Water Bullets Nonlethal weapons employ many different technologies, but using water bullets could be the easiest to use and also the least dangerous.
Are water bullets a likely candidate for nonlethal weapon technology, and how long before police forces are equipped to use them?
31. Crowdsourced Court System If a court system were developed using crowdsourcing to form its jury decisions,
In the future, robotic earthworms will be used to silently mine the landfills and replace whatever is extracted with high-grade soil. 43.
including year-round crop production, protection from weather, support urban food autonomy and reduced transport costs. Scientifically viable in 2023;
A booming tech start-up economy and a thriving arts and restaurant scene have helped this old Civil war tourist magnet do something that places across the USA have been trying to do for decades:
Athens-Clarke County, Ga. 116,353 171 Everett, Wash. 103,135 171 Fort Collins, Colo. 144,329 171 Murfreesboro, Tenn. 109,172 171 Lansing
Two miles north on Meeting Street, workers are putting the finishing touches on a 13,000-square-foot renovation of the long-vacant 1926 Standard oil regional headquarters building that soon will be home to about a dozen small creative businesses.
She calls themour secret weapon and says she can hire good engineers here for about half the cost of comparable workers in Silicon valley.
They re now in the midst of an huge expansion at their headquarters east of downtown, which will add 1, 200 more employees by 2015.
The first group, the innovators, are a small group of people who actively seek out risks and new challenges.
The Apple headquarters boast more Teslas than a Tesla showroom. Early buyers were not price-sensitive and placed a premium on service and design.
and in turn bringing along the more risk-averse parts of the population. More so than any other group, they will determine the success of an innovation.
And to more strongly compel these slightly more risk-averse buyers, Tesla is covering the cost of the power for these stations.
and more risk-averse. And though they look to the previous group for guidance they often have practical considerations that make it hard to adopt a change.
These more risk-averse groups will need power stations all around them and ultimately it will need to be easier than owning a gas fueled car.
Drones are moving quickly from the battlefield to the farmer s field. They are on the verge of helping growers oversee millions of acres throughout rural America and saving them big money in the process.
While much of the attention regarding drones has focused recently on Amazon and UPS seeking to use them to deliver packages,
000 for a military-style device are equipped with infrared cameras, sensors and other technology controlled by a pilot on the ground.
drone use has been relegated largely to the military, but law enforcement and other government agencies can apply to the FAA for special permission to use them in civil airspace.
Gilbert Landolt, president of the Des moines Veterans for Peace chapter said while he and others have protested the way the U s. military uses drones for operations overseas,
they concede the technology could be beneficial for some with the proper oversight. There are good uses for drones,
However, this entire security process will eventually be automated down to a fraction of the time it takes today,
The same goes for TSA-like security agents on the front end of airports. Within the next decade, 90%of those jobs will be gone as well.
it s easy to develop some paranoia about the dangers ahead. However, much of today s technology is giving us superhuman attributes.
Philosophers With companies in a constant battle overmy-brain-is-bigger-that-your-brain, it becomes the overarching philosophy that wins the day. 13.
for the first time ever, begin to control nature s greatest forces. Details here. 16. Global System Architect 17.
and company s security systems are all generating enormous quantities of data, and it all needs to be stored,
Emergency Crews for when things go wrong. Bio-Factories Based on using living systems bio-factories represent a new process for creating substances that are either too tricky
As with all industries, there are many micro-forces driving the changes in future agriculture. But there are three dominant trend lines precision, relevance,
Biohacking Inspectors and Security 134. Swarmbot and Drone Operators and Managers 135. Plant Educators An intelligent plant will be capable of re-engineering itself to meet the demands of tomorrow s marketplace.
Airport Security systems Dismantlers 144. Airport Customs Dismantlers Living on the edge of tomorrow! Extreme Innovation Outside of the multiple categories listed above are a number of unusual jobs, many still decades away.
In the future, robotic earthworms will be used to silently mine the landfills and replace whatever is extracted with high-grade soil. 147.
Nano-Weapons Specialists Many of the weapons of the future will be too small to be seen by the human eye. 158.
and climatology to one where the true power-brokers will wield the forces of nature. Final Thoughts In much the same way that the 1985 Apple Laserwriter gave birth to desktop publishing,
#Building a Drought-Proof Farm (Op-Ed) Peter Lehner is executive director of the Natural resources Defense Council (NRDC.
