A number or respondents said internal communications are improved sharply, especially through using social media. For example, Jon Bidwell, chief innovation officer at Chubb, a large specialty insurer, told us that social business tools
and services Ensure cross-channel consistency Automate our operational processes Enhance the productivity of our workers Improve internal communication Expand our reach to new customers
That would mean breaking down barriers to communication that existed in the company's culture of rivalry.
Among steps Intel took to improve communications were adding 220 video conferencing rooms, electronic white boarding,
and needing cultural changes to make KPIS work (see Figure 8). Those that do measure can be guilty of using fuzzy math.
at least 10 by 2020#of companies supported related to communication by social media. Target: at least 2 per county by 2020 Re-evaluation of the administrative capacity directly involved in the activity of management of governmental Cloud Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Data centers
and business framework for the communication process within the public institutions Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Establish key coordinators
and teams for the communication process PR Communication Departments within the public institutions Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Define the communication plan tailored for each public institution Ministry
and friends to benefit from support in the development of einclusion measures Facilitate communication between groups targeted for social inclusion Develop uniform digital literacy
and friends to benefit from support in the development of einclusion measures Facilitate communication between groups targeted for social inclusion Develop uniform digital literacy
support) Ministry of Labor (support) Improvement of communication and collaboration between CERT-RO, the institution
and is the underlying requirement for electronic infrastructure of data networks, electronic services and communications.
for border security and resilience of critical information and communications infrastructure by stimulating and supporting the development of national and multinational capabilities in this area.
and information gathering on Page 47 of 170 cyber security incidents either in an automated manner or secured through direct communication as appropriate.
In the communication submitted by the European commission"Unleashing the Potential of Cloud computing in Europe""one provides the first definitions and European strategies in this field.
Social media Definition Social media are defined as specific Web 2. 0 communication tools which enables people to interact,
Through this field of action, Romania needs to pursue a revaluing of the current communication process of public entities in Romania, by modernizing communication channels.
Most of those institutions have developed a one way type of communication, reporting information, but not giving the possibility of real time comments and feedback. 2. 4. 4 Strategic Lines of Development Strategic Lines of Development for Social media in Romania Strategic Lines of Development Lines of Actions
Description Modernization of Communication Structures, Communication channel & Indicators Define key principles and business framework for the communication process within the public institutions (Strategic) Establish key coordinators
and teams for the communication process PR Communication Departments within the public institutions (Strategic) Define the communication plan tailored for each public institution (Enabler) Design the conversation for 1 to many,
rather than use repeatedly 1 to 1, which is cheaper and quicker one of the most useful opportunities of social media (Operational)
Communication: Smart use of social media channels: define the user profile, engage and empower him in conversations.
Use of reverse communication mechanisms: proactive notifications and keeping the citizen in the loop Indicators:
All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action Support, sponsorship and empowerment of the citizen for social media communication Support for Open Government Partnership initiative,
in the absence of financial resources for advertising and communication, have higher risks of becoming insolvent o Enabling the SME's to:
Specifically for the education domain, it can enhance communication, creation and information management through all its components:
Personal lifestyle and environmental impact factors are the most significant risk factors influencing health status. ICT ehealth Definition ehealth is a relatively recent term for healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication.
in the field of Social welfare, employment, education, health, information and communications, mobility, security, justice and culture,
a representative project in the field of einclusion was the Access to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and improvement of digital skills.
and friends to benefit from support in the development of einclusion measures (Enabler) Facilitate communication between einclusion can be achieved in two ways providing access to ICT
The current communication of the European commission identifies five main obstacles in the way of creating a unique digital market,
Page 88 of 170 5. Insufficient implementation of the high speed communication networks and of the advanced technological solutions.
NFC communication technology with short range (0-7 cm) which provides the opportunity to transform the mobile telephone in:
Improvement of communication and collaboration between CERT-RO, the institution which is responsible with the cybernetic security in Romania,
Agriculture and biotechnology Information and communication technology Energy and Environment Technological and engineering sciences (especially the automotive industry) National Indicators pertaining to Research-Development
In 3. 666 localities (29.35%)no broadband communications services are provided. In 210 localities there are private operators intending to develop broadband networks in the next 3 years.
