in part by ensuring that budget policies support investments and tax expenditures that drive GDP growth and that boost overall work effort.
Work Hours: Does the program or policy increase the amount of work hours per-capita by encouraging those workers who are able to work to enter into
or remain in the labor force, including staying longer at the end of their working life? This is important because GDP is a function of work hours multiplied by productivity;
increasing work hours, especially for people not working, is a key way to boost GDP and,
by definition, lower the debt-to-GDP ratio. This does not mean that spending that does not increase one
but by increasing investment and spurring more work effort, America can begin closing its three deficits
and processes regarding IT procurement to enable agencies to more effectively BUY IT systems. 29 POLICIES TO INCREASE WORK HOURS There are two ways to boost GDP:
or increases in taxes it will be necessary to adopt policies that boost work hours. There are two ways to do this:
, increased immigration) or increase the number of hours workers work in their life. The former can increase GDP
The latter, expanding work hours, is more effective because it increases output and taxes paid while reducing the consumption of public services,
Increase Prime-Age Residents'Work Rates It is not enough to increase incentives for workers to retire later;
from 84.8 percent in 1990 to 78.8 percent in 2011.40 Every worker who leaves the labor force can generate a double-drag on the economy,
The first is to ensure that disability benefits only go to those who truly cannot work and to strengthen efforts to increase the incentives for people on disability to reenter the workforce.
prime-working-age individuals receiving SSDI increased from 3. 1 percent of the workforce to 6. 5 percent. 44 This change does not appear to reflect any real change in the ability of Americans to work.
which refers to the notion that the amount of work available to workers is fixed. In fact, the number of available jobs is fixed not.
Rather, the number of jobs, at least over the moderate term, is determined by the number of people willing and able to work.
if it pays more and more of its citizens, young and old, not to work. PAGE 12 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JANUARY 2014 workers in the sectors that satisfied their consumption.
young and old, not to work. SMART SPENDING CUTS In order to eliminate the deficit and reduce the debt-to-GDP ratio,
as noted above, increasing critical PIC-inducing investments and increasing incentives for expanded work hours.
or competitiveness and should also lead to increased work hours. Reduce the Growth of Social security Payments Entitlement spending accounts for 57 percent of the budget
taxes on individuals do not limit work incentives or reduce savings and investment. 70 One reason for the lack of effect on the former is that as Moffit and Wilhem found,
The evidence in these data is that hours of work are, as found in much of the previous work,
inelastic for prime-age males in the United states. 71 A broad review of the new tax responsiveness literature conducted by the Organization of Economic Cooperation
while higher tax rates are associated with less work for married women who work part time, for men and women working full time,
higher taxes are associated only with a negligible increase in work. 72 Moreover, the OECD found that with respect to the United states,
higher taxes were associated with slightly higher work hours. Therefore, Congress should extend the top marginal rate of 39.6 percent to all households making $250
International Labour Office, A Skilled Workforce for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth (International Labour Office, November 2010), http://www. ilo. org/wcmsp5/groups
and Stephen J. Ezell and Robert D. Atkinson, Fifty Ways to Leave Your Competitiveness Woes Behind:
and 44%of the respondents are concerned their aging R&d infrastructure is affecting their work, again to a greater degree than any other industry.
R&d in this industry also works to improve process efficiency and reduce the costs of the large scale production facilities.
works closely with our clients in business and government to tackle their toughest challenges. Our mission to benefit humanity unites brilliant scientists and technologists
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%Labour productivity is slightly higher than the national average, though lower than what the outstanding share of foreign direct investment would suggest.
WT ranks only fourth among the seven Hungarian regions in terms of apparent labour productivity in industry.
or the EU average 5. 7%.Labour productivity is however much lower than in the neighbouring Burgenland,
veness Index 2013 Labour produc: vity growth Long term unemployment rate GDP per capita ECONOMIC INDICATORS HU22 Nyugat-Dunántúl Performance rela:
The project included among others work packages aiming to develop technology for advanced manufacturing processes in the automotive industry.
