Cowan, R. and G. van de Paal (2000), Innovation Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy, European commission DG-Enterprise, Brussels. Crépon, B.,E. Duguet,
. and J. Mairesse (2006), Empirical Studies of Innovation in The Knowledge-Driven Economy, Economics of Innovation and New Technology.
) Government plays a much more prominent role in the economies of most European and Asian countries.
However, despite the fact that there has been a major shift in the GDP of developed nations from product-based to service-based economies, research agendas have not kept pace. 23 Indeed,
The interviewees varied greatly in their opinion about the role of MEP in the economy.
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and the Global economy. G. I. Susman. Northampton: Edward Elgar. Describes small firm collaboration
Competing in a Service Economy: How to Create a Competitive Advantage Through Service Development and Innovation.
NON CLASSIFIE UNCLASSIFIED Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques 2000 ENHANCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY:
WK1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SME INNOVATION IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY...3 Introduction...4 Globalisation Challenges...4 Globalisation...
32 WK1 3 SME INNOVATION IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*This paper serves as the background document for the Workshop on Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMES through Innovation at the Bologna conference.
and help reduce the disadvantage of scale economies which small firms face in all aspects of business.
This explains why economists have reopened the debate on whether some market and systemic failures disproportionately affect small firms,
Globalisation Challenges 3. Both scale economies and research and development have become more important instruments for competitiveness in the global economy.
what triggered the wave of globalisation reshaping the economy at the end of the 20th century. To understand globalisation's impact on SME innovativeness
The Economist recently proclaimed The Death of Distance on its front page. 2 While the telecommunications revolution has brought the cost of transmitting information across geographic space to virtually zero,
Emerging comparative advantage that is 2 The Death of Distance, The Economist, 30,september 1995. 3 The Downsizing of America
By contrast, the rest of the economy experienced fairly steady growth at around 3%over this period. 5 Innovative activity of in the United states has jumped
or even enhance their competitiveness in a globalizing economy. This background paper discusses some of the strategies open to SMES as they try to become more productive and shift more knowledge-based activities.
whereas the R&d-sales ratios of the largest corporations fell from 3. 5%to 3. 1%.4 The Valley of Money's Delights, The Economist, 29,march 1997, special section, p. 1. 5
government policy can do much more to help the majority of SMES manage the transition to a global, knowledge based economy.
Which metaphor is most apt depends on a given industry's underlying technological conditions, scale economies, and demand.
Where scale economies are important, the revolving door model is more common. While start-ups and new entrants may not be deterred by the presence of high scale economies,
a process of firm selection ensures that only those firms that grow will be able to survive beyond more than a few years. 36.
and depending upon the severity of the other selection mechanism-the extent of scale economies-may ultimately be forced to exit out of the industry.
and experimentation that otherwise would remain untapped in the economy. The Information technology Strategy 37. A second strategy SMES can use to improve their competitiveness in global markets involves the application
or the level of output required to reach scale economies. This notion has received considerable attention in the popular press.
"10 10 Tom Peters,"New Products, New Markets, New Competition, New Thinking,"The Economist, 4 march, 1989, pp. 27-32.
In the physical world, scale economy and standardisation plays a major role. The digital world enables individual product customization The customers will directly interact only with the intermediary,
and business partners that they are committed to the local economy. The Mittelstand companies also espouse a strategy
In particular, SMES are disadvantaged clearly by scale economies and other size related ownership-specific advantages.
clearly makes FDI an important element of the panoply of strategies open to SMES who want to remain innovative in a global economy.
Jacobs, Jane, 1969, The Economy of Cities, New york: Random House. Jaffe, A.,1989, Real Effects of Academic Research, American Economic Review, 79,957-970.
Managing innovation in a globalized economy defining the open capital. In Allam Ahmed (ed.),World Sustainable Development Outlook 2009:
Managing Innovation in e-Globalized Economy Defining the Open Capital 78 Paper 7: Implementing the SIV model on an Intensively Innovation-Oriented Enterprise:
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) 1 are crucial economic actors within the economies of nations (Stanworth and Gray 1993, NUTEK 2004, Wolff and Pett 2006.
