ESDN Office at the Institute for Managing Sustainability Vienna University of Economics and Business Welthandelsplatz 1, Building D1, A-1020 Vienna, Austria E:
2012) Social innovation does not refer to any particular sector of the economy, but to innovation in the creation of social outputs, regardless of where they emanate.
and of the social economy at large3. Social entrepreneurship seems to be one of the most considered avenues
and minimize its effects on the economy and society. The first two editions focused on the best social innovation solutions to help people move towards work or into new types of work.
integrating critical analysis of current and previous work with future-oriented methodologies, new actionable knowledge and continual stakeholder participation.
The project provides advice to stakeholders on how to foster Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation;
and beyond to improve the social inclusiveness of society through greater stakeholder engagement, promotion of civic capitalism and changes to social service provision through a. investigation of key processes within social enterprises for delivering inclusion
2) persistent multi-stakeholder constellations;(3) the mobilisation of multiple resources. Against the update of structural data, the project will test these hypotheses on the qualitative impacts of the Third Sector in terms of capital building (e g. social networks,
2) European commission (2013) Social economy and social entrepreneurship-Social Europe guide-Volume 4. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European union.
which provide incubator services, training for social economy, and access to international networks to nurture
Social innovation does not refer to any particular sector of the economy, but to innovation in the creation of social outputs, regardless of where they emanate.
http://ec. europa. eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/state-of-the-union/2013/state of the innovation union report 2013. pdf#view=fit&pagemode=none EC (2013) Social economy and social entrepreneurship.
such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences,
http://composite-indicators. jrc. ec. europa. eu/The research was funded partly by the European commission, Research Directorate, under the project KEI (Knowledge Economy Indicators), Contract FP6 No. 502529.
Innovation Index TAI Technology Achievement Index UCM Unobserved Components Model UN United nations UNDP United nations Development Program VIF Variance-inflation factor
, environment, economy, society or technological development. It often seems easier for the general public to interpret composite indicators than to identify common trends across many separate indicators,
On the other hand, the temptation of stakeholders and practitioners to summarise complex and sometime elusive processes (e g. sustainability, single market policy, etc.
this version of the Handbook does not cover the composite leading indicators normally used to identify cyclical movements of economic activity.
Composite indicator developers have to face a justifiable degree of scepticism from statisticians, economists and other groups of users.
and combination of variables into a meaningful composite indicator under a fitness-for-purpose principle (involvement of experts and stakeholders is envisaged at this step).
and stakeholders is envisaged at this step). To check the quality of the available indicators. To discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each selected indicator.
where the weights are estimated based on economic theory and reflect the relative price of goods and services.
For example, the Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI) developed by the World Economic Forum is founded on the idea that the process of economic growth can be analysed within three important broad categories:
or may be subject to controversy among stakeholders. Ultimately, the users of composite indicators should assess their quality and relevance.
as well as the next, should involve experts and stakeholders as much as possible, in order to take into account multiple viewpoints and to increase the robustness of the conceptual framework and set of indicators.
and to better forecast cycles in economic activities (Nilsson, 2000). See, for example, the OECD composite leading indicators,
Alternatively, participatory methods that incorporate various stakeholders experts, citizens and politicians can be used to assign weights.
GDP, saving rate and inflation rate within the objective growth maximisation. Variable: is constructed a measure stemming from a process that represents, at a given point in space and time, a shared perception of a real-world state of affairs consistent with a given individual indicator.
For example, in comparing two countries within the economic dimension, one objective could be maximisation of economic growth;
some degree of economy can be achieved by applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA) if the variation in the Qoriginal x variables can be accounted for by a small number of Z variables.
b) Variance-inflation factor (VIF) is simply the reciprocal of tolerance. A VIF value greater than 4. 0 is an arbitrary
Allows all stakeholders to express their preference and creates a consensus for policy action. Implies the measurement of concern (see previous discussion on the Budget Allocation.
