or apprenticeships with SMES or initiatives actively supporting the conversion of ideas into enterprises The Entrepreneur First initiative for example-a not-for-profit programme launched by the UK Prime minister in March 2011-is a two-year programme
and Design Leads to Profit: businesses can expect £4 in net operating profit. Design integration is correlated highly with innovation outcomes,
particularly product and innovations, including new to-marketinnovations: The probability of introducing a product (marketing) innovation is 24%(31%)higher for firms where design is integration.
and waiting for the profits to come in. It requires investment in constant development upgrades, and new features.
Coursera is a for-profit social enterprise that facilitates large-scale participation of students who sign up for free online courses with top universities around the world.
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 69 Glossary Accelerators For-profit incubator that support start-ups with funding and other services in exchange for equity.
where profit is earned revenues from customers minus the costs incurred. However businesses have approached rarely societal issues from a value perspective
Adding a constraint to a firm that is already maximizing profits, says the theory, will inevitably raise costs
and reduce those profits. A related concept, with the same conclusion, is the notion of externalities.
Blurring the Profit/Nonprofit Boundary The concept of shared value blurs the line between for-profit and nonprofit organizations.
For example, Waterhealth International, a fast-growing for-profit, uses innovative water purification techniques to distribute clean water at minimal cost to more than one million people in rural India, Ghana,
Waste Concern, a hybrid profit/nonprofit enterprise started in Bangladesh 15 years ago, has built the capacity to convert 700 tons of trash, collected daily from neighborhood slums, into organic fertilizer,
The blurring of the boundary between successful for-profits and nonprofits is one of the strong signs that creating shared value is possible.
This leads to a bigger pie of revenue and profits that benefits both farmers and the companies that buy from them.
In the old, narrow view of capitalism, business contributes to society by making a profit,
In this kind of competition, the communities in which companies operate perceive little benefit even as profits rise.
Instead, they perceive that profits come at their expense, an impression that has become even stronger in the current economic recovery, in
while the profits for companies can be substantial. For example, low-priced cell phones that provide mobile banking services are helping the poor save money securely
increase their profits, hire more people, and pay better wages all of which will benefit other businesses in the community.
Creating Shared Value In practice Not all profit is equal an idea that has been lost in the narrow
Profits involving a social purpose represent a higher form of capitalism one that will enable society to advance more rapidly
which leads to profits that endure. Creating shared value presumes compliance with the law and ethical standards,
In the process, the distinction between for-profits and nonprofits is blurring. The Role of Social Entrepreneurs Businesses are not the only players in finding profitable solutions to social problems.
and create a level playing field to encourage companies to invest in shared value rather than maximize short-term profit.
Shared value focuses companies on the right kind of profits profits that create societal benefits rather than diminish them.
Capital markets will undoubtedly continue to pressure companies to generate short-term profits, and some companies will surely continue to reap profits at the expense of societal needs.
But such profits will often prove to be short-lived, and far greater opportunities will be missed. The moment for an expanded view of value creation has come.
A host of factors such as the growing social awareness of employees and citizens and the increased scarcity of natural resources, will drive unprecedented opportunities to create shared value.
Monopoly rent or profits are based primarily on maintenance or acquisition of dominant position in established markets.
the profit it will generate in the marketplace. From this point of view, the projects that the innovating entrepreneur undertakes
In the Innovation Society's narrative, innovation projects scale with the profits they generate, which can be used to produce
M. J.,Mcfarlan, F. W. 2011), Measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of a non profit's performance, Strategic Finance, 93/4, pp. 27-34.
The use of the term'platform'could be interpreted reasonably as a detachment from the walled gardens or closed systems of profit-driven ICT development in favour of more open, participatory-oriented practices.
Futureeverything Futureeverything (FUTURE) is a not-for-profit digital innovation lab, festival and conference. It is a member of ENOLL (European Network of Living Labs). FUTURE engages a worldwide community in devising
in order to expand into other data-driven services in order to increase their value, profit and marketability. For example, the company is now pushing into smart watches, smart cars, smart thermostats, smart clothes and smart cities.
It is a non-profit educational and vocational organisation set up in 2001, which mobilises a community of more than 8 million Americans who use innovative technology to lead,
Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis on the Meiraha project
which the country where profits are generated is also the country of taxation. This would include automatic exchange of information on tax rulings and the stabilising of corporate tax bases.