Broadband support for meeting the National Strategy on Digital Agenda for Romania The broadband communications are enabling,
broadband communications will contribute to the implementation of the new learning methods, increasing thus the teaching quality and accessibility egovernment:
broadband communications contribute to the e-business development, having as a result cutting costs and increase of companies'competitiveness By ensuring equitable provision of coverage and access to broadband communications across Romania,
the measure helps achieving greater cohesion and contributes to the formation of the single market for ICT services.
teams of auditors of appropriate expertise (Information & Communication Technology technicians/engineers, economists, accountants, etc.
and Communication Technology), with national integrators and the presence of the main global ICT companies on the Romanian market The well-developed ICT infrastructure in the big cities,
and of a unique identification of the users The relatively reduced number of computerised public services depending on their level of sophistication The lack of certain functionalities implemented within the online system of public acquisitions The lack of a coordinated and coherent communication
and of unitary management systems of data centres for the decrease of administrative expenses and for increasing the effectiveness level of public administration Use of the social media for communication improvement both within governmental institutions as well as for support of activities
targeting the utilisation of common standards for the performance of the pan-European communication of these systems Utilisation of certain Big data technologies for the review of data generated by healthcare informatics system
if the address from the ownership title does not match with the address from the Fiscal clearance certificate Obtaining a job Registration with a library 1. Communication of personal data 2. Filling in a library sheet,
. Determination of disability 3. Determining the amount of the allowance 4. Communication of the decision High Jun 2103: 700,736 people with disabilities,
Since the possibility to reuse the existing infrastructure is one of the main factors that determine the cost related to the introduction of broadband communications,
Wholesale access Effective wholesale access of third parties to a subsidized broadband infrastructure is a requisite component of any State measure to support broadband communications.
Authority for Communications Ministry of Interior Ministry of Labour Ministry of Defence Ministry of Education Special Telecommunications Service Ministry of Health Ministry of Transport Ministry of Public Finance
and Research in Communications Private Entities Romanian Association of Consultants on Accessing European Funds Romanian Association
indirect#of companies supported related to communication by social media. direct indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect Page 167 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered
Information and Communication Technology IUS...Innovation Union Scoreboard JRC...Joint Research Centre A Directorate-General of the European commission.
as well as the development of information and communication technologies only if that country has a smart specialisation strategy
since 2005 (2012: 3. 8%).The share of the information and communication sector is steadily increasing. 11 Figure4:
Information and communication has a share of 5. 9%.Within the manufacturing industry, pharmaceuticals has the greatest weight,
%Of the service sectors, the companies of the information and communication sector emerge, where 48.4%of the companies of the sector are innovative.
and the share of information and communication are increasing. The sectoral distribution of added value in the manufacturing industry has undergone significant changes in recent years:
Of the service sectors, the companies of the information and communication sector emerge. The R&d as a whole shows a picture of regional disproportions.
or practice of communication between the SMES and the research institutes (e g.,, ordering services, use of infrastructure
It is also responsible for communication with the other regional, national and international institutions and bodies involved in the S3.
By allowing new forms of communication, collective memory and algorithmically mediated attention, the Internet forms a natural digital substrate for collective intelligence.
and the Chaos Communication Camp, an international meeting of hackers that takes place every four years,
freedom of information, human rights and communication. Supporting the principles of the hacker ethic, the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infrastructure for everybody.
and allows for more open and rapid communication between teachers and students. For instance, The Open university, based in the United kingdom,
or with the centralised data system using standard communications. The open sensor network connects the sensor with the data repository where the information is processed and stored
TOR also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features and provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow organisations
and Technology that are coordinating research on ICT for society in different domains, such as climate change, sustainable energy and communication technology itself.
and making use of strong communications and engagement strategies. One example of this is the Seoul Innovation Bureau
Chaos Communication Camp), and co-working spaces are a few examples. In addition to exploring the role of labs run by government
Secondly, beyond general events, the DSI strategy requires a communication strategy. This should include the use of social networking platforms, independent media and other news applications.
together with a description of the project management and communication factors that helped to ensure its success. Keywords:
Cox and Marshall (2007) listed five important reasons for knowing more about the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTS) on pedagogical practice and student learning, namely:(
While there are many exemplars of prosaic uses of mobile devices for communication, few examples currently exist of how they might be used as cognitive tools (Jonassen & Reeves,
Campbell, 2005) and the social and cultural shift in communication dynamics through the use of mobile devices (e g.,
and communication with the team and project reference group was enhanced with the creation of a bimonthly bulletin.
Science education Physical education Visual Arts education Maths education IT in education Multimedia education Web-based learning Literacy education Reflective practice Adult education Final
or communication from one site to another. When teachers had designed their learning tasks, they were able to trial their ideas in the PD group during this phase,
Quality assurance and project management factors Effective project management and communication mechanisms helped to ensure that the project stayed on track
A key role of the project manager throughout the project was effective and sensitive communication with,
both as an important communication device and as a repository for relevant resources, and products generated by the project.