Average value per case is indicated in the box. 7. 3. 2. Analysis 2 In this analysis it is assumed that the TAI stakeholders have agreed on a linear aggregation system.
In fact, it might be argued that the choice of the aggregation system is to some extent dictated by the use of the index and by the expectation of its stakeholders.
For instance, if stakeholders believe that the system should be non-compensatory, NCMC would be adopted. Eventually
Economists are accused often, justly, of thinking that what cannot be counted does not count. In this case the construction of CIS, economists are trying to count what-many would say-cannot be counted.
The alternatives, however, are worse. Either we ignore this fact or we make subjective guesses.
If a composite indicator were to exacerbate disagreement among stakeholders, who would otherwise have been willing to accept a scoreboard,
Cherchye L. 2001), Using data envelopment analysis to assess macroeconomic policy performance, Applied Economics, 33: 407-416 Cherchye L. and Kuosmanen T. 2002), Benchmarking sustainable development:
Dietz F. J. and van der Straaten J. 1992), Rethinking environmental economics: missing links between economic theory and environmental policy, Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. XXVI, 1: 27-51.
Dunteman G. H. 1989), Principal components analysis, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Quantitative Applications in the Social sciences Series, No. 69.
a social choice approach, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 47: 270-283. Efron, B. 1987), Better bootstrap confidence intervals (with discussion.
The challenge from innovation-based growth in the Globalising Learning Economy, Oxford Press. Feldt L. S.,Woodruffe D. J,
an examination of composite performance indicators, Centre for Health Economics, Technical Paper Series 29. Jencks S f.,Huff E d. and Cuerdon T. 2003), Change in the quality of care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries, 1998-1999 to 2000-2001, Journal of the American Medical Association
Munda G. 1995), Multicriteria evaluation in a fuzzy environment, Physica-Verlag, Contributions to Economics Series, Heidelberg.
a defensible setting, Forthcoming in Applied Economics. Munda G. 2007), Social multi-criteria evaluation, Springer-verlag, Heidelberg, New york, Economics Series.
Nardo M.,Tarantola S.,Saltelli A.,Andropoulos C.,Buescher R.,Karageorgos G.,Latvala A. and Noel F. 2004), The e-business readiness composite indicator for 2003:
Economists have long been hostile to subjective data. Caution is prudent, but hostility is warranted not.
Both the U s. and European economies have taken the lead in establishing some early concepts and policies for realizing the smart grid.
and a relatively low economy of scale when compared to the transmission systems. Several legislative mandates have provided various opportunities for the modernization of the electric grid in the U s. Fig. 1 shows a timeline of some events related to the electricity grid in the U s. that have served as harbingers to important changes via mandates
In the EU, the smart grid strategy is motivated by concepts of innovation with regard to social and environmental reforms for an interactive economy.
B. Energy Storage Electricity is a highly perishable commodity that must be consumed within a very short span of production
This raises the question of the real interests of the many stakeholders in the smart grid.
tp=arnumber=6191343&isnumber=6204228 28 D. Kirschen and G. Strbac, Fundamentals of Power systems Economics. Chichester, U k.:
operation, and economics of finite-inertia systems and integration of renewable-energy systems to electric grids.
We believe that accountants bring value to economies in all stages of development. We aim to develop capacity in the profession
and seek opportunities for long-term success. By focusing on the critical role professional accountants play in economies at all stages of development around the world,
and enhance the role the accountancy profession plays in supporting a healthy global economy. www. accaglobal. com/accountants business The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants,
and prospects for, the global economy. The increasing emphasis placed on the role of the digital capability for the European recovery (European commission 2010b) raises the question of how the digital agenda can effectively engage the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector
Similarly, the need for action from various stakeholders seems to vary, with Eastern europe expecting more action from banks
such as accountants, must be considered carefully by the European commission and other stakeholders. Owing to the limited management and resource capacity of small firms, the SME sector is highly reliant on external advice.