Social enterprises are driven not solely by the need to maximise profit for shareholders and owners.
whose primary objective is to achieve social impact rather than generating profit for owners and shareholders;
where profits are reinvested mainly with a view to achieving this social objective and where the method of organisation or ownership system reflects their mission.
A response based on another way to produce value, with less focus on financial profit and more on real demands or needs is indeed an attractive premise for reconsidering production and redistribution systems.
the idea of developing‘new emerging business models in which social, ethical or environmental objectives are pursued alongside financial profit,
yy profits were invested mainly in achieving this social objective; and yy the organisation and ownership used participatory principles aiming at social justice.
and manage social performance was the best guarantee against the risks to see exploitation of poor people for the sake of profit and system drifts.
ethical or environmental objectives are pursued alongside financial profit'.‘'‘Social entrepreneurship is deemed to represent a real source of jobs and greater social inclusion'.
Those where profits are mainly invested with a view to achieving this social objective, and where the method of organisation or ownership system reflects their mission,
one of their innovative features is that they can distribute profits to investors but only if the payment does not in any way undermine the primary objectives of the social businesses where the funds had been invested.
or teams with not-for-profit and for-profit business models from (or residing in) the EU Member States,
market share and profit. In the social field the very measures of success may be contested as well as the tools for achieving results.
Dialogue Café is a not-for-profit organisation which brings people together from all around the world in conversation through the use of Telepresence screens.
The Big Green Challenge, aimed at the not-for-profit 3 PROTOTYPING AND PILOTS 55 sector is the first challenge prize of its kind.
which partially insulates the enterprise from the private market's imperative for profit maximisation and capital growth.
and supporting spin outs from the public sector. It can be used for various kinds of social enterprises as well as for-profits.
quasi-equity which can be based royalty, or profit based; convertible loans converted to equity linked to trigger points (for example, first equity funding round or turnover targets;
methods focused on profits, residuals, and replacement costs; methods using multiple regressions and stepwise regressions; methods using artificial neural networks
Mcleod Grant, H. and Crutchfield, L. R. 2007) Creating High Impact Non Profits.‘‘Stanford Social Innovation Review.'
such as the Taproot Foundation's Service Grant programme which provides not-for-profit organisations with pro bono marketing,
which earn a profit but are focussed on their social goals. 1 The main challenge for social enterprises is to maintain their commercial position in the market
'There is also a limit on dividends of 35 per cent of profits. The term also covers a wide range of organisations from cooperatives to public service providers,
which give part of a company's profits to a separate foundation, or the US model where an entrepreneur becomes rich through one business
in addition to its users in east Africa. 451) Corporate not-for-profit management of social provision such as Academy Schools in the UK and Charter schools in the US. 452) Partnerships between social enterprises and corporations
with not-for-distributed profits such as BASF-GAIN initiative for Vitamin a in Africa, the Danone-Grameen yoghurt enterprise in Bangladesh and the BASF Grameen venture, also in Bangladesh,
and not-for-profit organisations including Banca Prossima in Italy which is part of the larger banking group Intesa San Paolo. 474) Business angels provide finance for social ventures, often with advisory roles,
Business innovation is motivated generally by profit maximization and diffused through organizations that are motivated primarily by profit maximization.
There are of course very many borderline cases, for example models of distance learning that were pioneered in social organizations but then adopted by businesses,
or for-profit businesses innovating new approaches to helping disabled people into work. But these definitions provide a reasonable starting point.
A Roadmap to Creativity and Innovation for Not-For-Profit Organizations (London, U k.:NFP Synergy, 2004). 22.
and does not only aim to generate profit; it is a concept that is about maintaining communities and enabling processes in a continuous way.
and operations Internal R&d is the only way to create profit Discover, design, develop, and market in-house inventions External R&d can also create profit
or does not only aim at profit making; it is a concept that is about maintaining communities
and not-for-profit communities supporting open source activists are considered enablers within the open source community. For example, Canonical40 was created alongside Ubuntu to help it reach a wider market.
were not yet generating profits. Competitions and hackatons have aimed at making datasets visible as well as at promoting apps development
/skills/signalling (developers) Scalability Less cost Increase of profit Contracts/employability Developers Seed funding Events Support to entrepreneurs Incubators
such as personal fulfilment/satisfaction and reputation Making profit Increase in visibility and reputation Direct payment Open democracy Legislation Transparency initiatives Participation projects Increase in democracy
However, individuals and for-profit businesses can charge for specialised training or for developing new extensions of the core code.