Other work packages included productrelated basic research (internal combustion engines; and research on the integration of digital technologies in products (intelligent vehicles.
pricing issues (of the use of the new 24 There is a huge academic literature about the economics of incomplete contracts that leave contracting parties rights
The evaluation report contended that existing collaborative projects do not represent real collaboration, just‘side by side'work.
, 90 5, 00 5, 10 2013 Eurostat 175,9 172,4 Labour productivity growth(%)4, 05 3, 85 2, 19 2001-2011
Many of the actions in this Plan build on the important work we have done since 2012, in areas such as education and skills, development of Irish industry and FDI,
Our work with the Global Irish Network and with our industry partners will continue to help identify promising actions across our economy.
Work is progressing on a national enterprise strategy and a skills strategy. A new strategy to grow the International Financial services Sector will shortly be brought to Government.
Our work in 2015 will also have a particular focus on regional development, medium-term labour market activation and welfare reform,
to ensure that work always pays, as well as strategies for a number of other specific sectors. 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 5 This Government has worked hard to return stability to the economy and to the labour market.
000 extra people back to work by 2016 was met with questioning, and often dismissive, looks.
and value investment € 1st in the world for investment incentives investment € 1st in the world for availability of skilled labour labour 2nd in the Eurozone for ease of doing business business Overall,
and that we provide a great place to live and work. Delivering Regional Potential This will include the launch of Competitive Funding Initiatives of up to €25 million to promote innovative collaborations to support entrepreneurship
To support entrepreneurship we will implement a new Food Works initiative to support startups in the regions.
Increasing Activation of the Unemployed The focus of the Pathways to Work strategy is to ensure that the increase in employment generated by the actions under this Plan translates into a reduction in the number of people dependent on jobseeker payments
and introduce a Back to Work Family Dividend. Increasing Entrepreneurial Activity The launch of the Local Enterprise Offices (LEOS) was delivered a major reform in 2014.
which is reducing the administrative burden of company registration and filing systems, the new Workplace Relations Commission, trusted partners for the issuing of work permits,
and this will be the focus of the work of the Apprenticeship Council over the coming years.
The Government's initiatives under Pathways to Work to enable jobseekers get back to work are proving successful.
We need to continue to ensure that work incentives are adequate across the economy if we are to support unemployed jobseekers,
if poorly designed can make it difficult for unemployed people to return to work. The introduction of the Jobsplus scheme, the Springboard initiative, the implementation of the Momentum programme and the roll out of schemes such as Gateway
The implementation of Jobpath during 2015 will result in a further significant increase in the level of resources made available to help support long-term unemployed jobseekers return to work.
Implement Pathways to Work 2015 and constituent metrics; and Begin a new Jobsplus strand for young people under the Youth Guarantee.
much of Ireland's progress during this period arose from changes in the composition of employment in Ireland during the recession (for example a collapse in the numbers employed in the labour intensive construction sector), rather than broad based productivity growth.
Similarly, the waiting time for a hearing at the Labour Court has reduced and the waiting time for a hearing at the Employment Appeals tribunal has fallen.
and to make Ireland a great place to live and work. Current Performance: Cost of Doing Business Ireland's cost base has improved across a range of metrics over the last number of years making Irish firms more competitive internationally
Monitoring Progress and Success All of this builds on the reform and work of previous Plans.
and make sure that work always pays. A National Talent Drive that comprehensively addresses each of these aspects of talent supply will reinforce Ireland's positive reputation globally for the quality of its people
employer input to the development of education and training provision, creating sufficient and sustainable work placement opportunities and the development of apprenticeships in new economic sectors.
and include a work placement component. There are strong employment rates for graduates of these programmes (67 per cent of graduates in employment within 6 months),
Provide a great place to live and work; Develop new Apprenticeships in response to proposals from key sectors of the economy.
and this will be the focus of the work of the Apprenticeship Council over the coming years;
HEIS, HEA, Employers) 7 Enhance industry input to programme content, provision of work placements and promotion of ICT programmes as part of the implementation of Skillnets ICT Conversion Programmes.
and support development of the Skills to Work brand to increase awareness of reskilling options for jobseekers.
