In the hope to start up a creative enterprise culture, there has been stimulation from above through the establishment of designated zones of cultural consumption and production with initiatives such as affordable workspace, information technologyinfrastructure and business start-up advice (Landry 2007;
Against this background, successive UK governments placed more expectations on social enterprise as a delivery vehicle for welfare
charity capacity-building and social ventures (Young Foundation 2007), helping to develop an estimated £24 billion social enterprise sector that now employs 800,000 people (Social Enterprise UK 2011).
In the UK, particularly in England, social enterprise has become elided with delivery of public services under contract to state agencies (Teasdale, Alcock, and Smith 2012.
In the UK, 50%of all social enterprises trade with the public sector and social enterprises operating in the most deprived communities are more likely to have the public sector as their main customer.
Current budget cuts will directly impact on the viability of social enterprise sector, affecting service provision and employment in most deprived communities over-proportionately (72%of social enterprises reported a negative trading outlook;
24%of all anticipated redundancies will fall within the most disadvantaged communities compared with 9%in the least deprived areas;
Social Enterprise UK 2011. Funding streams have to be diversified to make social innovation resilient and sustainable in cyclical environments.
Innovation implies systematic research and development. R&d is often capitalintensive and it is skill-dependent. An innovative environment has to offer access to seedcorn capital;
However, public listings will be beyond most social enterprises and may contradict the social enterprise ethos.
Socially innovative individuals and organizations often do not fulfill the traditional funding criteria of private institutional creditors.
the opportunity to use part of their EU Structural Funds to finance small and medium-sized enterprises (http://www. eif. org).
For example, in the UK micro-enterprises which meet local social care needs face regulatory, legislative and other barriers as a result of
requirement that a proportion of services commissioned by government are provided by small and medium-sized enterprises
we suggest perceiving social innovation as boosting collaboration and partnership between various stakeholders (the public sector, private enterprise and the free market, civil society,
Social Enterprise Journal 5 (1): 30 49. doi: 10.1108/17508610910956390. Bakhshi, H, . and D. Throsby. 2010.
Critical, Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives on Social enterprise. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 14 (5): 268 275. doi:
A Critical Rereading of Research into Social Enterprise. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 14 (5): 276 290. doi:
Narratives of Enterprise Crafting Entrepreneurial Self-Identity in a Small Firm. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. European commission. 2006.
Understanding Social Enterprise: Theory and Practice. London: Sage. Rogers, E. M. 2003. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New york:
Social Enterprise UK. 2011. Fightback Britain. A Report on the State of Social Enterprise Survey 2011.
Souder, W. E, . and K. D. Moenaert. 1992. Integrating Marketing and R&d Project Personnel within Innovation Projects:
The role of pre-start-up planning in new small business, International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 4 (1), 1 17.
and has many stakeholders companies, social enterprises, governments, NGOS, charities and public sector organisations to name but a few.
such as Local authorities, County Enterprise Boards (to be known in future as Local Enterprise Offices) and others.
Yannis Sirros, head of the Federation of Hellenic ICT Enterprises (SEPE) told Euractiv Greece in an interview that Europe will need 900
In the process, computers and networks of computers have become an integral part of the research and design operations of most enterprises and, increasingly, an essential tool supporting control and decision-making at both middle and top management levels.
using observations on individual enterprise performance. 21 This phenomenon points to the conceptual gap between task productivity measures, on the one hand,
Digital Equipment Corporation, the leading minicomputer manufacturer retreated from its vertical marketing strategy of offering computer systems specifically designed for newspapers, manufacturing enterprises, and service companies;
or entertainment reservations, represent welfare 29in the medium and large enterprises of 1990, what remained was a deep chasm between the"mission critical"application embedded in mainframe computers and the growing proliferation of personal computers.
enterprises and other institutions are forced to reexamine workflow and develop new methods for information system design.
defined as enterprises with 1-249 employees, and also large companies and was implemented by means of computer-assisted telephone interviewing.
and representing enterprises that systematically innovate and implement change, were selected. The survey therefore started with screening questions.
