The potential sustainable growth of a business lies with services created on the back products.
of extended products and value-added services. The advance of technology has created new requirements also for business;
which products and services are provided and distributed. All these levels need different kinds of ICT and these levels have four Internal Auditing & Risk management Anul V
as Finnish companies are focusing on providing value-added services for their products. The concept of the extended product is not enough;
and 15 officials from DG Research and other Commission services. The key objective was to validate the provisional results of the Expert Group's work.
The translation of research findings or knowledge into new or improved products and services is seen increasingly as an integral part of the research process.
Science, Mathematics and Computing Engineering, Manufacturing and Construction Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Health and Welfare Services In addition
enhancement of ecosystem services; improved plant and animal varieties; and adaptation to climate change. Cultural Benefits, e g. supporting greater understanding of where we have come from,
where she was director of research services in 2003-2005, managing research projects, knowledge transfer activities and developing university research policy.
He was made a CBE in 1995 for services to social science and a knighthood in 2000 for services to higher education.
Australian Technology Park Innovations (ATPI), INTERSECT (NCRIS-funded NSW node for eresearch services and computing infrastructure), Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS) and ARC Centre
74 Editorial and refereeing services for prestigious national and international journals/publishers; Election to learned societies;
Requests for expert services; Invitations to sit on boards and/or management groups of commercial, government and/or not-for-profit organisations;
as well as issues such as the availability and quality of support services, research infrastructure, databanks, the teaching load of research-active staff,
and the general information on the institution, their departments, research groups or supporting services and people working or attending courses.'‘
10.1179/175330310x12736577732764 Rachelle Kaye is the Director of the Maccabi Institute for Health Services Research and the Deputy Director of the Division of Planning and Finance in Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel.
Ehud Kokia is the Director General of Maccabi Healthcare Services and Professor at the School of Public health Sackler Medical Faculty, Tel aviv University.
Varda Shalev is a practicing family physician and the Director of the Medical Informatics Department, Maccabi Healthcare Services.
Dalia Idar heads the Clinical Computerisation Department in the Division of Health Information technology at Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel.
A review of the health IT literature supplemented by an analysis of the experience of successful IT implementation in Maccabi Healthcare Services,
Rachelle Kaye Maccabi Institute for Health Services Research Israel E-mail: Kaye r@mac. org. il Keywords:
In the discussion section, we consider the lessons added by the Maccabi experience to the growing literature on the use of these technologies in healthcare services.
Maccabi Healthcare Services was the first of Israel's four national health plans to develop
Maccabi Healthcare Services is the second largest health fund in Israel providing comprehensive medical coverage to more than 1. 8 million people.
Maccabi Healthcare Services is organised into five districts, encompassing 140 branches, which provide both administrative and healthcare services throughout the country.
Most of the services are provided by independent contracted providers, at the core of which are 4,
000 independent physicians including primary care physicians and specialists. The care they provide is supplemented by 300 senior consultants,
These contracted services are complemented by over 600 salaried physicians and Maccabi owned services including a centralised laboratory system,
a tele-radiology system, telemedicine services (both diagnostic and home monitoring) in cardiology, specialty clinics, a chain of 50 pharmacies and a private hospital network.
In 1983, the leadership of Maccabi Healthcare Services concluded that the healthcare system of the future would require sophisticated information and communication technology for efficient management of the healthcare system,
as well as effective and innovative healthcare services delivery. Maccabi embarked upon the development of its health management information system in 1984.
In 1986, the Maccabi Independent Physicians Barriers and success factors in health information technology W s. Maney & Son Ltd. 2010.
which all healthcare providers use electronic health records and all providers and health services are interconnected electronically online
JUNE 2010 171 the insertion of the membership card generated an online connection to the Maccabi database for verification of the patient's eligibility to receive services,
Discussion The analysis of the Maccabi Healthcare Services experience in developing and implementing an EHR-based health information system identified ten critical success factors.
the added value of being connected electronically to other providers such as the laboratory, imaging services, consultants and others, is one of the more visible benefits that clinicians seek from such a system.
services or processes, see e g. Herstatt et al. 2007b). ) Opportunities presented by the globalization and the entwined, simultaneous pressure to innovate,
For the purpose of this paper, we may regard innovation as invention and commercialization of new (or betterment of existing) products, processes and/or services (Tiwari, 2007.
