the level of education as well as the uniqueness of the offered product/service. The institutional variables used include the ease of doing business
including opportunity motivation for startups that belong to a technology-intensive sector, the entrepreneur's level of education,
The Higher education Authority (HEA) is developing an enterprise engagement strategy, within which entrepreneurial education will be an important part.
This strategy will set out performance indicators and measures to benchmark entrepreneurial activity in Irish higher education.
A range of modules in commercialisation are now being offered across Higher education Institutes (HELS) at undergraduate and postgraduate levels,
Enterprise needs to play a more central role in education to help HEIS provide an environment supportive of entrepreneurship.
For example, Accelerated Campus Entrepreneurship (ACE) has supported eight HEIS embed entrepreneurship within their curriculums, and develop an extensive range of programmes to promote entrepreneurship education.
An Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Learning Module has been adopted by 17 different higher education institutions and in June 2014 ACE rebranded itself as CEEN (Campus Entrepreneurship Enterprise Network), marking its transition to a national network.
CEEN is available to all HEIS interested in developing entrepreneurship education9. The evolution of this programme will be vital in developing future entrepreneurship education in Ireland.
EI, LEOS, DES, Únag) Map relevant entrepreneurship activities in higher education institutions as part of the overall strategy for higher education engagement with enterprise and embed entrepreneurship support within the HEI System Performance Framework.
DES) Develop an enterprise engagement strategy for higher education to include entrepreneurial education as an important part of the national framework for enterprise engagement.
HEA) Set out performance indicators and measures to benchmark entrepreneurial activity in Irish higher education. DES, HEA) Develop an Entrepreneurial Phd programme with a view to training more scientists in SFI supported research teams to launch their own businesses.
the universities and the Institutes of Technology to bring together the State's support structures in a way that works for the entrepreneur.
The Government funds Campus Incubation facilities on every university and Institute of technology and these accommodate over 350 companies and over 1, 500 people.
and researchers in HEIS by facilitating smaller‘right-sized'projects for companies to address specific individual industry needs. 3. 2 High Potential Startups High Potential Startups,
and The irish Research Council's Employment-Based Postgraduate programme (Phd and Masters). The publication of an Intellectual Property Protocol designed to make it easier for business to engage with academics by providing clarity
these should help companies enter into appropriate forms of contract with HEIS more easily and accelerate the transaction process.
There is clearly a benefit in making contracting between companies and HEIS as swift and easy as possible.
and supporting guidance notes for business including specific‘HEI/Startup guidelines'to facilitate the interaction between industry and HEIS, for inclusion in the IP Protocol.
Through EI, the Government funds Campus Incubation facilities at every university and Institute of technology. These incubators house over 350 companies and over 1, 500 people. 5. 3. 3 Co-working Spacethe Entrepreneurship Forum highlighted the importance of the availability of co-working spaces
Participation and progression rates in entrepreneurship modules in HEIS will be tracked to ensure best practice and to support the expansion of successful programmes.
across HEIS DES Unavailable at date of publication Performance across STEM DES Unavailable at date of publication National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship in Ireland 57 Business Environment & Supports A wide range
Drives the commercialisation of research from higher education research institutions by supporting the development of innovations at all stages of the commercial pipeline to the point where they can be commercialised as new products, services and companies. 2011: 79 Projects 2011:
Risk Acceptance Business Risk Start-up Skills Skill Perception Tertiary education Opportunity Perception Opportunity Market Agglomeration Note:
Employment and Investment Incentive scheme GEDI Global Entrepreneurship Development Index GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor HEA Higher education Authority HEI Higher education institutions HBAP Halo Business
the United states ranked just twenty-eighth out of thirty-four nations studied by the OECD in 2010.17 And in terms of government investment in university research, of thirty-nine nations,
and increased support for technical and community colleges, including the National Science Foundation (NSF) Advanced Technical education program. 24 Surface Transportation Infrastructure The United states is facing a surface transportation crisis. The roots of our current crisis lie in our failure to invest, particularly in more and better roads,
exactly as predicted by financial experts PAGE 15 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 like Aswath Damodaran, professor of business at the Stern School of business at New york University.
