Synopsis: Entrepreneurship: Environment:

67 Innovation friendly business environments for SMES...70 Research infrastructures, centres of competence and science parks...

and dynamics of the entrepreneurial environment. Regional assets: a strategy rooted in the regional specificities First,

The analytical effort carried out in order to generate the basic information input for a RIS3 should have a special focus on the regional entrepreneurial environment,

society, and environment shared by all stakeholders. The scenario constitutes the basis for developing a vision about where the region would like to be in the future,

business environment favourable to the creation of new SMES; existence of policies and instruments to foster the commercialisation of the output of innovation;

This involves expert work on value chain analysis (undertaken in an international environment and enlightening the spatial division of labour),

RIS3 processes can develop environments which both support and utilise user-centred innovation activities also with the aim of securing better conditions to commercialise R&d efforts.

disciplines and professions and they are fashioned invariably in action learning environments where there is a high degree of novelty associated with the activity.

environment, transports, etc. When developing RIS3 strategies, Member States and regions need to take into account/be involved in the discussions on

and energy challenges is based on the relationship between the built environment and the natural environment.

primarily rural near urban, primarily rural and primarily urban and coastal, closely resembles the OECD (2011b) regional typology based on the dominant built environment and natural environment features,

Clusters, Innovation friendly business environments for SMES, Research infrastructures, centres of competence and science parks, Universities-enterprise cooperation, Digital agenda, Key enabling technologies, Cultural

www. clustercollaboration. eu. 70 Innovation friendly business environments for SMES Why should an innovation-friendly business environment be part of smart specialisation?

and especially micro-enterprises, are heavily dependent on their regional environment where proximity plays a key role for innovation,

which is a framework for building a more friendly business environment in Europe. Regional authorities should focus on the content of the SBA

as well as those dealing with specific policy areas (such as industry, health, agriculture, environment and culture) can provide public authorities and private sectors with strategic advice,

ecall), a cleaner environment and more efficient energy networks (smart grids, smart metering), inter-modal and sustainable cities (smart cities), new media opportunities and easier access

i e. via the development of a creative environment that promotes traditional cultural assets (cultural heritage, touristic destinations,

''Developing new business models for SMES','Improving the urban environment','Developing Business incubators,'Supporting the physical and economic regeneration of urban and rural areas and communities,

when programme is adopted on 23.november 108 Innovative financial instruments for CCIS are tested also under the European Creative Industries Alliance. 109 Included under the Cohesion policy as part of the thematic objective for protecting the environment.

and improving the environment and promoting sustainable communities, and supporting the establishment of a sustainable, competitive and secure energy supply.

for example, the administrations in charge of health and care services, environment, mobility, energy, housing, waste and water management do not perceive themselves as having any role to play regarding support for innovative firms.

129 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/business-environment/public-procurement/105 The ERDF permits the strategic combination of investments in R&d&i capacitybuilding with demand

as the partnership contracts and strategic reference frameworks include different strands of administration (e g. environment, transport, industry,

http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/ict/pcp/home en. html 147 http://ec. europa. eu/environment/gpp/index en. htm 107 The Enterprise

but local and regional authorities are also usually responsible for implementing policies, programmes, legislation and public investments in key areas for sustainable growth and innovation such as energy, environment, transport, land-use, education

and getting the actors of innovation and environment working together. Moreover regions have to reflect on how to benefit from the fast-emerging green eco-innovation sector.

In the current programming period, ensuring innovation for sustainable growth requires improved coordination between different operational and rural development programmes in the areas of innovation, competitiveness, environment and energy.

taking into account the impacts on the environment from design to delivery and end-of-life.

109 Commissioning a strategic analysis and approach on the region's own characteristics, assets, challenges and opportunities as regards its environment, natural assets, renewable energy potential and climate impacts in the studies

Environment, climate change and energy are included specifically in the draft new regulatory package, covering all shared managed funds, through thematic objectives, investment priorities,

energy & climate challenges in cities 158 http://ec. europa. eu/environment/gpp/toolkit en. htm 159 http://ec. europa. eu/environment/emas/tools

Horizon 2020 and the Competiveness and SME programme (COSME) will be the major instruments to provide direct support and a favourable environment for growth of SMES.

Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials SC5-20-2014/2015 Boosting the potential of small businesses for eco-innovation and a sustainable supply of raw materials 17.00 19.00 13.

Improve the business environment of the supported SMES by establishing open collaboration spaces that can involve innovation actors from different sectors and countries.

