along with a digital landing page with a variety of digital media choices, including free content from publications like The Economist.
Within 2001-2008, the Romanian economy expanded by an average of 5-6 percent per year,
an estimated impact on the Romanian economy of about 5%of GDP grow and 1%in terms of jobs.
The implementation of the measures of the field of action 3 will generate in the period 2014-2020 an estimated impact on the Romanian economy of approximately 3%increase at the GDP level and 2%in terms of jobs.
Direct and indirect impact on the economy calculated in accordance with good practice observed in other European countries who have made similar investments may be translated into GDP growth by 13,
and to look at the investment in ICT as a way to transform the Romanian economy.
which targets to reboot Europe's economy and help Europe's citizens and businesses to get the most out of digital technologies.
Broadband has, through the ICT implications on the economy and its growth, an important role for the development of Romania, both in purely economic terms,
Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) ICT in ecommerce%SMES which receive orders online.
for the support of the development of the commercial sector with digital content Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Support
Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Improve the access to the online services Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy
and implementation of the payment and online delivery systems Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Preparation of a regulatory framework
as recommended by the Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of
Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Promotion of the competitiveness clusters and of the employees'specialization in this field especially in the excellence centers:
A sustainable, transparent and visible economy is the only way to ensure that Romania will bridge the gap with other EU economies
in order to improve the growth of the ICT employment by the Romanian Government (for example the state aid scheme for creating a minimum number of jobs ICT contributed to GDP growth in all economies,
but productivity was increased mainly within the developed economies and based on the below indicators Romania needs to improve the overall growth in employment.
The Impact of ICT on Growth in Transition Economies, Marcin Piatkowski, Warsaw 2004; More information pertaining to detailed indicators of Romanian economy can be found in Appendix 1 Romanian Indicators.
Roadmap for the Digital Agenda in Romania Taking into account all the factors and the principles listed above,
Direct and indirect impact on the economy, calculated in accordance with good practice observed in other European countries who have made similar investments may be translated into GDP growth by 13,
the population of Romania and the country's level of development The Gross domestic product the estimated investments for Romania were adjusted at the total economy value expressed through the Gross domestic product Also,
as well as for the estimation of the impact upon the economy, were performed starting from and considering the methodology published by the European commission for the performance of such calculations.
increase the productivity of all sectors of the economy through improved business intelligence; more adequately address many of the challenges that face our societies;
when the economy of a country Page 69 of 170 provides other possibilities and development of entrepreneurial sense related to the professional evolution of individual.
identified and supervised within the project Knowledge Economy Romania. 2. Education by extracurricular activity based on ICT The resources used within this project are the TIC technologies for the support of extracurricular networking activities (creation camps,
These aspects put an enormous pressure on the economy and the social system. Personal lifestyle and environmental impact factors are the most significant risk factors influencing health status. ICT ehealth Definition ehealth is a relatively recent term for healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication.
archivists and representatives of the creational cultural industries and a way to stimulate the creative economy
the eculture project within the Knowledge based Economy programme, 255 Romanian disadvantaged communities had the opportunity to create
the estimated impact on the Romanian economy would be of 5%growth in terms of GDP and 1%growth in terms of jobs.
Overall, 255 communities across Romania, namely 1. 8 million people living within this communities had the opportunity to be part of a new knowledge-based economy, through a successful implementation of local electronic networks.
%ecommerce Europe estimates the share of the European Internet economy at 3. 5, %a percentage that is set to double by 2016 and to triple by 2020.
both in the ITC sector as well as in other sectors of economy as a result of outsourcing. According to the study developed for Romania,
teams of auditors of appropriate expertise (Information & Communication Technology technicians/engineers, economists, accountants, etc.
Page 104 of 170 APPENDIX 1 SOCIAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT ITC indicators Specific to Romanian Economy Indicators 2011 2012 Number of enterprises 14595 15726
and in other sectors of economy pursuant to externalities. ecommerce Based on the data supplied by Eurostat,
%pupils/students (19%)and engineers, physicians, architects, professors and economists (15%.%The proportions are almost identical in case of users using fixed connections,
Distribution of the gross added value by sectors of the economy in 2012,11 Figure5: Distribution of the added value of the manufacturing industry in 1995 and in 2012(%)12 Figure 6:
R&d expenditure per researcher of the business sector in some key branches and sectors of the national economy (HUF million per researcher, 2012)..20 Figure16:
Ministry for National Economy NKFIH...National Office for Research, Development and Innovation NIH...National Innovation Office NIT...
however, be noted that the expenditures of the national economy for environmental purposes have stagnated in recent years. 9 Figure1:
NIH RDI Observatory on the basis of KSH data The role played the by manufacturing industry is outstanding in the distribution of the gross added value by the sectors of the national economy (22.7 percent.