Luke A. Stewart and Robert D. Atkinson, University Research Funding: Still Lagging and Showing No Signs of Improvement (ITIF, December 2013), http://www2. itif. org/2013-university-research-funding-no-sign-improvement. pdf. 19.
This would increase at the same rate as nominal GDP. 20. Matthew Stepp and Robert D. Atkinson, An Innovation Carbon Price:
of which are operated for the government by industrial firms, nonprofit research institutes or universities. The 2014 Source-Performer Matrix Performer of R&d Source of Fundssource:
The sequester-associated reductions in 2013 U s. R&d had pronounced a effect on university research activity, among other areas.
As a group, the nation's research universities are the second largest performer of U s. R&d, accounting for 13%of the U s. total,
U s. universities continue to lead world rankings. ARRA funding for academia has expired. Funding Trends & Outlook In response to the 2009-2010 recession,
The scale of university research activity is indicated by 2011 spending, which is the most recent year for
the University of Wisconsin at Madison (including WARF), Duke university, the University of California at San diego and the Massachusetts institute of technology (including Lincoln Laboratory).
At the system level, the University of California and the University of Texas topped the list, accounting for $5. 4 billion and $2. 5 billion in research, respectively.
Looking ahead, funding at these institutions will continue to be among the $63 billion expected to be spent on U s. academic research in 2014
Sequestration impacting U s. universities Strong Position Masks Emerging Concerns The Times Higher education (THE) World University rankings reflect continued leadership of U s. educational institutions
S. U s. U s. Standing Among World's Top Universities Source: Times Higher education rankings Despite this positive track record, the U s. academic research enterprise faces challenges, many of which were expressed as concerns by researchers responding to the survey on
which this forecast is based partly: Effect of reduced U s. federal R&d funding (84%.%Insufficient R&d budget to accomplish goals (66%.
Among the responses to these concerns is a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences entitled Research Universities and the Future of America,
which makes ten recommendations that recognize the association between university research and U s. prosperity and security.
In Their Own Words Comment from the Battelle/R&d Magazine Global Researcher Survey Over the coming years, it will be increasingly critical to clarify the role of universities and their relationship to corporations in technology development.
both in terms of the university teaching mission and the research carried out at universities. If universities are expected to perform as for-profit companies,
driven by short-term returns on investment, then the foundations upon which major high-risk scientific discoveries are made will eventually erode.
although European universities are regarded well in global standings. Survey results indicate that U s. applied research is viewed more favorably than Europe,
European universities place second only to U s. universities in the latest Times Higher education World Rankings,
with about 71 European universities ranked in the Top 400, compared to 77 U s. universities.
THE rankings are based on 13 performance indicators in areas involving teaching research, knowledge transfer and global outlook.
The U k. had the largest number of European universities in the top 400 list with 29.
Universities have become increasingly important sources of innovation and collaboration in life science research in applied areas like drug discovery,
Battelle, R&d Magazine Basic Research Applied Research Development Consulting & Other Total Academia/University 29%25%1%1%56%Research Institute
and likewise the same as university and government R&d. While there are differences in the research being undertaken,
Aligning the supply of graduates with the demand of the regional labour market necessitates actions that target the improvement of the curricula, the services and the research capacities of the relevant higher education institutions.
Policy support contributed to higher education institutions'capacity upgrading and has intensified their linkage building with industrial companies.
Although most of the research centres (and of the researchers) are in the public sector or in public universities,
R&d-intensive MNC subsidiaries, indigenous enterprises and R&d performers and services providers (the region's universities) could all benefit from an unprecedented volume of support.
and collaborate with universities received generous support, which definitely intensified these activities. Universities'research infrastructure was renewed and extended:
expensive research 5 The source of all data in this section is the Hungarian Central Statistical Office,
and ensure thereby a predictable source of income to universities and provide at the same time opportunities for them to engage in innovation collaboration with industry actors.