Mobile communications: Re-negotiation of the social sphere (pp. 131-148. London: Springer. Jonassen, D. H. 2000.
In D. Jonassen (Ed.),Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 693-719.
and payments amount to around £9 billion a year. 1 2 The National Audit Office examined the way the Authority manages its prescription pricing information and communication technology (ICT),
44 4 ICT, E-BUSINESS AND SMES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCS and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes.
OECD (2003) Statement by the OECD Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy, Broadband driving growth:
E-BUSINESS AND SMES INTRODUCTION Information and communication technology (ICT) and e-business applications provide many benefits across a wide range of intra-and inter-firm business processes and transactions.
In addition, they are effective tools for improving external communications and quality of services for established and new customers.
Communication via e-mail and the Internet can help to improve external communication, in either B2c or B2b contexts,
ICT and its applications can make communication within the firm faster and make the management of the firm's resources more efficient.
Internet-based B2b interaction and real-time communication can reduce information asymmetries between buyers and suppliers and build closer relationships among trading partners (Moodley, 2002.
such as the Internet, EDI (electronic data interchange), Minitel and interactive telephone systems. 10 In the B2c context, the Internet and e-commerce can be effective tools for better communication.
Box 1. ICT use for better internal communications and customer management In SMES, there is often insufficient sharing of business information between managers
Some SMES have exploited ICT effectively to improve internal communications and have improved their reputation through swift responses to customers'complaints
especially when they used communication technologies, including company-wide and/or inter-company computer networks. Recent OECD analysis shows the impacts of ICTS
(and e-mail) for better external communications and as a means of obtaining business information. In Japan, the most common use of the Internet is general information searches (Figure 2). Other uses include communication via e-mail,
providing information about a company's products, services and technologies via the corporate Web site, order exchanges with regular customers, recruitment and receiving customer feedback.
wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage and communications, financial intermediation, real estate, renting and business activities.
) The most common ICT application used by these firms is automation of communications and none had conducted B2b or B2c e-commerce.
access and interoperability The availability of a wide range of Internet connections and other communication services, preferably at competitive prices, is very important in that it allows small businesses to choose different and appropriate services according to their specific needs and (initial
although the development of reliable fixed communication networks is an important policy area for e-commerce readiness,
have fallen significantly in recent years, following widespread liberalisation in the communications sector in Europe (Figure 12).
and hardly justify costly legal procedures or even other (self) efforts, such as insisting on contract fulfilment through available means of communication (e g. phone, fax,
EDI systems in advanced OECD countries have attempted to integrate different communication networks into a single Internet network.
The availability of a wide range of high quality Internet and communication services at competitive prices is particularly important
policy responses, DSTI/ICCP (2003) 13/FINAL, OECD, Paris. 46 OECD (2003b), OECD Communications Outlook, Paris. OECD (2004), Recommendation of the Council
in the Single Market Accompanying the document COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL,
12 2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial communications and regulated professions (Articles 6-8 ECD. 13 2. 2. 1. 4 Electronic contracting (Articles 9-11 ECD...
and allow them to have access to an extensive range of services and products not easily 1 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Single Market Act,
PDF. 2 Communication from the Commission, Europe 2020, A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, COM (2010) 2020 final, 03.03.2010;
PDF. 3 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Digital Agenda for Europe, COM (2010) 245 final/2, 26.08.2010;
As announced in the Communication"Towards a Single Market Act"7, the European commission wants to explore the various reasons for the limited take off of retail ecommerce outlined in the retail market monitoring report:
and as announced in the Communication"Towards a Single Market Act.""9 The analysis presented below covers information society services,
HTML. 7 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Towards a Single Market Act, For a highly competitive social market economy, 50 proposals for improving our work
and the Communication is partly based on the results of an open public consultation carried out between August and November 2010.
4) cross-border online commercial communications, in particular from regulated professions;(5) the development of online press services;(
This document constitutes one of the two annexes to the Communication"A coherent framework to boost confidence in the Digital Single Market of e-commerce
The second annex to the Communication identifies the latest trends in business-to-consumer e-commerce in the EU
"20 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the‘Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A Digital Agenda for Europe, COM
The Directive harmonises for instance certain information requirements, commercial communications, electronic contracting and the liability regime for online intermediaries.
contractual obligations concerning consumer contracts and the permissibility of unsolicited commercial communications by e-mail. The conditions under which Member States may derogate from the Internal Market clause must be regarded as exhaustive. 41 In the public consultation on e-commerce there were relatively few responses to the Annex as a whole.
requests the latter to provide access to another, non-electronic, means of communication"."46 The judgment implies that service providers cannot limit themselves to offering an e-mail address accessible for their customers through the website.