Distribution of the gross added value by sectors of the economy in 2012,%Source: KSH The sectoral distribution of the added value of the manufacturing industry has gone through a significant change in recent years:
the sectors of the national economy are shown in an aggregated manner. 2 Issued annually, the report evaluates the innovation performance of the European states on the basis of a total of 25 aspects of 8 dimension (human resources,
which are 20 increasingly important from the perspective of the economy, is only slightly above the average of the national economy.
Figure15: R&d expenditure per researcher of the business sector in some key branches and sectors of the national economy (HUF million per researcher, 2012) Source:
Own calculations of NIH RDI Observatory on the basis of KSH data In Hungary, one-fourth of the small businesses and nearly half of the medium-sized enterprises are innovative.
The proportion of companies engaged in technological innovation is 18.4%of the national economy, while the average of the manufacturing industry is somewhat higher,
which part thereof in a structure 6 http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/smact/docs/single-market-act2 hu. pdf 7 For the role of the global value chains in the international economy,
Interconnected Economies Benefiting from Global Value Chains. http://s3platform. jrc. ec. europa. eu/documents/10157/46174/Interconnected economies. pdf 28 created by the multinational companies.
it is essential for the national economy to have proper insight into the global value movements of trade.
and the economies to carry out that part of the process, which are the best at. Since they use intermediate goods
Competitiveness needs comprehensive strategies, among other things, research and development, innovation and training in the field of the science and the economy.
improve the competitiveness of the innovative sectors of the Hungarian economy, and help mapping and utilizing the opportunities for Hungarian participation on RDI-related large international projects.
as well as to keep its leading role in the global knowledge-based economy. The experience and the FP7 framework programme of the 2007-2013 planning period proved that the Hungarian candidates are successful in the competition for resources 29 directly accessible from Brussels. During this period
and the neighbouring countries Hungary has collaboration with in relation to RDI and the economy, and the areas thereof.
which is currently operating in the industrial and agricultural zones, moves the big cities and their surroundings towards a knowledge-based economy,
and link them to the activities of the local economy. Expansion of practice-oriented training (dual training), strengthening of the education of entrepreneurial innovation management.
the presence of the multinational companies will further strengthen the local economy's integration into the global economy, the introduction of advanced technologies,
Lack or insufficient level of FDI based on R&d which is integrated properly in the Hungarian economy.
which bring long-term development to the region on the basis of the continued and systematic detection and analysis of the economy and the society of the region through the eyes of the entrepreneurs and along the interactions of the different groups,
whose central objective is to strengthen the knowledge-based national economy. The development of new knowledge-driven economy can be sorted into three main processes.
These are the processes of production of knowledge, use of knowledge and flow of knowledge.
and innovation has come to the light through the growth of the knowledge-based economy and the perfection of the knowledge-based society.
and local government organisations Ministries National government offices County governments County government offices Local governments of cities of county rank Economy Innovative enterprises Large enterprises SMES (including micro,
and arranged by the Ministry of National Economy (NGM), the Regional Innovation Agencies and the National Innovation Office (NIH).
and share their suggestions concerning the triangle of the economy, science and innovation. The control structure and policy measures supporting the implementation of the national S3 have been created as a result of the meetings, discussions and debates of the inter-ministerial and professional working groups.
through its resource absorption ability and resource utilisation efficiency, contributes to building an economy which is competitive in the European context.
Administrative bodies responsible for the operational programmes Operational Programme Responsible ministry Economic Development and Innovation Operational Programme (EDIOP) Ministry for the National Economy (NGM) Competitive
Central Hungary Operational Programme (CCHOP) Ministry for the National Economy (NGM) Human resources Development Operational Programme (HRDOP) Ministry of Human Capacities (EMMI) Rural Development
so that they significantly contribute to improving the competitiveness of their economies and the Union and developing a sustainable knowledge-based economy.
Hungary plans to become a knowledge economy by the end of the decade, where internationally competitive knowledge bases and intensive knowledge flows are created and,
Another important consideration is that the Hungarian economy should be sustainable from the environmental, social and economic aspects alike,
the needs of the social communities and the dynamics of the economy evolve in the most favourable manner.