There are a number of corporate research departments in this industry that collaborate with the Széchenyi University-based centres of excellence.
this industry features the most intensive industry university collaborations. Another notable industry in the region is the wood industry.
The key related actor in WT's innovation ecosystem is the Natural resources Research Centre of the University of West Hungary,
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Higher education R&d(%GDP) HU22 HU EU27 0. 00%0. 10%0. 20%0
Intensify regional universities'market-oriented R&d activities, including R&d services provision, collaborative R&d with industry;
which necessitates the continuous improvement of the relevant higher education institutions'curricula as well as their student services. Higher education institutions'research capacities needs to be improved further
and research undertakings should be incorporated better in institutions'educational curricula. At the same time well-devised incentives should be elaborated to channel additional students to these faculties.
The third challenge is to improve the commercialisation of research results in the region, and enhance the market-oriented character of research undertakings.
Consequently the reluctance of industry representatives to engage in collaborative innovation undertakings with university-based research performers needs to be overcome by well-targeted incentives.
Universities'technology transfer offices should be strengthened and better integrated in universities'research ecosystems. Meeting this challenge also necessitates the restructuring of the mix of innovation policy measures that are currently excessively supply-oriented.
More policy measures ought to target demand (market for technology and entrepreneurship (start-up and spin-off formation.
of the region's higher education and research facilities; and of innovation services providers still figure high among the policy objectives.
or industry-university-specific collaborative innovation, support 20 Regional Innovation Monitor Plus to the development of incubation and innovation management services,
3) development of higher education institutions'infrastructural, organisational and R&d capacities; 4) innovation collaboration. A large number of beneficiaries (251) 17 received support from a measure that facilitated business enterprises'investment in new technology:‘
)‘ Support to ICT-based research and higher education'(number of regional beneficiaries: 2). Some policy measures targeted human resources development:‘
)‘ Support to regional and sectoral collaboration of higher education institutions'(number of regional beneficiaries: 3);‘)‘ Support to the development of higher education institutions'curricula in mathematics, engineering,
natural sciences and information technology'(number of regional beneficiaries: 3). Several other innovation-specific support measures were incorporated in the Enterprise Development Programme of the New Széchenyi Plan.
and the Human resources Development OP contains the priority of investment in higher education institutions'infrastructure and human resources development).
The presence of higher education institutions and the substantial development of their research infrastructure; the intensifying industry-university linkages and the availability of dedicated support to innovation collaboration have led to the emergence of foreign investors'strategic asset seeking motivations in the 2000s.
These new motivations have prompted several investors to increase their local commitment and upgrade their existing facilities.
This initiative received support from the Social Renewal Operational Programme in 2013 under the programme (Support to regional and sectoral collaboration involving higher education.
Regional Innovation Monitor Plus 27 Regional higher education institutions are important actors from the point of view of AM.
Széchenyi University in Gyor is a key stakeholder in AM-specific policy implementation. AM-related priorities are present both in the regional smart specialisation strategy and in county-level strategies.
'A third measure targeted industry university innovation collaboration (Support to regional and sectoral collaboration involving higher education.
In 2013 for example, support was allocated within the framework of this latter measure (Support to regional and sectoral collaboration involving higher education) among others to a machinery
and mechatronics-oriented consortium (with several regional higher education institutions) and to Széchenyi University that formed a consortium with its automotive partners.
One exception is the previously detailed call (Support to regional and sectoral collaboration involving higher education)
including the Regional Development Agency, Pannon Business Network Association, Chamber of commerce and Industry of Gyor-Moson-Sopron County, three regional universities (Széchenyi University, University of West
Hungary, Pannon University (a Keszthely-faculty). When asked about good practice cases, regional stakeholders usually mentioned the PRACTING initiative that combines AM-specific objectives with another policy field that is highly relevant for the region's knowledge-based upgrading:
In the framework of this scheme, students in Széchenyi University spend a praxis semester at a company.
