"Dimensões e Espaços da Inovação Social, written by the Portuguese professors from Lisbon University-Isabel André and Alexandre Abreu in 2006 and"The Process of Social Innovation",by Geoff
as facilitators of balance between cooperation/competition, allowing the optimization of resources and continuous learning with the reduction of information exchange costs.
and Student Protests in London 2011), to new user/public service provider interactions (Fix My Street, for instance;
and lifelong learning to adapt to changing skill requirements. Conversely labor market sectors which require lower skill sets have seen employee's terms
) and is an environment of learning and innovation on real and virtual level and is a center of knowledge, information management, technology,
. & Wellman, B. 1997) Asynchronous Learning Networks As A Virtual Classroom, Communications of the ACM, September, 40,9, 44-49.
The Origins and Characteristics of Innovation in Highly Innovative Areas, Innovation, Networks and Learning Regions, London:
He holds a Bachelor's degree in Computer engineering from King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand, A m. S in Management Information systems,
Tim Klaus is an Assistant professor of Management Information systems at Texas A&m University Corpus christi. He earned his Phd (Management Information systems) from University of South Florida and his MBA (Finance) and MS (Computer science) from Illinois State university.
For example, it shows that the Department of computer science at the University of Sheffield is to establish a Computer science Ambassador Scheme for 45 secondary school pupils
which will deliver short‘hands on'courses in core computer science for pupils aged 14-15,
and students to engage with computer science in a fun way. Schaart said that the Commission has promoted rightly digitalisation and its adoption by society as one of the most important sources for growth and employment.
The Commission wants to scale up current student placement programmes to give students the skills they need to fill the vacancies in the ICT sector.
Less than 10%of app developers are female and only 20%of computing graduates each year are women.
000 students and contributed to the creation of more than 100 start-ups. In March, The European commission created a new forum dedicated to enhancing digital entrepreneurship in Europe,
and the council and define a playground where innovation can emerge. Successful entrepreneurs have written the Startup Europe manifesto of 22 recommendations to encourage innovative new business.
Age disparities were detected also with high school pupils having sometimes better skills than higher education graduates. From the lack of access to digital equipment in schools and higher education institutions to the lack of access to open education resources and effective e-skills, the European commission has identified a number of priorities for the coming years through its‘Opening up Education'strategy.
between 50%and 80%of students never use digital textbooks or exercise softwares while 70%of teachers are asking for training to improve their digital skills.
And while more than 90%of pupils are likely to have internet access at school, the number drops to 45%in Croatia and Greece.
and money in training students and teachers but also the use of free to use education resources,
which also means that lifelong learning will become indispensable. Retraining will have to happen several times in the course of a career
Opening up Education is about opening minds to new learning methods so that our people are more employable, creative, innovative and entrepreneurial.
learning and equipping education institutions, students and teachers, such as Erasmus+,Horizon 2020 and the European structural funds.
it's about attracting the best students, the best teachers, the spokesman said. Member states will have to apply for the money available from all of these sources,
transparent and replicable testing of open learning environments, open education theories, new business models, open education computational tools,
when we say that the digital literacy is on the top of our agenda, said Greece's minister for Development, Competitiveness, Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, Kostis Chatzidakis.
whereas more than 50%of students do not make any use of digital textbooks and other digital educational resources, the minister continued.
by using interactive means in the classrooms and ensuring high-speed internet in all schools, he said.
students will benefit from the creation of e-courses and e-textbooks in an effort to make them familiar with new tech trends.
Professor Paul A. David, All Souls College, Oxford OX1 4al, UK Tel.:44+(0) 1865+279313 (direct;+
"The precipitating event in the formation of this"problematic"view of the digital information technology was an offhand (yet nonetheless pithy) remark made in the summer of 1987 by Robert Solow, Institute Professor at MIT and Economics Nobel laureate:"
and equipment involving heavy fixed costs and commensurately expanded scales of production, induced a high rate of capital accumulation.
and individuals in learning to utilize a new technology be treated for national income accounting purposes? The factor payment side of the official National income and Product Accounts (NIPA) include the expenditures that this may entail--for labor time and the use of facilities,
which they presume reflects the presence of large accumulations of intangible assets. 13 relationship between marketed output
and non-market investments in learning remains more or less unchanged. But that has not been the case.