Due to the significance of SMES to local economies, it is necessary to study and evaluate their performance (Acs 1999).
Several studies have shown that there is a clear connection between innovation and the creation of an entrepreneurial economy (Schumpeter 1934.
however, due to the realities of the current, dispersed economy (Polenske 2002). In this thesis, I used the EU definition of SMES (NUTEK 2004) when
It is important to discuss smallness in the context of the new economy, since this economy is influenced by the Information technology (IT) revolution.
When assessing the current system, the numerical, clear-cut, artificial borders used in the past should be downplayed; they are confusing and probably not reflective of the economic realities of today.
In order to judge an economy, a firm performance model that considers the innovative input within SMES is required.
and even through the economy of an entire region (Etzkowitz and Klofsten 2005) or a country.
and tend to be more dynamic than more mature firms Models used by managers of SMES should be of practical value The models must account for the nature of the modern economy,
and Steinmetz 1969.34 The fourth challenge stems from the nature of the modern economy, and has to do with the kind of enterprise structure generated in company build up.
As the modern economy becomes increasingly diffused (Polenske 2002), the agility and flexibility of SMES gives them a competitive edge over larger firms.
The term innovation Innovation is regarded as the instrument through which entrepreneurial economies are realized (Drucker 1985.
p. 9). The innovativeness of an economy can be augmented through a system of specialization where larger
Higher productivity of economies was attributed to investment in capital, which is mainly related to knowledge (Schultz 1959).
The bureaucratic theory was postulated by one of the most influential sociologists and political economists of the modern era, the German writer Max Weber.
and absorption on economies. 74 We often wondered why some countries lack entrepreneurial drive and have low innovative output,
We wanted to look at the components that present the input capital into the innovation vitality of an economy from the perspective of individual firms'needs and external environments.
In that paper, we argued that economies have different levels of entrepreneurial activities depending on the availability of tangible and intangible resources.
and thus can describe the economy's general character. The paper also introduced another new type of capital as a component of innovation capital:
IBAM is an analytical tool that classifies economies based on their entrepreneurial conditions. IBAM was used to look specifically at Arab countries using a general knowledge and deductive approach to the issue.
We argued that the three components of innovation capital must be in balance in order for an economy to be innovative and entrepreneurial in nature.
That in turn leads to a negative impact on the total innovative environment of the economy.
The IBAM analysis produced two types of economies one in which firms and their founders are entrepreneurial and the other in
It found that the best solution to the lack of individual entrepreneurial economies in that region is the additive solution.
Furthermore, the paper looked at basic factors shaping the economies of the Arab countries including the negative impact of e-globalization on Arab countries and the competitiveness of the Arab economy.
The paper considered the characteristics of the Arab world economy and compared them to the characteristics necessary for an eglobalized economy.
The paper was closed with a discussion about the best strategies to achieve the additive Balance Solution.
The recommendation was to begin a gradual assimilation process encompassing several steps in order to create a single Arab market.
the analysis suggested in the paper can be used to assess any economy or group of economies.
All entrepreneurial relevant characteristics such as the nature of the local economy the high degree of fragmentation and dispersion of the economic structure, the narrow scope of some sectors, the absence of knowledge, the lack of innovativeness, the old-style
Understanding the entrepreneurial policy required can help us to understand the innovation dynamics in economies as relates to the external environment of the firm.
Managing Innovation in e-Globalized Economy Defining the Open Capital This paper was published in Allam Ahmed (ed.),World Sustainable Development Outlook 2009, The Impact of the Global Financial crisis on the Environment, Energy
Innovation capital was meant to serve as an indicator for the degree of richness of the entrepreneurial environment in an economy.
Innovation activities in modern economies tend to be interconnected and open in their natures, and our understanding of the innovation process must reflect that.
and were built to consider a single firm in isolation from all other enterprises. 80 Neglecting the networking nature of modern economy is a major weakness in classical performance models for SME, especially as concerns innovation issues.
such as the locally concentrated nature of the economy, the high degree of fragmentation and dispersion of the economic structure, the narrow scope of economic development due to policies that focus on only a few sectors,
Neglecting the networking nature of modern economy in relation to innovation issues is a major weakness in classical SME performance models.
