greater interoperability, boosting internet trust and security, much faster internet access and better investment in research and development.
and personal data when they interact in the networked digital society. Our stakeholders include public authorities, universities, research centres, industry, civil society and other organisations.
meaning that the Digital Agenda for Europe's target of 100%broadband coverage for all Europeans by 2013 is well on track.
Managing health data Up to 50%of European adults search online for health information. The need for widespread online access to accurate
as well as to personal health data, is essential. The same is true on the research side,
where access to wide sets of health data for scientific purposes is vital for making progress in areas such as clinical trials and drugs safety.
Access to healthcare data helps researchers to produce more accurate, faster tests on medicines to be launched on the market.
The EU-ADR project exploited advanced ICT to develop new ways of using existing clinical and biomedical data sources to detect EU-ADR The Adverse Drug Response (ADR) system
It then applies text mining, epidemiological and other computational techniques to assess and detect‘signals'.'http://www. eu-adr-project. com Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Duration:
The euheart project is building computer models of the diseased heart to personalise and optimise the selection of the most indicated treatment in several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and heart rhythm disorders,
including a scalable technical infrastructure and a patient data protection framework, to facilitate the semantic interlinking,
and communication technologies to provide healthcare specialists with a framework for the monitoring and analysis of epilepsy-relevant multi-parametric data.
and data capture system to provide the patients with daily valuable Euheart Euheart uses clinical data from various sources,
Computer models integrate heart behaviour and the aorta at molecular, cellular, tissue and organ level. These models also incorporate knowledge about how the cardiovascular disease disturbs the correct functioning of the heart at these levels. http://www. euheart. eu Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Duration:
2008-2012 ARMOR The project combines clinical and basic neuroscience research with advanced data analysis, medical management tools and telecommunication to develop novel applications for the management of epilepsy.
It will deliver non-intrusive personal health system (PHS) for monitoring and early diagnosis of people with epilepsy and will support healthcare professionals by providing accurate analysis. http://www. armor-project. eu Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Duration:
SENSE PARK Thanks to a multimodal sensor information system, designed to be modular and minimally obtrusive,
and empowerment while optimising the use of resources in healthcare provision. epsos epsos has the aim of at improving medical treatment of citizens while abroad by providing healthcare professionals with the necessary electronic patient data.
The result is a service infrastructure enabling the exchange of patient data Patient Summaries and eprescriptions across borders. 23 different European countries participate in this Large scale Pilot. http://www. epsos. eu Funded by the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT PSP) Competitiveness & Innovation Programme (CIP) Duration:
The pilot was carried out in three different sites Spain, Greece and Norway where it developed insights into local structural and operational barriers to overcome for further development of Integrated Care Services.
Consolidation of an open source modular Health Information Sharing Platform supporting organizational interoperability among actors and clinical decision support systems An innovative business case Strategies for scalability of the ICT
such as tele-care, tele-medicine and elderly-friendly videoconference), which help to prolong independent living
The services were tested in six pilot sites across Europe over the last 24 months of the project.
whose majority experienced an increased sense of security. 15 DREAMING DREAMING integrated familiar devices-such as blood pressure cuffs, mobile phones and TV-in a single platform.
Independent living is also at the core of the Rosetta project which specifically addressed people with progressive chronic disabilities, helping them to keep their independence and quality of life as long as possible,
An advanced awareness and prevention service, e g. smart cameras to monitor users'activities; An early detection system to monitor behaviours
An elderly day navigator, e g. reminders of daily activities, a visual phonebook, digital communication facilities. http://www. aal-rosetta. eu Funded by the Ambient Assisted Living Joint Programme
Thanks to the videoconference facility, the elderly can request help or receive virtual visits by caregivers, family and friends.
Runtime support, a software environment providing services for the execution of AAL applications. Development support,
The feedback on the prototype has been generated so far by cyclic on site user validations on a pan-European scale.
and socialise better Only 20%of the elderly are active internet users. They can communicate more
and better using devices they are more familiar with, such as TV screens and remote controls. The T-Seniority pilot project developed a solution based on digital TV specifically tailored for elderly people.
and currently used in sites in Spain, UK and France, reaching more than 1750 users as well as successfully serviced outside of the project's framework in two locations in Spain.
2008-2010 20 several user trials in different sites throughout Europe. The project also resulted in a comprehensive rehabilitation programme that can be followed in health care
The GUIDE (Gentle user interfaces for elderly people) project is creating a software framework and design tools
and the software framework is being showcased at events around Europe such as IFA 2012, a leading trade show for Consumer Electronics and Home appliances.
