cie. fi), Printocent (www. printocent. net), Center for
Internet Excellence (CIE The mission of CIE is to actively drive co-cre -ation of next generation Internet technologies
Figure 5: Oulu Innovation Alliance Innovation Centres and Owners  O ul u In no
and create Internet-driven growth opportunities and value by combining cutting-edge research innov ations with agile new business creation
Internet which is linked closely with user-driven innov ations and open innovation processes. The role of CIE is to build collaboration with OIA part
3d Internet the platform is called realxtend (8). The development of realxtend was started in 2006 and
involved in European Future Internet project FI -WARE to further develop the platform, and to make
it as a standard for 3d Internet In addition to the platform development CIE is aim -ing its activities to find sectors where 3d Internet
would provide maximum value added. In this con -text there are projects which are related for exam -ple to teaching/learning and tourism
•panoulu †Network of Public Wireless internet access covering broadly the Oulu city area with
the 3d Internet there is also an open-source vir -tual environment under development †Oulu 3d
Internet, FIREBALL FP7 project White paper,(Online Available at http://www. scribd. com/doc/94651094 /FIREBALL-White-paper
Center for Internet Excellence Oulu Innovation Alliance University of Oulu mika. rantakokko@cie. fi 111
your keys, your mobile phone and your clothes. Many of us are prone to forget -fulness and sometimes forget our keys, phone, or
both †but never our clothes. This simple idea is key: the future challenge for Cityzen would be to
•Telecom Bretagne (5)( Mines Telecom Institute group), which has a famous expertise in Sen
the worldwide mobile health market is expected to grow to $49 billion, according to a new study by
†Internet of things†all the rage at Consumer Electronics Show. CBS Moneywatch †January 7, 2014 http://www. cbsnews. com/news/Internet
-of-things-all the-rage-at-consumer-electronics-show /2) Nunes P.,Downes L. 2014. The Five Most
/sites/bigbangdisruption/2014/01/10 /the-five-most-disruptive-innovations-at-ces-2014 /3) http://www. eolane. com
5) http://www. telecom-bretagne. eu 6) https://www. telecom-bretagne. eu/recherche /reseaux et laboratoires/labsticc
/7) http://www. capdigital. com/en /8) https://itea3. org/project/careware. html 9) Global Information (GII) and Global Industry
/global-mobile-health-market-to-grow-to-49b-by-2020 /12) Electronic textiles or smart textiles, are fabrics that
indirect, online and offline •Online: The Openeyifâ¢implementation project website and websites of the incubators and
their ecosystem actors, social media networks blogs, specialised discussion forums, technology news sites and through targeted advertising
e g. Facebook and Google ads •Public platforms: relevant European Commis -sion Portals, National and Regional Government
sites •Indirect: communicating through the respective networks of Openeyifâ¢implementers, such as EYIF€ s Regional Innovation Hubs
•In person: by EYIF€ s Youth Innovation Ambas -sadors and Regional Innovation Champions •Media:
public relations and ad campaigns in national and international media •Open Innovation Community: joint promo -tion with other Open Innovation projects and
communities Promotional events & activities (hosted locally by participating incubators and ecosystems as well as road shows and external events:
Nowadays it also includes Internet con -nectivity as well as wireless solutions. In the com -ing years, the infrastructure will become a dense
displays, touch screens, and smart phones Many devices collect or use data and are there -fore connected (the Internet of things
-ing, Cisco systems, Alliander and the Intelligent Lighting Institute. All partners invest in this pilot with the ambition to create a showcase for smart
or streamed to the web by the video camera that is normally used for people This virtual stage can be promoted in connection
the direction of the noise, social media watching to identify how Stratumseind is being mentioned and counting people entering
phone business. Similar renewal rates may apply for software applications build on open platforms in the field of smart urban lighting.
larger social networks to pitch an idea, they be -gin to create mindshare and market share within
The Web 2. 0 economy has fundamentally trans -formed the way people interact and communicate
Wikipedia. With 23 million articles in 285 languages and over 100 000 authors, Wikipedia is a testament to the collective power of individual
minds and to the innovative spirit of crowd wisdom had we been tasked with predicting the success of
Wikipedia over Microsoft Encarta, the latter probably would have been considered the likelier of the two candidates to succeed,
with 365 million readers, Wikipedia is now the world†s go-to source for knowledge, and that knowledge
Wikipedia is the tip -ping point for the power of the modern crowd While the key illustrations here support the notion
via the Internet, to support efforts initiated by other people or organisations. In its various forms, crowd
capital from investors, using social networks and crowdfunding platforms to finance their businesses and projects. By doing so, individual entrepreneurs
The site attracted 400 000 unique visitors (equal to the number of tax preparers in the United states
a mobile-connected smart egg tray that keeps track of not only how many eggs you have in your refrigerator, but also tracks how
telephone, letting them know it†s time to purchase more eggs. According to Quirky, while there was one
Crowdsourcing Blog. Retrieved January 2 2013 6) Chesbrough, Henry William (1 march 2003. Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting
7) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Co-creation 8) Venkat Ramaswamy, Francis Gouillart, The Power
10) http://bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2013/04/10/g-e -turns-to-the-crowd-for-help-in-creating-consumer
working in the mobile telecommunications operator business. It became in fact mandatory to look at things from a different perspective
Telecommunications. The Supreme court had said absolutely nothing of cable television. This kind of situation underlines the need to creativity and to
successful international services, like social media or search engines, you realise that somehow these services have managed to go passed and beyond
As the issue is related to Internet services, it looks rather evident, that there†s no way to gain back
Regarding the emerging Internet businesses, one of my recommendations would be that the innovative counsel †wannabe†would take a close look at the
like the Internet service contracts. One of the most interesting documents I have encountered ever in this respect is in fact the Facebook statement of
rights and responsibilities As a customer, I may find it hard to accept every -thing †the consumer is not necessarily on the
-one is in the Facebook today, this is a binding ser -vice agreement nearly everyone has closed
Facebook is also using a choice of law†strategy using the California State law. You are welcome to
paved the way to the Internet future. FB is not anti-copyright or copyleft. No †the FB uses stand
Typically, data is where Google stands for. Numerical analysis of what works best Apple is the other side of the virtual spectrum.