Enterprises with less than 10 employees (micro-enterprises) were excluded not since they generally have limited identifiable innovation activities
%followed by enterprises between 6-10 years (33%)and those established in the last 5 years (20%).0-5 years 6-10 years over 10 years 161 273 385
small enterprises represents 50%of the SMES surveyed, microenterprises account for 27 %and midsize companies have a rate of 19%.
so was a difficult for domestic enterprises; Achieve quick results is only possible if it was developed a good plan of action coupled situational management practices in situations
social entrepreneurship and the activity of social enterprises; the reconfiguration of social relations and power structures4;
and enterprise-led sustainable development. 7 There is no single, commonly agreed definition of social innovation. 8 This reflects the fact that social innovation is predominantly a practiceled field in which definitions
For example, in the UK, social enterprises competing for public sector funding face multiple barriers relating to the legal and administrative framework
and generating the majority of their income from sales (social enterprise activity); and second, there are those dependent on grants
the problematic tendency to conflate discussions of social innovation with those of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship.
Social innovation, social enterprise and social entrepreneurship Discussion about social innovation is still dominated by issues about social enterprise and social entrepreneurship.
while the terms‘social enterprise',‘social entrepreneurship'and‘social entrepreneur'are connected all closely to the concept of social innovation,
and social enterprise needs to be examined better, not least since‘the social innovation produced by social enterprise has largely been presumed rather than empirically demonstrated'.
'60 While there is little empirical evidence to prove that social enterprises are more successful than other organisational forms in producing social innovations,
they can themselves be seen as a social innovation. As Galaskiewicz and Barringer explain, ‘the social enterprise is special
because it incorporates contradictory institutional logics into its mission and operations'61 for example, the logics of commerce and corporate success on the one hand and social purpose and democratic participation on the other.
Although social enterprises (and social entrepreneurship) do require special attention and research, a problem arises when social enterprises generally,
and the activities they undertake become synonymous with social innovation. What are social enterprise and social entrepreneurship?
Drawing on contexts, Defourny and Nyssens outline three schools of thought within social enterprise and social entrepreneurship. 62 First, originating from the US,
there is the‘earned income school of thought'.'The emphasis within this school is on social enterprises as combining social and economic goals,
and not necessarily as vehicles for innovation. Second, following Dees and Anderson, Defourny and Nyssens identify the‘social innovation school'of thought.
Here the emphasis is on social enterprise as the activities of social entrepreneurs, with less concern about income flows and more on the outcomes and social impact achieved by individuals.
Third, is the European research network EMES'understanding of social enterprise. 63 This includes three dimensions (based on economic
The economic dimension of social enterprise includes three criteria (a continuous activity producing goods and/or selling services;
While definitions of social enterprise vary considerably, all three schools of thought share the idea that social enterprises have as their explicit and primary aim the creation of‘social value'rather that the distribution of profits generated.
Further, social enterprises are engaged not organisations only in activities such as advocacy or grant giving, they must 32 SOCIAL INNOVATION THEORY
AND RESEARCH be involved directly in the production of goods and services on an ongoing basis. There are however,
the extent to which social enterprise is a collective or individual endeavour; and the degree to which profits are distributed.
While there is often an implicit assumption that social enterprises are by nature new, entrepreneurial and innovative,
While this is one of the reasons we should be careful about conflating discussions of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship and social innovation,
social enterprise and social entrepreneurship. First, a focus on social enterprise within social innovation discourses obscures the real and important contributions made by public sector innovators, social movements and non-entrepreneurial civil society organisations.
In addition, although some discourses on social entrepreneurship view the concept very broadly, and understand it as operating within a much wider political and social context,
a focus on social enterprise and social entrepreneurship is problematic because there are limits to what these can achieve.
'65 Lastly, social enterprises require particular forms of support which may not be appropriate for other forms of social innovation.
Focusing too heavily on the needs of social enterprises and social entrepreneurs may give rise to a range of support structures
'unlike the terms social entrepreneurship and social enterprise, social innovation transcends sectors, level of analysis and methods to discover the processes the strategies,
'68 Elsewhere, the TEPSIE project has argued that‘social innovation is much broader than either social enterprise
For example, a social entrepreneur may set up a social enterprise which delivers a socially innovative programme'.
Relationship between social innovation, social entrepreneurship and social enterprise. Social Innovation Social Entrepreneurship Social Enterprise Adapted from Nicholls & Murdock,
2012 An area of de bate 33 While social entrepreneurship should be viewed as a key component of current thinking within social innovation,
it should be recognised that the field of social innovation is much broader than social enterprise and social entrepreneurship.
and social enterprises important organisational forms to study, they do not tell the whole story.