Additionally, company representatives deliver courses at the university and finance investments in the university's research infrastructure.
An AM-specific, policy supported initiative that can be considered a good practice case is the Mobility and Environment Programme of Széchenyi University and Pannon University,
Since the completion of this programme in 2012, Széchenyi University has gained support for several other collaborative research initiatives the implementation
alternative fuels and drive systems (sponsored also by the Social Renewal Operational Programme (incorporated in New Széchenyi Plan's Science and Innovation Programme) and a collaboration project among automotive industry related higher education institutions
(Széchenyi University, University of Miskolc, University of Óbuda, Pannon University and Kecskemét College). This latter project supports the development of consortium members'domestic (with industrial partners) and international linkages, members'collaboration in the field of research and innovation,
Given Széchenyi University's outstanding linkage building efforts and results, i e. its large and diversified portfolio of industrial companies that have over time become strategic partners of the university,
endeavours related to meeting this challenge can also be considered successful. 3. 3 Appraisal of Regional Innovation Policies In a Hungarian context,
such as the promotion of cluster-based collaboration, industry-university innovation collaboration, promotion of start-ups and spin-offs, etc. complemented the traditional supply-oriented ones,
Policy support contributed to regional higher education institutions'significant capacity upgrading and has intensified their linkage building with industrial companies.
If universities'investment had ensured thereby long-term research collaboration with industrial partners and guaranteed a sustained source of income to fund the new equipment related research undertakings of both students
However, the contracts related to these projects (that were signed between universities and the Intermediate Bodies of the National Development Agency) were incomplete24.
sustainability was taken not into account (universities had no funding to employ a person who operates the research equipment
purchase of low-cost items necessary for research based on the use of this equipment) and sustainability has this become hot issue for the university owners.
At the national level, only aggregate evaluations are investigated available that the‘impact'of policy interventions along broad thematic priorities (e g. evaluation of programmes that supported higher education;
Beneficiaries are located either in convergence regions'large‘university cities 'or in Central Hungary and operate in the machinery industry (25%of the total in February 2013), metal processing (18%);
The measures that supported‘university/public research organisation and industry'-collaboration were considered effective. Some of the conditions of eligibility for support were considered superfluous by the experts who drafted the evaluation report, for example,
2013) addressed support programmes that targeted higher education, including measures that supported the enhancement of these institutions'services;
and investment in higher education institutions-based R&d. The key messages of the report were as follows. Between 2007 and August, 2012, the total amount of support allocated to higher education institutions was HUF250B (€0. 9b.
The number of professors and lecturers who received training was 2, 400 until 2011; the number of implemented R&d projects was 180.
In summary, the Hungarian higher education could benefit from complex infrastructural renewal. The impact of organisational capacity building is reflected by the diffusion of strategic planning practices,
long term strategic agreements between the government and the higher education institutions can provide better incentives for and control of these activities than contracts between these institutions and the National Development Agency.
The position of newly established technology transfer offices is usually weak within their universities. Evaluation experts recommended that universities'basic research projects should be addressed separately from applied
and collaborative (industry-university) undertakings and funded from different sources. Regional knowledge centres should not be expected to meet the same criteria as science universities:
the primary task of the former group is to ensure alignment between the supply of graduates and the demand of the regional labour market,
and participate actively in collaborative applied research undertakings with regional industry actors. A third evaluation report (Horváth et al.
Innovative clusters are more likely to concentrate in innovative areas (e g. in urban, metropolitan regions and near universities),
%Analysis of additional documents (newspaper articles, cluster documents, documents of industry university collaboration, the company's website, etc.