They must also provide for other forms of direct communication. 47 44 The information requirements do not prevent Member States from imposing additional information requirements
whether the VAT was included in the price presented. 2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial communications and regulated professions (Articles 6-8 ECD) Article 6 of the ECD emphasises the need for transparency when advertisements are displayed on the Internet.
It obliges the Member States to ensure that online commercial communications (including promotional offers, discounts, premiums,
Both the commercial communication and the natural or legal person responsible for it must be clearly identifiable,
or allow the sending of unsolicited commercial communications("spams")by e-mail. Those Member States permitting unsolicited commercial communication must ensure that such communication is clearly and unambiguously identifiable,
and that service providers respect the opt out registers to which natural persons not wishing to receive such commercial communications can sign up.
In practice it is not always easy to define notions such as"unsolicited"and"commercial"."For example, not every unsolicited e-mail may be classified as"spam".
language=en. 14 Unsolicited commercial communication is covered also by other consumer rules such as the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. 50 One of the practices which Annex
The ECD rule requirement for the commercial communications to be"clearly and unambiguously identifiable"remains applicable.
Article 8 of the ECD obliges the Member States to ensure that members of regulated professions may use commercial communications online,
This provision has forced Member States to abolish restrictions on online commercial communications for such professions.
The Services Directive complements the rules on online commercial communications set out in the ECD. According to Article 24 (1) of Directive 2006/12352, Member States shall remove all total prohibitions on commercial communications by the regulated professions.
The obligation to remove all"blanket"prohibitions also covers national legislation which only prohibits a particular form of commercial communiation.
In a judgment of 5 april 2011, the ECJ ruled that a ban on accountants'canvassing (direct marketing) must be regarded as a total prohibition of commercial communication,
language=en. 15 Article 8 of the ECD encourages regulated professions to develop codes of conduct at EU level related to the use of commercial communications.
or by equivalent individual communications. 57 The acknowledgement of receipt and the revision mechanism do not apply to contracts concluded exclusively by e-mail or by equivalent individual communications. 58 ECC-Net, Online Cross-border Mystery Shopping:
and regulates confidentiality of communications (See Chapter 4. 1. 2. 2). The UCP Directive68 (2005) is also relevant for the application of Articles 6 and 7 E-commerce Directive (see Chapter 4. 2. 3). In addition,
the prohibition of any commercial communications for regulated professions according to Article 24 Services Directive69 has supplemented the provision of Article 8 of the ECD (see Chapter 4. 2. 2)
when requested to do so by the 75 See the Communication from the Commission to the Council,
which in the US has been introduced in the Communications Decency Act118, would ensure that taking voluntary actions would in principle not be punished.
PDF 125 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Single Market for Intellectual Property Rightsboosting creativity and innovation to provide economic growth
available at http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/copyright/docs/ipr strategy/COM 2011 287 EN. pdf. The Communication announces a review of the Enforcement Directive that should in particular find ways to combat infringements of IPR via the internet more effectively"by"tackling the infringements
with the result that its introduction could lead to the blocking of lawful communications"(paragraph 52).
especially for retail websites. 145 See in particular the Commission Communication"A Digital Agenda for Europe",COM (2010) 245 of 19.5.2010, available at:
and the eprivacy Directive Recent studies suggest that unsolicited commercial communication or spam accounts for more than 90%of global e-mail traffic. 159 Spam is popular
item id=7022.160 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on unsolicited commercial communications or"spam",COM (2004) 28 final
Article 13 contains an"opt-in"approach to unsolicited commercial communications. Users must give their prior consent before communications for the purposes of direct marketing may be addressed to them.
This opt-in system applies to e-mail as well as text messages and other electronic messages received on any fixed or mobile terminal.
whose behalf the communication is made. It requires the disclosure of a valid address to exercise the right to request that such communications cease.
Also, Article 13 (6) allows any legal person adversely affected by spam, such as internet service providers, to protect their business
"Commission services have issued a guidance document on the implementation of Article 5 (3) on cookies. 162 161 See http://www. enisa. europa. eu 162 DG INFSO/B2 Communications
and"for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network,
Ref=CM/Rec (2010) 13&language=lanenglish&ver=original&backc olorinternet=C3c3c3&backcolorintranet=EDB021&BACKCOLORLOGGED=F5d383 171 See the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee
the Commission Communication on the benefits of telemedicine for patients, healthcare systems and society, 178 aims at enabling the wider deployment of telemedicine services through building confidence, bringing legal clarity,
This Communication will be complemented by a Staff 175 Directive 2011/62/EU of the European parliament and of the Council of 8 june 2011 amending Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use,
and unfair commercial practices should be tackled. 4. 2. 1 Price comparison websites As outlined in the Staff Working Document"Bringing e-commerce benefits to consumers"accompanying the Communication on e-commerce,
Virtually all online businesses reach clients through advertising or other forms of commercial communications. Many small and emerging companies depend on online advertising to facilitate their market entry and build competitive and successful businesses.