Avenali et al (2010), in their study on open software and hardware innovation platforms, point to economic incentives (that may result in a increase of profit),
Their findings show that many motivational factors apply consistently whether for-profit or forfun. However, some factors differ significantly;
which are of far more importance in for-profit communities. Knowing what motivates the crowd and what tools they use give rise to the identification of incentives and,
The key actors in the development of an open source product are the individual contributors companies (for profit and nonprofit) and researchers.
the apparent willingness of profit-seeking producers of complementary goods and services to source software (Dalle 2005). 22 also express a process.
profit tax, labor taxes and mandatory contributions, and VAT or sales tax. If an economy has no laws
Available legal remedies (damages, disgorgement of profits, fines, imprisonment, rescission of the transaction) Ease of shareholder suits index (0 10) Access to internal corporate documents;
0-1) Yes 1 Must the interested director repay profits made from the transaction upon a successful claim by a shareholder plaintiff?(
if required Total tax rate(%of profit before all taxes) Profit or corporate income tax Social contributions and labor taxes paid by the employer Property and property transfer taxes Dividend,
and pay total taxes amounting to 58.2%of profit (see the summary at the end of this chapter for details).
(%of profit) Notes on total tax rate Employer paid-Social security contributions 1 online filing 90 30.9%gross salaries 35.68 Corporate income tax 1 online
filing 33 30%taxable profit 21.9 Tax on interest 0 paid jointly 21%interest income 0. 54 not included Property tax 1 0. 581
(%of profit) Notes on total tax rate Transport tax 1 EUR 592 type of truck 0. 04 Fuel tax 1 included in fuel price 0 small
profit tax, labor taxes and mandatory contributions, and value added tax (VAT) or sales tax. In addition, the cost to export
The partnership between the not-for-profit Praxis and the Estonian Government on opening up and visualising government budget data, created more transparency around public spending. 30 SMESFROM small start-ups to larger companies,
Examples of for-profit DSI business include US-based Patients Like Me which delivers a peer support service driven by a community of users
and delivered by not-for-profits, such as Avaaz's e-petitioning and campaigning network and Ushahidi's pioneering work on crowd-mapping.
one of the most widely used open-source data portal platforms is an example of a not-for-profit providing a service that enables more DSI to happen by making it easier for large institutions to open up their data.
Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not for profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,
as the new digital innovations of capitalism in particular, digital innovation as exemplified by Silicon valley threaten their current ability to make profits from their previous innovations.
It is within new noninstitutional actors motivated by ideals outside short-term profit and with an idea of greater social good that digital innovation usually arises.
in order to pursue their own unique ideals that do not fit within a wider social milieu driven exclusively by only short-term economic profit,
they sell it themselves for a small profit while allowing anyone else to do the same.
Not for profit Aim: Participation and Democracy Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities:
not-for-profit global e-petitioning and campaigning network that works to ensure that the‘views
Academia and research organisations, non profit and social enterprise organisations Aim: Participation and democracy, smart public services Technology Trends:
or profit from it. Finally, the 23 partners within the consortium work together for an extensive amount of time
Cities, non profit agencies and academic institutions Aim: Participation and democracy; Culture and arts; Other Technology Trends:
Our goal is social change rather than profit. Fairphone founder and CEO, Bas van Abel.
Type of organisation The Public Software Group who developed the Liquid Feedback software is a not-for-profit organisation based in Berlin, Germany.
a for profit business, which publishes MAKE magazine. History and mission The first Maker Faire was held on April 22 23,2006, at the San mateo County Event Center.
Not for profit, foundations and social enterprise Aim: Participation and democracy Neighbourhood regeneration Technology Trends:
it is possible to make profits doing commercial work that can be re-invest 141 ed in charitable,
this wholly owned trading arm now accounts for about half of mysociety's profits, while the other half comes from donations from donors, large and small.
Type of organisation Opencorporates is a for-profit company, based in the UK. History and mission Opencorporates was created by Chris Taggart and Rob Mckinnon, under the auspices of their company, Chrinon Ltd,
Type of organisation Open Garden is based a San francisco for-profit start-up. History and mission The Open Garden Mesh app was launched in Beta on May 21st 2012 during Techcrunch Disrupt in New york city.