is likely to induce more than the usual relative level of incremental learning activity; and the advent of digital information processing technologies in particular, having stimulated the creation of new software assets within the learning organizations,
has been marked by a relative rise in the production of intangible assets that have gone unrecorded in the national income and product accounts.
even if the user adopts the new technology, the learning time in mastering new software, the greater number of choices that may need to be made to navigate a growing array of options
while others are part of the learning investments being made by firms in formal and informal on the job knowledge acquisition about information technology. 14 performance of microprocessor components and for many applications,
Most organizations believe that learning to solve these problems will eventually create a greater range of organizational and individual capabilities that will improve profitability.
however, is that the costs of adjustment, learning, and sheer"futzing around"with the new systems on the part of less skilled users will continue to severely constrain their contributions to productivity. 5. Dark Journey Towards the Brighter Future?
1997.18 learning and technology diffusion process indicate that the resources absorbed in the increasing roundaboutness of the transition phase may result in the slowed growth of productivity
David, Paul A.,Invention and Accumulation in America's Economic growth: A Nineteenth Century Parable, in International organization, National Policies and Economic Development, a supplement to the Journal of Monetary Economics,(K. Brunner and A. H. Meltzer, eds.
Prusak L. and Matson E. Knowledge management and Organisational Learning, Oxford university Press, Oxford, 2007 15. Raducanu, A m.,Feraru, V.,Herteliu, C. and Anghelescu, R. Assessment of The Prevalence of Dental Fear and its Causes Among Children and Adolescents Attending a Department of Paediatric Dentistry in Bucharest
The Challenges to Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations, Crown Business, 1999 1 Acknowledgements This work was cofinanced from the European Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme Human resources Development 2007-2013,
networks and other vehicles to spread methods, learning and skills; coordinated leadership; and enabling cultures.
More recently, there is an emerging literature focused on learning from frugal or‘jugaad'10 approaches to innovation,
there has been a considerable increase in the body of scholarship on social innovation, with many researchers and academics contributing their own definitions. 16 We discuss here a number of emerging themes amongst these definitions in order to highlight some of the tensions,
opportunities/events Information and brokerage support Knowledge transfer programmes Learning forums and insight legal advice, marketing services, fis cal and accounting services, HR advice
like the Professor Why initiative in Poland where pupils and students design and take their own chemistry courses.
the report lists cultural literacy (the ability to recognise and exploit social, cultural, lifestyle, and ethnic distinctions) and a reflexive approach to knowledge and practices among the core competencies that are crucial in creating A Culture of Innovation.
According to the Dutch Professor Hans Opschoor innovation essentially implies that creative people who lead economic and social development,
UNESCO, as the coordinator of Education for All (EFA), has made the promotion of education as a fundamental right, the improvement of the quality of education and the stimulation of innovation and the sharing of knowledge and best practices one of its priorities.
Only a unique mix of actions and measures together with a serious effort to continue the learning process can ensure a positive and truly innovative outcome.
such as the Nigerian Virtual Library for Universities and Institutions of Higher Learning and the development of a multidisciplinary UNESCO portal with several sub-portals.**
and the power of machinebased learning and reasoning can be exploited more fully. Autonomic control loops and its formalisms 29 30, such as FOCALE 25 and Autoi 21 23 translate data from a device-specific form to a device
technology literacy and expectations, openness to risk and innovation. Furthermore, it should be studied whether and how these attributes,
and also a playground for future discoveries and innovations, combining research with experimentation. The heterogeneous and modular field of Future Internet Research and Experimentation with its national and international stakeholder groups requires community and cohesion building
as well as learning capabilities that improve elements behaviour. An essential target of the Project effort is to develop innovative cross-layer design optimization approaches that alleviate the shortcomings
The authors introduce their ideas on how to enable systems to automatically construct semantic context by learning from the available content.