O'connor an agricultural water policy analyst says the FCIP should be reformed to encourage risk-reducing farming techniques like those championed by Gabe Brown
and reduce the risk of crop loss. We weatherproof our homes; it makes sense to climate-proof our farms.
The nation can't afford to put our farmland or our farmers not to mention taxpayers at risk by not protecting farms from extreme weather.
The FCIP can help farmers transition to less risky farming by becoming a true risk-management policy instead of a crutch.
(and can according to existing law) offer lower rates to farmers who embrace low-risk water-smart practices like cover cropping no-till farming and more efficient irrigation.
Reforming the FCIP to encourage soil-protective climate-proofing techniques will make our farms more resilient
and move or protecting property and people once the tornadoes have arrived. Â Â Predicting twisters The Moore Okla. tornado touched down at 2: 56 p m. CDT (3: 56 p m. EDT) on May 20
Better prediction gives people more time to seek shelter when a tornado is bearing down.
The actual time most residents had to seek shelter was been longer because it took the tornado time to reach them.)
Tornado protection Once a tornado is on its way though saving lives can be a matter of having a place to Go in Moore students at Plaza Towers Elementary huddled in interior hallways
War Zone Sad experience is teaching that some old tornado safety tricks aren't as effective as hoped particularly
Interior hallways are suggested usually the shelter spots but in Joplin doors and glass windows at either end of long halls were destroyed by debris creating a dangerous situation Gallus said.
Another option would be tornado shelters another feature frequently missing from Tornado Alley construction. The storm shelters today are designed for 250 mph (402 km h) wind speeds
and we feel that is higher than will ever be experienced at the ground level in a tornado said Ernst Kiesling a mechanical engineer at Texas Tech and the executive director of the National Storm Shelter Association.
Shelter from the storm Unfortunately cost prevents homeowners in even tornado-prone areas from installing these shelters.
In Oklahoma Kiesling said perhaps one in every five newer homes has an in-home shelter
or safe room a reinforced room that can be used on a day-to-day basis as a bathroom or storage closet.
And of course some homes can't be retrofitted mobile homes for example have no slab to fasten a shelter to.
In-ground shelters can be equally as elusive in mobile home parks. The landowner is typically not the homeowner
so who is going to make the investment to make a shelter in the mobile home park?
The Federal Emergency Management Agency provides funds in some areas to offset the cost of constructing safe rooms.
#Cold war Nuclear Radiation Creates Anti-Poaching Tool (ISNS)--Radioactive carbon atoms created during 20th-century nuclear bomb tests could help save elephants
Nuclear bomb testing Carbon-14 is produced naturally by cosmic rays interacting with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere.
But in the 1950s and 1960s the United states and the former Soviet union conducted hundreds of aboveground nuclear bomb tests that nearly doubled the concentration of carbon-14 in the atmosphere.
The aboveground explosions were banned in 1963 and since then the concentration of carbon-14 has been steadily declining as natural processes remove it from the atmosphere.
and other microbes in medical tubing could greatly reduce a patient's risk of infection.
or security where images can be produced invisible or on credit cards or currency. How this would work with a dynamic display is not clear Guo said.
#How Bomb Tests Could Date Elephant Ivory Bomb tests generations ago could indirectly help fight illegal poaching of African elephants new research shows.
Nuclear weapons tested in the atmosphere in the 1950s and'60s spread a radioactive variety of carbon worldwide which was picked up by plants during photosynthesis
A critical tool Atmospheric bomb testing caused a spike in carbon-14 that has declined slowly in the past 50 years.
Secondly we need to be much better at providing security for elephants to assure detection apprehension
President Barack Obama announced today (July 1) a major initiative to fight illegal wildlife trafficking. While on a visit to Tanzania he will sign an executive order to convene a task force to address the issue focusing in part on poaching in Africa according to the White house.
and ips stem cells provide promising alternative ways to heal illnesses without raising people s temptations to engage in such attacks he said referring to the destruction of human embryos.
Who among us would want to take that risk of bringing someone into this world that would be defective?
They are faster and more comfortable than standard bicycles and many offer protection from foul weather.
gases and a savings of more than 3 billion gallons (11 billion liters) of gasoline. It is true that this represents a small fraction of total U s. greenhouse-gas emissions
And NASA sees 3d printed food as a revolutionary way to make personalised meals for astronauts.
