but by distributing complexity to the margins to the local managers and workers on the shop floor,
and invisibility of garbage workers. 12 She set out to do the 1 PROMPTS, INSPIRATIONS AND DIAGNOSES 23 opposite of
which actors and non-actors play out stories of oppression (abusive husband mistreating his wife/factory owner exploiting the workers etc.).
The aim is to tap into the experience and insight of front line workers, who are placed often best to identify problems.
or groups of front line workers, professionals, and citizens. Within universities the usual form is a grant,
Taking innovative front line workers out of service roles and putting them into incubators or prestigious time-limited roles to turn ideas into business plans (with the time costs then potentially turned into equity or loans).
or workers, or participants, but their culture is social, are committed to the communities in which they operate, providing work, services, and support.
and engaging individuals as workers. In some cases, firms have used the particular relations that characterise households as a channel for selling.
from managers to front line workers. 323)‘ Top slicing'departmental budgets for innovation, for example, 1 per cent of turnover as a rough benchmark (similar to the proportion of GDP now devoted to government support for technological and scientific research and development).
management and trade unions in a quality programme for upgrading public services. 392) Supporting front line workers as innovators such as the joint IDEO/Kaiser permanente (KP) project in the US.
or freeing up time for public sector workers to volunteer for socially innovative projects. 394) Secondments of public sector employees into‘skunk works',innovation teams,
between public service workers and civil society, and make the boundaries between them more fluid. 399) Inside-outside teams linking civil servants with social entrepreneurs and those working with communities,
The MONDRAGON group is now the third largest industrial group in Spain it has built up a network of 140 worker cooperatives and employs over 100,000 people.
using the mobile telephones to support frontline workers or using cable television or the Internet to strengthen local communities.
Finally, the name of the employing workers indicator set has been changed to labor market regulation, and the scope of this indicator set has also been changed.
and on benefits provided to workers. The labor market regulation indicators continue to be excluded from the aggregate distance to frontier score
The labor market regulation indicators (formerly employing workers) are included not in this year's aggregate ease of doing business ranking,
specifically as it affects the hiring and redundancy of workers and the rigidity of working hours.
Over the period from 2007 to 2011 improvements were made to align the methodology for the labor market regulation indicators (formerly the employing workers indicators) with the letter and spirit of the International labour organization (ILO) conventions.
http://www. doingbusiness. org/methodology/employing-workers. Doing Business 2015 presents the data for the labor market regulation indicators in an annex.
several assumptions about the worker and the business are used. The worker: Is a cashier in a supermarket
or a grocery store Is a full-time employee Is not a member of the labor union, unless membership is mandatory The business:
and regulation but does not grant workers more benefits than those mandated by law, regulation or (if applicable) collective bargaining agreements.
Doing Business 2015 Spain LABOR MARKET REGULATION Employment laws are needed to protect workers from arbitrary or unfair treatment and to ensure efficient contracting between employers and workers.
Many economies that changed their labor market regulation in the past 5 years did so in ways that increased labor market flexibility.
and (iv) the ratio of the minimum wage to the average value added per worker. The average value added per worker is the ratio of an economy's GNI per capita to the working-age population as a percentage of the total population.
Difficulty of hiring index Data Fixed-term contracts prohibited for permanent tasks? Yes Maximum length of a single fixed-term contract (months) It depends on the type of fixed-term contract:(
including renewals (months) 12 Minimum wage applicable to the worker assumed in the case study (US$/month) 1140.02 Ratio of minimum wage to value added per worker 0. 31 Source:
and (vii) the average paid annual leave for workers with 1 year of tenure, 5 years of tenure and 10 years of tenure.
No Paid annual leave for a worker with 1 year of tenure (in working days) 22.0 Paid annual leave for a worker with 5 years of tenure (in working days) 22.0 Paid annual leave for a worker with 10
years of tenure (in working days) 22.0 Paid annual leave (average for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure, in working days) 22.0 Source:
ii) whether redundancy is disallowed as a basis for terminating workers;(iii) whether the employer needs to notify a third party (such as a government agency) to terminate 1 redundant worker;(
iv) whether the employer needs to notify a third party to terminate a group of 9 redundant workers;(
v) whether the employer needs approval from a third party to terminate 1 redundant worker;(vi) whether the employer needs approval from a third party to terminate a group of 9 redundant workers;(
vii) whether the law requires the employer to reassign or retrain a worker before making the worker redundant;(
viii) whether priority rules apply for redundancies; and (ix) whether priority rules apply for reemployment.