It is the objective of this action to make available to national and regional innovation agencies these two methodologies as elements of a permanent peer learning environment

Transferring the IMP rove project into an independent legal entity shall increase flexibility to reply to needs from regions and Member States while at the same time operating the tools in stable environment with highly qualified staff.

First, by providing a capacity building environment for the innovation advisors (staff of Enterprise Europe Network) that work in regions with a weakly developed consulting base and no own assessment and consulting tools;

and the bioeconomy 3. Secure, clean and efficient energy 4. Smart, green and integrated transport 5. Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials 6. Inclusive

By supporting projects and ideas that boost competitiveness as well as tackle societal issues such as human health and protecting the environment, European research and innovation policy contributes to the individual and collective well-being

and ideas are therefore fundamental requirements for research in a globally competitive environment. Creating a better society By 2050,

and diversity, protecting the environment, combating poverty and social exclusion in short, to creating a better society for citizens.

Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials; Europe in a changing world-inclusive, innovative and reflective societies;

resource-efficient transport that respects the environment. Making transport and transport systems seamless: better mobility, less congestion, greater safety and security.

http://tiny. cc/ji7r0w The Importance of the Environment The era of seemingly plentiful and cheap resources is coming to an end:

Water is fundamental to human health food security, sustainable development and the environment. It is also an economic sector of growing importance for Europe with a turnover of some €80 billion a year,

and Innovation doing to support the Environment? Helping to build a green economy a circular economy in sync with the natural environment is part of the answer.

The Societal Challenge‘Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials'will focus on investing in innovation for a green economy.

This will require great progress in public sector and social innovation. Activities will address gaps in the knowledge base necessary for a thorough understanding of environmental changes,

and harnessing water research and innovation results for the benefit of industry, policy makers and citizens in Europe and worldwide. 5. Climate Action, Environment,

activities relating to‘Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials'also relate to other challenges such as‘Blue growth:

'Since 2007, the EU budget has financed close to 500 environment research projects, with more than 7, 000 participants, from 126 countries and with an SME participation rate of 17%.

The Commission wants to develop trustworthy ICT solutions ensuring a secure and reliable digital environment in Europe. 7. Secure and Innovative Societies Fotolia. com Research and Innovation Keeping fingerprint and facial recognition

*Franz To dtling b a Austrian Research centers Seibersdorf, Systems Research Technology Economy Environment, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria b Department of City and Regional Development, University

and influence the external environment than large firms (Smallbone et al.,2000). ) One of the consequences as far as established firms are concerned,

High technology Industry and Innovative Environments: The European Experience. Routledge, London. Braczyk, H.,Cooke, P.,Heidenreich, R. Eds.

working as a researcher at the Austrian Research centers Seibersdorf in the division Systems Research Technology Economy Environment.

Franz To dtling has published also in a number of professional journals such as Regional Studies, Environment and Planning, Papers of the Regional Science Association, European Planning Studies, Research Policy, and Technovation

These concepts are based on the fact that innovations appear to be dependent on their environment which includes for example the scientific and institutional infrastructure of regions

Malecki (1997: 89) takes this one step further by indicating a need for a technical culture as one element needed for a favourable RTD environment.

thus creating an environment conducive for learning processes. Recent research picked up this topic in discussing collective learning which is understood as the learning process between different agents (enterprises, public research institutions, etc.

With regard to RTD, this draws attention to both the environment which is needed for technical and scientific knowledge to be existent

, good entrepreneurial environments) and high diversity of social groups. For example, this is reflected in the general attractiveness of a region and measured by the‘gay'or the‘bohemian'index,

Approaches range from science and technology policies to innovation policies and promoting a supportive environment

and speedup learning and innovation processes within firms as well as between firms and their environment (Nauwelaers et al. 1999).

which emphasizes the role that regional and national environments play in influencing RTD and innovation in firms.

One focus of policy attention in this regard has been on regional clusters of innovative enterprises and the role of the external environment in fostering innovation (Lawson 1997.

'but also creating an attractive environment for living. 2. 3. 2. Is there a Role for Policy?

For example, a study on Munich as a high technology region in Germany indicated that this local environment is characterised by extensive inter-and intraregional linkages as well as 31 by comprehensive co-operation between large and small firms

‘Without external interaction, the local production system could suffer from intellectual‘lock in'hindering the region's ability to successfully adapt to new changing environments

which has been included because of the university environment, and Boston/Route 128, which has been chosen for its demonstrated potential to overcome a crisis. Montpellier in South France stands for The french technopole concept,

business infrastructure and environment as key arguments for investing and living in Montpellier. This is ac 47 companied by special support services for firms planning to localise in Montpellier (Lasch 2006.

