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a new headline indicator allowing as part of the EU 2020 strategy to benchmark the EU's performance against its main trading partners.
and provides a tool for policymakers to benchmark regions. The interest of this attempt to develop a National Innovation Strategy is in its overall approach,
But it fell short of surviving a shot at normal speed from a. 22 caliber rifle, the benchmark for protection for a type 1 bulletproof vest.
As a benchmark, the initial individual reference models or other models can be used. Evaluation based on an existing framework:
the VC market in Ireland was still relatively young and underdeveloped vis-à-vis international benchmarks
They also reviewed the programme vis-à-vis international benchmarks and other enterprise supports such as the Enterprise Platform Programme (EPP) run by the Institutes of Technology.
the VC market in Ireland was still relatively young and underdeveloped vis-à-vis international benchmarks
However, it is still considerably lower than that for a number of other countries that are appropriate benchmarks for Ireland in terms of their populations and enterprise base (Chart 8. 4 below.
& VC firms shows that The irish VC industry has followed much the same trajectory as in benchmark countries;
However, analysis of the numbers of companies receiving funding in benchmark countries indicates that there is still considerable scope to increase the numbers of early stage
and across jurisdictions shows that The irish VC industry has followed much the same trajectory as in benchmark countries104
They also reviewed the programme vis-à-vis international benchmarks and other enterprise supports such as the Enterprise Platform Programme.
published innovation performance data from the Innovation Union Scoreboard (IUS) 11 and the Regional Innovation Scoreboard (RIS) 12 has been used to benchmark performance against the EU-27 average and the UK.
While there is limited data to benchmark their contribution, Intertradeireland research from 2009, on the design services sector on the island, suggested that such services were utilised under both because of lack of design companies (the sector is approximately one third the relative size of the UK's) and also a lack of understanding of the application and benefits of such
Vision for Ireland 6 Entrepreneurship Environment Key Elements 8 Strategic Objectives 12 Entrepreneurship in Ireland 14 Measuring Irish Entrepreneurship International Benchmarks 15
we must benchmark ourselves against the best in each area and promote improvement across the system.
Measuring Irish Entrepreneurship International Benchmarks Measuring a country's entrepreneurial profile is not a straightforward exercise.
Benchmarks are required to measure the impact of entrepreneurship and compare performance across a number of variables and between comparator countries.
Ireland is performing well against a number of international benchmarks on various business environment indicators.
IRELAND GEDI Benchmark or Indicator Reference point Size of population (million) 4, 588,252 Per capita GDP Euro (PPP, World bank) 40,375 Rank in Doing Business index 2013 15
Given that Ireland is performing strongly across international entrepreneurship benchmarks, as measured by GEDI, Ireland's entrepreneurial profile is that of an innovation-driven economy.
and data for Ireland compiled across international benchmarks. This analysis will reveal the particular conditions that are driving high
DJEI) Develop a consistent benchmark index for Ireland that will measure and track trends across the national entrepreneurship system.
This strategy will set out performance indicators and measures to benchmark entrepreneurial activity in Irish higher education.
HEA) Set out performance indicators and measures to benchmark entrepreneurial activity in Irish higher education. DES, HEA) Develop an Entrepreneurial Phd programme with a view to training more scientists in SFI supported research teams to launch their own businesses.
A wider range of performance indicators will be developed on foot of this Policy Statement to benchmark progress
Benchmark the quality and outcomes of these courses in Ireland against international best practice. DJEI and other Depts./Agencies) Vigorously promote the full range of supports to startups under the Action Plan for Jobs brand to ensure startups are aware of and avail of the full range of available supports.
and data for Ireland compiled across international benchmarks. Many of the performance indicators listed below focus on output.
Further indicators will be added from international benchmarks such as the Global Entrepreneurship & Development Index (GEDI. Culture, Human Capital & Education The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) provides an annual assessment of the entrepreneurial activity,
Performance indicators will be developed to benchmark progress to compare best practice at home and abroad and to set stretch targets.