In particular, it is important we do not become too fixated on social enterprises as an organisational form,
Indeed,‘to date, the social innovation produced by social enterprise has largely been presumed rather than empirically demonstrated'.
and grow a social enterprise (although we also know that the people in charge lack these very skills very often).
change management New rules and regulations e g. the creation of new laws or new entitlements Policy diffusion New organisational forms e g. hybrid organisational forms such as social enterprises Diffusion,
and the ICSEM project83 based in Belgium is in the process of building a database on different types of social enterprises all over the world.
Much of the existing literature on social innovation is influenced by a business/technology view of social innovation (social innovation as social enterprise/social innovation as a product.
Barraket, J. & Furneaux, C. 2012) Social Innovation and Social Enterprise: Evidence from Australia. In:
) Social Enterprises and Social Categories. In: Gidron B, Hasenfeld Y (eds. Social Enterprises: An Organizational Perspective.
Palgrave Macmillan. 62. Defourny J, Nyssens M. 2012. Conceptions of Social Enterprise in Europe: A Comparative Perspective with the United states. In:
Gidron B, Hasenfeld Y (eds. Social Enterprises: An Organizational Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan. 63. www. emes. net/site/wp-content/uploads/EMESWP-12-03 defourny-Nyssens. pdf 64.
Defourny J, Nyssens M. 2012. Conceptions of Social Enterprise in Europe: A Comparative Perspective with the United states. In:
Gidron B, Hasenfeld Y (eds. Social Enterprises: An Organizational Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan. 65. Huybrechts B, Nicholls A. 2012.
Social entrepreneurship: Definitions, drivers and challenges. In: Volkmann CK, Tokarski KO, Ernst K (eds. Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business.
Barraket J, Furneaux C. 2012) Social Innovation and Social Enterprise: Evidence from Australia. In F. Hans-Werner, J. Hochgerner,
FDI is defined as an investment made to acquire lasting interest in enterprises operating outside of the economy of the investor.
or reinvested earnings in an enterprise, there are other ways in which foreign investors may acquire an effective voice in the management of an enterprise.
These include franchising, subcontracting, management contracts, turnkey arrangements12, leasing, licensing and production-sharing. There are two types of FDIS used for market entry purposes:
2013 DG ENTR http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/proinno/innovation-intelligence-study-6 en. pdf The 2013 EU Industrial
medium and large enterprises) across all EU Member States. 13 Out of the 172 responding companies,
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/enterprise policy/sme definition/index en. htm). Among the large companies in the sample, 56 had between 251 and 5, 000 employees, 64 between 5,
External factors Factor definition Innovationsubsidiesfromamunicipality 1 ifthefirmreceivedinnovationsubsidiesfromamunicipality, 0otherwise Innovationsubsidiesfromthegovernment 1 ifthefirmreceivedinnovationsubsidiesfromthegovernment, 0otherwise Collaborationwithotherfirmsororganizations 1 ifthefirmhadanycooperationagreementoninnovationactivitieswithother enterprises, 0otherwise Links withuniversitiesorresearchinstitutes 1
Apart fromdesigningeffectiveincentives, policymakers need tothinkaboutmakingtheapplicationprocesseasy and enterprise-friendly. Inaddition, wehaveshownthat radical andincrementalinnovationhavedifferentante-cedents, sopolicymakerscandevisedifferentincentive schemes dependingonwhichtypeofinnovationtheywish to encourage.
acasestudyinsmallandmedium enterprises (SMES) ofthemetal-mechanicsectorfromsa o Paulo, Brazil. Technovation28 (1 2), 29 36. Kaufmann, A.,Todtling, F.,2000.
403 Future Internet Enterprise Systems: A Flexible Architectural Approach for Innovation...407 Daniela Angelucci, Michele Missikoff,
the likely increase in the interconnection of smart objects and items (Internet of things) and its integration with enterprise applications.
Greece gstamoul@aueb. gr 7 Digital Enterprise Research Institute, Ireland manfred. hauswirth@deri. org Abstract.