Another comprehensive task of the national S3 is to enable the stakeholders, namely the public administration, the economy and the civil society,
but support inter-sectoral relations as well21, are designed for the smart transformation of the economy. 4. 3. 1. National specializations In accordance with the above chapters,
of which possibilities are provided directly to the economy or the society to use significant applications. In the industrial production zones, production, manufacturing industry
the smart specialization areas can prevail particular in the following areas of science and sectors of the national economy:
which is a key sector of the national economy, to facilitate the implementation of complex RDI activities.
thus creating a synergy between economy, society and democracy. 24) 4. 3. 3. Smart technologies In determining the county specializations,
as factors of competitiveness of the Hungarian economy-In: PM Research Papers No. 6. 74 5. 3. Intervention matrix Grouping of policy instruments by thematic objectives and types of instruments Direct instruments Thematic priority Policy measures
the strengthening of the role of forestry in the bio-economy-Strengthening of the public welfare and tourism potential of forests EARDF, KTIA RDP Strengthening of cooperation between the stakeholders in agribusiness and certain stakeholders
and promoting the sustainable operation of the already running businesses-Promoting special economic activities based on internal resources in regions with a shortage of human resources and undertakings-Strengthening the cooperation between the stakeholders in the rural economy-Managing the problems
the needs of the economy appear in the education and research directions of higher education, 80 thus,
Improving the competitiveness of businesses and development of knowledge economy; budget: EUR 202.2 M (50%funding intensity;
which develop the local and the national economy. Place where the resources are spent. In addition to that this typical indicator should also report on the territorial/geographical location of the specific feature (city, area, region,
since it can be a potential breakthrough point for the area's economy. The directions and definitions of the assessment indicators extended to the monitoring system clearly show that the two inseparable components of the system create a proper combination for the operation of the system through their interdependency and cross-references.
Society, economy, and even human psychology itself are undergoing an irreversible change, which we as citizens and policymakers are still struggling to understand.
with least activity around DSI science and technology projects (110) and DSI finance and economy solutions, such as crowdfunding for social good projects (104).
the collaborative economy, cities and public services; open tools and distributed architectures; and citizen engagement and direct democracy. 2. Make it easier to grow and spread DSI through public procurement:
in particular campaigning sites such as Avaaz and parts of the collaborative economy and the maker movement.
3) collaborative economy;(4) new ways of making;(5) open democracy; and (6) acceleration and incubation.
and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations More Filters Screenshot of the crowdmap www
the collaborative economy, local exchange and trading systems, digital currencies, and awareness networks that incentivise experimentation with new models in a variety of domains.
We are undergoing a transformation that involves society and the economy, driven by the fast evolution of ICT.
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Economy Open Democracy Funding Acceleration and Incubation The organisations and projects identified to date can roughly be grouped within six broad domains.
1) New ways of making,(2) Open democracy,(3) The collaborative economy,(4) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles,(5) Open Access
Hexegan schematic of the 6 areas of DSITHE collaborative economy and the many other umbrella terms used to describe the rise of digital marketplaces for people to make transactions and share skills,
The Collaborative Economy has been documented by organisations like the P2p Foundation, Nesta, and Ouishare. Across the world the burgeoning field of collaborative consumption is using digital platforms to change how people share resources and exchange goods and services,
It is now setting up branches in the UK and USA COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY New collaborative socioeconomic models that present novel characteristics,
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 25 Ouishare SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK Ouishare is a global collaborative consumption network founded in January 2012.
The overarching aim of Ouishare is to shift the focus of the economy to one that can find new ways to connect,
Ouishare. net and collaborative economy events. Ouishare. net is an online community where members can post articles on collaborative consumption
which brings together the global collaborative economy community. The 2014 event took place in Paris
or interested in, the collaborative economy. In parallel thousands of alternative currencies are focused in use some on localities (e g. the Brixton Pound in the UK or Chiemgauer in Germany;
Bitcoin) 7. Some of these have encouraged deliberately a changed awareness of how economies work for example, valorising labour time equally,
Goteo SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK A vibrant ecosystem of makers is developing across Europe and globally.