We are introducing closer monitoring of impacts to measure performance and to test areas of opportunity against international benchmarks in the areas of job creation, startups, market penetration, innovation, efficiency of public sector interface with enterprises, cost competitiveness, finance
Benchmark metrics are supplemented with key data from the annual surveys of the Enterprise Agencies, such as employment, expenditure, sales,
650 respectively between 2011 and 2013 and further progress is needed to get to international benchmarks. Across the EU
Increase researchers in enterprise to international benchmarks; and Target to double patent and trademarks and registered design performance.
which is below international benchmarks. Increasing intellectual property management and exploitation capabilities within firms across all sectors of the enterprise base is an important step in addressing this gap.
Under each objective we shall identify key benchmarks and develop actions with public agencies and private actors in the field to deliver continuous improvement. 7. 1 Progressing the National Policy Statement on Entrepreneurship The six key elements that make up the ecosystem for entrepreneurship in Ireland are:
HEA) 187 Set out performance indicators and measures to benchmark entrepreneurial activity in Irish higher education. DES, HEA) 188 Work with the Department of Social Protection to promote the Back to Work Enterprise Allowance,
D/Taoiseach, All Departments) 247 Benchmark key business costs and publish a report highlighting areas where Irish enterprise costs are out of line with key competitors.
000,000 (169) of indigenous and MNC (2017) Increase researchers in enterprise to international benchmarks Target to double patent and trademarks and design performance 2. 3-Europe's Energy
As an immediate step, it will pilot a European Public sector Innovation Scoreboard as a basis for further work to benchmark public sector innovation.
into a single figure to benchmark country performance for policy consumption seems likewise irresistible. Saisana et al.
Extreme values should be examined as they can become unintended benchmarks. Multivariate analysis. An exploratory analysis should investigate the overall structure of the indicators
To discuss the presence of outliers in the dataset as they may become unintended benchmarks.
The reference could also be an external benchmark country. For example, the United states and Japan are used often as benchmarks for the composite indicators built in the framework of the EU Lisbon agenda.
Alternatively, the reference country could be the average country of the group and would be assigned a value of 1,
or an external benchmark. 5. 5. Indicators above or below the mean This transformation considers the indicators which are above and below an arbitrarily defined threshold, p, around the mean:
It requires any of actual time series, benchmarks or projections, thus poor data availability may hamper its use.
analysis (DEA) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) employs linear programming tools to estimate an efficiency frontier that would be used as a benchmark to measure the relative performance of countries. 26 This requires construction of a benchmark (the frontier) and the measurement
The following assumptions are made for the benchmark:(i) positive weights the higher the value of a given individual indicator, the better for the corresponding country;(
The distance of each country with respect to the benchmark is determined by the location of the country and its position relative to the frontier.
The line connecting countries a b and c constitutes the performance frontier and the benchmark for country d
while the benchmark corresponds to the ideal point with a similar mix of indicators (d'in the example).
The benchmark could also be determined by a hypothetical decision-maker (Korhonen et al. 2001), who would locate the target in the efficiency frontier with the most preferred combination of individual indicators.
the composite indicator is defined as the ratio of a country's actual performance to its benchmark performance:
suggested obtaining the benchmark as the solution of a maximisation problem, although external benchmarks are also possible:()
===Q q 1 qk q I, k {1,,...M} I*I*(w) argmax I w k (20) I*is the score of the hypothetical country that maximises the overall performance (defined as the weighted average),
ii) the benchmark would in general be country-dependent, so there would be no unique benchmark (unless,
as before, one particular country were best in all individual indicators), (iii) individual indicators must be comparable,
..M (21) subject to non-negativity constraints on weights. 28 The resulting composite index will range between zero (worst possible performance) and 1 (the benchmark).
The benchmark is based not upon theoretical bounds, but on a linear combination of observed best performances.