Banks are therefore a crucial stakeholder that ought to engage in the development and growth of a SME e-invoicing agenda.
not only can they fulfil the need for effective coordination of the multiple stakeholders that need to be involved through setting up national e-invoicing forums (such as banks, industry representatives and SMES),
by improving the economics of deposit taking, due diligence and lending in favour of both investors and businesses, improving customer satisfaction and most importantly keeping default or failure rates low.
Accessing a company's financial accounts is a crucial part of this process (even though individual lenders/investors can choose not to consider these)
and addressed by the industry and other stakeholders. Internet is the fastest growing retail channeleuropa. eu (2009),
Q3, 2011, online report,<http://www2. accaglobal. com/general/activities/library/economy, accessed 26 september 2011.
We believe that ecoinnovations in SMES will contribute to a making a green economy work in Europe and worldwide.
new markets New business models Enhancing quality of life Creating new and sustainable jobs Material security Resource justice economy environment society politics Figure 2:
and make business more resilient in the face of market trends, notably fluctuating commodity prices.
The business case for material efficiency has increased with rising commodity prices. Complying with regulations Many companies eco-innovate their processes
and impacts by limiting extraction of virgin resources and by limiting unused extraction Consider renewable and secondary resources (circular economy) Reduce cost by improving efficiency of extraction Comply with
and energy productivity and by material substitution Build resilience to changes in commodity prices and resource supply Increase your turnover
USA) website contains a wide range of resources that could be useful for ecoinnovators. www4. shwec. uwm. edu/shwec The Money back through the window initiative of the KÖVET Association for Sustainable Economies
The price volatility for commodities, notably metals, food and non-food agricultural items, was higher in the 2000s than in any decade of the 20th century6.
The World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Risks Report 2012 ranked extreme volatility of commodity prices as the fifth most important risk in terms of potentially negative impacts7.
Material productivity expresses the amount of economic value generated by a unit of material input or consumption.
Energy productivity expresses the amount of economic value generated by one unit of energy input or consumption. 5 SERI 2011, Global Material Flow Database. 2011 Version. www. materialflows
Towards the circular economy. Economic and business rationale for an accelerated tradition. 7 WEF 2012:
and can be found online. www. oecd. org/innovation/green/toolkit The Guide Towards The Circular Economy of the Ellen Macarthur Foundation offers interesting guidance on how businesses can benefit from adopting new practices
based on the circular economy philosophy. www. thecirculareconomy. org. Several in depth case studies also provide insights on how companies have changed their material inputs,
management include coping with the rising volatility of commodity prices, dealing with uncertain supply of materials,
or by involving key suppliers and other related stakeholders. Map and measure resource inflows and outflows from the company.
Quick wins Engage key partners and stakeholders: this may produce interesting opportunities for new eco-innovative solutions,
materials and processes to key internal and external stakeholders in R&d. Subscribe to sources of information on emerging technologies
diverse concepts and involve stakeholders/experts. Reward buy in when eco-innovative ideas are implemented. Choose whether to pursue patents to protect the novel function,
or new business models driven by environmental considerations will require approaches outside of normal day-to-day R&d processes with dialogue with a range of stakeholders including customers,
and ongoing communications with customers and other stakeholders can identify new opportunities for eco-innovation.
Test stakeholders'responses and attitudes surrounding environmental aspects. Engage existing and potential customers, as well as other stakeholders, in conversations through a variety of media.
Use positive and negative feedback to improve business/product development and promotional strategies. Benchmark your product (s) against competitors on environmental aspects, alongside function, cost, pricing
How can stakeholders be rewarded for adopting and promoting pro-environmental behaviour? Eco-innovate products and services Eco-innovate!
and other stakeholders environmental awareness and understanding may help to reveal business opportunities or threats.
and examples. www. defra. gov. uk/environment/economy/products-consumers/green-claims-labels/Learning Resources Eco-innovate products
economy and society. www. eco-innovera. eu Ecopol is a transnational public partnership that aims to accelerate the implementation of ecoinnovation policies across Europe.