Consumers will most likely demand adequate protections to ensure the development of printed foods does not limit their access to
A lot of variables Yet making projections about water security is challenging because there are a number of factors to consider
and sustainability and is part of the series The War for Wildlife: Dispatches from the Wildlife Conservation Society.
Poachers are escalating the global war on wildlife through advanced technologies and techniques. In Asia they are hacking into the signals from tigers'satellite collars to find
Yet with perennially limited funds government park rangers community eco-guards and conservation groups struggle to keep up.
Commonly called drones UAVS were once the domain of the military; now these devices show great promise in strengthening wildlife law enforcement.
The technology also has tremendous potential for patrolling coastal fisheries. To move beyond law enforcement to crime prevention the evolution of UAV technology must first be guided by a few practical cost-saving priorities.
They might consider a fisheries agent based on a coastal atoll who uses a tethered balloon carrying a radar sensor to detect all vessels that enter the community's no-take fishing sanctuary.
With a modest influx of financial support conservationists could soon have the technologies we need to expand the reach of eco-guard patrols
Two rpm is the maximum rotational period crew members could tolerate without running the danger of dizziness and disorientation.
Special precautions would be necessary to minimize the danger of fire in the high-oxygen environment.
Once proper postharvest technologies are used efficiently food losses can be minimised and the problem of food insecurity alleviated.
As a result bottom up studies struggle to attain large sample sizes that would give confidence that they are broadly representative of the whole industry.
and once it reaches FAS headquarters in Manaus Brazil can be grouped and analyzed using Google Fusion Tables Ribenboimsaid referring to Google's Web application for gathering visualizing and sharing data tables.
and the forests and take photos documenting the most important threats Pintea explained. The villagers also document the presence of more than 20 species with a focus on chimpanzees for instance
Through this data-collection process the JGI has identified previously unknown threats to chimpanzees. Even in the first few weeks of a forest villager getting his smartphone he reported this trap designed to capture a live primate we think either a baboon
To raise awareness of these threats WWF along with a coalition of nongovernmental organizations called Eyes on the Forest worked with Google to build a catalog of maps detailing the changes in the region over time including shifts in the forest cover;
Although the long time between satellite images makes it difficult to actively search for threats to tigers he said Google technology has been helpful in illustrating the pace of deforestation in the region and its effects on tiger and elephant habitat.
since the 1980s when an estimated 100000 African elephants were killed each year by poachers these massive mammals face additional threats posed by human activities such as commercial logging
and armed conflict WWF says. Save the Elephants a Kenya-based organization dedicated to elephant protection
and research is using Google technologies to help protect elephants from some of these dangers.
The group uses GPS collars to track elephants in Africa providing the organization with live detailed information about the animals'location and movements.
and other dangers and help take action if a threat is detected Douglas-Hamilton said. 12 Strangest Sights on Google earth
When an elephant stops moving we can then send a Google earth file indicating the place where the elephant is stopped he said.
Then the Kenyan Wildlife Service can send out a patrol to go out and investigate. We're at a crucial stage now where we can act
and uploading it to computer networks security is definitely a concern experts say. Indeed even as engineers develop the technologies others are working to crack them.
and even in 2100 long-lived CFCS will remain the dominant ozone destroyers. But schedules are in place to phase out most of the remaining chemicals of concern.
says WASHINGTON DC-based David Doniger, a policy director for the Natural resources Defense Council. Michael Wara, a researcher at Stanford university in California, is convinced less that HFCS need be addressed under the Montreal Protocol.
Fotis Kafatos, president of the ERC, said that the commission's response was welcome but not particularly revolutionary.
Polar-bear protection: The US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed on 22 october to designate around 500,000 square kilometres of critical habitat 96%of which is sea ice for the polar bear.
but the designation would add another layer of protection by also making it illegal to conduct activities that adversely affect the bear's habitat.
although four in five children now have access to lifesaving vaccines, at least another US$1 billion is needed annually to help raise immunization rates above 90%.
The US Department of energy has awarded $151 million to 37 research projects through the recently formed Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E). Based on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,
Research Scientific espionage: A former Los alamos nuclear-weapons physicist says that he is under investigation for espionage.