(which will remain stacked to 1). This can be solved by imposing an external benchmark. Unobserved Components Models--e g.
M. 29) The second method is based on the number of indicators that are above and below a given benchmark.
(and reach compromise on weighting) on an index to be used to benchmark best practice, but such acceptance cannot be taken for granted.
Conduct benchmarks and consider what is being done externally in the field. Map Resources Design a supply chain map:
Benchmark your product (s) against competitors on environmental aspects, alongside function, cost, pricing etc. Identify your product (s) absolute and relative environmental features
easy-tounderstand way, project representatives will be able to visualise their impacts by comparing their performance with a set of benchmarks (Passani at al, 2014a.
Attention is shifting to mechanisms to assess and benchmark the quality and performance of university teaching and learning,
while QA agencies use institutional data to benchmark and assess quality and performance. o Funding Agencies o Enterprise and Development Agencies Academic Organisations and Academies In many countries,
helping to benchmark performance against appropriate peer institutions worldwide in order to learn and share experience, and improve performance.
and efficiency Quality assurance Publicity Student and academic recruitment Improve and benchmark performance and quality Institutional and discipline/field data re. level of intensity, expertise,
and benchmark performance and quality Aid resource allocation Investor confidence/value-for-money and efficiency Benchmarking performance and quality of HE system institutions nationally and worldwide ACADEMIC ORGANISATIONS AND ACADEMIES Benchmark
Accordingly, it is often difficult to simply compare or benchmark performance on the basis of departments or faculties.
Use holistic peer review assessment panels to benchmark performance against international comparators, assisted by simple output indicators.
compare Australia's university research effort against international benchmarks; create incentives to improve the quality of research;
At the same time, the evaluation will provide a benchmark for further development of research..Methodology, incl. time-frame, resources, costs, technologies:
but universities do use it to benchmark performance. Both rankings have helped to make it clear that there are differences between German universities.
A ratio of 10:1 as a benchmark for excellence, worthy of 100pts in the league table.
'Assessing User Centric egovernment performance in Europe egovernment Benchmark 2012 European commission (2014) Mapping smart cities in the EU, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, Economic and Scientific
International benchmark categorisations point to nonnegligible gaps between CH and advanced knowledge hub regions in terms of a wide variety of indicators.
International benchmark categorisations point to non-negligible gaps between CH and advanced knowledge hub regions in terms of a wide variety of indicators.
The Central Hungary Operational Programme (CHOP) applies SWOT analysis, benchmark comparisons in the field of innovation performance assessment.
Established innovation agencies across Europe provide relevant benchmarks here: Vinnova in Sweden, Tekes in Finland, the Technology Strategy Board in the UK.
Our concerns over the budget available for communication activities and the opportunity to benchmark communication efforts against national innovation agencies have already been noted in relation to the SME Instrument
and allows governments to benchmark their economy's performance against that of other economies. Notwithstanding the important benefits of rankings
The distance to frontier score benchmarks economies with respect to a measure of regulatory best practice showing the gap between each economy's performance
The Doing Business methodology was designed to be an easily replicable way to benchmark business regulation.
The data produced are comparable across locations within the economy and internationally, enabling locations to benchmark their results both locally and globally.
The distance to frontier score benchmarks economies with respect to a measure of regulatory best practice showing the gap between each economy's performance and the best performance on each indicator.
the distance to frontier score benchmarks economies with respect to regulatory best practice, showing the absolute distance to the best performance on each Doing Business indicator.
benchmark analysis of existing schemes and policies to boost digital entrepreneurship...38 The European policy background...