DES) 23 Roll out the a new account management approach to employers under Pathways to Work:
IDA) 45 Continue to work to attract Foreign Direct Investment in areas outside of Dublin and Cork.
This work involves extensive industry and academia stakeholder consultation in order to determine a future research strategy for Ireland.
IDA, EI, SFI and SEAI to work with indigenous and international enterprises across the energy value chain to develop their activities in Ireland.
work with public sector organisations with an annual energy spend of €500, 000 or more, to go to the market to identify solutions for the delivery of energy reduction services.
SBCI) 68 Work to align the revised Credit Guarantee Scheme with the operations of the SBCI.
The Pathways to Work 2015 strategy which complements the APJ process, places a particular emphasis on measures to help long-term and young unemployed people find a route back into employment.
Its measures include an enhanced version of Jobsplus specifically for young unemployed people. 2015 Actions Jobsplus 101 As part of Pathways to Work,
and recognised in terms of the monitoring of the Group's overall work and final output. 4. 1 Effective Implementation to Maximise Benefits to SMES Given the progress that has been achieved to date,
and data and as such part of the work of the SME State Bodies group will involve engaging with commercial entities around the issue of improving the provision of data on SME lending.
A feature of the work of the SME State Bodies Group to date has been the commitment to evaluate
Part of the work of the Group in 2015 will be to support the roll out of reconfigured product offerings such as the revised Credit Guarantee Scheme and the simplified operation of the Microenterprise Loan Fund through Microfinance Ireland (MFI.
and Work with other agencies and representative bodies to develop tailored audiencefocused information material. 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 65 It is evident that effective communications need to be integrated from the outset into the various policy
ISIF) 118 Enterprise Ireland to work with the European Investment Fund to progress the establishment of a European Angel Fund in Ireland.
EI) 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 69 119 The Department of Finance to work with the relevant stakeholders in raising awareness of the EII Scheme and promoting it as vehicle for channelling investment to grow enterprises and support employment.
the Action Plan for Jobs and Pathways to Work strategies have complemented each other as twin approaches to labour demand
More than 50,000 people who were unemployed long-term at the start of 2012 have found work and unemployment has fallen from a crisis peak of over 15 per cent to 10.6 per cent now.
under Pathways to Work, developed a programme of activities to ensure that as many jobs as possible of the jobs created under this Action Plan are filled by people taken from the Live Register.
Pathways to Work sets out seventy milestones to deliver on this objective. These measures include:
Progress against the delivery of the Pathways to Work objectives will be reported separately, with updates on progress of the above items included in the reports on the Action Plan for Jobs.
Pathways to Work can be found www. welfare. ie. The objectives for 2015 are to:
and Introduce a Back to Work Family Dividend which will help lone parent and long-term jobseeker families to return to work. 2015 Actions Increasing Activation of the Unemployed 127 Continue the development
and reform of the State's public employment services to help ensure that the number of people on the Live Register is reduced as the economy recovers
D/Justice and Equality) 129 Participate actively in the Department of Social Protection's Work Placement Programme and the National Internship Scheme.
develop and roll out a Youth Employability Programme in 2015 to support youth work initiatives that increase young peoples'employability,
DCYA) 134 Continue to promote mobility and learning opportunities in the youth work sector and the take-up of EU funding mechanisms available such as the new Erasmus+Programme.
Pulse g Effects that W usly to had c ers work in t e was key to ence to win h. t the games The overal US$82. 4bi Employme the games
Th has with oth d e-learning. n Plan for Jo jobseekers u and work exp t time course,
Whether it is via our work to grow and embed foreign direct investment here or our actions to strengthen
and works to strengthen cooperation and coordination across all Government departments and State agencies involved in the promotion and development of trade, tourism,
IDA) 149 Roll out the delivery of Winning Abroad (see earlier section 3. 4).(IDA) 150 Work to win another 160 new FDI investment projects in 2015.
EI) 158 Work to increase SME awareness of public procurement opportunities. EI) 159 Support Irish companies seeking to participate in procurement overseas through engagements for SMES with International Financial institutions.
