%3 806 43.6%4 258 32.5%3 687 21.2%2 075 31.7%3 624 Environment 34.7%3 970 34.5%4
while Asia has achieved already revealed technological advantage in ICT, nanotechnologies, materials, energy and environment technologies.
%79 25.0%32 29.8%85 Environment 34.7%3 970 34.5%4 839 42.0%4 815 31.8%4 456 19.8%2
PCT patent applications addressing societal challenges Environment Environment-related technologies PCT patent applications (1) per billion GDP (PPS€), 2000-14 (2) 0. 2
The lower and decreasing specialisation in energy, environment and materials may in the medium term endanger the EU's world technology lead in these areas,
. 94 1. 20 0. 71 ICT 0. 84 1. 04 1. 29 Energy 1. 15 0. 74 1. 22 Environment
regulation for energy efficiency, impact on the environment, water and health, public procurement of construction and market mechanisms. 15 On the supply side,
Construction technologies can be integrated with S&t strengths in green energy, the environment, ICT, materials and nanotechnologies.
Germany has a leading potential to converge technologies for construction, green energy, the environment and materials.
while the Asian economies are specialised in ICT, energy and the environment. However, Europe has the potential to strengthen its competitive position in these converging technologies relevant for societal challenges and emerging growth markets.
and evolving trends in environments for working that are emerging around the world. The term‘smart space'is used typically to 4 Brewer, S and Rees, D‘Bournemouth Digital Pier,
refer to environments that have been designed and then used in a manner that enables flexible, efficient and productive usage.
This refers to the attractiveness of the work and social environment in which the enterprise is located
work/living and socially integrative environments Government agencies regional, regulators, industry coordinators, cross--sector collaboration Sector bodies trade and industry reps, grant/funding organisations,
cross--sector partnering, physical environment, and positioning (location) Entrepreneurs/owner--managers initiating, growing and managing the enterprise Investors commercial, private, local authorities, foreign investment Financial service providers banks, providers of credit, insurers Talent developers/universities interdisciplinary talent,
and business environment design Industry--specific partnerships identifying partners, implementing partnerships Themes, Issues and Challenges Our investigations suggest that the UK
Studies we have referred to in this paper indicate a strong desire among the new creative entrepreneurs to engage socially with their peers in both virtual and face-to-face environments.
and interventions should avoid disturbing the natural habitats and cultures of urban environments. There is still a lot to be learned about the intricate nature of creative clusters how different attraction factors rank
it is vital that policy follows this trend to foster a more open innovation environment.
Organisations Evolving, Sage, London, 1999.69 S. Hess, Individual behaviour and collective action towards the environment:
so the technology environment is strategically important to building and maintaining trust in the organization,
AU2207 EMEIA MAS. 1000366 ED Nonein line with EY's commitment to minimize its impact on the environment,
O32, Q55 Introduction In an increasingly complex business environment, organizations have been confronted with rapid changes in technology, competition, regulation and customer needs and demands.
therefore the imagination of managers seeking to survive the current turbulent operating environments. Innovations may represent novelties in one or along several dimensions.
'but in this paper we limit the discussion to innovation and entrepreneurship, operating in a market environment.
During times of dramatic changes in the business environment or when SMES exploited completely new opportunities,
Correspondence between the dynamic capability and the dynamic change patterns of the business environment is essential for the long-term survival of the firm.
The increase of the small and medium businesses sector had a positive influence upon the businesses environment reducing the unemployment rate
Strategies related to the environment characteristics, when an accentuate competition on the internal market and a rapid change rhythm in their activity domain can be associated with the orientation to the international market-between them it should be mentioned the niche's strategy,
Successful enterprise development depends on a well planned spatial environment, which efficiently delivers the appropriate supporting infrastructures (both physical and soft) to create competitive and attractive locations for foreign and indigenous business investment.
and continue to develop a competitive environment to support and stimulate enterprise development2. Global and national developments over the past year mean that regional competitiveness has become even more important.
how each region can continue to develop its competitive environment, build from its strengths and national and international networks,
and to Influence the refresh of the NSS being undertaken by Department of Environment, Heritage and Local government and planned for completion early 2010 (Doehlg).