We introduce our ideas on how to enable automatic construction of semantic context by learning from the content.
representation schemes for its semantic context can be constructed by learning from data. In the target representation scheme, metadata is divided into three levels:
In this chapter we introduce our ideas on how to enable systems to automatically construct a semantic context representation by learning from the content.
the focus will be on the context learning and automatic inference for high-level features. The mid-level features are assumed to be available
Section 4 presents the proposed technique Semantic Context Inference in Multimedia Search 393 for semantic context learning and inference for mid-level to high-level matching;
and Retrieval The proposed semantic context learning and inference approach analyses the inter-relationships between the high-level queried concepts
the learning process and the inference process. In the learning process which is carried usually out off-line.
First, several mid-level features are extracted using any specifically designed classifiers. A subset of the database randomly selected for training purpose is annotated then manually on the high-level query concept.
The learning process concerns learning of both the network structure and probability tables of nodes.
Fig. 1. Semantic inference work flow One important feature in this module is that the Bayesian network model is constructed automatically using a learning approach based on K2 algorithm 8,
and the abstractness and sparse distribution of the query terms throughout the dataset. 6 Conclusions In this chapter an approach for semantic context learning and inference has been presented.
A bayesian approach to unsupervised one-shot learning of object categories. In: Proc. ICCV, vol. 2003) 11.
Object class recognition by unsupervised scale-invariant learning. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 2 (2003) 12.
easier and enriched life across many domains including home life, education and learning, working, and assisted living.
exploratory and participative playground combining Future Internet push and urban policy pull in demand-driven cycles of experimentation and innovation.
which create territorial innovation systems combining knowledge-intensive activities, institutions for cooperation and learning, and web-based applications of collective intelligence 8, 9. Box:
Intelligent cities, from the new intelligence of cities, collective intelligence of citizens, distributed intelligence, crowdsourcing, online collaboration, broadband for innovation, social capital of cities, collaborative learning
while accelerating the learning curve for operating smart cities. The second task consists of initiating large-scale participatory innovation processes for the creation of applications that will run
to investigate experiential learning of the Iot in an open and environmental data context, and to facilitate the co-creation of Smart Cities
4) the Smart Museum and Park where natural and cultural heritage feed learning; and (5) the Smart City hall where mobile e-government services are delivered.
while group interactions and future benefits of learning about the product are relatively more important to explain consumption of more complex content.
For example, in educational products, the amount and level of content absorbed are both important to measure consumer progression in learning.
de Expertgoep voor de Doorlichting van het Vlaams Innovati instrumentarium, 2007.12 Storey D. J.,Understanding the Small Business sector, Thomson Learning, pp
and that the effectiveness of the knowledge is limited to the degree of complementarities with other types of learning as often found with family firms.
Managers are challenged to provide an organizational culture that encourages employees to actively participate in learning and effective knowledge sharing.
The accumulation of knowledge is important early in the life cycle of firms as it can establish sustainability through its characteristics (West and Noel 2009),
a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35,128 152. Covin, J, & Slevin, D. 1989).
assessing the construct's validity and addressing some of its implications for research in the areas of family business and organizational learning.
Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35,1504 1511. Dubini, P, & Aldrich, H. 1991).
The effects of knowledge-based resources, market orientation and learning orientation on innovation performance: an empirical study of Turkish firms.
) Exploratory learning, innovative capacity, and managerial oversight. The Academy of Management Journal, 44,118 131. Mcgrath, RG, Mcmillan, IC,
Tools aimed at mutual learning across borders should be promoted. Beyond the participation in transnational co-operation networks, where regional policy-makers can take profit from each other's experience and practice,
The Case of Hungary and Romania Oana-Maria Pop*Hasselt University campus Diepenbeek Agoralaan Building D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
oanamaria. pop@uhasselt. be*Corresponding author Nadine Roijakkers Hasselt University campus Diepenbeek Agoralaan Building D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
and a more rapid accumulation of new knowledge (Parida et al, 2012; Van de Vrande et al, 2009.
There is a creative team (made up of students at the University of Arts as well as independent artists)
increase student numbers as well as provide alternative forms of revenue in an increasingly challenging financial climate.
innovation fairs, nonconventional lessons to promote entrepreneurial spirit, mutual-learning workshops, and internships for undergraduate and postgraduate students and academics in the private sector (particularly in SMES).