Difficulty of redundancy index Data Maximum length of probationary period (months) 2. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law?
Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed? Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed? No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed?
Yes Third-party approval if 9 workers are dismissed? No Retraining or reassignment obligation before redundancy? No Priority rules for redundancies?
No Priority rules for reemployment? No Source: Doing Business database. Doing Business 2015 Spain 86 LABOR MARKET REGULATION Redundancy cost Redundancy cost measures the cost of advance notice requirements,
severance payments and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weeks of salary.
The average value of notice requirements and severance payments applicable to a worker with 1 year of tenure, a worker with 5 years and a worker with 10 years is considered.
One month is recorded as 4 and 1/3 weeks. Redundancy cost indicator (in salary weeks) Data Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker
with 5 years of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal (average
for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure) 2. 1 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 9 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal
for a worker with 5 years of tenure 14.3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 28.6 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (average for workers with 1, 5
and 10 years of tenure) 15.2 Source: Doing Business database. Social protection schemes and benefits & Labor disputes Doing Business collects data on the existence of unemployment protection schemes as well as data on
or for their workers to find affordable homes. Running or hosting Makerspaces, Hackerspaces, Living Labs or Urban Labs:
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website without again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs
and to negotiate terms with manufacturers to ensure a living wage for workers assembling the devices.
Fairphone works with factories where a specially established fund will ensure decent wages are distributed amongst workers.
legislators and government workers. Since any open-licensed project can be hosted on Github for free,
or for their workers to find affordable homes. Running or hosting Makerspaces, Hackerspaces, Living Labs or Urban Labs:
so that the public service workers in London can maintain their own website without again gathering all the experts from the various boroughs
and to negotiate terms with manufacturers to ensure a living wage for workers assembling the devices.
Fairphone works with factories where a specially established fund will ensure decent wages are distributed amongst workers.
legislators and government workers. Since any open-licensed project can be hosted on Github for free,
Skills to reorganise, skills to innovate Europe is skilled not short of technical workers. Schools and universities produce a steady flow of graduates trained in software programming, network design and other technical aptitudes,
Job opportunities will be broadened as the networks require workers with new skills and integration across new technology areas.
and Robert Owen's approach to workers'welfare are social innovations the present turmoil and technological progress offer new opportunities to harness these initiatives to promote social-policy goals
The Mismatched Worker. New york: W. W. Norton & Company. Keck, Margaret E, . and Kathryn Sikkink.
A Comparison of Older and Younger Workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 47: 104 112,2005.
grow faster and employ more workers. Fostering Innovation-driven Entrepreneurship in Europe 35 Toomas Hendrik Ilves President of Estonia The role of innovation-driven entrepreneurship in your economy:
the continued improvement of our European workers'skills and knowledge; the access to adequately priced financing, in particular for SMES;
Recent successes by The netherlands in improving the conditions for innovation-driven entrepreneurship are the top sector approach, valorization grants and an action plan for skilled technical workers.
while an equal number say it is challenging to find workers with the skills they need.
Healthnet one of the most widely implemented computer-based telecommunications systems in Sub-saharan africa, currently is being used in over 30 countries by around 10,000 healthcare workers to exchange ideas
Users mainly physicians and medical workers connect to the network through Enhancing healthcare delivery through ICTS 147 local telephone nodes to access services such as physician collaborations (Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda.
Levels of motivation of health workers which is associated with level of facilitation, remuneration, workload, provision of quality training
Efficiency of health facilities which is affected by the availability of financial resources, availability of equipment, promotional activities and number of skilled health workers and proper management.
The key variables that play a key role in the provision of healthcare services are resources (health centres, facilities) and level of service which results from the motivation of health workers.