benchmark analysis of existing schemes and policies to boost digital entrepreneurship To understand what actions can be initiated both by public and private sector in order to boost digital entrepreneurship, digital and entrepreneurial policies and schemes
regions or cities were assessed in a benchmark analysis27. According to this analysis digital entrepreneurship is in most cases determined by a combination of key factors illustrated in Figure 18
the impact of new ICT developments in the global business landscape-Benchmark analysis. See also annex. 38 Figure 18 Overview of key success factors boosting digital entrepreneurship Source:
with the government developing policies and regulations rapidly as start-up ecosystem continues to emerge Applicable to Berlin Role of policy makers 39 EXHIBIT KEY FINDINGS BENCHMARK ANALYSIS Silicon valley Silicon valley emerged organically as a start-up ecosystem
reliable technologies and set the benchmark for key digital applications to make Germany not only the leading provider in the area of smart production and logistics,
project representatives will be able to visualise their impacts by comparing their performance with a set of benchmarks (Passani at al, 2014a).
yy The Commission launched a pilot European Public sector Innovation Scoreboard (EPSIS) with a view to improving its ability to benchmark the innovation performance of the public sector in Europe.
and benchmark progress. Much will depend on creating a critical mass of public sector leaders who have the skills to manage innovation.
yy piloting a European Public sector Innovation Scoreboard as a basis for further work to benchmark public sector innovation
This approach reflects the development of biographical methods as qualitative research techniques in the social sciences. 228) Outcome benchmarks,
or any benchmarks to draw on. Instead, assessments need to include some judgement of the broader direction of change in the field as a whole;
1 per cent of turnover as a rough benchmark (similar to the proportion of GDP now devoted to government support for technological and scientific research and development).
comparisons and benchmarks are valid across economies. The data not only highlight the extent of obstacles to doing business;
and benchmark regulations applying to domestic small to medium-size businesses through their life cycle. Economies are ranked from 1 to 189 by the ease of doing business ranking.
The distance to frontier score benchmarks economies with respect to regulatory practice, showing the absolute distance to the best performance in each Doing Business indicator.
The aggregate ranking on the ease of doing business benchmarks each economy's performance on the indicators against that of all other economies in the Doing Business sample (figure 1. 1)
The distance to frontier score benchmarks economies with respect to regulatory practice, showing the absolute distance to the best performance in each Doing Business indicator.
The distance to frontier score benchmarks economies with respect to regulatory practice, showing the absolute distance to the best performance in each Doing Business indicator.
) The rankings for comparator economies and the regional average ranking provide other useful benchmarks for assessing the efficiency of contract enforcement in Spain.
) The rankings for comparator economies and the regional average ranking provide other useful benchmarks for assessing the efficiency of insolvency proceedings in Spain.
the distance to frontier score benchmarks economies with respect to regulatory best practice, showing the absolute distance to the best performance on each Doing Business indicator.
Conduct benchmarks and consider what is being done externally in the field. Map Resources Design a supply chain map:
Benchmark your product (s) against competitors on environmental aspects, alongside function, cost, pricing etc. Identify your product (s) absolute and relative environmental features
which indicates that Europe has the greatest gap with benchmark economies and the greatest divergence between its member states with regard to measures of smart growth, particularly with reference to the digital agenda and innovation.
the benchmarks for successful entrepreneurial ecosystems and innovation hubs tend to be Silicon valley and Tel aviv.
EVCA (2012), Pan-European Private Equity Performance Benchmarks Study, p. 4. 38. Interview with Luis Galveias, Director of Secretariat, EBAN;
Setup a business incubation monitoring and evaluation system that assesses the performance of Andalusia incubators against EU current benchmarks.
and benchmarks A significant part of the current support for start-ups in the region relates to business incubation.
whereas the European benchmark for incubated businesses is 85%.%Thirdly, it may actually hamper rapid growth
In particular, the region should conduct an independent evaluation of its business incubation model and benchmark it with international best practices.
the contribution of the above EC study was to prepare benchmarks for what constitutes successful incubators (see table below).
to assess the extent to which it is performing according to these benchmarks and, if it falls short of those standards, to consider what needs to be done to maximise efficiency in future.