The following are suggestions of good practices based on comments from participants: Ostrobothnia (FI) and Norwegian regions establishing long-term strategic partnerships with their universities through institutional dialogue;
and business partners both at the level of technological development, new skills development through innovation hubs and other new modes such as collaborative doctoral programmes.
The project offers courses and extracurricular activities to students at Aarhus University. These activities aim to develop students'entrepreneurial and innovative skills,
providing them with beneficiary competences for both current studies and future jobs. Shortcut to Knowledge project at the university's Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation (CEI:
Developing R&d human resources (e g. doctoral school programme, supporting researcher mobility top scientists, postdoctoral researches, full-and part-time studies of foreign Phd students, semester abroad
for Estonian Master and Phd students etc..24 REPORT ON JOINT EUA-REGIO/JRC SMART SPECIALISATION PLATFORM EXPERT WORKSHOP:
Improving and developing study programmes (new curricula and modules), teaching quality, training of teaching staff at university, e-education (e-courses, study aids etc..
increasing the choice of study programmes, or including a mobility element in joint regional short-term study programmes,
are also direct benefits from crossborder cooperation. However a restraint for regional cooperation lies in the diversity of approaches
and delivery of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes that are deemed to be in areas of high importance nationally;
while students are attracted by and benefit from reduced course fees. University of Warsaw, Poland At the University of Warsaw the EU Structural Funds form an important part of the annual budget (28%of an annual budget of €240 million.
and research institutions located in the region leading to new partnerships in teaching, research and common use of infrastructure and accumulation of human capital.
and investing in education, skills and lifelong learning. Two examples from different fields: Assistive Technologies and Community Healthcare Development (HDTI) The Assistive Technologies and Community Healthcare Development Project was established to increase innovation,
. uk/pdfdir/iahi0809. pdf iiihttp://www. comscore. com/Press events/Press releases/2010/3/UK LEADS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN SMARTPHONE A doption with 70 growth in past 12 months iv Ofcom Adults Media Literacy 2010 v
-foundation. tagmap. co. uk/xv Ofcom digital literacy report
1 Study on Social Innovation A paper prepared by the Social Innovation exchange (SIX) and the Young Foundation for the Bureau of European Policy Advisors 2 European union/The Young Foundation 2010 Information and views expressed in the study are those of the author (s),
care, housing and education) and opportunities for learning and employment. 8 Public sector Innovation growing social needs,
The European Research Area Board, chaired by Professor John wood, recently outlined its vision for the European Research Area towards 2030.
and from new models of learning and eldercare to new ways to reduce waste, empower communities and transition to a low carbon economy
the first private higher education institution in South africa to offer a virtually free business degree to students from disadvantaged backgrounds,
And societies as a whole immerse 27 themselves in the business of learning new habits, rules, and ways of seeing
Learning and adaptation to ensure that the innovation achieves social impact and continues to do so as the environment around it changes.
which help to spread learning and best practice. One example is the sustainable urban development network URBACT
In Singapore, Biopolis, a two-million square foot research centre brings together scientific leaders and postdoctoral students and in the Basque Country,
which play a key role in integration various marginalised groups into the labour market 47 including adults with learning difficulties,
allowing students who achieve the minimum requirements to train as hairdressers at school. In the two years it has been running,
all of the 22 pupils who took part are in full time employment. This 53 project has become sustainable through the support of the municipality, and L'oreal.
which participants in small groups (Action Learning Sets) study their own actions and experiences in order to learn
Among SSE students, there is an even split between men and women and a range of educational experiences from those with no formal qualifications to those who are professionally or academically qualified.
Students currently range from 19 to 74 years of age. A recent evaluation by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) concluded that the SSE's learning programme has been highly successful:
roughly 85%of all organisations established whilst at the SSE are still in existence (i e. they are more than one
The package includes a Best Practice Guide made up of Quality Standards and Learning Resources.
and the homesharer is a student who can help with household chores in exchange for accommodation.