The researcher, P. Leonardo Mascheroni, spoke to the Associated press on 22 october, two days after he says FBI AGENTS raided his home.
The bureau confirmed an ongoing investigation into his activities. Mascheroni, who worked in the lab's X Division in the 1980s,
In September, the trial was said to show that a vaccine combination reduced the risk of HIV infection by nearly one-third.
US producers of corn ethanol are encountering increasing scepticism from the legislators on Capitol hill even as producers of the'greener'cellulose-derived ethanol struggle to move beyond basic research and development.
a year's extension of the subsidies and protections granted under current law. But they had been hoping for a longer extension,
to avoid a similar battle next year, and industry officials say the government still is not giving advanced ethanol companies the kind of support they need to scale up their technologies
director of renewable energy policy for the Natural resources Defense Council in New york. There's a sort of belief in Washington that corn ethanol is one of these topics where everyone has to toe the line,
Anthrax report The US National Academy of Sciences has delayed releasing a long-awaited report on the investigation into the 2001 anthrax attacks, after a request by the Federal bureau of investigation (FBI.
The report examines the scientific evidence used by the FBI to accuse microbiologist Bruce Ivins of the attacks,
the FBI said hundreds more pages of previously undisclosed documents should be considered by the investigation,
In 2005, Fenn lost a legal battle over the patent rights to Yale university in New haven, Connecticut,
Patient protection US President Barack Obama has asked his bioethics commission to review the recent discovery that US government-funded scientists intentionally infected subjects with syphilis in a study in Guatemala in the 1940s (see Nature 467,645;
a'Quadrennial Energy Review',modelled on an existing defence review. Oil-spill budget Scientists have welcomed a long-awaited peer-reviewed US government report on the short-term fate of the oil from the Deepwater horizon spill in the Gulf of mexico this summer.
and poses cancer risks. Tuna quotas Fisheries regulators are showing little mercy to the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus),
which is in danger of being wiped out by commercial fishing. On 27 november at a meeting in Paris, members of the Madrid-based International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas,
more than two years after the species was given a protection status of'threatened'by the US Endangered Species Act.
and his wife injured in a bomb attack on 29 november in Tehran. Another nuclear scientist, Fereydoun Abbasi-Davani,
and his wife, survived an identical simultaneous attack. See page 607 for more. Scientist threatened Animal-rights activists mailed razor blades and a'threatening note'to neuroscientist David Jentsch at the University of California, Los angeles, in November, the university said last week.
a decades-old law intended to safeguard against plant pathogens from overseas. Previous types of GM plants are covered
foreign genes can be fired into plant cells on metal particles shot from a'gene gun'.
and particle bombardment is less predictable, often yielding multiple, fragmented insertions of the new gene.
or run the risk of over -or under-regulating GM plants, says Roger Beachy, a plant biologist at Washington University in St louis, Missouri,
Scientists and conservationists are alarmed by the damage that mining is causing to the land and its people.
what to do with the mines once they are exhausted, and they leave behind mountains of sand and rock,
Now the government is tightening the screws on illegal mining, and scientists monitoring its impacts are on the front lines of a battle between miners,
environ  mental campaigners and the authorities. In February the Peruvian government banned mining in Madre de dios outside a designated 500,000-hectare corridor (see map)
and ordered that all miners must formally register a yearlong process that requires the mine operators to produce a work plan, an environmental-impact assessment and a cleanup strategy, among other requirements.
By setting aside a specific area for mining, the govern  ment hopes to regulate the industry more effectively
and to protect parks and the territories of indigenous people. But miners who have worked outside this newly designated corridor for decades with the government s tacit approval fear for their livelihoods
and the Madre de dios Mining Federation in regional capital Puerto Maldonado has campaigned strongly against the legislation.
The government began raiding mining camps outside the corridor in late March, but in many of those areas miners have returned
Only around 4, 000 miners in the region have met the government s deadline of 13 Â June to register their mining activities,
But mining is already beginning to encroach on these areas, and was threatening to become more widespread.
2011) showed that mining is deforesting Madre de dios faster than any other activity. Using satellite imagery,
the study s authors found that deforestation in two prominent mining zones increased sixfold between 2003 and 2009,
including many of the mining hotspots. Most previous mapping studies have assigned land to only two categories  forested
towns and mining areas together, and making it difficult to track the impact of the gold rush.
including mining, agriculture and five different classes of forestry. Scullion says that there is a misconception among locals that researchers are against mining.