Networked Enterprise & Radio frequency identification (RFID) and F5: Trust and Security. The authors would like to acknowledge
and the integration of increasingly demanding enterprise and societal applications. The Future Internet research and development trends are covering the main focus of the current Internet,
Towards Scalable Future Internet Mobility 41 entities in the same residential/enterprise IP network without the user plane traversing the core network entities.
what information enterprise application management systems can provide to allow the latter to more robustly and efficiently allocate network services.
we also investigate what information enterprise application management systems can provide to federated management systems allowing network and services allocation.
and configuration of large-scale and highly distributed and dynamic enterprise and networks applications 26 is everyday increasingly in complexity.
In the current Internet typical large enterprise systems contain thousands of physically distributed software components that communicate across different networks 27 to satisfy end-to-end services client requests.
and contractual agreements between different enterprises (1. Definition) establish the process for monitoring (2. Observation)
processed, aggregated and correlated (4. Mapping) to provide knowledge that will support management operations of large enterprise applications (5. Federated Agreements)
and application level can be used to generate knowledge that can be used to support enterprise application management in a form of control loops in the information;
We also consider appropriate ways on how information from enterprise applications and from management systems can be provided to federate management systems allowing to more robustly
In the federated architecture proposed the management control deal with federated agreements necessaries to satisfy in one hand the enterprise requirements and in the other hand the management system requirement as result of events coming from the heterogeneous infrastructure.
which have origins in mapping events between the diverse enterprise processes and the heterogeneous infrastructure.
we also provide research results about what information enterprise application management systems can provide to federate management systems to allow the latter to more robustly
62 M. Serrano et al. 6. 2 Federation of Network and Enterprise Management Systems Typical large enterprise systems contain thousands of physically distributed software components that communicate across different networks
Management and configuration is increasingly complex at both the network and enterprise application levels. The complex nature of user requests can result in numerous traffic flows within the networks that can not be correlated with each other,
Challenges in this scenario relies on how monitoring at the network level can provide knowledge that will enable enterprise application management systems to reconfigure software components to better adapt applications to prevailing network conditions.
Conversely, the information enterprise application management systems can provide to network management systems allowing a more efficient
and analyse information and trends in both network management systems and enterprise application management systems,
Enterprise application management systems must be specified to provide relevant application descriptions and behaviours (e g.,, traffic profiles and Qos levels) to network management system allowing shared knowledge to be used optimally (federation) in network traffic management processes. 6. 3 Federation of Customer Value Networks Scenario Network
Algorithms and processes to allow federation in enterprise application systems to visualize software components, functionality and performance.
Techniques for analysis, filtering, detection and comprehension of monitoring data in federated enterprise and networks.
Guidelines and exemplars for the exchange of relevant knowledge between network and enterprise application management systems.
and provide research results about what information enterprise application management systems can provide to federate management systems by using an interoperability of information as final objective.
enterprise-level services: They are of lower granularity, e g.,, just providing simple sensor readings and, more importantly,
References ASPIRE Advanced Sensors and lightweight Programmable middleware for Innovative RFID Enterprise applications, FP7, http://www. fp7-aspire. eu/CONET Cooperating Objects Noe,
the service-centric perspective is influenced currently in enterprise IT environment and in the Web2. 0 mashup culture, showing the importance of flexibly reusing service components to build efficient applications.
, personal and enterprise mash-ups), and service warehouses (e g.,, platform as a service. One specific service instance may
Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, WASHINGTON DC, USA, p. 253.
ASLAN ASLAN TS Wrapper The AVANTSSAR Validation Platform Fig. 1. The AVANTSSAR Validation Platform and its usage towards Enterprise SOA. 202 R. Carbone et al.
and Security Limitations of Global Cloud Infrastructures 2. 1 Cloud Security Offerings Today According to the analyst enterprise Forrester research and their study Security and the Cloud 17 the cloud security market is expected to grow to 1
Here a prime target is the small to mid-size enterprise market. Examples for supplementary services are threat surveillance (e g.
If the IT of any given business failed, the consequences for most of today's enterprises would be severe.
For instance, a low but contractually guaranteed availability (such as 98%availability) will allow enterprises to pick workloads that do not require higher guarantees.