Process The process involved extensive collaboration with the Development Agencies4, the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE), the Department of Environment, 1 NUTS III level:
but also in terms of access to skills and talent, access to markets and customers (whether physical or virtual), the innovative capacity and capability of the locale and a dynamic environment offering an 7 The concepts are outlined in Section 1 of the National
In light of this, the business environment in Ireland needs to continually evolve to meet the changing needs of companies.
Regional Competitiveness for Enterprise Ensuring an optimum business environment'on the ground'within the regions requires a specific focus.
There is a strong interdependence between the planning, development and creation of an attractive environment (the NSS) and enterprise development.
However, entrepreneurs and indigenous SMES also require an attractive and competitive environment from which to start
The current lack of a broader awareness hinders the development of an environment within the regions that stimulates greater company engagement-with each other, with customers,
The business environment is becoming ever more complex and requires local and global networking for companies to remain successful.
provides an attractive environment for enterprise investment, for tourism development and from a lifestyle choice perspective.
the current environment could provide opportunity to take a proactive, regionally based and creative approach in the short term.
harnessing the commitment of an industry champion Taking into account the business environment requirements for entrepreneurship,
As companies increasingly network, it presents opportunity for the development agencies in the Midwest to enhance their collaborative actions to facilitate companies in this environment, and to:
infrastructures and the built environment Recognising the resources of potential entrepreneurs from the farming community,
It is focused on developing an environment within the region which is conducive to innovation through cooperation in joint action aimed primarily at building capacity sharing knowledge
Enhancing the Business Environment 21leadership and Strategic Capacity 21stimulating Entrepreneurship 22enhancing Quality of life 24innovation and R&d 25skills and Education 27connectivity Infrastructures 286.
Returning to export-led growth requires that we create an environment that is conducive to attracting foreign direct investment (FDI
Sectors and activities at firm level Business environment factors Priority Actions FORFÁS REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
and in turn, inform the needs of the business environment and factors of competitiveness. Globalisation: The pace and extent of global competition has intensified significantly over recent years.
Rising Concerns About the Environment: The increased focus on environmental (and energy related) issues presents opportunities for companies to innovate with alternative sources of energy, new solutions and services.
but in terms of access to skills and talent, access to markets and customers (whether physical or virtual), an innovative capacity and capability and a dynamic environment offering an attractive quality of life basically a good place to work,
or region provides a competitive environment that stimulates entrepreneurship, enables companies to grow and evolve,
and preservation of the natural environment and landscape and further development of cultural and recreational assets. 8 The absence of a university within the region has been cited as a key regional deficit
investigation and analysis techniques for the built environment Teagasc has its national headquarters in the Southeast,(at Oak Park,
in order to maintain the quality of the local environment. Product: Fáilte Ireland's strategy for the region is multifaceted based on a brand, building on key regional strengths:
ICT Services & Software A new environment has emerged for software companies globally in what has been called‘The New Software Economy'19.
Enhancing the Business Environment The region has many of the building blocks in place to attract investment from foreign and indigenous firms.
the business environment needs to continuously evolve to meet these changing needs to provide a dynamic environment that is supportive of early start ups and entrepreneurial activities,
there is potential within the region to create competitive environments to attract a concentration of new company start-ups in the hub towns and other locations.
The intention is for Ideagen to spark new ideas for new businesses and joint ventures with high-growth potential in an open environment.
particularly those associated with its high quality natural environment and the range of very accessible cultural and recreational amenities across the region.
continually enhancing the city's built environment (streetscapes, public spaces, transport and communications networks etc. through careful and sustainable planning.
Innovative thinking and creativity is stimulated in an environment that is dynamic, interactive and collaborative Enablers and supports provided by government facilitate innovation
and range from establishing the‘right'fiscal, IP and regulatory environment, to supporting education and training,
As companies increasingly network, the enterprise development agencies in the Southeast can also enhance their collaborative actions to facilitate companies in this environment.
agribusiness and environment/life sciences), working with the relevant industry associations and the HEIS. Promote interaction between indigenous SMES
and needs to be nurtured in a supportive environment: Provide clarity on the availability of business supports to potential entrepreneurs,
In conjunction with Forfás they influence policy by providing on-the-ground information about the real issues facing business (in areas such as infrastructures, education and regulatory environment.