Not for profit Aim: Collaborative consumptions Technology Trends: Open knowledge Key Facts: 120+articles from 70+contributors, published in French,
as an independent, not-for-profit organisation, Ouishare has evolved from a handful of Parisian enthusiasts to a global community spread across Europe,
Type of organisation Ouishare is a not for profit organisation, which organizes the global Ouishare network.
Type of organisation Patients Like Me describes describes itself as for-profit organisation with a not just for profit attitude.
For-profit business Aim: Neighbourhood regeneration, Sharing economy Technology Trends: Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
https://peerby. com Organisation Name Peerby Short description Peerby is a Dutch for-profit start-up that operates a peer-to-peer sharing service for products.
Type of organisation The Rasperrypi is developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a not for profit charity.
Two companies that make external cases for the device already accrue more revenue and profit than Raspberry Pi.
The partnership between the not-for-profit Praxis and the Estonian Government on opening up and visualising government budget data, created more transparency around public spending. 30 SMESFROM small start-ups to larger companies,
Examples of for-profit DSI business include US-based Patients Like Me which delivers a peer support service driven by a community of users
and delivered by not-for-profits, such as Avaaz's e-petitioning and campaigning network and Ushahidi's pioneering work on crowd-mapping.
one of the most widely used open-source data portal platforms is an example of a not-for-profit providing a service that enables more DSI to happen by making it easier for large institutions to open up their data.
Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not for profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,
as the new digital innovations of capitalism in particular, digital innovation as exemplified by Silicon valley threaten their current ability to make profits from their previous innovations.
It is within new noninstitutional actors motivated by ideals outside short-term profit and with an idea of greater social good that digital innovation usually arises.
in order to pursue their own unique ideals that do not fit within a wider social milieu driven exclusively by only short-term economic profit,
they sell it themselves for a small profit while allowing anyone else to do the same.
Not for profit Aim: Participation and Democracy Technology Trends: Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities:
not-for-profit global e-petitioning and campaigning network that works to ensure that the‘views
Academia and research organisations, non profit and social enterprise organisations Aim: Participation and democracy, smart public services Technology Trends:
or profit from it. Finally, the 23 partners within the consortium work together for an extensive amount of time
Cities, non profit agencies and academic institutions Aim: Participation and democracy; Culture and arts; Other Technology Trends:
Our goal is social change rather than profit. Fairphone founder and CEO, Bas van Abel.
Type of organisation The Public Software Group who developed the Liquid Feedback software is a not-for-profit organisation based in Berlin, Germany.
a for profit business, which publishes MAKE magazine. History and mission The first Maker Faire was held on April 22 23,2006, at the San mateo County Event Center.
Not for profit, foundations and social enterprise Aim: Participation and democracy Neighbourhood regeneration Technology Trends:
it is possible to make profits doing commercial work that can be re-invest 141 ed in charitable,
this wholly owned trading arm now accounts for about half of mysociety's profits, while the other half comes from donations from donors, large and small.
Type of organisation Opencorporates is a for-profit company, based in the UK. History and mission Opencorporates was created by Chris Taggart and Rob Mckinnon, under the auspices of their company, Chrinon Ltd,
Type of organisation Open Garden is based a San francisco for-profit start-up. History and mission The Open Garden Mesh app was launched in Beta on May 21st 2012 during Techcrunch Disrupt in New york city.
Not for profit Aim: Collaborative consumptions Technology Trends: Open knowledge Key Facts: 120+articles from 70+contributors, published in French,
as an independent, not-for-profit organisation, Ouishare has evolved from a handful of Parisian enthusiasts to a global community spread across Europe,
Type of organisation Ouishare is a not for profit organisation, which organizes the global Ouishare network.
Type of organisation Patients Like Me describes describes itself as for-profit organisation with a not just for profit attitude.
For-profit business Aim: Neighbourhood regeneration, Sharing economy Technology Trends: Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities:
https://peerby. com Organisation Name Peerby Short description Peerby is a Dutch for-profit start-up that operates a peer-to-peer sharing service for products.
Type of organisation The Rasperrypi is developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a not for profit charity.