The understanding of the entrepreneurial policy required can help us to understand the innovation dynamics of economies.
This is important when researchers want to address particular evaluation input indicators in relation to SME performance in an economy.
Traditionally, the discussion about different types of capital in relation to an economy's ability to be centered innovative around two basic concepts:
This form of capital is concerned more with societal input into the innovation activities of an economy.
Innovation capital presents the accumulated input of technology in relation to the firm's external environment that promotes innovativeness and the entrepreneurial drive of the economy.
To study the possible variations of innovation capital levels in an economy, I introduced the Innovation Balance Matrix (IBAM).
the SIV model can be used as a performance input indicator to build models at the aggregate level of the economy.
It is thus possible to use the SIV model to assess the status of SMES in a given economy,
An indicator of entrepreneurial economy. Presented at the 7th Uddevalla Symposium, Östfold University college, Fredrikstad, Norway, 17 19 june.
The Global economy. Ann arbor, Michigan: University of michigan Press, 164 173. Adams, J. D. 1980. Relative capital formulation in the United states. Journal of Political economy 88 (31), 561 577.
Regional innovation systems and knowledge economy. Industrial & Corporate Change 10 (4), 945 974. Cooley, C. H. ed.)(1956.
and the structure of returns in the Internet economy. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 14 (1), 141 164.
Promoting entrepreneurship and innovation in a global economy: Towards a more responsible and inclusive globalization. 2nd OECD Conference of Ministers Responsible for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME), 3 5 june, Istanbul.
Agglomeration versus dispersal economies. Presented in The Uddevalla Symposium 2002, Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Regional Development and Public Policy in the Emerging Digital economy.
Economy and society: An interpretive sociology, 2 volumes. G. Roth and C. Wittich (eds..New york, New york:
on the Socio-Organizational Challenges of the Knowledge Economy Télé-université/Université du Québec à Montréal 1 Jean-Marc Fontan, Fontan. jean-marc@uqam
dgtrembl@teluq. uquebec. ca Biographical note Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay is the Canada Research Chair the Socio-Organizational Challenges of the Knowledge Economy.
Part Two will address innovation from the perspective of evolutionary economists. We will reconstruct an explanation of social innovation as a cognitive process confronted with localized social resistance,
but the one who introduces this discovery into the firm, the industry, the economy, that is, strictly speaking, the person responsible for its diffusion.
However, it was the evolutionary economists who completed their work by proposing a global vision of innovation.
Cyclical effect of innovation According to evolutionary economists, the innovation process occurs in an organization or a firm;
However, for the evolutionary economists, these two places (SMES and large enterprises) do succeed not necessarily one another in time
and Society complements the approach of evolutionary economists and authors who have drawn on their work.
It should be recalled that Polanyi defines the economy as a dynamic set of social processes which are continuously being transformed
but this cultural determinism is organized itself into a hierarchy around the reality of the global economy.
) Alliances, cooperative ventures and the role of government in the Knowledge Based Economy: Policy Issues for Canada and beyond.
Innovation Dynamics in a Diverse Economy. Montreal and Kingston: Mcgill-Queen's university Press and School of Policy Studies, Queen's university.
Innovation can occur in any sector of the economy, including government services such as health or education.
IPR Economies rely increasingly on knowledge-based competitiveness, and innovation is increasingly non-technological in nature.
Professor CIRCLE (Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy), Lund University, Sweden,
%of which was allocated to Innovation and the knowledge economy. The programme supports two types of projects:
boosting their economy and productivity therefore benefiting SMES. Furthermore the RIS3 are built upon the industrial and economic fabric of each region,
They contribute to the building of a knowledge-based economy and to achieving the Europe 2020 objectives of new growth and job creation.