A concerted regional approach focused on building a supportive business environment within the region informed by the needs of the sectors highlighted below should be advanced.
Forfás will be working with the Department of the Environment to update the water/waste water needs of enterprise in the NSS centres later in the year16.
its environment and people through all groups and agencies working together. As a member of THE WHO European Network of Healthy Cities Waterford will be working to address the following areas:
The region has a strong natural asset base in the quality of the natural environment and landscape as well as heritage sites and gardens,
The good quality of the natural environment and landscape presents opportunities for further development of cultural and recreational assets.
investigation and analysis techniques for the built environment. Teagasc has its national headquarters in the South East,(at Oak Park,
The diverse landscape and natural environment across the South East region, from rolling countryside and fertile agricultural land, to rugged uplands and expansive coastlines provides immense choice in terms of sporting
The rivers of the South East region Barrow, Nore, Suir, Slaney and Blackwater-are a unique feature of the landscape providing links between the physical, the historic, the environment and individuals.
in order to maintain the quality of the local environment. Product: Fáilte Ireland's strategy for the region is multifaceted based on a brand, building on key regional strengths:
FAS is estimating a budget spend for the Region of €18m for 2012, based on its assessment of the socioeconomic and industrial environment in the Region, together with research and analysis of employment opportunities in the South East Region.
some of which are well known in terms of enhancing Ireland's business environment. For the indigenous companies, access to finance (investment
Actions Business Environment: It is critical that the necessary actions are taken to ensure that Ireland realises structural changes in the costs of doing business,
learning and research within an inclusive student-centred environment to foster graduates of distinction who are ready to take a leadership role in business, the professions, industry, public service and society.
Business & Humanities (Business Communications, Management, Humanities, Sport, Media & Marketing) Science & Computing (Computing, Networking, Science & Health) Engineering (Built Environment, Electronic, Mechanical and Aerospace
A concerted regional approach focused on building a supportive business environment within the region informed by the needs of the sectors highlighted below should be advanced.
this is illustrated by the emergence of new actors who seek to mobilise STI to meet social demands in areas such as health, energy or the environment.
Implemented in different environment and toward various social challenges, it should pave the way for new modes of involvement
which triggers the ripple effect as output of innovation. 17 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL CHALLENGES Social challenges The fact is that the environment surrounding our society is rapidly changing, not to mention the climate change, aging population, energy problems,
Also, we need to keep the quality of public services for citizens and entrepreneurs at a high level, in the light of the new environment
just rewards for the same job, a safe environment and adequate support in difficult situations.
multiplying and made more complex by globalisation and a degrading environment. They are all the harder to resolve as they are rooted systemically and interconnected.
'Similar to other OECD member countries, Japan has a number of research funds to science and technology development for tackling climate change and environment degradation.
and protect their environment using trees. The views expressed in this piece are those of the author. 60 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL CHALLENGES The blurring of boundaries in knowledge production
a wicked problem cannot simply be removed from its environment, solved and returned without affecting the environment.
Moreover, there is no clear relationship between cause and effect. Such problems actively require new approaches to find solutions.
environment and planning d Goodwin PP (1998)‘ Hired hands'or‘Local Voice':'constructions, experience and responses to local participation in conservation.
and the sustainability for environment and society by CSR. 3. Scalability Influential corporations like MNCS can especially lead to enlarge social impacts to change society.
Solutions for the protection from rising sea levels, for better healthcare and for a cleaner environment in turn offer businesses innovation and significant export opportunities.