The analysis of the interplay between governments, NGOS, development agencies, industry and social enterprises is called multi-stakeholder analysis. It would be incorrect to see social innovation as a new or isolated concept or as a disruptive innovation.
To quote the social economy Strasbourg Declaration of 16 january 2014:''Europe's social model needs to reinvent itself.
national governments and other stakeholders active in the collective awareness projects and social innovation projects. 4 OLD POWER NEW POWER Currency control,
After a workshop on social innovation in 2009, President Barroso asked the Bureau of Economic policy Advisors to draft a report on social innovation as driver for social change,
and environmental sphere (Social Economy & Social Entrepreneurship, 2013). The Innovation Union supports social innovation,
the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project
must be driven primarily by economic value. In contrast, the social innovator's projects are driven primarily by social values,
The IA4SI methodological framework is based on a quali-quantitative multi-stakeholders approach, which engages projects coordinators,
they will select their stakeholders and end-users in this way describing who will benefit from the project outputs 3. Thirdly,
a report for the use of European stakeholders, including citizens. These actions will make possible to better evaluate the investments made so far;
but that ultimately it is stakeholder engagement that makes the difference to sustainable social innovation.
BOOSTING EU COMPETITIVENESS IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY CEPS TASK FORCE REPORT CHAIR: MARIA ANVRET Senior Executive Scientific Expert and Advisor, Prof.
85 i FOREWORD he European union is challenged in the global arena by emerging economies as well as by the US
it includes and involves stakeholders representing the many different sectors and parts in society, and often businesses coming from different regions.
It is the result of five meetings held between September 2009 and May 2010 and the participation of numerous industry stakeholders
'but the puzzle has to be completed by involving the stakeholders and taking account of market needs
economies in terms of research, development and innovation (R&d&i. The 2009 European Innovation Scoreboard has shown positive signs in some regions,
or 4%of GDP to the EU economy. Various reasons account for Europe's gap, certainly including the current fragmentation of the Internal Market and the absence of welldeveloped venture capital;
and streamline communication with stakeholders, thus avoiding the‘spontaneous disorder',in which too many funding tools appear sub-additive rather than self-reinforcing. f) Coordinating innovation and research policy with other EU policy objectives already at the budget allocation stage,
The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) is to be a key driver of sustainable European growth and competitiveness through the stimulation of world-leading innovations with a positive impact on economy and society.
BOOSTING EU COMPETITIVENESS IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY INTRODUCTION. TOWARDS EUROPE 2020 he word innovation lies increasingly at the core of the EU agenda.
Figure 4 below shows the results of a recent survey of stakeholders, in which more than 96%of the surveyed respondents considered that lack of access to finance innovation
Figure 4. Key barriers to access to finance according to stakeholders Source: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/swd effectiveness. pdf A NEW APPROACH TO INNOVATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 15 Box 1. Key enabling
and are of systemic relevance to economies. KETS are important for several reasons: They are the driving force behind the development of goods and services.
They are at the forefront of competitiveness, innovation and the EU knowledge-based economy. They modernise the industrial base and further strengthen the research base.
while maintaining openness in the EU economy. Also the conclusions of the Competitiveness Council of 28 may 2009 welcomed the Commission's initiative to develop a proactive policy for enabling high-technologies.
'Available data testify to a European‘lag'vis-à-vis the United states, Asia and several emerging economies in terms of research, development and innovation (R&d&i.
US firms seem to be more active than EU firms. o Inventive collaboration in ICT R&d with Asian economies is still relatively low,
The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) is to be a key driver of sustainable European growth and competitiveness through the stimulation of world-leading innovations with a positive impact on economy and society.
and streamline communication with stakeholders, thus avoiding the current‘spontaneous disorder',in which too many funding tools appear sub-additive rather than self-reinforcing.
Yet, the internet economy, globalisation and industrial cycles have been producing a growing number of patent applications.