In addition to the traditional policy instruments, such as direct support to enterprises'R&d and technology development initiatives, to universities'investment in research infrastructure, to collaborative projects etc. more emphasis is going to be laid on the establishment of competence centres Improvement
Despite a range of policy instruments and programmes targeting the improvement of the infrastructural conditions of higher education, especially in engineering and natural sciences,
and promotion of industry-university collaboration were considered more or less successful (by the interviewed stakeholders). Nevertheless, multinational companies'regional embeddedness is still to be improved,
A recent achievement is the development of an electric car (prototype) at Széchenyi University Gyor and its successful testing in urban traffic. 25 In the future,
Kardos, K. 2011) Practice-oreinted engineering education at Széchenyi University in Gyor. In Hungarian, Available at:
2013) Evaluation of programmes targeting higher education. In Hungarian, Available at: http://palyazat. gov. hu/a felsooktatast celzo programok ertekelese 13.
www. kozszov. org. hu/dokumentumok/2011konf/zold nagy viktoria. ppt Appendix B Stakeholders Consulted 1. Tibor ALPÁR, Dean, University of West Hungary, Simonyi Károly
Faculty, Natural resources Innovation Centre (Sopron, 01.07.2014). 2. Zoltán FARSANG, innovation manager, Pannon Novum, Regional Innovation Agency (Szombathely, 02.07.2014). 3. András
). 5. János RECHNITZER, Professor, Széchenyi University Gyor, Institute for Regional Studies, MTA KRTK, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Gyor,
Higher education/Training and Lifelong Learning 69,00 67,86 70,07 2010 RCI 98,5 101,7 Labour market efficiency 47,00 40,86 55,03 2010 RCI 85,4 115,0
, 03 0, 19 0, 25 2011 Eurostat 12,0 15,8 Higher education R&d(%GDP) 0, 25 0, 25 0, 48 2011 Eurostat 52
We will increase higher education ICT graduates by 60 per cent between 2015 and 2018, commensurate with resourcing, meeting 74 per cent of demand through domestic supply in 2018.
and linkages are growing strongly. 4 Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO (2014: The Global Innovation Index 2014:
with the target set for 2018 of having 74 per cent of the supply needs of the sector being met through increased output from our higher education sector.
and need for extra provision in a number of areas that will be the focus of engagement between the HEA and higher education institutes.
and work. 60 per cent increase in higher education ICT graduates, meeting 74 per cent of demand through domestic supply in 2018.
including over 211,000 students enrolled in third-level courses across Ireland's universities and institutes of technology.
in the six years to 2014, the higher education system delivered 25,000 extra places. There is strong alignment of mainstream education
or 29 per cent of higher education students are enrolled in Science and Engineering courses and over 50,000 higher education students are enrolled in Social sciences,
including Business and Law, equating to 25 per cent of total student enrolments. The system has responded also to emerging skills needs in high-growth sectors,
including the development of a strong network of engaged Higher education institutions and 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 29 further education providers
Since 2008, there has been a 50 per cent increase in annual graduate output on ICT programmes from the higher education system.
We will increase higher education ICT graduates by 60 per cent between 2015 and 2018 commensurate with resourcing.
The Higher education Authority is examining issues related to retention on ICT courses, and the National Forum for Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in higher education is funding a research project in this area. 30 A key goal is to enhance awareness of ICT careers to prospective students.
Significant progress has been made in raising STEM participation in schools notably a 74 per cent increase in higher level maths take-up in Leaving certificate since 2011.
The Department of education and Skills and the Higher education Authority are co-funding a promotional campaign centred on a new website www. ictworks. ie
DES) 2 Implement Cycle 2 of the Strategic Dialogue process for 2015 under the higher education performance framework 2014-2016, including monitoring of performance metrics for skills including those identified by the EGFSN
and achieve a step change in enterprise engagement in higher education institutions. HEA) 3 Through strengthened collaboration between Government, the education system and industry and as part of the goal of making Ireland the most attractive location in the world for ICT skills and ability, implement the key actions from the ICT
HEA, HEIS, Employers) 4 Incentivise 1, 250 additional places in 2015 on Level 8 ICT programmes.