Such challenges include a cleaner environment and more security on the streets (smart cameras. In public and semipublic sectors, too, like healthcare and education, innovative entrepreneurship is needed
The aim is to offer a novel, stimulating environment for a temporary, creative think tank that combines the pleasure of intensive exchange with tangible results.
org. uk/NESTA Big Green Challenge www. nesta. org. uk/areas of work/public services lab/environment/big green ch allenge 99 FOSTERING INNOVATION TO ADDRESS SOCIAL
Long argues that the end of these constraints creates an environment for learning unleashed. It is an educational environment that puts increasing control in the hands of the learner.
Students of paleontology could use AR to study collaboratively dinosaurs in a real-world environment enhanced by 3d virtual dinosaurs that once roamed that space.
Students in 21st century Canada might gain a new understanding of their environment's ancient past by encountering 3d animated versions of the true-life giant camels that once roamed that country (Austen, 2013.
Innovative educators can use this technology to help meet learning objectives in a mobile environment.
Moreover, learning analytics based on such data are increasingly being incorporated across digital learning environments. Mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets can be used easily as well as clicker apps
either or hard to replace in an online learning environment (Hayes, 2011). ) These nonverbal cues are sometimes critical to comprehension
(although there are techniques to introduce nonverbal communication in an online learning environment). In the years ahead, educators can optimize their instruction with a wide spectrum of digital tools.
what is the role for human teachers in such an AI-driven environment? A parallel case is
The value of learning analytics to networked learning on a personal learning environment. Retrieved on 9 june 2013 from file://C:/Users/User/Downloads/18150452. pdf Geocaching.
It is acknowledged generally that the effective application of IT should enable firms to respond more appropriately to their environment (Das, Zahra,
Small and Medium-Size Food Enterprises in a Concentrated Industry Environment, Journal of Small Business Management 44 (1), 64 80.
Aligning Manufacturing Strategy and Business-Level Competitive Strategy in New Competitive Environments: The 214 JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Case for Strategic Resonance, Journal of Management Studies 42,793 815.
A Ten-Year Investigation of Strategy, Systems and Environment upon Innovation in Family Firms, Family business Review 19 (1), 1 10.
The Natural Environment, Innovation, and Firm Performance: A Comparative Study, Family business Review 19 (4), 275 288.
Finally, Switzerland's macroeconomic environment is among the most stable in the world (8th) at a time
This has provided the workforce with the skills needed to adapt rapidly to a changing environment
Finland's macroeconomic environment weakens slightly on the back of rising inflation (above 3 percent),
Last but not least, the country boasts a stable macroeconomic environment (13th), with a balanced budget and manageable public debt levels.
its macroeconomic environment is more stable than that of a number of other advanced economies.
On the other hand, the country's macroeconomic environment (110th, down from 85th last year) represents the greatest drag on its competitiveness,
which has provided the Danish workforce with the skills needed to adapt rapidly to a changing environment
Moreover, Norway's macroeconomic environment is ranked an impressive 3rd out of all countries (up from 4th last year),
and further improving its environment for research and development. Austria is ranked 16th this year, up three places since last year, with small improvements across a number of areas.
and an environment that facilitates new business creation. Business operations are distinguished also by high levels of sophistication and professional management.
and its macroeconomic environment is burdened by persistent deficit spending and high public debt. France is ranked 21st, down three places from last year on the back of falling confidence in public and private institutions (down four places) and the financial sector (down 13 places in trustworthiness.
Yet the country's macroeconomic environment continues to raise significant concern (131st), although matters seem to be moving in the right direction following the government's massive bailout of the banking sector.
On the other hand, a weakened macroeconomic environment (123rd) and financial markets (97th) remain areas of concern. Despite its very delicate macroeconomic situation and the well-known difficulties of its banking system that restricts the access to financing for local firms, Spain remains stable at 36th place.
and undermine investor confidence Italy is ranked 97th overall for its institutional environment. The efforts being undertaken by the present government to address such concerns,
As in the case of other Southern European economies, Portugal continues to suffer from a deteriorating macroeconomic environment (116th)
The country's competitiveness benefits notably from a healthier macroeconomic environment than in previous years.
