eliza. paicu@yahoo. com Professor Phd Adrian Dumitru TANTAU Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
ad tantau@yahoo. com Abstract Given the limited amount of research written about the open innovation practices of companies located in
growth of the Internet, through social networking, Web conferencing and instant messaging Collins (2006) proposes the key to successful innovation lies as much in the ability to
of relevant knowledge sites, forcing firms to access external knowledge to support their value chain activities (Rothaermel and Hess, 2007) and, thus,
business associations, internet sales and service units, internal research and development units and academia. The literature is rich in providing evidence on customer and employees driven
A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa
The European commission is not responsible for the external websites referred to in the present publication Disclaimer:
link to this web page •Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder
Last name First name Company/Organisation email Aarts Emile Eindhoven University of Technology, Intelligent Lighting Institute e. h. l. aarts@tue. nl
Center for Internet Excellence Oulu Innovation Alliance mika. rantakokko@cie. fi Roos Jaspar Future Ideas EU & Chief Humor Officer jaspar@futureideas. eu
-ple, they analyse the Future Internet PPP funded by the European commission during the period 2011-2016.
-ity and enable social networking among innovators and the communities they serve There is much that needs to be done to properly
The European Internet Foundation†s seminal report on our Digital World in 2025 iden -tified mass collaboration as the dominant mega
the most well-known crowd funding site, raises on average more than a $1 million a day for entre
on websites such as Kickstarter is correlated well to the amount of contacts one has on social media
showing the importance of networking and the net -work effect Another key concept for creating successful innov
a social networking site, or be an admixture of both There must be a leader who is much like a theat
300 sites. It is imperative for the Living Labs to cre -ate attractive innovation ecosystems following the
by other actions focusing on web entrepreneurship young innovators and interlinking policy actions with H2020 as well
Interview in Ubiquity, a peer-reviewed Web-based magazine, ACM Publication, December. ubiquity. acm. org
All use cases belong to the domain of the Internet of Things (Iot) based services, namely:
app. and a web portal. This service is evaluated involving volunteer participants into a minimum 3-day usage experience where they wear the
application and web portal. In this way they are able to monitor their body performance indicators during daily activities.
S1. 1 Social networking 1 1 1 3 S2. 1 Communication 1 1 1 1 4
Webergence Blog Retrieved January 2011 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub /bscw. cgi/715404 8) Pallot, M.,Pawar, K. S. 2012.
Webergence Blog Retrieved December 2013 http://www cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404 14) Stã¥hlbrã st, A. 2008.
/Internet world, and people are flocking to them by the minute If Internet 1. 0 was static websites and Internet
2. 0 was all about the first social sites designed for interaction, Internet 3. 0 is now about the
mobile platforms and apps that are driving more and more online traffic and more customised user
experiences. As noted above, there will be a huge increase of mobile-only Internet users in the next few years, leading to whole new ways of web usage
that demand marketers†attention Lesson? Go mobile or go home. The consumer of the future carries the power
of consumption and choice in its pocket Knowing that mobile phones will be very important in the coming years, we want to expand our thinking
the creator of Twitter, was the first to develop a mobile device for banking activ -ities, launched in May 2010.
•Thanks to the Internet, more and more inter -actions are online and financially driven (ebay poker, trading
Rationalizer brought ratio into financial decision -making. Rationalizer measured the arousal level through a bracelet and visualised the results with
invested heavily in web based platforms. The acces -sories should be connected seamlessly to their and
other banking web platforms. This will make more sense to the customers, who will experience this as
http://en. wikipedia org/wiki/Square, Inc 5) Rationalizer †Phillips and ABN AMRO 2009 http://www. mirrorofemotions. com
beginning of the era of the Internet and more open societies and economies (varieties of capitalism
addition, the social networking capabilities enacted via the fourth pillar would enhance the likelihood and impact of knowledge serendipity and know
such as a celebratory blog (Arcâ tic Startâ up) and a valleyâ related name (Arctic Valley.