Data driven firms like Facebook, Amazon and Google, on the other hand, take the hacker way They run experiments †thousands upon thou
-sands of them. From colours used on a button to different websites to see which site will increase
sales, all in real life and with real customers. Based upon quantified results, the experiments determine what the strategy will be
being the dominant example, but also many web based startups like Pinterest or Youtube exemplify this direction.
This connects well to the lean startup movement: fail early and often Design driven innovation is concerned a process with
phone terms, the product cannot be opened or altered after release. There is no further tinkering possible.
the virals on Youtube •Superiority theory explains how people use humor to feel superior over others.
Internet started to emerge. Explaining to Generation Y that there was something like Gopher, the game Snake on your
Nokia phone or the newness of ecommerce in the previous millennium, you immediately realise there
-ity through the Internet will create new and better work/life balances for citizens: wherever and when
Wearable technologies supported by Internet coaching will create well-being lifestyles for young people and the elderly.
and the potential of open innovation based on Web 2. 0 technologies Keywords: small and micro firms, open innovation, Web 2. 0
JEL Classification: O32 Introduction2 In the age of globalization, complex technologies Nonaka, 2007), shortened product life cycles, and
development and application of a variety of Web 2. 0 -based information and communication technologies
already using Web 2. 0 technologies to integrate customers and external experts into their innovation
supported through new Web-based technologies might also offer benefits and advantages for SMES to
Web 2. 0 technologies and platforms and related concepts such as crowdsourcing (Howe, 2008), co -creation (Winsor, 2005), or user innovation
through online Web 2. 0 technologies. Our empirical analysis will address three research questions. First
analysis. Finally, this study will assess how Web 2. 0 technologies can serve as an intermediary in
technologies (ICTS) and Web 2. 0-based applica -tions. The rapid development of these technologies
Web (Terwiesch and Xu, 2008. For example Innocentive, an online innovation platform founded in 2001 by Eli lilly, shows how online technologies
on the Web can support later stages of the innovation processes, help to identify new
social technologies of the Web 2. 0 as tools to open up the innovation process of SMES (Piva et al
open source software communities on the Web can help SMES overcome financial constraints and access external competencies and valuable
potential of Web 2. 0 innovation platforms and communities to support the open innovation activities of SMES outside the special case of the
The interviewees were notified via phone and an appointment was made in advance in order to guarantee that the interviews could be conducted
based on Web 2. 0 and social technologies. Many of the problem areas identified could be eased and
practices based on Web 2. 0 and social technologies Therefore, in the course of the interviews, decision
It is obvious that the Internet already plays an important role in the small and micro firms
â€oethe Internet is essential for us because it offers a huge amount of specific information that is needed to offer even better
â€oewe are trying to use the Internet in the best possible way. †If necessary we are also
technology and Internet trends Furthermore, the prerequisites of the surveyed firms are very good for the strategic application of new
Through using the support of Web 2. 0 technologies in applying open innovation practices information generation can be simplified and
managing Web 2. 0 based initiatives. Thereby, strong competitive thinking as well as a focus on self -interests can be an obstacle for collaborations and
detail how Web 2. 0 based technology like online idea and design contests, innovation platforms and
Harnessing the Power of the Oh-So-Social Web, MIT Sloan Management Review, 49 3), pp. 36-42
Internet Marketing in the Internationalisation of UK SMES, Journal of Marketing Management, 13 (1-3), pp. 9-28
Effects of the Internet on the marketing communication of service companies, Journal of Services Marketing, 19 (2), pp. 63-69
Facebook and value co -creation, Marketing Review, 10 (2), pp. 169-183 49. Mckinsey (2008.
Building the Web 2. 0 Enterprise 50. Morgan J. and Wang R. 2010. Tournaments for Ideas, California Management Review, 52 (2), pp. 77-97
Open Innovation in Global networks. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 57. Parida V.,Westerberg M. and Frishammar J. 2012.
The Internet and Foreign Market Expansion by Firms, Management International Review, 42 (2), pp. 207-221
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