Another success factor in Prato's history was its ability to rapidly adapt to changes in the international competitive environment (Dei Ottati 2004, 1996b.

The example of Prato shows how a region in a traditional economic environment with a rather low R&d level can perform well by benefiting from spatial and social proximity

its natural environment determining the quality of life within 63 a region, its industry base and market structures.

Structure and evolution of entrepreneurial behavioural patterns in‘Low Trust'and‘High Trust'environments of East and Western europe, Part 3:

Environment and Planning A 34,429-449. Malmberg, A.,Ö. Sölvell and I. Zander (1996: Spatial Clustering, Local Accumulation of Knowledge and Firm Competitiveness.

Regional differences in environment for enterprises. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 11,187-202. Rizzoni, A. 1991:

+0. 5%)Competitiveness Hot spots in key technologies Health, Environment, Automobiles, Biotechnology HT+MT contribution to the trade balance 2011: 5. 84%(EU:

unfavourable framework conditions for innovation, in particular an unpredictable business environment, a high administrative burden and competition not conducive to innovation;

, 500 2, 000 Kilometers Martinique & Guadeloupe Réunion Technological production Environment Scientifi c production Source:

Compiled by Science-Metrix using data from Scopus (Elsevier) Number of publications by NUTS2 regions of ERA countries Environment (including Climate Change & Earth sciences), 2000-2011 Publications (Fractional Counting

In the case of environment, Hungary had a growth index of 1. 21 between 2000 and 2009 compared to an EU average of 1. 25.

17.6: 16.8: 16.8: 16.8::-0. 8 38.4 23 Environment related technologies patent applications to the EPO per billion GDP in current €pps 0. 08 0

17.6: 16.8: 16.8: 16.8::-0. 8 38.4 23 Environment-related technologies-patent applications to the EPO per billion GDP in current PPS€ 0. 08 0

or collaborative processes between companies that are not necessarily transactionfocused (for example industrial engineers collaborating on a design in an online environment).

European Federation for Transport and Environment European Logistics Association European Freight and Logistics Leaders Club CLECAT, European association for forwarding, transport, logistic and customs services. 16

However, the disadvantage of this situation rely in its harmful effects on the environment (road construction, land use for parking, emissions etc.

This is in order to meet the needs of the environment and public concerns without compromising the competitiveness of the transport system

protect the environment; ensure energy security; promote minimum labour standards for the sector; protect passengers and citizens;

Transport and environment: on the way to a new common transport policy. TERM 2006: indicators tracking transport and environment in the European union. 37 Tostmann S.,(2004) Trends in European Transportation Challenges and Opportunities for the Supply Chain, Business Briefing:

Global Purchasing & Supply Chain Strategy. 38 Karel Vinck (2007. ERTMS Project, Annual Activity Report of Coordinator, Brussels. 39 COM (2006) 336 final.

Transport and environment: on the way to a new common ibid. 47 Freight Transport Logistics in Europe the key to sustainable mobility ibid.

while at the same time minimising the impact on the environment. European cities increasingly face problems caused by transport and traffic.

security and environment is illustrated by Värmlandstrafik AB case study, in Sweden (see Section 5. 12). The Public transport Authority (PTA) in Sweden was under pressure from the Government to better control the pollution generated by the public transport.

and in city areas is an essential element of the quality of life of the 80%of Europe's population that live in urban areas. 49 Freight distribution in urban environments also creates a number of challenges for citizens.

49 COM (2004) 0060 final Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions-Towards a thematic strategy on the urban environment.

but also to set up concrete and achievable goals for the environment for the different regional authorities.

E-business in the transport & logistics industry 58 3. 3. 4 Deployment and implications of RFID technology Factors determining the use of RFID in the TLS industry The current business environment

and environment, the European commission has launched a wide-ranging public consultation on the policy issues and possible concerns raised by the deployment of RFID technology and its applications. 91 In practice,

environments and applications, enterprises that commit to the RFID journey are and will still be facing some challenges that need to be overcome as to lower implementation risks

a major part of the corporate environment and driving decisions. The new capabilities to use the Internet to supply large amounts of relevant information from multiple internal and external sources give the possibility to move from isolated information systems toward an integrated environment in every business organisation.

Current opinion holds that Internet-based supply chain integration with upstream suppliers and downstream customers-"e-integration"-is superior to traditional ways of doing business.