For the increased competition is ultimately beneficial for the consumer in the form of cheaper and/or better goods and services.
New markets however (may) also require products and services which are adapted to the local needs and tastes of those markets.
and cost-effective production distribution and after-sales services; see e g. Dangayach et al. 2005) and Spielkamp & Rammer (2006.
and services faster Develop products and services cheaper Develop better products and services Improve competitive position Enhance profitability,
strengthen stability BARRIERS TO INNOVATION IN SMES: CAN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF R&d MITIGATE THEIR EFFECTS?
R. Tiwari and S. Buse (October 2007) Page 8 of 31 more informal manner and confronted with fewer intra-firm hierarchy levels than large firms,
and Services sector. To reduce the time needed to fill out the questionnaire, respondents could choose to answer only questions from modules which,
R. Tiwari and S. Buse (October 2007) Page 10 of 31 Services; 11%Electronics; 16%IT;
Photonics and Optics 63 Microsystems and Materials 49 Services 170 10 Total: 429 (2011) 445 (2012) Turnover in 2011/2012 € 592 M€/637 M€ Subsidies in 2011/2012 € 33 M€/31 M€
office and conference services; financial consulting for grants and loans; agency for advancement and financing Platform for contacts and co-operations Floor space in total:
Technology Centres Subsidiary Advisory board Subsidiary Adlershof key actors and synergies TKA Education Basic Research Park Management and Development Research and development Products, Services Companies
3-ple helix structure Products and Services Small and mediumsized enterprises Education and Basic Research Natural science Institutes Research and development Non-university scientific institutes Park
Increasing private investment Services 45 WISTA-MANAGEMENT GMBH Services for Companies Comprehensive building infrastructure Favorable rent and additional expenses Incubation and promotion of start-ups
Joint project development Participation in specialized networks Communication services Service Packages International contacts and support Local job exchange Conference
and event services Participation/organization of exhibitions and fairs 46 Services for Foreign Companies Quick start via Network services International incubation service Soft landing packages Excellent
TEN-T Priority Projects European Rail Traffic Management Systems (ERTMS) River Information Services (RIS) Air Traffic Management (ATM) Motorways of the Sea
Marco polo program's Motorway of the Sea grant is targeted for private-sector transport services which are willing to create door-to-door transport service using other transport modes than road traffic.
and deliver public sector assets and services. The term PPP is used, thus to describe a wide variety of working arrangements from loose, informal and strategic partnerships,
developing and promoting transport services and the functioning of the markets for them; improving the performance of transport infrastructure management;
and private companies provide cargo services. Lithuania The Klaipeda State Seaport Authority manages the port of Klaipeda.
private sector provides services and rents port infrastructure from the port authority which manages the infrastructure.
while ports are producing a wide variety of different services. Building and service provisions are separated often in the harbor sector
The Norwegian PPP model emphasizes high road availability and traffic safety standard, high environmental and aesthetical standards and good road user services.
public agencies or local governments could launch specific initiatives ranging from training opportunities, small loans and direct services to Vol. 4 Issue 2 2012 46 physical infrastructure,
fostering advisory services and establishing agency infrastructures (eg. the Business & Innovation Centre) and cooperation structures.
such as the Knowledge Vouchers programme that offers incentives to enterprises to purchase services from knowledge institutes to improve innovation processes, the Business to Science Portal initiative through
and services delivered and hence their productivity. Recent literature suggest that European SMES have increased their share of absolute R&d expenditures
The former defined as all creative work undertaken within the enterprise that increases knowledge for developing new and improved goods or services and processes
Digital infrastructure a horizontal area Digital competencies (e-literacy+e-inclusion) Digital economy (innovative developments, e-governance, digitalisation of contents, e-services, RDI
policy makers, knowledge producers, goods and services producers, and actors directly linked to SIPS. This fourth vertex is a collection of diverse and heterogeneous actors but defined by a common role within the system.
The role of the goods and services producers is to render operative the solutions generated in the research process Particularly in the case of technological solutions,
and services able to be put to work. We now turn to those actors directly linked to SIPS.