An increase in demand results in increased workload which reduces health worker motivation resulting in reduced level of service
An effective health system requires management of resources, effective monitoring and reporting as well as well-motivated health workers.
and minimizing missed opportunities due to stock outs. 2. Health worker motivation. The provision of immunization services requires highly motivated health workers who are trained well,
remunerated, facilitated and with acceptable workload. 3. Effective monitoring of immunization activities by carrying out regular supervisions of health units that provide immunization services. 4. Mobilization
Immunisation sessions which involve preparation of equipment, vaccines, safe injection practices, transport, management of human resource (health workers) and vaccine wastage.
mobilization of mothers, record keeping, routine supervision from the district officials, timely delivery of vaccines to avoid stock outs, training of community workers.
The majority of health facilities (5) stated that they needed to increase the number of health workers as well as training.
and tally sheets by the health workers. The tally sheets are forwarded to the health district level for entry into a computerized database Health Management Information system (HMIS.
Health workers will use the PDA to access immunization information (diseases, vaccines, side effects, immunization schedule, stock management) from the immunization content management system.
health workers as well as preparing requisitions and facilitate distributions of vaccines to the various health sub districts and health units.
side effects through online accessibility to the medical workers as well as the public improving their attitude towards immunization. 3. Timely reporting of disease outbreaks/epidemics will be made easier
A manual for operational level health workers. UNEPI/TRA. Borooah, V. K.,(2003. Gender bias among children in India in their diet and immunization against disease.
During the 1980s, one in about 25 workers lost a job, and in the 1990s the figured has risen to one in 20 workers. 9. Much of the policy debate about globalisation has revolved around a trade-off between maintaining higher wages at the cost of higher unemployment versus favoring higher levels of employment
at the cost of lower wage rates. Globalisation has rendered the comparative advantage in traditional moderate technology industries incompatible with high wage levels.
yet the number of workers who can contribute to producing and commercialising new knowledge is limited to a few areas in the world.
and other knowledge workers as agents endowed with new economic knowledge. 34. When the focus shifts from the firm to the individual as the relevant unit of observation
a knowledge worker may choose to exit the firm or university where the knowledge was created initially.
and in a worker. The firm is created endogenously through the worker's effort to appropriate the value of his knowledge through innovative activity. 35.
What emerges from new evolutionary theories and the empirical evidence on innovation as a competitive strategy, is a picture of markets in motion with a lot of new firms entering
which are made easier by the mobility of workers and technicians, the activity of technical consultants,
even the sectors that employ highly educated workers are affected by structural problems. Regional human capital needs to be upgraded
offsetting only partially job losses and possibly accounting also for large numbers of self-employed workers in the construction and tourism industries.
Defence is an important subsector, with a turnover of more than EUR 1 500 million and over 11 000 workers employed.
Debates in the literature Higher levels of human capital create returns not only in terms of worker productivity but also of higher wages (Becker, 1965.
resulting in rising demand for college-educated workers relative to their supply (Katz & Murphy, 2002).
wages are bid up for those workers who possess high levels of human capital while, due to falling demand,
wages fall or stagnate for less educated workers. Yet, institutions also play a role: national policies and international bodies regulate trade flows
A 2005 opinion survey of the Spanish public found significant opposition to loosening immigration laws for workers, particularly among less-skilled Spaniards (Martínez i Coma and Duval-Hernández
even the sectors that employ highly educated workers are experiencing structural problems. Andalusia presents an example of=badly used human capital‘:
‘as the educational attainment of resident workers has increased, this is not employed appropriately enough to contribute significantly to economic growth (Cuadrado-Roura, 2010).
which uneducated workers out-migrate to one which attracts immigrant workers to work in unskilled occupations.
despite having responsibility for employment policies, skills training for unemployed and employed workers (Formacíon Profesional por el Empleo FPL),
Vocational training for employment (Formación Profesional para el Empleo or FPE) serves either dislocated or incumbent workers.
Unions also collaborate in the training of workers with the Ministry of Employment. 6 Recently,
For instance, in 2009 they took part in an initiative of the Regional Ministry of Employment to train more than 1 000 students, workers and redundant workers of the aeronautic sector. 7 Spanish Minister of Education discourse in the Congress
. While the university offerings focus mostly on connecting high-tech workers and start-ups to entrepreneurship skills,
While hiring Phd-level workers might be key for highly innovative companies in IT or biotechnology sectors
Training workers can take months or years while firms need quick and flexible access to labour to compete in the global market.
not only attempt to improve wages and advancement potential for workers, but also try to change internal labor market practices such as management and mentoring in order to make workers more productive (Giloth 2000).