DES, HEA, HEIS) 5 Devise and implement a programme around a single website portal, through industry and agencies working together,
and engagement between enterprise and higher education providers to roll out Level 8 ICT Conversion programmes as part of the Springboard 2015 programme.
HEIS, HEA, Employers) 7 Enhance industry input to programme content, provision of work placements and promotion of ICT programmes as part of the implementation of Skillnets ICT Conversion Programmes.
Higher education institutions to continue to support Coder Dojo in provision of space, administrative supports and mentoring.
The success criteria for this action include supporting a specified number of annual summer camps at a range of higher education institutions and offering ICT-related courses.
HEA, HEIS, Employers) 12 Increase the pool of researchers strongly positioned to take up employment in industry in Ireland.
HEIS, HEA, Employers) 14 Publish an integrated 2015 Further Education and Training (FET) Services Plan that includes provision to meet the FET skills needs identified in various published EGFSN reports and sectoral studies.
SOLAS, ETBS, HEIS) 16 Develop new Apprenticeships in response to proposals from key sectors of the economy.
Únag) 47 ETBS and higher education institutions to target provision to meet local and regional employer needs,
SOLAS, ETBS HEIS) 38 Support for Local and Rural Development 48 Each Local authority will make an integrated Plan, for the promotion of economic development and local and community development in its area.
Major HEI/Industry research partnerships using, e g.,, SFI's Partnership and Spokes schemes programmes; International collaborative research applications through Horizon 2020 and US Ireland schemes;
Recruitment of leading energy researchers to Irish HEIS, using, e g.,, SFI's Research Professorship scheme;
Placement of HEI researchers in relevant energy industries using e g. SFI Industrial Fellowship scheme; and Development of at least one large bid in the Energy field to Horizon 2020 e g. for infrastructure/test bed/demonstrator that would be used nationally and internationally.
SFI, HEIS, EI, IDA, SEAI) 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 43 58 Accelerate commercialisation of research and technologies through greater linkages with enterprise and entrepreneurs.
i Shortly digital course Facility Here's College comple After E previo lecture course confid enoug About About Mome projec give jo job op health http://Momeh O'brien & job after com
SFI) 185 Map relevant entrepreneurship activities in higher education institutions as part of the overall strategy for higher education engagement with enterprise and embed entrepreneurship support within the HEI System Performance Framework.
DES, HEA) 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 87 186 Develop an enterprise engagement strategy for higher education to include entrepreneurial education as an important part of the national framework for enterprise engagement.
HEA) 187 Set out performance indicators and measures to benchmark entrepreneurial activity in Irish higher education. DES, HEA) 188 Work with the Department of Social Protection to promote the Back to Work Enterprise Allowance,
000 second level students and the advancement of a range of projects in the higher education sector, including the DIT Grangegorman project.
Hospital Holles St to the St vincent's University Hospital campus, and the primary care infrastructure programme and a considerable number of smaller health care infrastructure projects across the country.
under stu University Ho nnovation Hu lation of Linc the Respirat the engagem e patient car lications for visitation for ucation;
D/Health) 293 Publication and enactment of Technological University Bill. DES) 294 Use the standardisation system intelligently to expedite the commercialisation of new technology
Gross domestic product GNP Gross national product H2020 Horizon 2020 HAP Housing Assistance Payment HEA Higher education Authority HEI Higher education institutions HOOW Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth HRB Health
ESDN Office at the Institute for Managing Sustainability Vienna University of Economics and Business Welthandelsplatz 1, Building D1, A-1020 Vienna, Austria E:
The Transition concept emerged from the work of permaculture11 designer Rob Hopkins with his students of Kinsale Further Education College.
Science Communication Unit, University of the West of England, Bristol. Report produced for the European commission DG Environment, February 2014.
The example we are showcasing here is the famous experience of the Grameen Bank started by university professor Muhammad Yunus in 1976,
After returning from his graduate studies in the US to be a university professor in Bangladesh
Science Communication Unit, University of the West of England, Bristol. Report produced for the European commission DG Environment, February 2014.
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