1) Europe 2020, Economic Governance, website: http //ec. europa. eu/europe2020 2) http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020/index en. htm
•http://know-hub. eu/blog/involving-enterprises -in-the-design-of-a-ris3-strategy. html
entertain †as in the case of the Internet (1 Creativity, Invention and Innovation Regarding innovation, both policy makers and busi
investment in UK Internet and digital businesses, Nesta Report, June 2013 Some of the questions raised in the debate were
investment in UK Internet and digital businesses, Nesta Report, June 2013 8) EIT Call for KICS (2009
As an example we consider the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership programme which runs 2011†2016 and is based on developing a Future
Internet service platform with wide application and exploitation opportunity. In examining this case we discuss the evolving characteristics of the FI
and more recently the Future Internet, demon -strate a potential evolution over time into open
Future Internet Public-Private Partnership (FI -PPP), whose aim is to enhance Europe†s future
and adoption of Future Internet technologies in Europe, thus advancing the European market for smart infrastructures and increasing the effective
The Future Internet Public Private Partnership The Future Internet PPP Programme is a five-year
EUR 600 million, industry-led partnership among 150 leading European Future Internet actors. The forming decisions regarding the FI-PPP programme
were made at the time of deep recession in Europe and the programme was aimed at elevating the
-ives emphasise a holistic approach to Internet busi -ness development, including the identification of opportunities for standardisation, policy contribu
-holder roles in the future Internet value network in particular technology providers, infrastructure providers, integrators, service providers, applica
to build Future Internet applications. A specific suite of tools will enable to operate a dedicated smart
of †use case†projects piloting Future Internet tech -nologies and their application in real-life settings
a Future Internet technology and service platform brings interesting implications with it regarding ecosystem building, open innovation, and govern
IBM, Nokia, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple show, the platform owner potentially gains sub -stantial advantages in terms of value creation and
-ations by structured template by email, and mass teleconferences in May 2011. The major topics were
European Future Internet community Moving on to Phase 2 with a new set of Use Case
-tation and support action of the Future Internet PPP programme which runs from 2011†2016.
1) European union (2013), †Future Internet Public-Private Partnership Work Programmes 2011†2013â€. FI-PPP€ s
website is: http://www. fi-ppp. eu 2) FI-WARE website: www. fi-ware. eu;
FI-Lab: http://lab fi-ware. eu. See also: https://www. fi-xifi. eu/fi-ops. html
13) Interim Assessment of the Future Internet Public -Private Partnership, ISBN: 978-92-79-19895-3
Finance Ministry†s website. This transparency orien -tation has been strengthened by the stipulation of a national transparency law in June 2009.
Social network or crowdsourcing businesses reflect these new business models and a new philosophy where Internet is the nat ural environ
-ment in which business are conducted Citizens The innovative thinking has to lead to more and
y Santiago Garcã a (Internet. 2103. Available from http //www. enriquedans. com/2013/10/el-ocaso-del-empleo
9) Talbot D. Big data from Cheap Phones (Internet 2013; Available from: http://www. technologyreview. com
healthcare through EHEALTH (Internet. Available from http://ec. europa. eu/information society/apps/projects /factsheet/index. cfm?