and Promotion of RTD Enforcing SMES role in the transition from traditional industry regions to knowledgebased economy regions Innohubs http://www. innohubs. eu Innovation Hubs Promotion of innovation
development in Europe Promotion of innovation for SMES DISTRICT+http://districtplus. it/Disseminating Innovative Strategies for Capitalisation of Targeted Good Practices Support to the transition between traditional economy and competitive economy PERIA
and the Knowledge Economy Exchange, sharing and transfer of Egovernment and Wireless Broadband good practices E-government Young SMES http://www. youngsmes. e u/about/Sharing Interregional knowledge to define Supporting Programmes for Young SMES Development strategies
and the Knowledge Economy) project's objectives were to improve regional and local Innovation & Knowledge-Economy policies through the exchange, sharing
and transfer of E-government and Wireless Broadband good practices. It identified GPS specifically addressing the inclusion of online services and management In public Administrations,
thus strengthening the competitiveness of the main industrial systems in the Tuscan economy. A Virtual Enterprise (VE) is a temporary alliance of enterprises that come together to share skills
together with Tuscan SMES, Fabrica Ethica has constructed a production process that makes the regional economy more competitive and able to differentiate its production on the basis of material and immaterial quality.
this GP focused on improving innovation capacity in the wood sector, a sector of great importance for the regional economy.
aimed at promoting innovation as well as the knowledge economy in the field of health. It is interesting to note that the INNOHUBS project from the INTERREG IVC programme involved edge cities.
Project acronym Project name Detailed topic DISTRICT+Disseminating Innovative STRATEGIES for Capitalisation of Targeted Good Practices Support to the passing between traditional economy
and competitive economy Erik Action Upgrading the innovation capacity of existing firms Improvement of the capacities to increase innovation within SMES INNOHUBS Innovation Hubs Promotion of innovation in edge cities Innomot
based economy Project acronym Number of partners68 Country of the LP69 ERDF funding (€) Total budget (€) Startin g date Ending date Type
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
, Wroclaw 4 Romania Brasov County Council, Brasov 5 Germany Ministry of Science and Economy Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg 6 United kingdom Birmingham Technology Limited
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
thus strengthening the competitiveness of the main industrial systems in the Tuscan economy. A Virtual Enterprise (VE) is a temporary alliance of enterprises that come together to share skills
Together with Tuscan SMES, Fabrica Ethica has constructed a production process that makes the regional economy more competitive and able to differentiate its production on the basis of material and immaterial quality.
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Smart Specialisation the Concept, Knowledge Economists Policy Brief n°9. Knowledge f or Growth Expert Group advising the then Commissioner for Research, Janez Potocnik. 2009.
such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences,
SEARCHING FOR A SMART SPECIALISATION, UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY...113 Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritisation of domains...
A KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY...118 Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritisation of domains...
A number of countries, within OECD or not, are now taking interest in Smart Specialisation as one way to lead their economies out of the crisis by leveraging regional dynamism in innovation led/knowledge-intensive economic development.
the implicit idea of policy-induced specialisation in innovation have raised concerns amongst economists and others inside and outside the EU policy circles (Pontikakis, D. et al. 2009).
The specific properties of General Purpose Technologies (GPTS) underlie the logic of smart specialisation 2. Invention of a GPT extends the frontier of invention possibilities for the whole economy,
Indeed, the OECD has exhorted countries to go structural to make economies more competitive; to go social to address the increased inequality and lack of jobs;
Smart specialisation is one several frameworks that accommodates many of these goals by focusing on promoting structural change in the economy through investments in knowledge-based assets and better governance in STI policy making.
Place-based growth is seen as particularly important for innovation given the weight of agglomeration economies (OECD 2011.
concept and policy agenda for science, technology and innovation against the background of important changes in the structure of OECD economies.
and innovation framework for regional economies that aims to illustrate how public policies, framework conditions,
and thus a possible way to help advanced OECD economies as well as emerging economies-restart economic growth by leveraging innovation led/knowledge-based investments in regions.
But entrepreneurship in the knowledge economy recognises that value added is generated also outside sole ownership, in spillovers, in networks of complementarity and comparative advantage.
so that it contributes to productivity growth will be increasingly important not only in the medium term but also in the longer term in light of challenges such as demographic change and competition from emerging economies.
and more recently the euro debt crisis, has increased pressure on OECD governments to tackle longstanding structural problems in their economies.