Table 6. Summary of key EU business incubator benchmarks Setting Up and Operating Average Range Benchmark Average capital investment cost €3. 7 million
27 firms 1-120 firms 20 30 Incubator Functions Average Range Benchmark Incubator occupancy rates 85%9%100%85%Length of tenancy
and Impacts Average Range Benchmark Survival rates of tenant firms 85%65%100%85%Average growth in client turnover 20%p. a. 2001
Best Practice and Policy Recommendations Business incubators should be encouraged to benchmark themselves against best practice standards
The proposed evaluation against quantitative benchmarks would enable the region to assess the current incubator policy
The EC benchmark for the survival rate amongst tenant firms is set at 80-90%.
the regional government should engage in a more regular evaluation of this tool against current EU benchmarks;
Setup a business incubation monitoring and evaluation system that assesses the performance of Andalusia incubators against EU current benchmarks.
into a single figure to benchmark country performance for policy consumption seems likewise irresistible. Synthetically the main pros and cons of using composite indicators could be summarized as follows:
and benchmarks to compare trajectories of development).(italics added) 2. address several legitimate (and often contrasting) perspectives found among stakeholders on how to structure the problem. 3. handle in a credible way the unavoidable degree of uncertainty,
For example, United states or Japan are benchmark countries for the composite indicators built in the frame of the EU Lisbon agenda.
or, finally, an external benchmark. 5. 2. 5 Categorical scales Each indicator is assigned a categorical score.
and uses this as benchmark to measure the performance of a given set of countries. 17 The set of weighs stems from this comparison.
the construction of a benchmark (the frontier) and the measurement of the distance between countries in a multidimensional framework.
The construction of the benchmark is done by assuming:(i) positive weights (the higher the value of one sub-indicator, the better for the corresponding country;(
The distance of each country with respect to the benchmark is determined by the location of the country and its position relative to the frontier.
and is the benchmark for country d which lies beyond the frontier. The countries supporting the frontier are classified as the best performing,
The benchmark will correspond to the ideal point exhibiting a similar mix of indicators (d'in the example.
The benchmark could also be determined by a hypothetical decision maker (Korhonen et al. 2001, for an indicator of performance of academic research) who is asked to locate the target in the efficiency frontier having the most preferred combination of sub-indicators.
The composite indicator is defined as the ratio of a country's actual performance over its benchmark performance:
2004) who first implemented this method suggested obtaining the benchmark as solution of a maximization problem
(although external benchmarks are also possible):(S)==Q q 1 qk q I, k {1,,
ii) the benchmark would in general be country-dependent, so no unique benchmark would exist (unless,
as before, a country is better off in all sub-indicators), (iii) sub-indicators must be comparable,
..M (6. 3) subject to non negativity constraints on weights. 19 The resulting composite index will range between zero (lowest possible performance) and 1 (the benchmark).
for 63 The benchmark is based not upon theoretical bounds but it a linear combination of observed best performances.
The value of the scoreboard depends on the benchmark performance. If this changes the composite will change as well as the set of weights (and the country ranking.
The best performer (the one with a composite equal to one) will not see its progress reflected in the composite (that will remain stacked to 1). This can be solved by imposing an external benchmark.
The second method proposed is based on the number of indicators that are above and below some benchmark.
and then actually being able to benchmark those sales is going to continue to be important to all online players.
a research institute offering practical e-commerce research and benchmark services. Peter van den Brink, Trainee Research & Advice Peter van den Brink (1992) has worked for Ecommerce Europe since 2014.
82 3. 3. 3. Conclusion on nanotechnology cluster benchmark between Germany and Japan...88 3. 3. 4. Factors influencing the future development of nanotechnology...