12) Stanton J.,An introduction to Data science (Internet 2012. Available from: http://ischool. syr. edu/media
conventional and social media can take on a life of their own. Citizens need to be engaged actively in
In the past, we have defined rarely sites in a way that would permit joint exploration of organ
multiple distributed sites that are both collectively and individually adjustable. Further, the dynamic achievement of a functioning energy, communica
Thanks to the world wide web, social media, and advances in mobile and interactive communica -tions and information technologies, networked
A website (www. agenda2020. org br) was created with an online public forum and open access to every presentation or discussion topic from
and blogs as part of an ongoing conversation and continuous recalibration of the national agenda The Strategic Agenda focuses on 12 topics: Edu
-ation sectors were cleantech, future Internet printed intelligence and wellbeing technologies All of these sectors were recognised not only as
centres †Center for Internet Excellence (www cie. fi), Printocent (www. printocent. net), Center for
Internet Excellence (CIE The mission of CIE is to actively drive co-cre -ation of next generation Internet technologies
Figure 5: Oulu Innovation Alliance Innovation Centres and Owners  O ul u In no
and create Internet-driven growth opportunities and value by combining cutting-edge research innov ations with agile new business creation
Internet which is linked closely with user-driven innov ations and open innovation processes. The role of CIE is to build collaboration with OIA part
3d Internet the platform is called realxtend (8). The development of realxtend was started in 2006 and
involved in European Future Internet project FI -WARE to further develop the platform, and to make
it as a standard for 3d Internet In addition to the platform development CIE is aim -ing its activities to find sectors where 3d Internet
would provide maximum value added. In this con -text there are projects which are related for exam -ple to teaching/learning and tourism
•panoulu †Network of Public Wireless internet access covering broadly the Oulu city area with
the 3d Internet there is also an open-source vir -tual environment under development †Oulu 3d
Internet, FIREBALL FP7 project White paper,(Online Available at http://www. scribd. com/doc/94651094 /FIREBALL-White-paper
Center for Internet Excellence Oulu Innovation Alliance University of Oulu mika. rantakokko@cie. fi 111
†Internet of things†all the rage at Consumer Electronics Show. CBS Moneywatch †January 7, 2014 http://www. cbsnews. com/news/Internet
-of-things-all the-rage-at-consumer-electronics-show /2) Nunes P.,Downes L. 2014. The Five Most
/sites/bigbangdisruption/2014/01/10 /the-five-most-disruptive-innovations-at-ces-2014 /3) http://www. eolane. com
website and websites of the incubators and their ecosystem actors, social media networks blogs, specialised discussion forums, technology
news sites and through targeted advertising e g. Facebook and Google ads •Public platforms: relevant European Commis
-sion Portals, National and Regional Government sites •Indirect: communicating through the respective networks of Openeyifâ¢implementers, such as
EYIF€ s Regional Innovation Hubs •In person: by EYIF€ s Youth Innovation Ambas -sadors and Regional Innovation Champions
•Media: public relations and ad campaigns in national and international media •Open Innovation Community: joint promo
-tion with other Open Innovation projects and communities Promotional events & activities (hosted locally by
Nowadays it also includes Internet con -nectivity as well as wireless solutions. In the com -ing years, the infrastructure will become a dense
or streamed to the web by the video camera that is normally used for people This virtual stage can be promoted in connection
the direction of the noise, social media watching to identify how Stratumseind is being mentioned and counting people entering
larger social networks to pitch an idea, they be -gin to create mindshare and market share within
The Web 2. 0 economy has fundamentally trans -formed the way people interact and communicate
Wikipedia. With 23 million articles in 285 languages and over 100 000 authors, Wikipedia is a testament to the collective power of individual
minds and to the innovative spirit of crowd wisdom had we been tasked with predicting the success of
Wikipedia over Microsoft Encarta, the latter probably would have been considered the likelier of the two candidates to succeed,
with 365 million readers, Wikipedia is now the world†s go-to source for knowledge, and that knowledge
Wikipedia is the tip -ping point for the power of the modern crowd While the key illustrations here support the notion
via the Internet, to support efforts initiated by other people or organisations. In its various forms, crowd
capital from investors, using social networks and crowdfunding platforms to finance their businesses and projects. By doing so, individual entrepreneurs
The site attracted 400 000 unique visitors (equal to the number of tax preparers in the United states
Crowdsourcing Blog. Retrieved January 2 2013 6) Chesbrough, Henry William (1 march 2003. Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting
7) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Co-creation 8) Venkat Ramaswamy, Francis Gouillart, The Power
10) http://bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2013/04/10/g-e -turns-to-the-crowd-for-help-in-creating-consumer
successful international services, like social media or search engines, you realise that somehow these services have managed to go passed and beyond
As the issue is related to Internet services, it looks rather evident, that there†s no way to gain back
Regarding the emerging Internet businesses, one of my recommendations would be that the innovative counsel †wannabe†would take a close look at the
like the Internet service contracts. One of the most interesting documents I have encountered ever in this respect is in fact the Facebook statement of
rights and responsibilities As a customer, I may find it hard to accept every -thing †the consumer is not necessarily on the
-one is in the Facebook today, this is a binding ser -vice agreement nearly everyone has closed
Facebook is also using a choice of law†strategy using the California State law. You are welcome to
paved the way to the Internet future. FB is not anti-copyright or copyleft. No †the FB uses stand
Typically, data is where Google stands for. Numerical analysis of what works best Apple is the other side of the virtual spectrum.