Not so, he says  he just wants it to be done in a more sustainable way,
whether land should be used for logging, mining or conservation. The data could also help to guide where Â
Mining is also taking its toll on local people. An estimated 45-50 Â tonnes of mercury are used each year in Madre de dios to extract the prized gold,
2012) to show the scale of the health threat from mercury in Madre de dios. She found that in mining zones,
The global gold-mining industry, including leading mines in Peru, has switched mostly to an extraction process that uses cyanide,
is the key to environmental protection in the long run. So I believe we should pursue what I call a"No Regrets policy steps that will lead to lower emissions,
whether the risks of global warming materialize and regardless of whether other nations take effective action.
and to ensure our national security, but today the UK, Singapore, China, and Korea are making competitive investments in research.
We have made also critical investments in research and development to bolster our national security and defense. And my budget continues to support making permanent the R&d tax credit
global pandemics and/or deliberate biological attacks? To further improve preparedness, we must continue to invest in the best public health monitoring systems that can be built.
To the contrary, teachers unions are consistently on the front lines fighting against initiatives to attract and retain the best teachers,
and scientists say energy security and sustainability are major problems facing the United states this century.
And all Americans can rest assured that the nation s security is no longer beholden to unstable but oil-rich regions half way around the world.
and enforcing strong environmental protections that ensure all energy development activity is conducted in a safe and responsible manner.
and environmental protection can go hand-in-hand if the government focuses on transparency and fairness instead of seeking to pick winners
as well as animal diseases and even terrorism pose risks. What steps would you take to ensure the health, safety and productivity of America s food supply?
and children and the elderly were more at risk. I signed the most comprehensive reform of our nation s food safety laws in more than 70 years â oe giving the Food and Drug Administration the resources,
bolstered surveillance used to detect contamination problems earlier, and responded to illness outbreaks faster. I am also working to bolster the use of organic farming methods
so that we can decrease the use of those pesticides that have higher risks of health impacts.
because they provide the greatest control over the potential risks of contamination and are generally the most cost-effective.
and others in the supply chain with specific knowledge of the risks, diversity of operations in the industry,
. and global fresh water is now at risk because of increasing consumption, evaporation and pollution. What steps,
which will serve as a sanctuary for native Florida plants and wildlife. We have created or enhanced more than 540 public coastal recreation areas,
and protect our national security; to create the jobs of the future, and live longer, healthier lives.
Kevin Wolf/APENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYDEPARTING: Lisa Jackson On entering office in 2009, Jackson (pictured) laid the groundwork for climate regulations by formally declaring carbon dioxide a dangerous pollutant.
Perciasepe, currently deputy administrator at the environment agency, developed a watershed-protection programme while previously at the agency under Bill clinton.
itself inspired by a similar defence-department programme, says Cohen. Once technologies are developed, government agencies could use their buying power to expand production
copycat proliferation of their technology, are already working on terminator-like safeguards. Bowman was a regular customer for Monsanto s herbicide-resistant soya beans for his main crop,
Without that protection, companies say, they have little recourse to prevent someone from buying seed
For accurate billing and theft protection, Gingko needs to control that use, so it is developing
and Republican senator Roger Wicker (Mississippi) was charged with threatening injury and death by the Federal bureau of investigation on 18 april.
A former postdoctoral researcher at St jude Children s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, Bois last year successfully challenged a DHHS judge s denial of his request for a defence hearing.
In 1999, they finally produced a tasty variety that contained the Vf defence gene, bred in from an unappetizing relative.
Even armed with modern breeding techniques and 15 Â known defence genes in the apple family
instead used a gene gun to fire DNA-coated gold particles into plant cells. Some of that DNA is incorporated then into the genome.
In 2012, APHIS regulators invited Mackenzie to the organization s headquarters in Riverdale, Maryland, and questioned her about this hypothesis. APHIS eventually notified her that it would not regulate her plants a decision that Mackenzie says has accelerated her research
He notes that Agrobacterium inserts genes more efficiently than the gene-gun method. Although zinc-fingers are appealing for their specificity
If he had used a gene gun, he would have inserted DNA haphazardly and in a manner more likely to damage other sites in the genome yet this remains the unregulated method."
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