Actors in the productive structure of goods and services, in the private and in the public sphere, are those who should take charge in this stage of production.
equity in access to high-quality health services; the effects of the Plan Ceibal, or the one laptop per child program implement in Uruguay since 2007;
de-stigmatise HIV-positive people Social Enterprise Clinics Improve access to medical services in poor countries to provide universal provision of basic medical services,
but high in new sectors like ICT, business services, media, and new and high tech manufacturing where such competition is a common occurrence.
and more automated and/or do-it-yourself products and services on the part of some consumers who become so-called prosumers.
Services such as Skype have made global videoconferencing free and made it easier for people to form work partnerships across countries.
Indeed especially Eslife and Skillendar are copied from other similar services elsewhere, such as Taskrabbit, so are part of a global scale-free dissemination network.
which operates these services 29 using mainly ICT tools, and there can be a reaction against attempts to mix the market into social needs initiatives.
It also makes it easier for individuals receiving personal budget allocations to hire care services more flexibility,
such as new types of local family, household and socalled‘nearest neighbour'services (as in Eslife and Skillendar).
They tend to indicate that the private sector is interested itself most in focusing mainly on services that can be carried out only by ICT
indeed especially 34 Eslife and Skillendar are copied from other similar services elsewhere, e g. Taskrabbit, so are part of a global scale-free dissemination network with tendencies towards being part of a viral random network. 35 Table 3. 2:
For example, in Eastern europe most services are provided by the state at local and regional levels, but many citizens want to participate in this,
and supported by ICT in terms of information, communication and services. The transport and mobility technologies enabling physical movement are also themselves increasingly dependent on ICT.
Many technology trends (such as ambient intelligent space, artificial intelligence and intelligent agents, cloud based services, the semantic web and the internet of things, mobile and mobile apps, social media,
Economist, 2012) There is an increasing number of digital services which are place-specific rather than general.
and services, is only half the story however. From this perspective on its own, there is the danger of a one-size fits all, top-down view of place development.
Given that many residents use mobile phones rather than fixed telephone lines, a 100mbps licensed wireless broadband backbone network was installed (at affordable prices for an area with the highest child poverty in the UK) for digitally enabled services
and social networking, including information and interactive services from the City council, national government departments, the police and local community networks.
and services using a modular building block concept. It currently provides 123 product and service types
but these are used very specifically to match the supply and demand for the exchange of local goods, services and tasks based on a local currency (Local Alternative Unit TEM).
The technology provides 48 the basic services at individual level, but is designed so to encourage
matches the supply and demand of local goods, services and tasks ensuring that as many as possible
transformed community capability and participation through innovative content and e-services embedded in physical activities.
local currency exchange of goods, services and tasks has spread to 10 other localities. IOBY:
nonprofit and commercial actors work together to deliver appropriate services and support community development. The beneficiaries themselves are empowered also
and financial crisis which constrain the provision of appropriate services to older people and others in need of care.
Digital and other services should be based on the social, cultural and economic needs of the neighbourhoods targeted,
and involving users in the design and delivery of new services. Also important is that the actors in the project
as well as on convenience, better services and increased participation for citizens. An important policy issue for local authorities is that this type of service becomes an essential tool in the process of decision making,
with Viedome acting as an open platform enabling accurate personalisation and targeting of services to precisely meet the specific needs of individuals and communities.
this includes instant, ubiquitous and high quality communication and access to both daily living and medical services beyond the local community,
thus, in effect, enabling vulnerable people to remain in their local community longer without having to be physically close to such services.
and exchange goods, services and tasks, thus making the local currency viable and sustainable. Strategic and operational considerations The Viedome case shows that in this successful commercially-driven case
The transition from services at a distance to user-generated functionalities and content in intelligent homes actually means the transition from supply-oriented services to demand-driven services.
But it also means the transition from a one-dimensional customer supplier relationship to a multidimensional user network.
This kind of approach is embedded also within a community concept where multiple organisations are active in supplying both services and technology.
These concepts work only if the user fully integrates the community technology and services into his/her life pattern,
services and tasks which they would otherwise not have, as well as to keep such assets within the community to prevent leakage
personalise and target services, shorten value chains and improve capabilities through building knowledge communities and for sharing experiences.