Germany's homeshare programme, Wohnen für Hilfe was originally set up in 1992 by the University in Darmstadt to meet the accommodation needs of students and the needs of older people for help in the home.
and between 2005-2008,240 students used homeshare, and 90 people over 60 provided accommodation. In Germany, homesharers often provide a mix of help and a modest rent.
so successful that the majority of students at Barcelona University have at one point during their studies,
Homeshare International aims to sustain good codes of practice and influence policy in housing and the social sector.
students and small manufacturers, the UK based business Riversimple is creating the first, open source, highly energy efficient eco car.
learning) Law, general regulationreporting requirements, metrics, audit 67 1%of total budgets for innovations). Financial devices that support innovation (for example Social Impact Bonds, carbon trading markets.
Instead there is a need for some experimentation and rapid learning. Within any government we argue that social innovation should not be the sole responsibility of any one unit, department or team.
1. Scoping and project design 2. Learning about the users 3. Analysis 4. Idea and concept 5. Test of new concepts 6. Communication of results 7. Measuring Recent projects include‘burden hunting'reducing administrative burdens on Danish companies.
Students are to have a high involvement in the running of the university, being involved actively in different themed planning groups.
More than 450 Harvard courses and over 2, 250 courses worldwide have incorporated Innovations in American Government case studies including Milano Graduate school, University of West indies
Eligibility also varies with some schemes focusing on young adults with learning difficulties or others focusing on the elderly or adults with physical disabilities.
Many MBAS now offer modules on social entrepreneurship, and a market in specialist courses is beginning to emerge.
No existing training provision makes use of the full range of learning tools now available.
Whilst ESF programmes will continue to support those who have difficulties in finding work, this focussed support for innovation within the work place, for life long learning and adaptability,
and courses, ranging from quickly accessible online materials and short courses to fuller diplomas and modules in MPAS and MBAS.
aiding the spread of learning, and sharing and disseminating best practice and new models. For example, looking at the field of technological innovation, the success of Silicon valley can be attributed largely to the clustering of technology firms
clxiii In education‘value added'measures assess how much individual schools‘add'to the quality of pupils they take in-some schools might achieve very good exam results simply because of the quality of their intake.
It provides a framework for learning about what works over time. Conclusion Our specific recommendation is for the European commission to move forward on two fronts:
and investment in more rigorous lesson learning. This has been a key weakness in some past programmes.
which allows for the spread of learning, and sharing and disseminating best practice and new models.
specifically the network of Innovation Agencies (TAFTIE) should focus more on social innovation learning, and European Technology Platforms should be used to promote social innovation.
and managed by its students, from administration duties to facilities management. Two additional key features are partnerships with a great number of businesses in the design and delivery of all programmes-and the requirement of every student to return to their rural schools and communities, during holidays,
to teach what they have learnt. A full account is available in Bornstein, D. 2004) op cit. See also www. cida. co. za;
Available at http://www. gatesfoundation. org/learning/Documents/WWL-report-measuring-estimating-social-value-creation. pdf clx The emerging literature making use of the concept of public value includes Moore,
The focus is now on monitoring and learning. Main challenges: To foster interregional and international cooperation.
The socalled consumer doubles as a domestic producer a cook, a mother, a carer, a shopper, a driver, a nurse, a gardener, a teacher or student entailing so much of
trial and error and rapid learning that are accompanying the birth of this new economy. But we can be certain that its emergence will encourage ever more interest in how innovation can best be supported,
and should evolve through shared learning. Social innovations often struggle against the odds all of our chances of success will increase
Examples include computers in classrooms, the use of assistive devices for the elderly, or implants to cut teenage pregnancy.
PRA uses a range of visualisation techniques such as mapping as a tool for learning about sexual health and reproduction,
An outstanding recent example is New zealand academic John Hattie's work on schools,‘Visible Learning, 'which brings together 800 meta-analyses of
Feedback loops are a necessary precondition for learning, reviewing and improving. This could include front line service research to tap into the expertise of practitioners and front line staff
Examples include the idea of disability rights, closedloop manufacturing, zero-carbon housing or lifelong learning.
personalised learning in schools and self-managed healthcare, and are likely to be critical to future productivity gains in public services. 11 24) Changing roles.
CARE. 7. Hattie, J. 2008)‘ Visible Learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement.'