132 4. 3. 3. Conclusion on microelectronics cluster benchmark between France and Canada...139 4. 3. 4. Factors influencing the future development of microelectronics...
and R&d laboratories within the nanotech cluster. 3. 3. 3. Conclusion on nanotechnology cluster benchmark between Germany
However, in the plans for re-vitalisation of the microelectronics industry public procurement is named as a tool for development. 4. 3. 3. Conclusion on microelectronics cluster benchmark between France
our cluster benchmark has given us some more specific insight about how KETS develop and flourish in certain regions.
setting the benchmark and developing linked indicators 13. These approaches are developed separately and they emphasise different NSI characteristics.
the unadjusted national rate is used as the benchmark. SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN FORFÁS Table A12 Retention of graduates within the region, class of 2008 (county of origin and percent retained in the same county) County of Origin
6. 2. 2 Benchmark Objective The next project milestone was twofold: First, to assess the potential impact of green technologies to be applied on the corridors,
Table 1 Baseline corridor benchmark 2 Corridor Mode Cost (€/tn. km) Av. speed (km h) Reliability(%)Service frequency (no/year) CO2
/Green Technologies and Smart ICT 19 3 Benchmarking of Green Corridors with Green Technologies To develop a green corridor benchmark with green technologies,
Technology impact assessment on the corridor baseline (corridor-specific analysis) and development of a green corridor benchmark.
a limited set of benchmark scenarios was produced based on the baseline transport chains (Sect. 2) and the green technology review. 3. 1 Green Technology Survey
20 C. Georgopoulou et al. 3. 2 Benchmark Scenarios After an extended review on industry and academic works 8 11, the impact of the 58 green technologies on the KPIS was quantified.
The development of the green corridor benchmark was based on the technology-specific analysis. The benchmark consisted of 20 scenarios;
Tables 2 and 3 present the green corridor benchmark. Uncertainty regarding the baseline calculations and the technology impact may have affected the results.
Technologies and Smart ICT 21 Table 2 Green technology benchmark scenarios: Mare nostrum, Nureyev, Strauss and silk way corridors Scenario Technology KPI Impact(%)Mare nostrum SSS:
and onboard energy storage CO2 (gr/tn. km) 30 40 Intelligent temperature unit Reliability(%)Positive The benchmark scenarios and the green technologies are described in columns 1 and 2, respectively.
The technology effect on the baseline KPIS is shown in columns 3 and 4 Green Technologies and Smart ICT 23 Table 3 Green technology benchmark scenarios:
and Duisburg Energy settlement systems Rel. cost (€/tn. km) 1 The benchmark scenarios and the green technologies are described in columns 1 and 2, respectively.
Also, the benchmark does not imply any endorsement on the routes and/or the green technologies, by the Supergreen consortium
or the EU Commission. 3. 3 Implementation of Exhaust Gas Abatement Systems in the Mare nostrum Corridor In this paper, the benchmark scenario for exhaust gas abatement systems on the Mare nostrum corridor
the reduction of emissions would be about 75%.4 Benchmarking of Green Corridors with Smart ICT To develop a green corridor benchmark with ICTS,
and rather unimportant on the KPIS of Cargo Security and Safety. 4. 2 Benchmark Scenarios The next target was to develop the green corridor benchmark with ICTS.
A set of 15 benchmark scenarios was constructed (Table 4), aiming to reveal the importance of ICT implementation on the corridors.
''The benchmark scenarios were compiled by individual experts or subgroups of experts, during the Genoa workshop.
The material was collected and processed, resulting in a corridor-specific ICT benchmark with respect to the KPIS.
5 as Table 4 ICT benchmark scenarios Scenario no Corridor Mode ICT 1 Mare nostrum SCM Tracking units 2 Brenner Road Expert charging 3
Similar analyses were performed for the benchmark scenarios of Table 4, but are reported not here due to space limitations. 5 Conclusions In this paper,
The benchmark also shows the technology potential benefits and drawbacks compared to conventional practices. 5. 1 Green Technologies
The green technology effects on baseline performance were shown on 20 benchmark scenarios for which there was sufficient availability of data.
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