Today, uncertainty about the actual availability does not allow enterprises to make such risk management decisions
For security this argument leads to two requirements for cloud adoption by enterprises: The first is that with respect to security and trust,
and benchmarked against existing solutions such as enterprise or outsourced datacenters. The second is that in order to allow migration of critical workloads to the cloud,
cloud providers must enable enterprises to integrate cloud infrastructures into their overall risk management. We will use these requirements in our subsequent arguments. 3 New Security
Traditional enterprise outsourcing ensures the so-called multi-tenant isolation through dedicated infrastructure for each individual customer
While an enterprise customer may own a virtual machine (Machine-level isolation), this machine may use a database server (Middleware isolation)
in order to enable hosting of enterprise-class and critical systems on a cloud. Customer Isolation and Information Flow.
Why not cloudsourcing for enterprise app user adoption/training?(2009), http://velocitymg. com/explorations/why-not-cloudsourcingfor-enterprise-app-user-adoptiontraining/16.
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD: Guidelines on the protection of privacy and transborder flows of personal data.
Enterprise privacy authorization language (EPAL 1. 1). IBM Research Report (2003) Data Usage Control in the future Internet Cloud 231 3. Bonneau, J
Platform for enterprise privacy practices: Privacy-enabled management of customer data. In: Dingledine, R.,Syverson, P. F. eds.
enterprises or home/residential users. The Internet's architecture assumes that routers are stateless and the entire network is neutral.
A company hosts an Enterprise Information system externally on a Cloud rented from a Softwareas-a-Service (Saas) provider.
Enterprise IT; ERP Hosting; Telco Service Aggregation; and egovernment. Ontologies are shared formal descriptions of a shared viewpoint over a domain
covering the areas of Enterprise IT, ERP Hosting, Telco Service Aggregation, and egovernment. Keywords: Service Level Agreement, Cloud, Service Lifecycle 1 Introduction Europe has set high goals in becoming the most active and productive service economy in the world.
namely ERP hosting, Enterprise IT, Service Aggregation and egovernment. ERP Hosting is investigating the practicalities
Enterprise IT focuses on SLA-aware provisioning of compute platforms, managing decisions at provisioning time and runtime,
The Enterprise IT use-case (Section 3) is basically an infrastructure cloud use case that features SLA enabling.
allowing for different setups of the framework instances which due to the underlying OSGI-based integration approach can be changed even during run-time. 4 Use Case Enterprise IT The Enterprise IT Use Case focuses on compute infrastructure provisioning
in support of Enterprise services. We assume a virtualisation-enabled data centre style configuration of server capacity,
As a support service in most enterprises IT is expected to deliver application and data service support to other enterprise services and lines of business.
This brings varied expectations of availability, mean-time-torecover, Quality of Service, transaction throughput capacity, etc.
a reference is included differentiates each of the supported Enterprise services in terms of their priority and criticality.
This is the Enterprise Capability Framework or ECF. From an implementation perspective, user interaction is via a web based UI,
The Enterprise IT SLAT defines use case specific agreement terms which are loaded by the Business SLA manager to provide the inputs to provisioning requests in the form of Paas services.
are complementary and allow the framework to be assessed based on realistic objectives of an Enterprise IT function.
Using Key Performance Indicators (KPIS) we evaluate the performance of the lab demonstrator in the areas of IT enabling the Enterprise IT Efficiency IT Investment/Technology adoption The Use Case identifies a hierarchy of KPIS
and therefore result in a credible assessment of the impact of the SLA Management Framework in an Enterprise IT context.
The business SLA is mainly about specifying support conditions (standard or enterprise support), quality characteristics (usage profile and system responsiveness
Enterprise IT Use Case. http://sla-at-soi. eu/research/focus-areas/use-case-enterprise-it/7. SLA@SOI project:
On the one hand, classical Web services, based on WSDL and SOAP, play a major role in the interoperability within and among enterprises.
One of the key developments is towards smart enterprises and collaborative enterprise networks. Enterprises of the future are envisioned to be ever more open, creative and sustainable;
they will become smart enterprises. Innovation lies at the core of smart enterprises and includes not only products,
services and processes but also the organizational model and full set of relations that comprise the enterprise's value network.
The Future Internet should provide enterprises a new set of capabilities, enabling them to innovate through flexibility
and diversity in experimenting with new business values, models, structures and arrangements. Combinations of Future Internet technologies are needed to deliver maximum value
and these combinations require the federation and integration of appropriate software building blocks. A new generation of enterprise systems comprising applications
and services are expected to emerge, fine-tuned to the needs of enterprise users by leveraging a basic infrastructure of utility-like software services.