& base digital & other services on the social, cultural & economic needs of localities, through local research, engagement & evaluation,
as well as very good governance with long-term commitment & management to get efficiency, good services & development Local community development,
and new ways for people to interact around economic and social goods/services are being created.
and commoditise the goods and services being created there, whilst, at the same time, unwittingly or not, are in danger of destroying the social, community and authenticity ethos still inherent in the sharing economy.
and governments that enhance public sector services by sharing tasks and responsibilities with users and volunteers.
public sector services to full or partial business models for thousands of companies with more than €85 billion in combined business volume in the USA alone. 54 It spans from local to global,
First, on human empowerment by giving people access to goods and services in ways and on a scale not possible before,
to start experimenting with sharing money, time, services, physical things and expertise. ICT can match‘needs
and this is also impacting many commercial, public and voluntary services (Botsman and Rogers 2010). For example, Macmillan Cancer Trust has for many years run a volunteer service offering their time and skills,
and services-Started in 2010 by nonprofit company (social enterprise), incubated in Open Data Institute, some foundation funding, other civil partners and civil operated-from 3 to 75 jurisdictions by 2014,60 million companies in database, small fees given
all started as small locallyfocused services and have grown since both and situ as well as spread to other locations as well as internationally.
The main component of the platform is a tab that shows the services that are provided
and the services that are requested, through which members come in contact with one another and exchange services.
Social media and social communication tools (like Skype) are used also. The ICT operates together with traditional and physical activities
when members can get updates on all the services being provided. The digital platform functions as a hub by connecting all actors and enabling coordination and management of the service,
These services include arts and crafts, minor construction and mechanical services, business administration, computers, education, entertainment, event organisation, food, gardening, health and healing, household services
offer services or spare time, or review what's on offer in the neighborhood. The system is precise,
as well as independently by third parties, in physical hackathon-type events where data are created and shared, sometimes leading to new products and services.
online open data and open data communities create new content and knowledge for developing new products and services in for example hackathons and other physical events with economic value
which stipulates that no one can receive more than 30 hours of services without paying back with his/her own services, not necessarily to the same person.
legal and regulatory framework is not conducive to such bottom-up alternatives to provide both monetised and non-monetised services,
This means that even though all people without serious impairments have generic skills to undertake basic services, such as cooking or cleaning,
which will also curtail their ability to receive services from others. In the Athens Time Bank case, the barriers faced by the community as a whole are the difficulty of involving sufficient people in the decision making process,
and this led in Greece and elsewhere to experiments with exchanging free services as well as preparing homemade food for swapping,
for exchanging free services, using time as the unit of transaction in order to withstand to the continuous degradation of social 75 coherence.
and exchanging services, without which there would be no service or network. New monetary and non-monetary social and business models are created
legal and regulatory framework is often not conducive to such bottom-up alternatives to providing services,
However, the basic ICT platform is the prime enabler of the sharing services, without which there would be no service or network.
or professionals sell their services. It is for the common good. and...active Streetbank neighbourhoods are friendlier places
legal and regulatory framework is not conducive to such bottom-up alternatives to providing services, whether monetised or not,
whether as monetised or non-monetised services provided by organisations which are small, bottom-up, informal and attempting to be democratic,
and efficiencies through real-time and quick-time matching directly between the demand and supply of goods and services,
Data from Opencorporates is used also in physical events such as hackathons to create new shared assets in the form of new products and services or other content.
maintain and repair goods and services for themselves and with others, and this increasingly means in a created shared physical space.
sharing and exchanging of goods and/or services, without which there would be no service or network.
legal and regulatory framework is often not conducive to such bottom-up alternatives to providing services,
maintain and repair goods and services for themselves and with others, and this increasingly means in a created shared physical space. 3. Policy issues related to ICT in social innovation Given the nature of these sharing economy cases,
This leads to new models for providing goods and services, intimately linked to 82 people's needs and the capacity of the ICT network,
Health and social care services face another challenge too: while there have been considerable improvements in quality in recent years,
Too often services are delivered in a de-personalised fashion and in a way that neglects the importance of good-quality relationships among citizens and between citizens and professionals.