and sharing economy platforms like Peerby are creating new forms of relationships and services. Inspired by the open-source movement, individuals, self-organising groups
including crowdfunding and P2p lending that has been documented deeply by Nesta in the UK14 36 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Case studies categorised into the 6 different types of DSI COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY FUNDING ACCELERATION
-based knowledge economy. The project is a joint research effort sponsored by the Coordinating Ministry of Knowledge and Human Talent, the Senescyt,(Secretaria National de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion) and the IAEN
FINANCE AND ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT SMART PUBLIC SERVICES ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Health and Wellbeing Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data 47 45 44 41 40 38 34 25 18 17 15 12 6 5
AND ECONOMY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SKILLS CULTURE AND ARTS WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 254 251 164 163 162 138
The collaborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest but also more scattered community (7. 41 per cent), consisting of Esade, the IRI,
and Horizon 202022 present an integrated approach to help the EU economy become more competitive,
and the collaborative economy. These platforms based on open technology can gather and integrate information in order to allow participation and citizens'feedback,
In Seoul, the Mayor has designed programmes for the sharing economy and citizen engagement. Colombia set up a centre for social innovation within its government,
The competition invited Europeans to come up with new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
therefore allowing for innovation in the wider economy based on the Future Internet users must be able to come (no barriers to entry)
This focus could be on four key areas of opportunity in DSI. a. Collaborative economy b. Digital social innovation in cities and public services c. Open tools and distributed architectures
health authorities and universities to pilot large-scale DSI experiments around collaborative economy, direct democracy, distributed energy, civic health and bottom-up smart city solutions.
Within the single digital social market it should be easier for digital social innovations such as collaborative economy
'Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE 31.4 (2012): 54-62.5 http://www. nesta. org. uk/publications/making-sense-uk-collaborative-economy Manchester
Joint Statement on Education and Training in the Information Economy. Retrieved February, 2008 from: http://www. mceetya. edu. au/pdf/infoeconomy2005. pdf Mcgill,
and with economy. Our studies evaluate the value for money of public spending nationally and locally.
ICT, E-BUSINESS AND SMES ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2 FOREWORD This report was undertaken by the Working Party on the Information Economy (WPIE),
These messages and recommendations provide material from which governments may draw in promoting innovative SMES in the global economy.
and economies have moved from concentrating on ereadiness and connectivity, to diffusion and use, and are moving towards mature e-business strategies
1. 2%in the United states. Shares for SMES are probably lower than these shares for the whole economy (see OECD 2002b and 2002c).
The existence of local ICT services is an important issue, especially for small offices in remote areas or emerging economies,
especially in the emerging economies (Box 4). Most OECD countries have a similar number of fixed telecommunication access lines,
OECD, Telecommunications Database, June 2002.26 Box 4. Network infrastructure in developing economies For most developing economies the highest priority is to put in place the network infrastructure and a competitive environment
From the SME point of view, ADR advantages include speed, economy, flexibility and neutrality. It is also more effective for smaller cross-border transactions
for example the E-business Guide developed by Australia's National Office of the Information Economy is a comprehensive on-line resource that is aimed at business people who want a quick and easy explanation of e-business;
and economies have moved from concentrating on ereadiness, connectivity and awareness, to diffusion and use, and are moving towards mature e-business strategies
Ernst & young (commissioned by the National Office for the Information Economy (NOIE) of Australia)( 2001), Advancing with E-commerce,(available at http://www. noie. gov. au.
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan (METI)( 2001), White paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan, SME Agency of Japan (available at http://www. chusho. meti
Summary, DSTI/ICCP/IE (2002) 5/FINAL, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002b), Information technology Outlook 2002, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002c), Measuring the Information Economy
6 2. 1 Description of e-commerce in the economy...6 2. 2 The regulatory framework...
state of play E-commerce and online services are some of the most significant innovations in the economy in recent decades
and many other pieces of subsequent EU legislation. 2. 1 Description of e-commerce in the economy Online services play an increasingly important role in the everyday life of EU citizens.
From a wider perspective, the internet economy has generated 21%of the GDP growth of the last 5 years22
http://www. bcg. com/documents/file84709. pdf 24 How the Internet is transforming the economy, a series of studies by the Boston Consulting Group commissioned by Google, 2010-2011;
http://www. economie. gouv. fr/files/rapport-mckinsey-company. pdf 8 in France since 2000.25 Overall, the Internet economy creates 2. 6 jobs for every
Additional data are necessary to measure the progress of online services in the European economy. Some data are available in private research institutes
The use and exchange of personal data have become essential factors in the online economy. 150 Professional players are aggregating massive amounts of data for professional use,
almost 80%of online service providers interviewed are collecting data from cookies. 161 Business representatives indicated in the public consultation that today's internet economy
and other online services can contribute to a more sustainable economy. Though research is still rather in its infancy,
on the background the current globalized economy. While awareness on the barriers and drawbacks of open collaboration projects is decisive,
Aspects of a theory of value creation and innovation in a global knowledge economy. International Journal of Information management, vol. 30 issue, p. 502-511 18.