A sharp improvement in the macroeconomic environment up from 44th to 22nd position because of low government debt and a government budget that has moved into surplus has not been enough to allow the country to compensate for the poorer assessment of its already weak public institutions (133rd
In the context of the ongoing sovereign debt crisis, Greece continues to fall in the macroeconomic environment pillar,
Strengthening competitiveness will require continued improvements to the economy's institutional framework as well as stabilizing its macroeconomic environment,
The country boasts outstanding infrastructure (9th) and a sound macroeconomic environment (10th), with a government budget surplus above 2 percent of GDP and low level of public indebtedness.
On a more positive note, the macroeconomic environment continues to improve albeit marginally (27th, up one spot) as the budget deficit was reduced to less than 2 percent of GDP
and the macroeconomic environment is stable, judging by the country's 25th rank on the related pillar.
Meanwhile, the macroeconomic environment (99th) continues to be characterized by large and repeated public deficits and the highest debt-to-GDP ratio among the BRICS.
The macroeconomic environment also exhibits marked improvement (36th up 18) and represents one of the strongest aspects of the Philippine's performance,
As a sign of its fragility and extreme volatility, Vietnam plunges 41 places in the macroeconomic environment pillar to 106th after it had recorded a 20-place gain in the previous edition.
sustained by improvements in its macroeconomic environment, the efficiency of its markets for goods and services,
Its strong performance in terms of competitiveness rests on solid foundations made up of a high-quality institutional framework, a stable macroeconomic environment (2nd),
Its macroeconomic environment benefits from rising energy prices, which buoyed the budget balance into an even higher surplus in 2011.
Its favorable financial environment, particularly evident in the ease of access to venture capital (3rd), has contributed to making Israel The Global Competitiveness Report 2012 2013:
Room for improvement also remains with respect to the macroeconomic environment (64th), where increased budgetary discipline with a view to reducing debt levels (121st) would help the country maintain stability
Stabilizing the macroeconomic environment should remain on the agenda and should be accompanied by growth-enhancing structural reforms.
First, the macroeconomic environment has deteriorated over recent years to reach 138th position mainly because of widening fiscal deficit
The high business costs of crime and violence (134th) and the sense that the police are unable to provide sufficient protection from crime (90th) do not contribute to an environment that fosters competitiveness.
and a good security environment. Its labor markets are efficient, its financial markets are developed relatively well,
Although improving since last year, Botswana's macroeconomic environment remains of some concern and is ranked 81st this year.
The country continues to benefit from a relatively well functioning institutional environment (52nd), with well-protected property rights, an independent judiciary,
despite a slight improvement since last year, the institutional environment does not support a competitive economy because of concerns about the protection of property rights, ethics and corruption, undue influence,
And despite efforts to improve its macroeconomic environment including the dollarization of its economy in early 2009
To develop a corridor benchmarking methodology against key performance indicators (KPIS) on the environment, economy and service quality;
and so to strategically position the European Smart Grids know-how as optimally as possible within the worldwide competitive environment.
and websites of Smart Grids relevant documents and information in each project partners national/regional environment.
But there is not yet any law shaping Austrias smart grid research environment explicitly. Quite vast is the Smart Grids support in terms of research & development (R&d)
Programmes and Policy The framework for energy research in general (compare Table 18 in general in the Danish R&d environment is given by the document System Responsibility and Transmission Grid,
-Physical and Social Environment Development Action Plan (Estonian) Later-Energy Sector State Development Plan up to year 2020 (Estonian) Available-Electricity Market Act;
R&d Framework, Programmes and Policy The Organisation of Research and development Act determines the Estonian research environment (as presented in Table 22.
It identifies general R&d challenges, vision and objectives for e g. greater competitiveness of Estonia within the global research environment.
10022 Energy Savings Target Programme 2007-2013 (Estonian) www. mkm. ee/221420/Physical and Social Environment Development Action Plan (Estonian) www
available in Flemish only) was designed by the Environment, Nature and Energy department (www. lne. be/en).
Six model consortia have been awarded funds in the framework of a technology competition held by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology in close cooperation with the Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
and verification of active system technologies by means of trial testing into an experimental testing facility Interrelation between the electrical system and the environment Scenarios, project information
including the priority no. 1 Energy and Environment. This priority includes research of smart grids-related technologies that promote the use of renewable energy sources.