, second screen multi-touch devices and gyroscopic remote controls. GUIDE puts a dedicated focus on the emerging Web & TV platforms and services (Connected TVS, Set-Top Boxes, etc..
These platforms have the potential to become the main media terminals in the users'homes,
While the passive use (e g. reading information) of public authorities'websites has remained pretty stable over the past years,
Concrete goals include the registration of data with governments only once, the EU-wide use of national electronic identities (eid),
which addresses these challenges by ensuring that public sector websites are fully accessible by 2015. The Plan is requesting Member States to formally agree on a common list of key cross-border public services and implement seamless crossborder e-Government services in the EU single market.
STORK has developed a European Electronic Identity (eid) Interoperability Platform allowing citizens to use their national electronic identities to access public egovernment services in other Member States, in full respect of data protection
transport, telecommunication and ICT networks for the 2014-2020 period. The proposal foresees to support investment in the provision of cross-border digital services in key areas including eprocurement,
and data exchanges based on the development of common technical standards in the field of e-Identity, e-Signatures,
Syndication of data and edirectories; A Secure delivery and data tracking exchanges. http://www. eu-spocs. eu Funded by the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT PSP)- Competitiveness & Innovation Programme (CIP) Duration:
2009-end 2012 28 eid, ejustice and ehealth. The funding from CEF would link up Member States'infrastructures by ensuring interoperability
Effective transmission of individual data between national authorities must therefore be a priority. The European Civil Registry Network project (ECRN) allowed EU Member States'local administrations to exchange civil status acts (birth
in electronic form via internet in a fast, secure and certified way. It was very important to collaborate closely with the STORK project on the recognition of electronic identity for anyone accessing the services network. 1 http://ec. europa. eu/budget/reform/documents/com2011 0665 en. pdf ECRN The project's main objectives were:
Thanks to ICT-particularly social media-more and more citizens are able to take direct part in political debate.
the platform widget is made available also on social media channels and mobile devices. Puzzled by Policy Users can compare graphically their views on immigration with national and EU immigration policies,
2010-2013 30 In a similar vein, the Immigrationpolicy 2. 0 project uses state-of-the-art ICT technologies (including Web 2. 0
and social networking) to pilot a range of citizencentred services (e g. searchable inventories on national migration policies and related legislation).
It provides a Social networking space Ourspace where young Europeans can express their thoughts on politics society, economy and debate them with politicians and peers across Europe.
Data repositories Search Services Knowledge Harvesting and Content Extraction Services A Governmental Management and Modelling Service (GMMS) Migration Policy synchronization and homogenization services Open Debate
the project plans to demonstrate the ability to build more intelligent services by using and combining data integrated seamlessly through the Cloud.
and data collected by public authorities and agencies. It will allow them to model and deploy services,
or impossibility of finding information and services provided by local public authorities on the internet.
We have grown accustomed to the benefits brought by the Internet, smartphones, and the visible and invisible computing power around us.
ICT services and devices have become an integral part of our way of life, and even of our culture.
The Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) recognises that the Internet has proved to be remarkably secure, resilient and stable.
Only 12%of European web users feel completely safe making online transactions. 38%of users had concerns with the safety of online payments
IT networks and end users'terminals still remain vulnerable to a wide range of evolving threats (lack of privacy, loss of data, malfunctioning of the network due to a cyberattack.
security of networks the internet has become a critical information infrastructure, encompassing IT systems and networks across the globe.
also for European institutions. fight against cybercrime and cyberattacks attacks against information systems are a growing threat,
and there is an increasing concern about the potential for terrorist or politically motivated attacks against information systems
by strengthening cross-border cooperation and information exchange. trust in technology 74%of EU Internet users in 2012 think that the risk of becoming a victim of cybercrime has increased in the past year.
who start using Internet from the age of 7, need quality content online to stimulate their imagination
and tools for using the Internet safely and responsibly. A combination of policies is required to deliver a Better Internet for Children.
The Strategy for a Better Internet for Children proposes a series of actions to be undertaken by the Commission
Member States and the whole industry value chain. To meet those objectives and to keep our society secure
Defending ICT infrastructures The Internet has evolved significantly over time and people have come to depend on it for a number of activities such as voice and video communications, social networking, online banking, e-government and shopping.