Two companies that make external cases for the device already accrue more revenue and profit than Raspberry Pi.
and generating higher profits. Business case for eco-innovation Cost avoidance Regulatory requirements anticipation of new standards Cost saving Material and energy cost savings due to efficiency gains Resilient business models Creating business models focussed on delivering services
and performance to customers New markets and customers Higher revenues and profit Cost saving Eco-innovations resulting in improved resource productivity save money by reducing costs of material
and profits from sales of resource-efficient products and services Comply with and anticipate new regulations (
and derive their profits from its use rather than its sale. Therefore, they have an incentive to make the product as durable and efficient as possible,
RAND is not-for-profit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.
RAND Europe is an independent not-for-profit policy research organisation that aims to improve policymaking and decisionmaking in the public interest,
Assumptions about rising profits from progress in the fields of cloud computing and new business models associated with data analytics sustain the presumption of increased use of these technologies by the private
Loans Loss zone Profit zone Start up: Supporting the Establishment and Initial Expansion of Innovation-driven Ventures In the second, start up phase of the entrepreneurship life cycle ecosystem factors play a crucial role.
and profits that indicate future success at larger scales. Even though major cities are booming, venture capital supply has decreased by 56
start-ups profit from both events and mentoring. Source: Salido, Sabás and Freixas (2013), The Accelerator and Incubator Ecosystem in Europe, Telefonica.
collaborative strategies enable win-win situations for both partners while offering potential for the start-up partner to profit from the resources and backbone of the large corporation partner.
and profit from corporate search fields for innovation Entrepreneur perspective Large corporate perspective I Develop culture
Know of and profit from corporate search fields for innovation Entrepreneurs in start-ups/innovative SMES need to be proactive to monitor how far their activities are relevant for large partners,
The corporate tax reform introduced a simplified reporting system for SMES, a reduced tax rate for companies with reduced profits,
decentralized and allowed to grow where problems, solutions and potential profits pop. To realize those Fast Emerging Profits,
the Cambrian Corporation would need to govern itself in such a way that agility, sensing and capacity for pivots at speed are the overriding organizational design goals.
Incorporated as a not-for-profit foundation in 1971 and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Forum is independent,
as well as government bodies, have difficulty assessing the risk-profit trade offs of innovative ventures. Uncertainties about the technical feasibility, the time period of development, the total financing needed,
in terms of both innovation and profit, compared to similar firms that are not part of a cluster (Caniels & Romijn, 2005;
In turn, entrepreneurial opportunities differ from the larger set of all opportunities for profit, particularly opportunities to enhance the efficiency of existing goods, services, raw materials,
or level of skills to generate profits. In summary, entrepreneurial opportunities emerge when certain individuals have insights into the value of resources that others do not (Barney et al.,
including leadership, knowledge utilization, innovation, profit maximization, entrepreneurship, and so on. Borgatti and Foster (2003 p. 1005) 5 An important source of new ideas and lucrative opportunities may be the networks,
but they found a complete lack of any significant relationship between the size of network and sales or profit growth.
Nonetheless, when the absolute values of sales and profits were measured, they found some support for this relationship.
EN not-for-profit national industry association that works to articulate a national strategy for the cluster.
The CMC, also a not-for-profit organisation, is dedicated to facilitating strategic alliances between the semiconductor industry
If the firm makes no taxable profit (which is the case for many biotechnology firms),
Success factors, market and system failures The field of photonics profits from a large and diversified industrial base with a large number of successful enterprises committed to R&d and innovation in photonics.
Turning the Potential into Profits. Chemical Market Reporter. Mckinsey & Company, 2004. Romer, P m. 1986), Increasing returns and long-run growth, Journal of Political economy 94,1002 1037.
not--for--profit, research--led, or a combination of these,--in close physical proximity that are competing
The majority of these central labs were dismantled especially during the 1990s as big companies were pressured by shareholders to focus on short-term profits.
Also other agents such as government agencies or non profit institutions can‘innovate 'but in this paper we limit the discussion to innovation and entrepreneurship, operating in a market environment.
The Northern states with large amount of social expenses in the brut profit have increased also suburb economies.
In spite of reducing the income tax and those on the profit to 16%,Romania with assistance expenses of 38
as long as due to the fiscal reform it has a reduction for taxes, incomes and contributions by 2, 2%of the brut profit,
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