Data driven firms like Facebook, Amazon and Google, on the other hand, take the hacker way They run experiments †thousands upon thou
-sands of them. From colours used on a button to different websites to see which site will increase
sales, all in real life and with real customers. Based upon quantified results, the experiments determine what the strategy will be
being the dominant example, but also many web based startups like Pinterest or Youtube exemplify this direction.
This connects well to the lean startup movement: fail early and often Design driven innovation is concerned a process with
the virals on Youtube •Superiority theory explains how people use humor to feel superior over others.
Internet started to emerge. Explaining to Generation Y that there was something like Gopher, the game Snake on your
-ity through the Internet will create new and better work/life balances for citizens: wherever and when
Wearable technologies supported by Internet coaching will create well-being lifestyles for young people and the elderly.
and the potential of open innovation based on Web 2. 0 technologies Keywords: small and micro firms, open innovation, Web 2. 0
JEL Classification: O32 Introduction2 In the age of globalization, complex technologies Nonaka, 2007), shortened product life cycles, and
development and application of a variety of Web 2. 0 -based information and communication technologies
already using Web 2. 0 technologies to integrate customers and external experts into their innovation
supported through new Web-based technologies might also offer benefits and advantages for SMES to
Web 2. 0 technologies and platforms and related concepts such as crowdsourcing (Howe, 2008), co -creation (Winsor, 2005), or user innovation
through online Web 2. 0 technologies. Our empirical analysis will address three research questions. First
analysis. Finally, this study will assess how Web 2. 0 technologies can serve as an intermediary in
technologies (ICTS) and Web 2. 0-based applica -tions. The rapid development of these technologies
Web (Terwiesch and Xu, 2008. For example Innocentive, an online innovation platform founded in 2001 by Eli lilly, shows how online technologies
on the Web can support later stages of the innovation processes, help to identify new
social technologies of the Web 2. 0 as tools to open up the innovation process of SMES (Piva et al
open source software communities on the Web can help SMES overcome financial constraints and access external competencies and valuable
potential of Web 2. 0 innovation platforms and communities to support the open innovation activities of SMES outside the special case of the
based on Web 2. 0 and social technologies. Many of the problem areas identified could be eased and
practices based on Web 2. 0 and social technologies Therefore, in the course of the interviews, decision
It is obvious that the Internet already plays an important role in the small and micro firms
â€oethe Internet is essential for us because it offers a huge amount of specific information that is needed to offer even better
â€oewe are trying to use the Internet in the best possible way. †If necessary we are also
technology and Internet trends Furthermore, the prerequisites of the surveyed firms are very good for the strategic application of new
Through using the support of Web 2. 0 technologies in applying open innovation practices information generation can be simplified and
managing Web 2. 0 based initiatives. Thereby, strong competitive thinking as well as a focus on self -interests can be an obstacle for collaborations and
detail how Web 2. 0 based technology like online idea and design contests, innovation platforms and
Harnessing the Power of the Oh-So-Social Web, MIT Sloan Management Review, 49 3), pp. 36-42
Internet Marketing in the Internationalisation of UK SMES, Journal of Marketing Management, 13 (1-3), pp. 9-28
Effects of the Internet on the marketing communication of service companies, Journal of Services Marketing, 19 (2), pp. 63-69
Facebook and value co -creation, Marketing Review, 10 (2), pp. 169-183 49. Mckinsey (2008.