Although the term ERP originated in the manufacturing environment today's use of the term ERP systems has much broader scope.

One of the main causes regarding this situation is also that the change from the non-ERP to the ERP environment requires a considerable amount of effort for change management.

In short, they will become breeding environments for sustainable virtual organisations (VOS. 96 In the other hand, it has been proven that for the TLS sector that e-collaboration increases innovative output of the firms involved in that inter-organisational collaboration (see section 4. 3. 1). This collaborative integration

networked environment. The use of applications and practices supporting the electronic exchange of information between companies occurs simultaneously with close relations with business partners.

since the solution is managed by specialists in a controlled technical environment (see Section 5. 2). These cases were selected

noise emissions, emission of pollutants and accidents are problems that decrease the quality of the urban environment substantially.

Allen et al identifies the changes in the supply chain management practices that have a growing impact on city traffic and on the related urban environment.

It particularly points out the difficulties of guaranteeing a good quality of information in an environment of multiple and small supplier, as it is the case for Saima Avandero in Italy. 3. 5. 2 e-Integrated supply chains:

since the solution is managed by specialists in a controlled technical environment Another point that AIT would like to improve in the future is the creation of Business processes together with the deployment of IT solutions.

which was characterised by a change of the market environment due to railway liberalisation. Following the liberalisation,

and operating in an international environment face the same issue. These cost factors should be taken into account

It particularly points out the difficulties of guaranteeing a good quality of information in an environment of multiple and small supplier, as it is the case for Saima Avandero in Italy.

defining the contracts, setting up requirements that concern the respect of E-business in the transport & logistics industry 181 passenger comfort, security and environment and controlling the respect of the requirements and the activity of the operators.

and use and have a better control on the respect of agreed requirements by the operators in terms of comfort, quality, security and environment.

and environment. 5. 12.2 E-business activities The solution chosen by Värmlandstrafik had been developed initially by Nordic Port and the Public transport Authority (PTA) in West Sweden,

but also to set up concrete and achievable goals for the environment for the different regional authorities. 5. 12.5 References Research for this case study was conducted by Caren Hochheimer, Altran, on behalf of the Sectoral e-Businesswatch.

Now there is a positive market environment to attain this goal: driven by market requirements, and enabled by technological advances,

on the urban environment COM (2005) 474, final. Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: A Policy Framework to Strengthen EU Manufacturing-towards a more integrated approach for Industrial Policy."

Transport and environment: on the way to a new common transport policy. TERM 2006: indicators tracking transport and environment in the European union.

E-Logistics, Free Essays, Cliff Notes and Term Paper Database. Available at: http://www. essays. cc/free essays/b2/utv192. shtml Erber, G. 2005.

Last but not least, continuous research and innovation can help to build a secure and trustworthy digital environment

and care for the environment to support future growth 40 Living in a secure and trustworthy society 33 Effective online public services for citizens and businesses 23 Independent, active and safe living

Routine and leisure activities will be monitored in the users'home environment. The information will increase patients'self-awareness

people with disabilities easily interacting with their environment: these are just some examples of the benefits Information

now allocate funds to meet the priorities the EIP on AHA identifies (e g. prevention, integrated care, age-friendly environments, adherence to prescription).

disabled and people with physical impairments starts by improving their living conditions in their own environment,

Key information on the environment where the person lives and on his/her clinical parameters are sent to a Contact Centre

HRI (Human-Robot Interaction) design principles and interaction patterns for semiautonomous multi-role shadow robots in home environments.

Runtime support, a software environment providing services for the execution of AAL applications. Development support,

The longitudinal analysis of the end users'needs has enabled a better understanding of parameters such as acceptance, integration in a domestic environment and suitability for social interaction.

2008-2010 CONFIDENCE The system developed works indoors, with small and low cost changes needed in the user's environment.

and environment and pollution. http://www. open-dai. eu/Similarly, the eenviper project (2012-2014) will integrate relevant processes

What is new is its extension to our digital environment. Indeed, our economy and society are now highly dependent on Information and Communication Technology (ICT.

It has created also a Task force Legislation Team (eidas) to deliver a predictable regulatory environment for electronic identification

All these factors make network management an evolving environment that becomes more challenging every day. The DEMONS project seeks to build a novel cooperative network monitoring

and privacy-preserving MONITORING for trustworthiness) The project will demonstrate the results in a production-like environment through inter and intra-domain trials.