Because they focus on a single sector, these types of programs offer economies of scale and scope. They organize groups of firms that require similar worker skill sets,
obtaining economies of scale by working across a variety of different firms in one industry. Additional synergies come from bringing employers together to share concerns and best practices,
introducing workers to prospective employers. An impressive set of evaluations has shown that these initiatives have significant and positive impacts on the employability
Use or renting of facilities 8. 1 Training of firm workers by the Universities 15.2 Other types of collaborative activities 1. 9 Source:
9. Improve the adaptability of workers and enterprises, and the flexibility of labour markets; 10. Invest more in human capital through better education and skills.
the plan recognised that there were important forms of traditional skill and knowledge of products embodied in the workers and owners of SMES themselves.
Maskell, 1998): 80 percent of workers are in trade unions while members of employer associations account for 55 percent of private sector employees (Anderson and Mailand, 2005).
and prompt more redundant workers and employees to set up their own businesses. Here, the regional government could work closely with the Technological Corporation of Andalusia (CTA) to undertake a review of current levels of company spinoffs
It is estimated that Plastiwin represents mainly SME's (as 80 percent of Walloon companies account for less than 50 workers), employs around 10,000 people (40 percent of employment of the Walloon chemical industry),
Adjusting and using AMT also requires in-house capabilities for dealing with new technologies (skills of workers, coordination among departments, integration of suppliers and customers.
Adjusting and using AMT also requires in-house capabilities for dealing with new technologies (skills of workers, coordination among departments, integration of suppliers and customers.
in-house capabilities for dealing with new technologies-skills of workers, coordination among departments, integration of suppliers and customers-may be missing
In-house capabilities for dealing with new technologies-skills of workers, coordination among departments, integration of suppliers and customersmay be missing
Furthermore, they state clusters generate a disproportionately large economic impact for their footprint based on the knowledge sharing amongst workers.
creative spirit of their workers is lost not or diluted as the organisation grows this is an immense leadership challenge.
Greater availability of highly-educated workers; venture capital; state-of-the-art knowledge. Furthermore, the author concludes that the resulting changes in NSI stimulated
In this way, highly-skilled retirees, graduate students, professional workers in various disciplines, ordinary citizens, and research-based
Finally, OI hinges on the supply and mobility of highly-skilled knowledge workers. Hence, education and training need to be linked closely to innovation policies.
iii) highlight the reworking of good ideas through suitable business models and highly-efficient markets for technology and knowledge workers.
OVERVIEW, FINDINGS & ACTIONS 16 Productivity levels (using GVA31 per worker as an indicator) are considerably lower than the State average 70%of agency supported employment is in indigenous companies:
%22%GVA per worker (productivity) €59, 774 €76, 799 €103, 104 GVA per person €26, 566 €36, 606 €51, 596 Educational Attainment
%22%GVA per worker (productivity) €58, 922 €76, 799 €103, 104 GVA per person €27, 469 €36, 606 €51, 596 Educational Attainment
%22%GVA per worker (productivity) €53, 216 €76, 799 €103, 104 GVA per person €24, 496 €36, 606 €51, 596 Educational Attainment
%33%22%GVA per worker (productivity) €91 366 €76, 799 €103, 104 GVA per person €42, 961 €36, 606 €51, 596 Educational Attainment 3rd level 28.6%29.1%35.9
Growth 1998-2008 27%33%22%GVA per worker (productivity) €66, 098 €76, 799 €103, 104 GVA per person €31, 859 €36, 606 €51, 596 Educational Attainment 3rd level 26.5%29.1%35.9
%22%GVA per worker (productivity) €57, 864 €76, 799 €103, 104 GVA per person €26, 735 €36, 606 €51, 596 Educational Attainment
%50%33%GVA per worker (productivity) €103 104 €57, 871 €76, 799 GVA per person €51, 596 €28, 387 €36, 606 Educational Attainment 3rd level 35.9%30.8%29.1
Productivity Levels as measured by GVA per worker (State=100%)Source: CSO National Accounts, Database Direct 1 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 2000
SOUTHEAST 28 Up-skilling/Re-Skilling Alongside the need to produce industry oriented graduates will be the requirement to retrain workers
and BPO activities in the South East region and to support the displaced Talk Talk workers.