Building the Web 2. 0 Enterprise 50. Morgan J. and Wang R. 2010. Tournaments for Ideas, California Management Review, 52 (2), pp. 77-97
The Internet and Foreign Market Expansion by Firms, Management International Review, 42 (2), pp. 207-221
ï Het gebruik van Web 2. 0 ter ondersteuning van open innovatie en collectieve creativiteit
ï Web 2. 0 Readiness Scan ï HR Toolbox 7 Table of contents 1 Why does open innovation in SMES deserve more attention?..
CEO€ and sent an additional email with detailed information about the study. In total, we contacted 18
the growing impact of the Internet, television, and other distractions at night. Løgstrup and Schmidt
Philips also opened the Philips My Kitchen Web site and blogs where recipes could be added
and where people could learn inspirational ways to fry food. Finally, Philips collaborated with some snack producers, such as Mora
audiovisual tools on the Internet. Entrepreneurs and small business managers are triggered not to learn and to become more innovative by studies
10-15 minutes) of 50 to 100 interesting cases around Europe and uploading them on Youtube
In 2006, Netflix, a major movie rental company, organized a crowdsourcing contest on the Internet. The idea
The contest was a huge success. Three years later, the Web-based movie rental service company awarded a team of mathematicians
Creating a Strategic Center to Manage a Web of Partners. California Management Review 37,146-162
risks, to enlarge its social networks, or to reduce costs Hoffman and Schlosser, 2001; Mohr and Spekman, 1994
risks, to enlarge its social networks, or to reduce costs Hoffman and Schlosser, 2001; Mohr and Spekman, 1994
ï Het gebruik van Web 2. 0 ter ondersteuning van open innovatie en collectieve creativiteit
ï Web 2. 0 Readiness Scan ï HR Toolbox 7 Table of contents 1 Why does open innovation in SMES deserve more attention?..
CEO€ and sent an additional email with detailed information about the study. In total, we contacted 18
the growing impact of the Internet, television, and other distractions at night. Løgstrup and Schmidt
Philips also opened the Philips My Kitchen Web site and blogs where recipes could be added
and where people could learn inspirational ways to fry food. Finally, Philips collaborated with some snack producers, such as Mora
audiovisual tools on the Internet. Entrepreneurs and small business managers are triggered not to learn and to become more innovative by studies
10-15 minutes) of 50 to 100 interesting cases around Europe and uploading them on Youtube
In 2006, Netflix, a major movie rental company, organized a crowdsourcing contest on the Internet. The idea
The contest was a huge success. Three years later, the Web-based movie rental service company awarded a team of mathematicians
producers, but also in the wave of internet-related in -novators, or in the small group of successful startups
such as Google, e-Bay or Amazon, surviving the new economy bubble, or in the top list of companies offer
Email: a. bonaccorsi @gmail. com; Tel:++39 050 22 17 378; Fax:++39 050 22 17 333
of the internet, originate from this source (Flamm 1988; Lowen, 1997. Since the USA devoted a large
invention of the internet at CERN, all the major breakthroughs originated from academic research carried out by US scientists and/or in US universi
5. Internet (UCLA/DARPA; packet switched multinetworks; http and html protocols; WWW (Berners-Lee 6. Computational complexity;
-ties were important sites for applied, as well as basic, research in hardware and software and contributed to the development of new hard
elsewhere, universities served as sites for the dissemination and diffusion of innovation throughout the industry
-ware applications after the internet revolution. The creative skills of small firms were commercially ex
†the Internet works today because of abstrac -tions that were products of the human imagina
govern how data flows through the Internet what happens when packets get lost, and so on NRC, 2004: 18;
We downloaded from the internet all CVS of all top 1, 000 scientists in the Citeseer service, as of end
Web of Science count of publications at the end of 2005. These cover only a subset of journals consid