Nooteboom, B. 2000)‘ Learning and Innovation in Organisations and Economies.''Oxford: Oxford university Press. 12. Laderman Ukeles, M. 2001) On Maintenance and Sanitation Art.
and the role of the prison officer around an intensive learning programme. 1 39) Engagement of ex-users The Arizona Department of Corrections has involved recent prisoners in designing programmes to help others reintegrate into society
they make sculptures using A Learning Prison. The prison is divided up into houses (the image above is a cross section) with cells on the top three floors, a communal space on the ground floor,
and a learning centre in the basement. Image courtesy of Hilary Cottam, Buschow Henley, Do Tank Ltd. 2 participants'bodies to portray events and personal experiences.
but now cover topics as diverse as marketing and healthcare. 76) Participatory workshops are also known as Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) or Participatory Learning and Action (PLA).
2002)‘ Learning Works: The 21st Century Prison.''London: Do Tank Ltd. 2. See Boal, A. 1979)‘ Theatre of the Oppressed.'
the idea being that faster implementation would speed up learning. This idea has now 3 spread into service prototyping
and learning because of the need to freeze the model to allow for formal evaluation. 88) Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTS) test a procedure within a randomly chosen sample of the public.
The combination of social learning and technological advancement that open testing demonstrates has many applications in encouraging sustainable and systemic innovation that is both supply and demand driven.
Under the programme, recent graduates and young professionals spend two years working on various projects, building houses,
Until recently, Un Techo para Chile had no legal status it was simply a loose network of students, young professionals, and residents.
listening, and learning. Management is not only about the 4 70 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION giving of orders
A Pratham classroom. Pratham provides primary education to some of India's most deprived children. Images courtesy of the Pratham team. 5 SCALING AND DIFFUSION 85 157) Distributed diffusion through provision as a social movement.
and promoted fast learning. 165) Endorsement by regulators for example, the impact of NICE in increasing the pressure on healthcare commissioners to take up more cost effective methods,
SCALING AND DIFFUSION 89 through a series of events and learning visits. 168) Global diffusion and encouragement, for example through GBUPA, the World bank's Global Programme on Output-Based Aid,
One example 5 SCALING AND DIFFUSION 93 Organic farming students at Everdale. Everdale is an organic farm and environmental learning centre.
Its purpose is to teach sustainable living practices, and operate a model organic farm. Image courtesy of Everdale. 5 94 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION is Everdale in Ontario, Canada,
and adaptation and learning processes are required for the generative diffusion of innovation. The NHS‘Adapt
and identify new solutions to problems through increased effectiveness, expertise, knowledge transfer, and learning. Collaboration can help institutions work better
The package includes a‘Best Practice Guide'made up of Quality Standards and Learning Resources.
and can be converted into QALYS to demonstrate cost-effectiveness in relation to stated health preferences. 215) Value-added measures in education assess how much individual schools‘add'to the quality of pupils they take in some schools might achieve very good exam results simply because of the quality
The BBC in the UK uses this method as an aid in decision making. 221) Life satisfaction measures are a particularly interesting new set of approaches (led by Professor Paul Dolan)
Another example of this is school inspections inspectors assess and then share good practice. Comparative metrics are used increasingly by international bodies to identify policies which succeed against the grain. 225) Balanced scorecards are a performance measurement tool for assessing
These generally provide a much more objective measure of social dynamics than the indicators chosen by individual organisations to prove their impact. 229) Assessment as learning,
including peer reviews and real time evaluation methods to promote cross-pollination such as NESTA's evaluation of Health Launchpad. 5 106 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION End notes 1. See for example,
or learning according to fundamentally different principles. These invariably involve many different elements. Systemic innovation is very different from innovation in products or services.
giving students the experience of working in small social enterprises. These could play a critical role in training up a future cadre of social innovators. 249) Mutual help and mentoring by users.
and implementation of the programme, served as a process for community learning. The project has acted as a major demonstration programme for national and international applications. 251) Support for new patterns of power and responsibility,
and Bed Zed in the UK. 254) Designing and trialling platforms to trigger systemic innovation including peer-to-peer models such as the School of Everything and digital learning environments such as colleges in second life. 255) Comprehensive pilots,
and a 6 SYSTEMIC CHANGE 121 series of learning events. 272) Organising formal coalitions for change with explicit goals,
600 people gathered outside the power station the UK's biggest single source of carbon dioxide-for ten days of learning and sustainable living,
promote and disseminate learning and best practice. These are promoted sometimes strongly by funders for example, the European commission's sustainable urban development network URBACT and the EQUAL Programme. 126 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Championing innovation Individual roles can be created to scout out,
allow fast learning across a community of innovators; and establish clear pathways for scaling up the most promising models.