The Future Internet will provide an environment in which a diverse range of services are offered by a diverse range of suppliers.

and maintain trustworthiness and secure behaviour in a constantly changing service environment. The project is aligning existing and developing new technology, methods, tools and security services.

and care for the environment to support future growth How to foster economic growth while respecting the environment and coping with a growing shortage in resources?

and adapt cities into smart intelligent and sustainable environments. Almost three quarters of Europeans live in cities,

%The SAVE ENERGY project uses a serious game (virtual computer game used for professional training purposes) with an engaging virtual environment for users to gain awareness,

which vehicles sense their environment and assist the driver or wirelessly talk to each other or the road infrastructure.

The project aimed to measure the impact of these systems on road safety, mobility, driver behaviour and the environment.

Greener transport Cooperative systems can also help transport to have less impact on the environment.

transport and the urban environment, provided that it is based on solid empirical grounding and behavioral rules consistent with observed behavior (e g.

as well as the generation of air toxics detrimental to urban and global environments. The technologies intended to decrease the need for travel

The Impacts of Virtual Mobility on Transport, the Environment, and Land use. STELLA Focus Group 2 meeting, Newcastle, UK, 8-10 may 2003.

and a more satisfying work environment for the staff. Such a system should ICT's Role in Healthcare Transformation Report of the Health ICT Industry Group Page 10 fully exploit the benefits of information

efficiently and effectively meeting the increasing demands of stakeholders in the healthcare environment, patients, professionals and funders.

but in highly integrated environment can often be found embedded in systems such as Patient Portals, Self service Applications and Personal Health Records.

By integrating electronic health records and other decision support tools within the clinical care environment,

Doctors use the software's instant messaging capability to consult with each other for quick questions or opinions in a secure real-time environment.

and will create an environment where willingness to adapt will bring demonstrable benefit to those involved.

and may also provide a better environment to help tackle community programmes relating to lifestyle and behavioural illness. 6. 2. 2 Indirect Benefit to the Economy In addition to the benefits

and business-friendly environment, Ireland has a tremendous opportunity to exploit multiple opportunities in these international markets.

and adapt to a changing global environment. Although the economy as a whole may have faced difficulty integrating and exploiting new technologies to boost performance reflecting perhaps a broad range of structural and administrative impediments it may be that Italian exporters have had better success. To this end,

however, a country's competitiveness may also reflect the ability of its exporting firms to adapt successfully to a changing external environment;

while posing strict constraints on the access to sensitive information, the system has to cope with the dynamic environment of healthcare

and the business environment in which they operate (Burrone and Jaiya 2005). Particularly innovation in the manufacturing sector is a very complex process

but are influenced also strongly by the overall environment. Hoffman et al. 1998) based on a survey of studies pertaining to UK,

and more services than would otherwise be provided in an incentive-neutral environment. This means that they do not provide the appropriate incentive environment for physicians to engage in complex cases, co-ordination of care or in services outside of the traditional office visit,

such as phone consultations or using electronic media to communicate with patients. The empirical evidence that FFS payment schemes tend to result in the over-provision of services and the under-provision of coordinated,

while specialist care provided in a hospital outpatient environment is salaried mostly. In a salary-based system, a physician is paid a fixed amount of money per hour worked.

2005). 2. 6. Privacy and security are crucial How health care organisations handle their digital information environment affects the uptake of health ICTS.

Sharing sensitive patient data in a large and heterogeneous environment through the use of web-based applications raises a series of privacy and security issues.

Each vendor sets up a test environment that replicates the live environment of its EHR system

and to support best practice care delivery within Alberta's electronic health environment. Through a combination of funding, information technology services and change management services, POSP has helped nearly half of Alberta's practicing physicians to incorporate information technology into their practices.

These questions address the state of readiness of the environment. 116 CHAPTER 5. USING BENCHMARKING TO SUPPORT CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:

since different questions, wording or explanations may be necessary in different environments. To be useful in all contexts,

self-contained modules to ensure flexibility and adaptability to a rapidly changing environment. While the use of core modules allows measurement on an internationally comparable basis,

self-contained modules to ensure flexibility and adaptability to a rapidly changing environment. While the use of core modules allows the measurement on an internationally comparable basis,

THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Incremental change Experience with homegrown systems and a supportive environment contributed to acceptance and successful implementation of EMRS.

as well as practice support to ensure smooth transition to the digital environment. Developed community-level HIES custom built

Early adopters within an innovation-friendly environment Swedish pharmacists had been experimenting with e-prescription since 1981,

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