High-value Future Internet applications are also foreseen in the domain of living, healthcare, and energy.
The first chapter Future Internet Enterprise Systems: a Flexible Architectural Approach for Innovation discusses how emerging paradigms,
such as Cloud computing and Software-as-a-service are opening up a significant transformation process for enterprise systems. This transformation arises from commoditization of the traditional enterprise system functions
and is accelerated by new and innovative development methods and architectures of Future Internet Enterprise Systems.
The chapter foresees a rich, complex, articulated digital world reflecting the real business world, where computational elements referred to as Future Internet Enterprise Resources will directly act
and evolve according to what exists in the real world. The chapter Renewable Energy Provisioning for ICT Services in a Future Internet discusses the Greenstar Network (GSN
The Author (s). This article is published with open access at Springerlink. com. Future Internet Enterprise Systems:
Future Internet and Saas (Software-as-a-service), is leading the area of enterprise systems to a progressive, significant transformation process.
while the challenge is shifted toward the support to enterprise innovation. This process will be accelerated by the advent of FINES (Future Internet Enterprise System) research initiatives,
where different scientific disciplines converge, together with empirical practices, engineering techniques and technological solutions. All together they aim at revisiting the development methods and architectures of the Future Enterprise Systems,
according to the different articulations that Future Internet Systems (FIS) are assuming, to achieve the Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FINES).
In particular, this paper foresees a progressive implementation of a rich, complex, articulated digital world that reflects the real business world,
where computational elements, referred to as FINER (Future Internet Enterprise Resources), will directly act and evolve according to what exists in the real world.
Future Internet, Future Enterprise Systems, component-based software engineering, COTS, SOA, MAS, smart objects, FINES, FINER. 1 Introduction In recent years, software
and cost required to develop enterprise systems (ES), even if one adopts a customisable pre-built application platform, e g.,
This paper explores some emerging ideas concerning a new generation of Internetbased enterprise systems along the line of what has been indicated in the FINES 408 D. Angelucci, M. Missikoff,
and F. Taglino (Future Internet Enterprise Systems) Research Roadmap1, a study carried out in the context of the European commission,
Internet of things and Enterprise Environments (DG Infso. The report claims that we are close to a significant transformation in the enterprise systems, where
(i) the way they are developed, and (ii) their architectures, will undergo a progressive paradigm shift.
Such paradigm shift is motivated primarily by the need to repositioning the role of enterprise systems that,
since their inception, have been conceived to support the management and planning of enterprise resources. Payroll, inventory management,
and realising enterprises software applications. In essence, while enterprise management and planning services will be increasingly available from the‘cloud',in a commoditised form,
the future business needs (and challenges) are progressively shifting towards the support to enterprise innovation.
But also innovation cannot remain as it used to be: Future Internet, Web 2. 0, Semantic web, Cloud computing, Saas, Social media,
and (ii) new agile architectures, capable of (instantly) adjusting to the continuous change required to enterprises.
A central role will be played by enterprise system Business Process Engineering, for the above point (i),
and a new vision, based on a new family of reusable components, in the implementation of enterprise operations (and related services) automation, for the last two points.
and advanced graphical user 1 http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/ict/enet/documents/task-forces/research-roadmap/Future Internet Enterprise Systems 409
The second grand research challenge concerns the architecture of the Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FINES) that need to deeply change with respect to
In fact, what is missing today is a unifying vision of the disparate business aspects and entities of an enterprise, supported by an adequate theory,
(and outside) an enterprise will have a digital image (a sort of‘avatar')that has been referred to as Future Internet Enterprise Resource (FINER) in the FINES Research Roadmap.
that of shifting the focus of the attention from the management and planning of business and enterprise resources to enterprise innovation.
A new family of ICT solutions aimed at supporting the conception, design, implementation and deployment of enterprise innovation
if such software architectures will correspond to the enterprise architectures, and will be composed by elements tightly coupled with business entities.
and F. Taglino 2 A Long March towards Component-Based Enterprise Systems FINES represents a new generation of enterprise systems aimed at supporting continuous, open innovation.