Health and social care services are lagging behind other areas in the use of modern technologies.
and social care services. ehealth can have its maximum effect only if it is interoperable at every level-local, regional, Member State level and across the borders.
and social care services to collaborate on multiple levels-from private doctors to public hospitals and from home carers to emergency centers for the elderly.
the combination of ICT solutions and social innovation opens up a whole new world of services
Examples of such apps and services focusing on applications which support citizens outside traditional healthcare facilities in their personal environment are for instance Beating the Blues75, Living Life to the Full76, BUDDY77.
For health and social care providers, services will be focused around more personalised and preventative health management, rather than treatment,
Management support tools and services for consumers focusing on applications which enable citizens to interact with health service providers electronically e g.
They often need both types of services, such as support with daily living activities and chronic disease management.
/or presentaiton about ICT-enabled services for carers and care: pathways and actors in the development of services for Long term Care http://www. slideshare. net/jamesks/carers-and-innovationpresentation-edinburgh-2012 85 https://www. facebook. com/nayajeevan
/info 86 http://www. centreforbetterhealth. org. uk/87 http://www. derbyshirehealthunited. com/88 https://www. facebook. com/Pendahealth 89 https
government organisations and others who use them to continuously develop more effective products, pharmaceuticals, services and care.
the biggest provider of mental health services in the UK. -The Buddy program was only one of their many social initiatives,
Social Enterprise Clinics Improve access to medical services in poor countries to provide universal provision of basic medical services,
-Mobile phones (or the widespread telecommunications services) are the main driver for social enterprise clinics. This tool gives to the people access to new form of medical services
which wouldn't be possible without existence of telecommunication. -Review of various initiatives: -Penda Health Pilot phase.
and services to the Danish health sector also a vendor with vision of modernising health services through the introduction of tele-medicine solutions to different patient groups. dothiv should be referred better to as dothiv g. e
what technologies are used to provide health services or health care to the poorest: Penda Health, Kenya:
or the next to pay for services. Lifespring, India-Lifespring chose Red hat Enterprise Linux, JBOSS Enterprise Middleware,
Medical Contact Center and a network of medical services intended to reduce the cost of health care
Universal Access Number 01-800, immediate and timely health service, equity in health, population education, increasing efficiency of services,
providers and nonprofits develop more effective products, services and care. The aim of many of the available examples of self-help or patient portals and platforms is to create online communities of complementary audiences in other words, patients, family members, clinical experts and researchers, sometimes even pharmaceutical experts
Despite the project branching out to national levels the true nature is limited quite in is overall capabilities as it is in essence designed to amplify medical services to a specific group of high risk patients that are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
and services like the Patient Briefcase are now becoming possible in Denmark. The barriers which need to be overcome for the type of cooperation,
The difficulties of setting appropriate commercial prices for the product and services which the public sector as the main customer can afford and
pharmaceutical companies, regulators, providers and nonprofits develop more effective products, services and care. They are supported by the private sector
Both are technological examples that could enable social innovation services in the future to provide the patients,
and how they get medical services access. Cell Slider innovatively uses the general public's motivation to see improvements in cancer research and treatments,
and services to the Danish health sector also a vendor with vision of modernising health services through the introduction of tele-medicine solutions to different patient groups. dothiv 106 should be referred better to as dothiv g
Millard, J (2009) eparticipation recommendations focusing on the European level, Study and supply of services on the development of eparticipation in the EU, European commission.
Types of social innovation Description Example New services and products Such as new interventions or new programmes to meet social needs Car-sharing;
fair trade New practices Such as new services which require new professional roles or relationships Dispute resolution between citizens and the state in NL (the professional civil servant role has changed dramatically
New processes Such as co-production of new services Participatory budgeting (started in Brazil and since widely scaled;
products, processes, services or business models. One of the key insights behind the 147 corporate optimization of innovation is that the application of knowledge almost always requires well-functioning communities of practice (Cop),
so that potential designers and suppliers of content, goods, services and ideas can identify each other wherever they are located
This was hardly possible in the world of purely physical products and services. This has been described as extending the‘long tail,
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