HRB) 173 Work with IFB and other agencies to explore the capacity to expand the industry.
Trading Co. resulted in o work twork was a sinesses in I which you cs in Co. Wate ie piece is ha he world.
and deepen work to support entrepreneurship in schools. DES) 179 Examine the Entrepreneurship in the Schools activity in each LEO area
DES, HEA) 188 Work with the Department of Social Protection to promote the Back to Work Enterprise Allowance,
DJEI) 194 Support a further cohort of new food entrepreneurs under Food Works 3 and promote market outlets for food start-up companies.
while recent competitiveness improvements leave Ireland well placed to take advantage of any upturn in global markets we remain vulnerable on a number of fronts.
DTTAS, NTA) Legislative Change to Cut Red tape 233 Existing maternity, adoption, parental and carer's leave legislation will be consolidated into the Family Leave Bill.
and also ensure as far as possible a consistent approach to such leaves. D/Justice and Equality) 234 Revoke outdated Dangerous Substances legislation and replace it with a streamlined,
The Cabinet Committee (s) will be supported by the relevant Senior Officials Group and the APJ Monitoring Committee in this work.
Pathways to Work and other strategies, will be important to support sustainable economic and social progress.
and Work Such investment in capital projects can have an immediate employment impact by way of jobs in the construction sector and related activity,
which to live and work. For example, in 2015 we will: Invest €530 million in capital funding in 2015
and provides associated work training facilities, the completion of the building of the new prison in Cork,
the development and refurbishment of seven courthouses and a range of smaller works on other courthouses,
Labour costs are rising again following a number of years decline and that future increases should be aligned with productivity growth;
recreational and other social infrastructure to ensure Ireland is a great place to live and work.
D/Justice and Equality) 264 With the Film Board, the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht is continuing to work to create a more competitive environment to grow the film,
more work remains to be done. Therefore given the continuing and central importance of economic regulation to job creation and national competitiveness, implementation actions at sectoral level and review actions at central level
in r works in th nt-of-care to ations. With opment of p fect patient c tic Fibrosis w patient in the e second proj ncubators of he NICU;
EI) 297 Work with the industry to implement a new beef genomic scheme. DAFM) 298 Roll out a schedule of food related Ministerial Trade
We have said that we are determined to help all those on the Live Register find meaningful and rewarding work,
Construction 2020 contains a detailed programme of work including 75 time-bound actions, across a range of issues including:
This reflects an annual increase of 19.1 per cent in residential building, a 13.4 per cent rise in civil engineering and a 2. 5per cent increase in nonresidential building work.
Building on work already underway, we will produce the first annual National Housing Report, identifying any supply/demand mismatches, in Q2.
The Housing Supply Coordination Task force for Dublin will continue its work in support of increased supply in the Capital.
T l over €2 bill group work nning Author ablished that nks to their c simultaneou re is now on h of the Dep ogics sites.
ad this projec world's best ponsible for ork region ov to undertak l stakeholde uld install win e work,
The strategies pursued by Government, including Action Plan for Jobs, Pathways to Work, successive Budgets,
and Leave a legacy to build on these aims over the longer term. Through APJ 2015 we will broaden out initiatives in design to encompass the broader enterprise base.
and markets through facilitating design teams to work with businesses across a broad range of sectors from multinationals to SMES on action-based projects that demonstrate the value and impact of design in business growth,
and/or at a minimum to adopt technologies in the workplace; and encouraging new technology intensive and software start-ups that are focused on addressing the needs of the manufacturing sector.
EI) 367 Review attitudes to flexible working arrangements to promote greater participation by fathers in family leaves.