Innovation implies continuous, often deep changes in the enterprise; such changes must be mirrored by the enterprise systems:
if the latter are too complex, rigid, difficult to evolve, they will represent a hindering factor for innovation.
reflecting the needs of the enterprise. Furthermore, the very same notion of an eservice is an abstraction that often hides the entity
Future Internet Enterprise Systems 411 In summary, Web services were introduced essentially as a computation resource,
where business expert can directly manage a new generation enterprise software architectures. Cloud computing represents an innovative way to architect
organizing and implementing the enterprises of the future. In conclusion for decades component technologies have been developed with an ICT approach,
since it is built by business experts by using Enterprise Systems/Architectures (including Business Process) Engineering methods
the new sort of computational enterprise components just introduced (see below for more details). S2 FINES Open Monitoring System This system is dedicated to the constant monitoring and assessment of the activities of S1,
to keep under control the health of the enterprise, its performances, both internally (HR, resources, productivity, targets, etc.)
proceed in designing the interventions on the enterprise and, correspondingly, on FINES. This task is achieved by using a platform with a rich set of tools necessary to support the business experts in their redesign activities that are,
net Future Internet Enterprise Systems 413 worked structure, conceived as an evolution of the Linked Open Data2 of today;
, computational units representing enterprise entities. They are recognised by business people as constituent parts of the enterprise,
and therefore easily manipulated by them. A FINER has also a computational nature, characterised by 5 aspects,
such as an enterprise, is itself a FINER. FINERS are conceived to interact and cooperate among themselves, in a more or less tight way,
depending on the complexity of the enterprise entity represented. In general we have: FID: FINER identifier. This is a unique identifier defined according to a precise, universally accepted standard (e g.,
Enterprise, being the‘key assembly'in our work. Public Administration, seen in its interactions with the enterprise.
People, a special class of FINERS for which avatars are mandatory. Tangible entity, from computers to aircrafts, to buildings and furniture.
Future Internet Enterprise Systems 415 5. 1 A Business-Driven FINES Develpment Platform In order to put the business experts at the centre of the ES development process, we foresee a platform
FINERS are represented visually in a 3d space that models the enterprise reality (i e.,a Virtual Enteprise Reality) where the user can navigate
since they will be positioned in different parts of the enterprise or in the Cloud, depending on the cases.
A similar interface, representing a Virtual Enterprise Reality will be made available to the users during business operations to navigate in the enterprise
and see how the operations evolve. The computational resources of a FINES are maintained in the Computing Cloud,
Fig. 4 reports a three levels macro-architecture where the top level is represented by the real world, with the enterprise and the actual business resources.
The platform is activated mainly by business events that are generated in the enterprise (but also the external world,
FINERS Cloud Space Real world Low Level FINERS EVENT RESPONSE High Level FINERS Fig. 4. FINES Runtime Environment Future Internet Enterprise
As a next prophecy we propose the Enterprise is the Computer, meaning that an enterprise,
with all its FINERS deployed and operational, will enjoy a fully distributed computing power, where computation will be performed directly by enterprise components,
mainly positioned in the enterprise itself of in the Cloud (typically, in case of intangible entities).
This approach represents a disruptive change, from both a technological point of view and a business perspective.
Iot, Ios, Multi-Agent Systems, Cloud computing, Autonomic Systems) and, in parallel, some key areas of the enterprise that will start to benefit of the FINES approach.
Retrieved May 29, 2010, from Value Proposition for Enterprise Interoperability Report (2009), http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/ict/enet/ei-isg en. html 7. Sykes
Ecosystems Actors Researchers ICT companies National and EU actors City policy actors Citizen platforms Business associations Living Lab managers, citizens, governments, enterprises,
City policy-makers, citizens and enterprises are interested primarily in concrete and short-term solutions, benefiting business creation, stimulation of SMES and social participation.
Testing as joint validation activity Scale of testing Large-scale mainly From small to large scale Stakeholders FI Researchers (ICT industry & academia) IT multidisciplinary researchers, End-users, enterprises (large
Private and People Partnership) ecosystem that provides opportunities to users/citizens to co-create innovative scenarios based on technology platforms such as Future Internet technology environments involving large enterprises
As a concept applied to smart cities it embodies open business models of collaboration between citizens, enterprises and local governments,
and flexible interfaces the different agents involved (public administrations, enterprises, and citizens) will be able to conceive new innovative solutions to interact Smart Cities at the Forefront of the Future Internet 449 with
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