Helping business compete in the global economy, 2008, p. 25.24 Data are available in the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament
47 Journal of Law and Economics 45 74 (2004), have demonstrated that individuals and small firms in the US can be at a significant disadvantage in protecting their patent rights because of the small size of their portfolios. 48 PATENT LAW
and economics literature has explained that costs related to patent protection trigger a comparison with alternative forms of protection,
including i) the level of jurisdiction (and competence for each Economics of Trade secret Law, in 5 Journal of Economic Perspectives 61-72 (1991;
which can complete the transformation of Europe from the old economy to the new, innovation-based economy, with value-added, intellectual capital intensive activities.
The adoption of the green economy as a new paradigm for a fresh start in environmentcompliant entrepreneurial activities has seen recently a growing interest in fostering an economic development based on eco-efficient technologies, not just in terms of cost-effective, friendly solutions,
and fields of research that are need in of financial support because of their expected ability to produce the kind of economic results that fit the green economy standard of environmentally-friendly innovation.
A Law and Economics Primer, available at http://www. earthinstitute. columbia. edu/cgsd/documents/lewisreichman. pdf (last visit April 18,
Indeed, a study of the Vattenfall Institute and Mckinsey highlights the fact that many low-cost technologies are available to reduce CO2 emissions that could be used eventually also by LDCS. 37 36 Copenhagen Economics
demonstrated the clear benefits of standards and standardisation to the wider economy. Standards may play a role in facilitating the sharing of common technological solutions,
stronger interaction of European Standardisation Bodies with fora and consortia, researchers and industry stakeholders; and more coordination between the European Standardisation System and global standards. 42 In addition to the recommendations of the EXPRESS group (and those that will come from an upcoming study on IPR and standardisation),
In terms of development, standards should ideally be developed by all affected stakeholders. They also need to be based on a solid consensus:
according to economic theory, may be expected to be lower than the cost of separately negotiated licenses); They can clear blocking patents that would
Copenhagen Economics and The IPR Company (2009), Are IPR a Barrier to the Transfer of Climate Change Technology?
/exp 384 express report final distrib en. pdf). Friedman, D d.,W. M. Landes and R. A. Posner (1991), Some Economics of Trade secret Law, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, pp
Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 47, pp. 45-74. Lewis, T. and J. H. Reichman (2003), Using Liability Rules to Stimulate Local Innovations in Developing Countries:
A Law and Economics Primer,(http://www. earthinstitute. columbia. edu/cgsd/documents/lewisrei chman. pdf). Ordover, J. A. 1991), A Patent system for Both Diffusion
Principal Economist DG ENTRE European commission hasan. alkas@ec. europa. eu Mr. Emmanuel Bentejac Veolia Environment emmanuel. bentejac@veolia. com Mr
. Per Tervahauta Counsellor for Industrial Affairs Permanent Representation of Sweden to the EU per. tervahauta@foreign. ministry. se Mr. Kristian Uppenberg Senior Economist European Investment Bank
Senior Fellow Economics & Management of Innovation ULB and Bruegel bruno. vanpottelsberghe@ulb. ac. be Mrs. Renate Weissenhorn Head of Unit DG ENTR European commission renate
and competitiveness in today's business and economy are the main generators of the cooperation
Knowledge-Based Economy Unit C. 4-Universities and Researchers Contact: Adeline Kroll European commission Office SDME 9/17 B-1049 Brussels Tel. 32-2) 29-85812 Fax (32-2) 29-64287 E-mail:
Public and private stakeholders use rankings to guide their decisions about funding allocations. What started out as a consumer product aimed at undergraduate domestic students has now become both a manifestation and a driver of global competition and a battle for excellence in itself.
In addition, if higher education is one of the engines of the economy and a key point on the‘knowledge triangle',
17 2. 1 University-based Research in the Knowledge Economy...17 2. 2 The European Policy Context...