Trust is the core of social and economic activity in the Internet, and is the basis of economic transactions, social connections,
and communication between people and organisations. As we increasingly rely on broadband networks, it is extremely important to make them more secure and trustworthy
or deliberate failure. 35 Over the past decade we have witnessed an ever-increasing amount of cyber attacks on the Internet.
Current trends in Internet applications such as Web 2. 0, cloud computing, and the Internet of things are bound to bring more pervasive data collection,
longer persistence of collected data, higher and more heterogeneous traffic volume. All these factors make network management an evolving environment that becomes more challenging every day.
The DEMONS project seeks to build a novel cooperative network monitoring and mitigation system based on a completely decentralised, application-aware, privacy-preserving, multijurisdictional monitoring infrastructure.
and to engage a think-tank in discovering the threats and vulnerabilities of the Current and Future Internet;
DEMONS's objective is to realise this infrastructure by applying novel distributed systems technologies and leveraging their native scalability and fault tolerance characteristics.
and exporting data across operator domains and multiple jurisdictions. These issues have prevented previously other security solutions from being deployed widely
Trust, privacy and identity in the digital economy The information society has deeply and irreversibly transformed our society.
In digital interactions such as social networks and forums individuals are leaving a lifelong trail of personal data.
The number of transactions performed electronically is rising fast. Every day people use the Internet for purposes ranging from accessing information to electronic commerce and e-banking, to interactions with government bodies.
As securing these transactions requires strong authentication, electronic authentication tokens and mechanisms have become common.
because conventional biometric techniques, such as fingerprints and facial recognition, are rather vulnerable to direct attacks. Attacks are performed by falsifying the biometric trait
2010-2014 38 Secure and trustworthy service infrastructures Today, tens of millions of users rely on the internet to do business and access a wide variety of applications and services.
Examples include banking transactions, voice over ip, e-government services, e-commerce and business-to-business interactions. Trustworthy applications and services,
and their underlying software-based service platforms, are a prerequisite for the use and uptake of innovative business models and services that benefit the further development and growth of the European economy.
The Future Internet will provide an environment in which a diverse range of services are offered by a diverse range of suppliers.
and trust management on the Future Internet; develop an integral framework to support secure interoperation
generate data, give advice and work bi-directionally), near-zero energy buildings and more energy-efficient transport systems.
and innovation projects to improve the energy efficiency of data centres and investigate how ICT could reduce energy and water consumption in sectors other than buildings and grids.
The project has developed Energy Life, a web-based solution for mobile phones which makes users become aware of the power consumption of their home appliances in real time, with the overall target of reducing power consumption in households by 15%.
%The SAVE ENERGY project uses a serious game (virtual computer game used for professional training purposes) with an engaging virtual environment for users to gain awareness,
helping users to monitor their consumption via mobile phones and adopt energy-saving behaviours. The solution uses gaming
The buildings are equipped with sensors, meters and control devices to monitor overall energy use. The real time data gathered is then centralised
and used to generate an action plan for reducing energy use via the‘serious game'interface
to review their own consumption history allowing them to take appropriate action to reduce it. esesh will also provide social housing providers, regional and national governments with the data they need to optimise their energy-related policy and investment decisions
and easily obtain information on their energy consumption through a web-based platform. http://esesh. eu/project/Funded by the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT PSP)- Competitiveness & Innovation Programme (CIP) Duration:
The project builds on existing industry standards from the ICT and the energy sectors and communication and computing capabilities which are widespread in normal houses and working environments.
Reducing the energy consumption of Data centres In the era of information and data deluge, data centres play an increasingly critical role in every aspect of our socioeconomic activity.
While there is an insatiable need for more computation and storage power, the energy consumption in data centres poses an energy wall that must be addressed to be able to advance to more powerful data centres.
Moreover experience has shown that up to now only a holistic approach leads to the most efficient and sustainable solutions.
This starts from the decision on the data centres location all the way up to the technologies used in the various systems
and the reuse of the heat that is produced by them. Smarthouse/Smartgrid The technology is being tested field in three countries,
2008-2011 45 The Games and FIT4GREEN projects are two ongoing initiatives on energy efficiency for data centres exploring two different approaches.
and dissemination of data in which the mechanical, lighting, electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency and minimum environmental impact.
Thanks to its holistic approach, GAMES is expected to increase energy efficiency in data centres by up to 25%.