Enterprise Ireland actions underway EI is progressing a number of actions to support the Talk Talk workers impacted.
and to support workers in redundancy situations. In October 2011 Skillnets announced an investment of €250, 000 for the immediate provision of training for Talk Talk employees,
European Globalisation Fund Continue to progress the application for workers who have lost employment to benefit for training and other support under the European Globalisation Fund.
The announcement by Talk Talk to close its contact centre in Waterford City is a devastating blow to the workers concerned.
There was a significant contraction in the number of new employment permits issued to workers in the South East region between 2004 and 2010 the number declined from approximately 940 to 270 reflecting the national trend.
Most of the permits were issued to workers in the personal services occupations, agriculture related occupation, sales and healthcare.
with a view to identifying the potential for immediate opportunity in the sector for the displaced workers.
The enterprise development agencies are taking steps to assist the displaced Talk Talk workers, and these are set out at the end of this chapter.
e g. its research training programme to healthcare workers and its co-ordination of a series of master classes for HSE hospital managers on healthcare management.
and BPO activities in the South East region and to support the displaced Talk Talk workers.
Enterprise Ireland actions underway EI is progressing a number of actions to support the Talk Talk workers impacted.
European Globalisation Fund Continue to progress the application for workers who have lost employment to benefit for training and other support under the European Globalisation Fund.
There was a significant contraction in the number of new employment permits issued to workers in the South East region between 2004 and 2010 the number declined from approximately 940 to 270 reflecting the national trend.
Most of the permits were issued to workers in the personal services occupations, agriculture relayed occupation,
workers & related 4 7 9 4 2 26 Skilled Trades 5 5 4 7 0 21 Butchers, meat cutters, boners
And while it is true that the contributions of innovation have not only been economic innovations in industry have liberated workers from difficult and dangerous tasks through automation it is also true that much of the thrust
this service not only has a great impact on workers'health, but also yields great economic returns for employers thanks to avoided work accidents and improved staff retention rates.
and was suited particularly well for the immediate Industrial Age where information workers were prized. In 2014 education is at the dawn of a third paradigm of education.
and therefore hiring, more workers than in the other Nordics and than most European countries more generally.
and workers should all be taken on board of the design process of RIS3. In other words this means that the governance model includes both the market and the civic society.
growth of employment in knowledge-intensive sectors, R&d expenditure per worker, etc. 1) Indicators should be selected to reflect the programme's objectives
but seek to source new ideas and technologies worldwide and to tap into knowledge generation and the pool of scientists and qualified workers in third countries.
which help in attracting knowledge workers and leading-edge high technology industries (e g.,, Florida 2004, 2005a), places which are visible internationally
nations and regions from the globalisation process by enhancing learning abilities of workers, firms and‘systems'.
Prato can look back on a long history in textile industries already starting in the middle Ages. 24 From the beginning of the 1950s until the middle of the 1980s Prato experienced an extraordinary increase of the number of establishments and textile workers based on the foundation
despite a marked reduction in terms of establishments and workers compared to the 1980s. In terms of turnover and industrial employment Prato's local system ranks second in Tuscany after the Florentine area
They also recognize that it is not enough to just have IT workers who are trained in one set of skills;
rather workers must be engaged constantly in learning and upgrading their skills profiles. About one third of the TLS companies (representing 45%of the sector workforce) said that e-business developments have a significant impact on skills requirements.
while skilled jobs for educated workers are being created at a faster pace in most countries (Pianta, 2004).
In other words, firms that combine high levels of ICT and high levels of worker skills have better firm innovation performance.
which manages the timetables of all individual workers and automatically links these data to the payroll application.
The system has had some implications for the company's office workers (about 50 employees. As processes and applications are now running in remote mode (and no longer in local mode),
10 of them internal IT workers and 10 external workers. The project is very profitable,
and professional workers who are capable of taking full advantage of the ICT systems. Sometimes this point is also a challenge for companies such as ALSA
ALSA used both internal and external workers. The development and maintenance of certain parts of the system,
i e. the workers. The planning tool is adopted highly in the company, and it has a lot of users.
Workers do need not to take the manager away from his/her primary job. Rather, the Warehouse management system directs the employee's actions based on the E-business in the transport & logistics industry 158 user profile and location within the facility.
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