2) The discovery of pertinent specialisation domains may have a high social value (development of the region's economy),
Support to technologies which have scale or agglomeration economies. Cluster policies Technology banks Public-private partnerships Innovation-oriented procurement Sectoral platforms SME support organisations Demonstration projects, technology extension services Source:
carbon economy was the environmental challenge of reducing CO2 emissions amidst an economic downturn. The main objective of the smart specialisation strategy is to secure the environmental benefits while regenerating competitive advantage, mainly by:
it may offer a pro-active framework for governments to anticipate the possible redistributional effects of policy or inactions in an increasingly globalised economy.
Trade theory as elaborated by 19th century economist David Ricardo and expanded in the 20th century by Hekscher and Ohlin also tells us that countries tend to specialise in the production of goods where they have a comparative advantage.
It has been suggested that an expansion of an economy'scientific and technological capacity will not endow it the needed productive dynamism
It is important to recall that in a global economy, changes in the factor endowments and in the specialisation patterns for trading partners will also have an impact on own-country specialisation.
Moreover, changes in policy settings in countries with more rapidly changing institutions (e g. emerging economies) may have disproportionally larger effects on relative factor demands
Regions are recognised increasingly as a relevant level of innovation policies given the weight of agglomeration economies (e g. the benefits that firms obtain
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION 30 OECD 2013 Summary The current economic crisis and more recently the euro debt crisis, has increased pressure on OECD governments to tackle longstanding structural problems in their economies.
and regional economies are interconnected increasingly. Governments may want to take the interregional and international dimension of the emerging activities into account in their strategies (e g. to increase regional competitiveness,
Recognising that the Australian grains ecosystem is connected to global economies lead the Grains Research and development Corporation to design its priorities to be compatible with other regional
STIE=Science, Technology, Innovation, Economy Source: ECOOM-Centre for Research & development Monitoring at Leuven University Additional limitations to data analyses arise
This database makes it possible to make versatile studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment.
a vertical link was formed between the National Innovation Strategy, the Ministry of Employment and Economy Corporate Strategy and Sectoral Strategies, the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation Investment Strategy (Tekes
The Tekes 2008 strategic focus area paper People-Economy-Environment Choices for building the future represented the main linkage between regional and national strategies.
The paper outlines global drivers of change and current challenges of the Finnish economy and industries.
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION 42 OECD 2013 the aim to increase the competitiveness of the Finnish economy by:
ii) renewing the economy and creating new businesses; iii) increasing productivity in industries and the service sector;
the growing interconnectedness of economies reenforce the need for increased regional and international collaboration and for a coherent alignment of policy frameworks to adjust policies to business reality (e g. simplification of policies and removal of regulatory barriers).
and achieving their primary goal of transforming economies into more competitive, job-rich and sustainable ones.
Building Resilient Regions for Stronger Economies'.'Paris, OECD Publishing OECD (2011),‘Regions and Innovation Policy, OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation'.
and global economies the GRDC designs its priorities to be compatible with other regional, national and international drivers such as:
ii) to create economic value for the Flemish economy; and iii) to help Flanders to obtain a strong position in European networks in this domain.
In the Flemish administration, the Department of Economy, Science and Innovation (EWI) has this responsibility.
the question whether Nfh has a potential economic value for the Flemish OECD 2013 63 economy is difficult to predict.
Economy policy and Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy. The topic of FISCH, sustainable chemistry, does fit Flanders'prioritisation policies very well.
it is mentioned as a lead example in the Whitepaper on New Industrial Policy (economy policy)
and thus is a tangible intersection between the innovation policy and the economy policy. Figure 2. 2 shows the priorities of all relevant policy initiatives
while Flanders'economy shows a clear specialisation in chemistry, the technological and scientific specialisation level is much lower:
With a strong technology and design base, Brainport is one of three key pillars of the Dutch economy, together with Seaport (Port of Rotterdam) and Airport (Schiphol Amsterdam.
Brainport 2020, Top Economy and Smart Society is an ambitious regional vision, strategy and implementation programme for the oncoming years.
agencies and technology centres promoting the photonics industry in Gwangju were established through the Ministry of Knowledge Economy programmes
THE ANDALUSIAN AEROSPACE CLUSTER Simon Vazquez, Innovation and Development Agency of Andalusia (IDEA Agency) and M Angeles Ruiz, General Secretary of Universities, Andalusian Ministry of Economy
grasping the opportunities for smart specialisation The Strategic Plan's main goal is to turn the Andalusian Aerospace into a competitive sector of Knowledge & Innovation based economy and in one of the engines of development.