a two-millionsquare-foot research centre that brings together scientific leaders and postdoctoral students, with a target of 4, 000 researchers on-site by 2015,
social entrepreneurs, nonprofit organisation managers and others. 296) Innovation learning labs. There are now a range of innovation learning labs within universities.
promoting learning and collaboration across This is the winning team from 2009's Social Innovation Camp.
which is based on theories of learning in action‘learning while doing'.'They have proved an effective tool for practitioners in local government in the UK,
and social entrepreneurship. 305) Action learning sets are groups of between four and seven people who come together on a regular basis to reflect on their work,
where students are divided into action learning sets for the duration of the one year course. 306) Membership organisations like the Royal Society for the Encouragement of the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) in the UK
The flow of information from the periphery to the centre is critical for learning, reviewing and improving.
groups and mobilising ex-offenders in service design (see method 38). 321) Learning cultures. The biggest barrier to innovation is the lack of a culture of learning that rewards public agencies and public servants for learning from their own mistakes learning from other sectors,
and learning from other places. One feature of the most innovative public agencies is that they are comfortable adopting ideas from diverse and surprising sources. 322) Safe spaces for innovation.
Examples include The 27e Region in France. There are 26 administrative regions in France. This virtual 27th‘region'is intended to provide the other regions with the space
including deciding who in a team should benefit. 1 SUPPORT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR 151 This playground at the Nunsmoor Centre in the West end of Newcastle is sure to be one the kids will love,
including Milano Graduate school, University of West indies, and the Hong kong Polytechnic University. The Ford Foundation is a founding donor of the Innovations in American Government Awards.
They were limited to issues such as the timing of school sessions (half of them), changes in school governance such as the size of the governing body or pupil representation (one third),
so that individuals can be transferred from failures to successes. 398) Accreditation, search and recruitment of public innovators by commercial headhunters or government agencies.
This is the West Philly Hybrid X Team, a group of students from West Philadelphia High school's Academy of Automotive and Mechanical engineering with their entry, the EVX.
when a group of students set up their own visual arts studio. The students work Processing bamboo as part of Prosperity Initiative's plan to transform the bamboo sector in Northwest Vietnam.
In two years the project has enabled 22,000 people to move out of poverty. The project's goal is to move 750,000 people out of income poverty across Vietnam, Lao PDR and Cambodia by 2020.
The students are responsible for running the studio and raising funds. In this way, it combines creative freedom, business practice,
and collaborative learning. The idea has spread and there are now Room 13 studios in Mexico, Nepal, Austria, South africa, USA, Turkey, Holland, China, and Canada.
Here, Uprisers are taking part in a learning session at the Roffey Park Leadership Retreat.
Many MBAS now offer modules on social entrepreneurship, and there is a thriving market in specialist courses. 433) Training for future leaders.
The learning programme is based on‘learning through doing 'and peer-learning. 487) Mutual support networks such as Community Action Network (CAN) which promotes social entrepreneurship
Issues such as the distribution of working time, the valorisation of voluntary labour, the content and channels of life skills learning, the role of many of the social and educational services, the arrangements for retirement and unemployment, the size
For example, there is now a Health Information Accreditation Scheme in the UK which gives kite marks to organisations that produce information and moderate websites and forums.
and opening parts of parks or schools for residents and students to grow flowers, fruits, and vegetables.
which can then be eaten by students at lunchtime. 515) Community centres that merge into household activities childcare, entertainment,
Examples include hyper-local website Boscalicious Year 1 pupils from Collaton St mary Primary school dig up organic potatoes
asthma networks, homework clubs, or gardening groups as well as citizens engaging in formal activities through volunteering.
In 2008, campers converged on Kingsnorth power station for a week of learning, sustainable living and climate action.
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