%The FIT4GREEN project applies power optimization by spreading load across multiple data centres. It enhances existing deployment strategies by moving computation and services around a federation of data centres sites.
The project expects to provide at least 20%saving in the energy consumption of servers and network devices in comparison with a traditionally managed data centre and an additional 30%saving due to reduced cooling needs.
FIT4GREEN The project aims to save energy in data centres, and works with existing logistics. It has been designed to work for any data centre, Computing style, Monitoring and Automation frameworks
and also federated data centres. The project dynamically tunes the amount of computing resources to the workload,
unused servers are turned off and automatically restarted when load increases. http://www. fit4green. eu Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Duration:
2010-2012 GAMES The project will adopt an innovative approach, taking into account the interrelations between different layers (business/applications, infrastructure, facility) and their effect on energy consumption.
It will deliver a methodology and toolset for the holistic design and operations monitoring of green IT service centres, trading-off Quality of Service, performance,
virtual and physical resource allocation and overall energy efficiency. http://www. green-datacenters. eu/Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Duration:
2010-2012 46 Smart mobility solutions Human error is involved in 95%of all traffic accidents on Europe's roads, in
which more than 30 000 people are killed and 1. 5 million injured every year. Road transport also burns one quarter of the European union's overall energy consumption,
based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a major difference to these figures. For example, the European commission's ecall system saves lives by having the car automatically dial 112 Europe's single emergency number in case of a serious accident
and transmits a set of data, including the exact location of the crash site. ecall is to be introduced in all new models of passenger cars and light-duty vehicles,
and will be supported across the EU as well as Iceland, Norway and Switzerland by 2015. Thanks to stand-alone and cooperative systems, living in a city with improved traffic safety for all road users, reduced congestion and shorter and more predictable journey times
Agenda for Europe http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda https://www. facebook. com/?/ref=tn tnmn#!/
/information society/activities/health http://ec. europa. eu/information society/tl/qualif/health https://www. facebook. com/?
#/ehealthinfso http://www. ehgi. eu http://blogs. ec. europa. eu/neelie-kroes/innovating-healthcare/@EU EHEALTH@EU EHEALTHWEEK 50 Public services https://ec. europa
. eu/digital-agenda/en/digital-life/government https://www. facebook. com/?/ref=tn tnmn#!/#/pages/EGOV-Infso/138369062922852@EU-egov Digital Social Platforms https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/node/1106 http://www. aal
/en/telecoms-internet/cybersecurity http://www. enisa. europa. eu/@EU TRUSTSEC Smart Cities and Sustainability https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/node
ICT hubs in Europe The European commission has published a study identifying the European ICT hotspots with an atlas showing where digital economies flourish.
Ecommerce Europe welcomes the presentation of the study but stresses that the findings should be evaluated critically
Ecommerce Europe stresses that with digital issues, an integrated approach is needed. TTWEEEETT 0 0 Registered webshops 0 4 8 6 Business Partners 0 0 3 2 See all>See all>News Dec 19,
2014 European parliament united in boosting Digital Agenda Dec 18, 2014 Many of Ecommerce Europe's priorities taken up by LLIIKKEE 0 SSHHAARREE
information and communication technology is a set of heterogeneous technologies (hardware and software) that allow for electronic communication, data collection and processing in distributed networks (e g.
Newton, 1998. ICT differs in complexity, ranging from simple electronic communication, like e-mail, to interactive and highly intelligent applications in traffic management and control systems,
and in value webs for particular manufacturing industries. By adopting ICT, households and businesses increase their geographic reach and potential for network contact through an interplay between physical and virtual activities, also named human extensibility (e g.
speeds up data retrieval, processing and steering, and reorganizes value chains and their spatial pattern Maybe an outcome but not a goal;
) Similarly, the capability of a videoconference being a substitute for a conference that requires several people to travel to a single meeting place is quite real,
Videoconferencing technology will undoubtedly improve over the coming years in terms of visual quality, more user-friendly systems,
and distributed modes, the latter enabling participation in such conferencing from one's computer as opposed to a videoconference room,
but may cause new travel demand due to successful social networking. E-working (at home or tele-center) Reduces travel needs for individuals concerned
E-office (internet, e-mail, portable computers, tele-servicing) Possibly reduces travel during work. May cause increase of long distance travel because of more on the move-move working options.