THE AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER Definition of the ecosystem and its boundaries The automotive sector has been the pioneering sector of the Turkish economy in terms of exports and R&di capabilities.
Prepared under the coordination of the Ministry of Economy Turkey's Export Strategy for 2023 aims at reaching a flexible and R&d based export structure;
of Economy, Undersecretary of Treasury, Chairman of the Turkish Atomic energy Authority, President of TÜBITAK and a Vice president, General Director of the Turkish Radio and Television
and contributes some GBP 10 billion value-added to the United kingdom economy. The United kingdom produces over one million cars annually,
This consensus allowed government to direct public funds for R&d to areas where it would have the most beneficial impact on industry and the economy.
Further they support the structural transformation of the Lower Austrian economy and promote the creation of a knowledge-intensive economy (European commission 2011).
Lower Austria is one of the regions not specializing on explicit lead sectors, but on functional priorities (mainly Technopols and Clusters).
and Innovation Policy in Upper Austria is linked with the Ministries of the Upper Austrian Government as well as with the responsible regional government's departments and directorates for regional planning, the economy and rural development (department economic
and innovation and economy promotion agencies, owned by majority by Upper Austria, have been organized under the common roof of the newly founded Upper Austrian Innovation Holding Gmbh.
and prioritisation in the region The regional economy of Upper Austria is characterized by its very strong industrial core.
Opportunities for cross-border and international ecosystem development Upper Austria is a province in the heart of Europe with open-minded inhabitants and a very export oriented economy.
,(2009) Smart Specialisation The Concept Knowledge Economists Policy Brief No 9 june 2009 Foray, D.,P. David and B. Hall,(2012) Measuring Smart Specialisation:
SEARCHING FOR A SMART SPECIALISATION, UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A TRANSITION ECONOMY Pavel Csank, Petr Chládek and David Uhlír, South Moravian Innovation Centre, Brno and Jirí Bla ek
as well as other transitional economies in Central europe, is a FDI branch plant driven economy characterised by a relatively underdeveloped sector of knowledge-intensive business services.
Manufacturing thus represents the main driver of competitiveness, but it has a quite different structure compared to the innovation leading economies.
Key industries are dominated by multinationals'plants usually without strategic marketing, sales and R&d operations, which has serious impacts on the extent and quality of innovation demand across the business sector.
The economy of South Moravia is driven by firms concentrated in the regional capital (the city of Brno), a dynamic and innovative centre and the second largest city in the Czech republic (500 thousand inhabitants in the city agglomeration),
It can be viewed as a result of the prevailing position of the regional and national economy within intricate global value chains.
The aim is to identify as many as possible narrow fields in which regional economy has significant position in the world market (e g. electron microscopes, cyber security SW.
Lessons learned and conclusions for policy The key lessons learned might be helpful primarily for the regions from other transitional economies that have been on the uneasy way towards a standard system of liberal democracy with market economy,
and at the same time need to tackle with the global trend of shifting towards the networked knowledge economy.
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION 118 OECD 2013 ESTONIAN RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STRATEGIES THE ROADMAP TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY Marge Seppo and Urmas Varblane, University of Tartu
and ensuring the distribution and implementation of key technologies in other sectors of economy (particularly in traditional industry, energy sector, transport, etc.)
The growth areas will be distinguished based on combined evaluation of structure of Estonian economy. During this evaluation, the research structure and industry structure in Estonia, resources of Estonia,
On the other hand, Estonia's innovation system is so far rather detached from a vast part of its economy.
This is the result of the innovation system being focused on areas other than those that dominate the Estonian economy today.
and regional innovation strategies in year 2008 had the overall aim to increase the competitiveness of the Finnish economy.
renewing the economy and creating new businesses; increasing productivity in industries and the service sector;
A vertical link was formed between the National Innovation Strategy, the Ministry of Employment and Economy Corporate Strategy and Sectoral Strategies, the Tekes the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation Investment Strategy,
The Tekes 2008 strategic focus area paper People-Economy-Environment Choices for building the future represented the main linkage between regional and national strategies.