-vations of the PC (in the 1980s) and the internet (in the 1990s) were introduced, the US system already
waves of IT associated to the PC and the internet ex -actly because they had experienced already the early
LLC (extracts from Wikipedia Books LLC 2010b. German Computer scientists. Memphis, TN Books LLC (extracts from Wikipedia
Bresnahan, T F and M Trajtenberg 1995. General purpose tech -nologies. engines of growth. Journal of Econometrics, 65 (1
The internet: an experiment that escaped from the lab. In Computer science. Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field, National Research Council
published on the INNO-Grips website Acknowledgements We would like to thank the experts who reviewed the exposã and interim draft of this Policy Brief:
For example, while the US are home to companies such as Google, Microsoft and Ama -zon which are all fairly young
in order to become the Googles, Microsofts or Amazons of tomorrow. The Euro -pean Commission†s â€oeinnovation Union†Communication of October 2010, one of seven flagships of the
ï Internet research with key search words such as â€oehigh-growth enterprisesâ€, â€oegazelles†Data from various secondary sources is used here not only for exhibiting numbers of high-growth enterprises
Companies like Microsoft, Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu -28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008;
Website informing entrepreneurs about where to seek finance for certain stages in the life of an enterprise in a certain region may be helpful when all pieces
for example for operating the website and search tool, for promotional and informational local events as well as for advisory services e g. about EU
EEN provides an internet-based business platform to facilitate companies†networking activities. However SMES€ deeper participation in such platforms may be limited for several reasons:
Websites (English versions to ease readers†follow-up †Korean versions were used for this case study ï Korea Credit Guarantee Fund (KODIT:
through internet protocol product distribution services for multinational corporations. The com -pany was incorporated in 1999 in collaboration with an India-based technology company that
had years of experience in running niche distribution for internet-based products and solutions The company has business representations in countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand
Websites ï Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR: http://www. a-star. edu. sg
http://blogs. straitstimes. com/2010/8/29/national-day-rally-part-2 ï SPRING Singapore http://www. spring. gov. sg
http://www. google. ca/#hl=en&biw=958&bih=444&q=lerner+impact+sbir&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs rfai=&fp=23e
Websites ï Ontario programs: http://www. ovcf. com /ï Quebec programs: http://www. newswire. ca/en/releases/archive/March2010/03/c6611. html
web article: http://mikevolker. com/2010/09/b-c-investment-tax-credit-program /Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6
Websites ï Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor (MOIT), http://www. moit. gov. il ï Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS), http://www. moit. gov. il/Cmstamat/Rsrc/Madaanenglish/Madaanenglish. html
Available at http://www. proinno-europe. eu/sites/default/files/IG-WS2 HIGH -growth smes summary v1. 0. pdf
-europe. eu/sites/default/files/newsroom/2010/12/Innogripsii report barriers. to . internationalisation. a nd . growth 0. pdf Shane, Scott (2009:
Websites Allan Martel Consulting: http://www. allanmartelconsulting. com, last accessed May 2011 Autorola: http://www. autorola. co. uk, last accessed May 2011
ISI Web of Knowledge: http://www. isiwebofknowledge. com, last accessed May 2011 Korea Eximbank: http://www. koreaexim. go. kr/en2/index. jsp,
Country Name of activity, organisation Objectives and main characteristics Website Focus level EU Denmark Accelerace
sites/accelerace/engli sh /**Estonia Arengufond â€oethe Development Fund performs risk capital investments into the starting and growth-oriented technology com
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