Project Information & Platforms Latvia The two national programme websites of the Latvian Academy of Sciences and the Latvian Council of Sciences lead to more detailed information in the Latvian research environment.
The R&d support environment of the Nordic Region, represented by the research funding agency Nordic Energy Research (www. nordicenergy. net), is defined by both periodic Plan:
R&d Framework, Programmes and Policy The major documents building the environment for R&d in general in Slovenia are the Research and development Act,
fair pricing and protection of the environment. Scenarios, project information and platforms Detailed information about single projects can be found in the Energy research data base of the SFOE (Swiss Federal office of Energy).
-The built environment of The netherlands-Energy Innovation Agenda R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy The netherlands In 2008 the Innovatieagenda Energie (Energy Innovation Agenda) was published.
Furthermore, the document The built environment of The netherlands Energy Innovation Agenda gives An outlook on energy-neutral new construction and sustainable existing buildings.
lange termijn van 23 september 2004 http://lexius. nl/besluit-eos-lange-termijn The built environment of The netherlands-Energy Innovation Agenda http://www
in order to provide a privacy-aware decentralised environment for open data; 3. Educate a technology-savvy multidisciplinary workforce,
transmitting data coming from people, sensors, the environment and objects themselves. However, we cannot expect the Internet by itself to drive innovation to help citizens address major societal challenges.
data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
third sector and social movements) and cuts across domains as diverse as (1) health, wellbeing and inclusion,(2) innovative socioeconomic models,(3) energy and environment,(4) participation and open
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Maker Fairs Another interesting example of collaborative innovation environments is the possibility of setting up Urban Labs in Cities.
One interesting example of an Urban Lab is the Barcelona Urban Lab. It was created to facilitate the use of urban space as a laboratory available to companies that need to test their products and services in a real environment.
and the environment in order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioral change.
and communities are beginning to aggregate the layers of data that increasingly permeate the urban environment,
enhanced by the way technology is integrated within the learning environment. Open standards A number of organisations affect DSI in Europe through acting as expert bodies on the development of policy and strategies and advocating
An open sensor network (OSN) is a wireless sensor network that manages open information in an open environment.
and forwards the gathered information to the central point within a wireless environment. Sensor networks are the key infrastructures of a smart city, providing basic data on the usage of energy, pollution, geodata, traffic, geography, tourism and other areas.
and from the environment The explosion of new types of data analytics and machine learning means that it is no longer only government
Communia, a European union-wide thematic network that focuses on strategic policy discussion of existing and emerging issues concerning the public domain in the digital environment is one example of this,
and social innovation) and LIPSE (researching innovation in public sector environments) are further examples of research activities
prediction and control of people and the environment. However, as outlined by Rob Van Kranenburg,
FINANCE AND ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT SMART PUBLIC SERVICES ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Health and Wellbeing Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
AND ECONOMY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SKILLS CULTURE AND ARTS WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 254 251 164 163 162 138
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and society by complementing the telecommunications regulatory environment, modernising copyright rules, simplifying rules for consumers making online and digital purchases,
Participatory means that the policy environment contrasts with more traditional innovation policy frameworks where there is a strong focus on the market perspective and competitiveness.
and fundamental freedoms in the digital environment. Big data and cloud companies but also States have a lot of control over an individual's online identity.
Digital Social Innovation takes place in the context of a more collaborative, horizontal and cooperative environment.
or adapted in order to provide an environment conducive to openness and collaboration, while preserving citizens'rights and data protection.
and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces and units set up run
and co-working spaces Maker spaces (such as Fablabs), real-life testing and experimentation environments where users and producers can cocreate innovations (including Living Labs), Hackerspaces and hackathons (such as
cut costs and improve the environment. Easier procurement could be a route to scale and higher impact this requires attention to the details of how procurement is organised (e g. to make it easier for smaller organisations to win contracts),
-social-innovation en. pdf 74 http://ec. europa. eu/environment/beyond gdp/index en. html 75 http://www. oecdbetterlifeindex. org/76 http://www
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