The paper outlines global drivers of change and current challenges of the Finnish economy and industries.
This database makes it possible to make versatile studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment.
The results of foresight projects have also been included in the Strategy for Innovation and Efficiency of the Economy.
Under the project 10 key technologies for future development of regional economy have been defined. The ten most promising technologies in terms of the regional potential have been grouped into three areas:
and is financed from the Operational Programme Innovative Economy). Coordination activities to support smart specialisation Overall coordination activities have been carried out by the regional authorities of the Malopolska Region.
ii) Malopolska Economic Observatory which monitors the state of Malopolska economy; iii) Malopolska Social policy Observatory which monitors and collects the data from the area of social policy;
Future development for smart specialisation Current status of the specialisation and prioritisation in the region The regional economy has undergone many structural changes over the last 20 years, especially from low-tech manufacturing industries to medium
The role of universities in supporting transformation of regional economy: The example shows that important role in transformation of regional economy has been played by regional universities, especially in the fields such as:
ICT, multimedia and life sciences. Regional universities are engaged also in many initiatives aimed at addressing the main challenges in traditional areas of regional specialisation i e. mining (clean coal technologies) or chemistry, foundry and steel industries (new materials, ICT.
The context of these cases differ considerably ranging from regions/nations with the challenge to mobilise entrepreneurial discovery processes in an economy that lacks high levels of innovative assets to regions/nations with the challenge to shift the focus of existing assets
spanning from the impact of single initiatives on specific players to those of integrated initiatives comprising wider sectors of the economy/RIS.
wasteful duplication and dissipation of the potential agglomeration economies at system level as a multiplicity of imitative local government authorities compete to attract the small finite pool of mobile capital,
a process based on the existing capabilities and industry commons and animated by the development of R&d and innovation activities in some targeted domains that offer present or future strengths for the regional economy.
and innovation resources and activities on the one hand and the sector structure of the economy on the other hand. Diagnosing apparent strengths, weaknesses, fits
In order to take into account differences with respect to size of the population and the economy, the size of its R&d and research community and the technological infrastructure,
By comparing the RTA's of a country or region with its RCA's for a specific technology-economy node,
And, crucially, how to make sure that the strategies are reaching their intended goal of transforming economies towards more competitive, job-rich and sustainable ones?
if the smart specialisation approach is to offer the expected transformative power on national and regional economies.
Reorienting the economy towards a knowledge-driven economy, ensuring renewal of the productive fabric both through transformation of existing companies/sectors and through the creation of new ones developing all companies,
Protecting the advances that the economy has in certain fields, extending those areas where the country/region is already strong,
Overall the emphasis seems to be more on building on existing strengths to transform the economy rather than on creating completely new activities.
and across that field and the economy. The frequency of use and roles of advisory bodies, high-level expert groups, hearings and polls, interministerial bodies, etc. varies considerably across countries and regions,
Co-ordination and policy-making mechanisms and institutions Within the RDTI field Between RDTI and economy Advis. body Strategic council Round tables Interminist. body Advis. body Strateg. council
and economy budgets are dedicated to the priority areas. In Lower and Upper Austria, the main instruments used to support prioritised domains are quite similar to the above case:
and innovation strategy for smart specialisation a RIS3 starts with the adoption of a shared vision for the transformation of a regional economy towards a more competitive and more sustainable one in a long-term perspective.
and global market opportunities do you conceive as very promising for your regional economy in the upcoming decade?
What upcoming threats and challenges do you see for the regional key economic sectors (and the regional economy as a whole) in the next decade?
How internationalised is your regional economy (i e. how export-oriented are the keys sectors, what is the level of foreign direct investment)
Does current academic education fit to the needs of the regional economy do regional employers absorb graduates
& creative sector interact with the regional economy (i e. do you have industry-science co-operations in you region, privately endowed chairs at universities, joint research infrastructures,
The Ministry of Economy does not want to prioritise sectors. Taking into account the new strategic document,
we could observe that Ministry of Economy prefers more horizontal approach and the selection of areas of specialisation is
Ministry of Economy prefers to talk about lead markets or key technologies i e. identified in the project Insight 2030,
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