E-meeting (tele-and videoconferencing) Reduces travel needs to a limited extent, cannot substitute keymeetings (evaluation, preparation of major decisions, kickoff meetings, etc);
value webs and models of remote diagnostics and monitoring (van Geenhuizen, 2005; Kenney and Curry, 2001;
Lake, 2003)( table 3). The changes in value chains range from withdrawal from wholesale and retail segments (disintermediation) to the transformation of value chains into value webs.
The latter are sets of fluid congregations of businesses coming together on the Internet to create value for customers.
including emarketing and customer services Reduces transport for ordering and delivery of nonmaterial goods (e g. music, software);
Configuration of value webs Influence on transport demand depends on underlying optimization, e g. transport costs, production and delivery time, best available product quality.
and service centers (telecommuters) and relocation at a greater distance from key suppliers (customers)( web-based companies).
i e. reinforcing ongoing trends in business strategies (like globalization) or opening up ways to new business models (like network and web-based models);
but these are linked not with data on transport behavior; also, disaggregate data at the level of regions or cities is often not available.
This situation may be explained by a lack of awareness among statisticians of the urgency to provide such data.
Concerning households, the lack of statistics means a need for a smart mix of large-scale surveys,
whether it is fixed or in-vehicle (mobile), and whether it concerns private or public transport or both (table 4). Black and Van Geenhuizen European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 49 Table 4. ICT applications,
No available data, but seems effective. No available data; seems effective in time but maybe longer journeys.
Congestion relief Video Surveillance and Response (fixed)( public, private. Variable Message Signs (VMS)( fixed)( public, private.
Advanced Traveler Information systems (mobile)( private. Advanced Drivers'Assistance (ADAS)( cruise control, speed adaptation)( in-vehicle)( private.
Monitors obstacles in the road network and sends help (persons and freight. Give information on changing road network conditions ahead (persons and freight.
No available data, but seems effective. Overall travel time reduction by 1-2%in regular congested areas (EU). No available data.
Reduces variation in acceleration by 40-50%(EU). Reduces fuel use of 8%(UK). ) No available data,
but seems effective. Fatality reduction Accident Sensors (in-vehicle)( private. Extended Viewing Systems (radar, sensors, infrared)( invehicle)( private.
No No data available, but seems effective. No data available, but seems effective. Substantial decrease of speed, but compensation (US.
Reduce fatality and heavy injury up to 30-38%(dependent on road type)( NL. Several gains expected.
Navigation Systems Geographic positioning systems (GPS) in conjunction with geographic information systems (GIS) offer the possibility of decreasing the amount of time spent on search behavior by motorists.
If we have a very accurate geographic information system for an area and a very reliable global positioning system (GPS),
Current GIS databases and GPS technologies in general are in most cases not accurate enough to be used in this way,
Video Surveillance and Response, Informational Signing (variable messages), Advanced Traveler Information systems, Adaptive Cruise control, Intelligent Speed Adaptation, Congestion Free Zoning and Lanes,
In more advanced applications, mobile (in-vehicle) applications are being integrated with the fixed applications to arrive at a better fine-tuning of the systems
Upon arrival at the problem site, the objective is to remove the obstacle to flow
Advanced Traveler Information systems Personal information systems may take different forms and may be in-vehicle for car drivers
More recent data are available for the EU 15 where there were 35,905 fatalities in 2003 (ERF, 2005.
The same technology could be tied into an onboard computer system and used to make it nearly impossible for the vehicle to crash into other vehicles or objects.
Vehicle Radar Warning, Blind spot Information systems and Night View Systems, and applications that serve both congestion relief and reduction of fatalities, i e.
ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 54 Blind spot Information systems and Night View Systems A number of accidents occur due to blind spots.
For example, Lexus plans to introduce lighting systems that monitor speed, braking performance and weather conditions, and automatically adjust the amount and type of lighting as a warning (active lighting).
Advanced Traveler Information systems (mobile)( private. Advanced Drivers'Assistance (ADAS)( cruise control, speed adaptation)( in-vehicle)( private.
E-commerce and the Power of the Internet. In: Leinbach, T. R. and Brunn, S d. eds.
Internet Adoption, Urban Systems and Sustainable Transportation: Evidence from The netherlands and the United states. STELLA Focus Group 2 Synthesis meeting, Budapest, 22-23 april 2004.
A conceptual analysis of the transportation impacts of B2c ecommerce. Transportation, vol. 31, pp. 257-284.
Newton's Telecom Dictionary. New york, Flatiron Publishing. ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 60 NRC-Handelsblad (2005.
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