000 net left the Live Register to Q3 2014 100,000 extra at work by 2016 2. 1m at work in 2018 Implement Pathways to Work 2015 and constituent metrics
in 2014 8. 4 Labour Court hearing waiting time 13 weeks in 2011 10 weeks in 2014 8. 5 Work permits average processing time 32
Q3 2014=102 5 Hourly Labour Cost Average Hourly Total Labour Costs Q2 2011-Q2 2014 as follows Euro
Social Research Institute ETB Education and Training Board ESCOS Energy Services Companies FCF Food Competitiveness Fund FW Food Works FDI Foreign
Pathways to Work QNHS Quarter National Household Survey QQI Quality and Qualifications Ireland RDP Rural Development Programme RD&I Research, development and innovation RFT
and present several examples that help to understand how social innovation works in practice. This QR comprises four chapters:
and it is concerned very with wellbeing (BEPA, 2010, p. 6). Also based on the work by Nicholls and Murdock (2012), in their review of the use of the term‘social innovation',Caulier-Grice et al.
and, 5) a model of governance, empowerment and capacity building. 1 Our perspective on social innovation is guided in many ways by the work done by the FP7 project TEPSIE (http://www. tepsie. eu),
this section aims at mapping and summarising the main initiatives and actions that constitute the work done until now by the European commission
As an immediate step, it will pilot a European Public sector Innovation Scoreboard as a basis for further work to benchmark public sector innovation.
The first two editions focused on the best social innovation solutions to help people move towards work or into new types of work.
integrating critical analysis of current and previous work with future-oriented methodologies, new actionable knowledge and continual stakeholder participation.
The Transition concept emerged from the work of permaculture11 designer Rob Hopkins with his students of Kinsale Further Education College.
places that work for the people living in them and are suited far better to dealing with the shocks that will accompany economic
SI Park works mainly in the development of large scale social enterprises, generating high local impact
and work to coordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, The netherlands, New zealand
, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United kingdom and the United states. The Commission of the European communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation's statistics gathering
or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) contact@cfcopies. com. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-general of the OECD. The opinions expressed
In the OECD context, the work has benefited from a grant from the Danish Government. The views expressed are those of the authors
whereby a lot of work in data collection and editing is wasted or hidden behind a single number of dubious significance.
These will be the subject of future work. In particular the following aspects should receive more attention in future versions of this handbook:
. While they can be used as summary indicators to guide policy and data work, they can also be decomposed such that the contribution of subcomponents
Interval scaling is the best that can be done in most scientific work and even this level of measurement is all too rare in social sciences.
i e. the compensatory and non-compensatory, can be derived directly from the seminal work of Borda (1784) and Condorcet (1785).
The present work is perhaps timely, as it seems to respond to an increasing interest in these measures.
) Another example can be found in the work of Amartya Sen. Sen was opposed initially to composite indicators
, Vision and strategy for Europe's electricity networks of the future, Smart Grids European Technology Platform, 2006.14 Task force Smart Grids Vision and Work Programme, 2010.
We believe that ecoinnovations in SMES will contribute to a making a green economy work in Europe and worldwide.
and other materials for reuse from Thames Water's replacement works. This has injected new life into an old deposition site near Chatham Docks
increasing venture capital, increasing the availability of skilled labour and enhancing international cooperation. In more in detail, short-term solutions include better application of existing state aid rules, a level international playing field and improved access to finance.
Within the CIP programme, there are three separate sub-programmes, each with separate work programmes. In addition, three programmes indirectly support innovation (TENS for transport and for energy, Marco polo and IDABC/ISA for egovernment.
This fragmentation and the complexities of the system, coupled with the costs and the risk of costly litigation, leave European SMES with the impression of having large parts of Europe in
To be sure, in light of the increasing importance of patents, policymakers should undertake all possible options to organise the internal work of patent offices more efficiently and effectively.
i. Participation in the IP5 Programme that aims at eliminating unnecessary duplication of work among the offices,
It works on ten work-packages, each one led by one of the offices. 54 PATENT LAW AND POLICY IN EUROPE the leading patent office in the world,
First of all, LDCS are usually countries in the world where the cost of labour is a fraction of
backed also by important scholarly works on this topic, 33 or the lowering of barriers by refusing intellectual property protection for some technologies. 34 Compulsory licensing is disfavoured always by the industry,
The same study quotes earlier surveys such as the one conducted by the German Occupational safety and Health committee,
The enhanced interoperability triggered by standardisation helps improve product quality because a large number of undertakings work for the improvement of the standard.
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