AND OF ASSESSMENT OF UNIVERSITYBASED RESEARCH The political context Assessment of university-based research1 (AUBR) has become a major issue for a wide range of stakeholders at all levels.
and innovation, universities are considered key to the success of the Lisbon Strategy with its move towards a global and knowledge-based economy.
Rankings enjoy a high level of acceptance among stakeholders and the wider public because of their simplicity and consumer-type information.
in order to have the provisional outcomes of their work validated by invited key experts and stakeholder representatives.
Outcomes (1) Comprehensive overview of users and uses A comprehensive survey of stakeholders and their requirements, prepared as part of the working paper on users
In this context, it is worth mentioning that the onset of the global financial and economic crisis,
Unintended consequences of assessment exercises, be it that stakeholders make decisions contrary to the original objective (s) pursued,
and attended by some twenty external experts and representatives of stakeholder organisations, and 15 officials from DG Research and other Commission services.
and specifically into the recommendations to stakeholders set out below. RELEVANCE OF THE FINAL REPORT TO POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND THE DESIGN OF FUTURE RESEARCH ASSESSMENT EXERCISES The report is designed as a guide for Users of the outcomes of assessments of university-based research
and other stakeholders, based on the principles outlined in this report; Invest in developing a shared information infrastructure for relevant data to be collected,
enabling diverse users and stakeholders to design fit-for-purpose assessment scenarios, methodologies, and instruments;
and a summary of its activities and findings is presented. 2. 1 University-based Research in the Knowledge Economy Around the world,
especially as a response to the global economic crisis. Because university-based research is the primary arena for the production of new knowledge,
and economy and improve its competitiveness'.'To meet these challenges, universities are undergoing profound change.
and governments and other stakeholders are asking questions and requiring evidence of value-for-money. Attention is shifting to mechanisms to assess and benchmark the quality and performance of university teaching and learning,
-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion.'
'Because of the importance of research and development to‘generating economic growth, employment and social cohesion'the European union (section 12) confirmed its support for the objectives of the European Research Area.
'In its resolution‘Modernising Universities for Europe‘s Competitiveness in a Global Knowledge Economy',the Council (2007, p. 3) expressed the view that the‘challenges posed by globalisation require that the European Higher education Area
Universities should communicate the relevance of their research to society and their stakeholders, and respond to calls for greater transparency, accountability and comparability.
However, the experience of rankings illustrates that they can promote a simplistic understanding of university-based research and its contribution to society and the economy.
universities and other stakeholders. University rankings have become an increasing influence on the higher education landscape since US News and World Report began providing consumer-type information about US universities in 1983.
Despite these concerns, international evidence suggests rankings are having a positive and perverse influence on decision-making by a growing number of stakeholder groups.
and of the system as part of a wider economic strategy to position the city or region as an important node in the global economy.
Drawing on the experience of rankings and existent research assessment exercises, Table 2 presents a comprehensive survey of the wide range of stakeholders and uses to
it is used often by other stakeholder groups for very different purposes. This is evident in the way the media often reinterprets
Impact and benefits refers to the contribution of research outcomes for society, culture, the environment and/or the economy.
The purpose of assessing the impact is to gauge the contribution that university-based research makes to society and the economy.
This arises from the need to assure stakeholders that publicly-funded university research is valuable
adding to economic growth and wealth creation; enhancing the skills base; increased employment; reduced costs; increased innovation capability and global competitiveness;
Willingness of industry to pay for research is a useful indicator of its anticipated contribution to innovation and the economy.
such as the regional or national economy. Important to develop methods to track graduate employability and career paths.
Willingness of external stakeholders to use and/or pay for research is a useful indicator of its anticipated contribution to innovation and the economy.
university-university, university-external stakeholder, national, European or international. Doctoral Completions The number Phd and equivalent research doctorates and,
Development of both the Research Quality Framework (RQF) and the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) involves extensive consultation to ensure procedural fairness, transparency and acceptance by key stakeholders.
and human capital formation becomes more vital for innovation and economic growth. Research assessment exercises are likely to become an increasingly important determinant of research quality
and worldwide about the contribution and impact that university-based research is having on society and the economy.
and national governments on the necessity to develop highly-skilled internationally competitive and sustainable smart economies and societies.