, Intelligent Lighting Institute E d. Ouden@tue. nl Erkinheimo Pia DIGILE Finnish Centre for Science and Innovation in the Internet Economy pia. erkinheimo@digile. fi
Holzmann Thomas Strascheg Centre for Entrepreneurship Thomas. Holzmann@sce. de Huuskonen Mikko Lappeenranta University of Technology & the Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Finland Mikko.
Should we look at shared or trusted economy drivers? Should we focus on disruptions? What is beyond the obvious technology trends;
Challenges of the knowledge economy It is abundantly clear that working in this way in the coming years calls us to action.
It is the key mindset defining the new knowledge economy. There are many ways to create value
participants co-created a document about using Open Innovation 2. 0 to help achieve a sustainable economy and society,
and issues like low carbon economy in urban planning, Europe's industrial renaissance and e-health.
and services areas interestingly changes the economies of innovation too. We are approaching a zero marginal cost for innovation.
as the costs to enter to the markets in the Internet economy are marginal. While pre-purchase crowdsourcing has been popular in consumer markets already for years,
Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, Economies, Societies and Nations 2004.13) Barnett C.,The Crowdfunder's Guide to General Solicitation and Title II of the JOBS
and Innovation in the Internet Economy pia. erkinheimo@digile. fi 32 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E
universities are playing an everincreasing role in contributing to knowledge-based economies. The Knowledge Economy Index developed by the World bank 5 considers education and innovation factors in measuring national effectiveness in developing knowledge-based economies.
The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) developed by the World Economic Forum 6 also measures education and innovation factors as fundamental for national competitiveness and economic sophistication.
income leveraging government funds access to facilities case studies source of funding demonstrating impact competitiveness knowledge based economy innovation national growth Examples of successful university
university technologies supported an estimated three million jobs in the economy (1996-2010) and technology transfer contributed to creation of 671 new companies and 591 new products in 2011 alone.
The‘mother company'KI Holdings takes care of economy and administration. Within the ownership of KI Holdings AB exist three companies:
Governments have to find new ways of organising their activities and structures in support of innovation in the economy and in society at large.
'Berlin seems to provide a fruitful breeding ground for founding labs, due to the high density of research and development facilities, the dynamic political and economic transformation subsequent to German reunification, a growing creative economy
governments will be equipped better to construct regional advantages for their innovation economies 27. Labs are a tool
Many thanks go also to the‘Projekt Zukunft'of the Berlin Senate Department for Economy, Technology and Research for their financial and content-related support for mapping innovation and creativity labs in Berlin.
and they become a key part of the knowledge economy.''The Basaksehir Living Lab provides equal opportunity to all who visit,
In the Green Deals, the Ministry of Economic Affairs in The netherlands is taking concrete steps towards a sustainable economy.
because the formation of free global economy and the convenience of the Internet have blurred the boundary of national borders.
and even the stability of the region's economy (Unesco, 2009 14). In other words, citizens as well as the city government join together in their efforts to make Kanazawa a better known creative city.
Urban Competitiveness in the Knowledge Economy, Intereconomics, 38 (5), 260-269.3) 2thinknow Global innovation Agency, 2011, Innovation cities top 100 Index 2011
A smart city as a system of a system Most cities can agree that there is real value in having a smart economy, smart environmental practices, smart governance, smart living, smart mobility and smart people.
and shared economies will result in full happiness for all parties involved. Getting citizens involved in planning
Sharing economy or trusted economy? Last year, we read a lot about new business models. Parties like Airbnb 7 and Peerby 8 are new, sexy and idealistic.
Adopt the collaborative economy value chain, Collaborative Economy (Altimeter Group, 2013) 9 O P E N I N N O V A t I O
The shift to shared economy primarily means that the money goes to the few hundred men who are in a start-up.
and the ultimate objective of this process is shared the values and shared economies resulting full satisfaction/happiness for all the parties involved.
/what-is-watson. html (7) Airbnb, www. airbnb. com (8) Peerby, https://www. peerby. com (9) Collaborative Economy, Altimeter Group, 2013.10) Uber,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011