Regulated professions still face restrictions when developing online commercial communications. In this context, Article 24 (1) of the Services Directive requires Member States to remove total bans in so far as such bans concern a particular form of advertising such as advertising over the Internet. 184 It has also been reported that contractual prohibitions (e g. on data portability) complicate multi-platform advertising campaigns.
All audiovisual commercial communications (TV and on-demand) must be readily recognizable; not use subliminal techniques;
The question has been raised to what extent the commercial communications rules of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive also apply to new services such as the online social networks. 183 See recently for example the Ker-Optika judgment,
which should summarize existing digital user rights in the EU in a clear and accessible way way to inspire trust and confidence among users of e-communications and online services.
The Commission Communication on the open Internet and net neutrality in Europe193 reports several instances of blocking of legal services (in particular of Voice-over-Internet-Protocol services by mobile internet providers),
The Communication furthermore recalls that the Commission reserves its right to assess under Articles 101 and 102 TFEU any behaviour related to traffic management that may restrict
http://ec. europa. eu/information society/policy/ecomm/library/public consult/net neutrality/index en. htm 193 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee
On 24 may 2011 the Commission published a Communication with the aim of boosting the Single Market for Intellectual Property Rights. 197 The new Intellectual Property Strategy announces a number of EU initiatives:
and to see for themselves what they have in common. 197 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Single Market for Intellectual Property rights.
On 12 december 2011, the Commission adopted the strategy in a Communication to the European parliament and to the Council.
The Communication is accompanied by a proposal for modifying the PSI Directive (the main element of the legal framework for reuse),
the Commission will adopt (in 2012) a Communication on unfair B2b practices in the (retail) supply chain with the particular aim of pinpointing where there are problems.
as outlined in the recent Communication on Internet network neutrality. In the first half of 2012, it will report on its analysis of the implementation of the Framework Directive"telecom"(2002/21/EC) 233
including the Internet and mobile communications. As a first step a public consultation on e-identification
the Commission will propose legislation ensuring the mutual recognition of electronic identification and authentication across the EU and a revision of the Directive on Electronic signatures. 237 Communication from the Commission to the Council,
PDF 238 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Single Market Act, Twelve levers to boost growth
http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/payments/docs/sepa/sepa-capgemini study-final report en. pdf 89 In its Communication"Reaping the benefits of electronic invoicing for Europe,
especially its cross-border dimension. 247 4. 6. 1 Delivery services in an e-commerce environment With the exponential growth and use of electronic means of communication,
As a response to emerging needs, new alternative ways of delivery are being developed such as parcel consolidators who arrange the direct transport of items from the online retailer to the postal operator of the country of destination. 246 Communication from the Commission
http://ec. europa. eu/consumers/redress cons/docs/cons redress eu qual study report en. pdf 284 The Gallup Organization for DG Communication, Flash Eurobarometer 300, Retailers'attitudes towards cross
Handling the entire process online would allow savings in terms of time and ease of communication between the parties.
which would follow up on the full range of previous Commission work on collective redress at the EU level is scheduled in the Commission Work Programme for 2012 (Initiative 110 in the Annex to the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic
the Commission adopted a Communication drawing conclusions from this consultation on the future of VAT
Respondents to the e-commerce communication have stressed the importance of strengthening these networks in order to contribute to the Digital Single Market.
e-mediation) and to enhance the communication between judicial authorities. 308 306 Commission Staff Working Document, Accompanying document to the Green Paper on the future of VAT, Towards a simpler, more robust and efficient
PDF 307 Commission Communication on the future of VAT, Towards a simpler, more robust and efficient VAT system tailored to the single marke,"COM (2011) 851 final,
http://ec. europa. eu/taxation customs/resources/documents/taxation/vat/key documents/communications/co m 2011 851 en. pdf 308 See the Council's Multi-Annual European e
And for more concrete examples see the revised roadmap of the Council Working Party on e-Law (e-Justice), doc 1033/11 of 20 may 2011.309 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European
The present chapter complements the international aspects of the Digital Agenda as set out in the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Digital Agenda for Europe, COM
by negotiating cooperation provisions on issues such as the prohibition of prior authorisation, the conclusion of contract by electronic means, unsolicited commercial communications and other provisions of the E-commerce Directive;
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