In line with international practice to ensure wider dissemination and take-up of research into society and the economy, support for‘experiments'with open science,
Stakeholder esteem indicators can show how research is viewed by the wider community. 4. Integrate self evaluation as a useful way to include the research community pro-actively in assessing their own contribution,
Believes that the Multidimensional Research Assessment Matrix provides the optimum basis for strategic decision-making by government and government agencies, universities and other stakeholder organisations;
Knowledgebased economy) with secretarial assistance from Celina Pastor Rubio and Alina Hossu. Curriculum vitae of Members of the Expert Group MACKIEWCZ Wolfgang (Chairperson.
Andrea is Professor of Economics and Management at the University of Pisa. He is author of papers in the most important journals in economics and policy of science, technology and innovation,
and the editor (with C. Daraio) of Universities and strategic knowledge creation (Edward Elgar, 2007).
She was involved also in OECD collaboration with transition economies and with emerging promising economies from different regions (ASEAN, African, and Latin-american countries.
She is associate member of ERAWATCH network. On various national and international training seminars she is teaching on STI indicators, HRST mobility and university-industry collaboration.
She is investigating the R&d and innovation policy in transition economies, and the changing rationales of policy making emphasizing the public-private interactions.
Jamil, a Moroccan education economist, is the World bank's tertiary education coordinator. Mr. Salmi is the principal author of the Bank's new Tertiary education Strategy entitled Constructing Knowledge Societies:
Paloma is a Phd in Economics and Professor of Applied Economics at the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM.
and a Phd Programme on Economics and Management of Innovation and the Director of a recently created Chair UAM-ACCENTURE.
Her main research and publications are related to intellectual capital as a driver of innovation, economics of innovation,
good, yet not excellent, in applied and engineering sciences, biological sciences related to animals and plants, geosciences, mathematics, economics, psychology and other social sciences related to medicine and health;
and its anticipated contribution to innovation and the economy. Research income can usefully be broken down by source of income,
Pro This indicator attempts to measure the central role played by a highly trained and skilled workforce employed throughout society and the economy the public and private sector,
Information Recognises Contributions To end-Users, the Economy and the Wider Society. This indicator is the counterpart to OTHER INDICATORS OF PEER ESTEEM.
but seek to measure the contribution that research makes to society and the economy. The data can be collected quantitatively or qualitatively.
The latter can be captured by involving key stakeholders and end-users directly in review panels or in written assessments.
assessment of both the quality of research and its impact on the broader economy and society;
the impact on the broader economy and society of the Research Group's research to be demonstrated primarily through Case studies;
There is a strong requirement of procedural fairness and transparency and acceptance by key stakeholders. The Government will report outcomes for each university by Fields of Research at the twodigit and four-digit levels,
The first cycle of the ULB Research Assessment Exercise is about to end for the first two disciplines evaluated (physics, economics & management)( September 2009.
This may lead to an inflation of top grades. Such consequences can be avoided by providing external experts with precise descriptions of the different grades;
Only in one case (economics) a strong debate was reported within the Evaluation Panel, based on conflict between a view supporting international publications as the exclusive valuable research output,
Economics and Management Sciences; Law and Jurisprudence; History and Art; Philosophy, Philology and Linguistics. Every field has slightly different rules regarding the evaluation of research results,
and institutions located in developing countries and also to third parties (economic, industrial, political or cultural stakeholders) in their own community.
Given the expansive range of stakeholders in higher education, including students and their families, academic staff, institutions, governments,
and the scholarly capacity of academic staff works toward giving ARWU a relatively solid level of credibility among a broad array of higher education stakeholders, in particular, researchers and policymakers.
universities for Europe's competitiveness in a global knowledge economy, 16096/1/07 REV 1. Retrieved 26 july 2009,
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