Synopsis: Ict:

or post articles, visit our website FAQ page http://sloanreview. mit. edu/faq/Customer service Email:

smr-help@mit. edu Phone: 617-253-7170 Authors Michael Fitzgerald is the Digital Transformation contributing editor at MIT Sloan Management Review,

Andrew Mcafee, MIT Center for Digital Business; Mark Norman, Zipcar; William Ruh, General electric; Kimberly Stevenson, Intel;

George Westerman, MIT Center for Digital Business. Acknowledgments sloanreview. mit. edu Embracing Digita l Technology MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 1 Contents RESEARCH REPORT 2013 2/Executive Summary 3/Introduction

Intel Gets Urgent 10/Executing the Change M aking a Case for Digital Transformation Incentives 12/Conclusion Executive Summary Companies routinely invest in technology,

which we define as the use of new digital technologies (social media, mobile, analytics or embedded devices) to enable major business improvements (such as enhancing customer experience,

His first move was to offer free Wi-fi in Starbucks stores, along with a digital landing page with a variety of digital media choices, including free content from publications like The Economist.

we were not just doing something smart around Wi-fi, but we were doing something innovative around how we were connecting with customers.

Last year, they cut 10 seconds from every card or mobile phone transaction, reducing time-inline by 900,000 hours.

and is processing 3 million mobile payments per week. Soon, customers will order directly from their mobile phones.

Using social media, mobile and other technologies to change customer relationships, operations and the business model has helped Starbucks re-engage with customers

and boosted overall performance. Its stock price has bounced also back up from roughly $8 in 2009 to nearly $73 in July 2013.

and a core strategic consideration, 81%believe their companies will be somewhat or much more competitive in two years.

Lori Beer, executive vice president of information technology and specialty business at Wellpoint, the nation's largest Blue Cross/Blue Shield licensee, said that i t's not like we're a consumer Rated D for digital Most

Figure 1 Beginners Conservatives Fashionistas Digirati Digital Maturity 15%6%14%65%01 Beginner companies probably use email

Internet and various kinds of enterprise software. But they have been slow to adopt, or are skeptical of, more advanced digital technologies like social media and analytics.

Conservative companies deliberately hang back when it comes to new technologies, although their management has a vision

providing capabilities for employers, information, data, much more like a financial services type of scenario. Technology has always been important to our business,

especially through using social media. For example, Jon Bidwell, chief innovation officer at Chubb, a large specialty insurer, told us that social business tools

General electric is pushing an Internet of things service strategy that will help it tell customers how to schedule maintenance

Of course, more efficient products may well reduce demand for new GE goods. But William Ruh, vice president of software at General electric,

like social media, mobile, analytics and embedded devices, demand different mindsets and skill sets than previous waves of transformative technology.

embraced social media, etc. all on day one. That said, we used a lot of disjointed, free or low cost offerings.

'said Andrew Mcafee. Unfortunately, that's not going to happen, so a critical skill at the top of a company is to have someone who can keep scan-At Intel,

there is no lack of a sense of urgency; the company knows mobile technology is upending its market.

The company has failed multiple times to become an important provider of mobile processors, including turning down the opportunity to provide chips for the original iphone.

Intel's culture has long been built around maintaining market dominance through intense internal competition, said Kim Stevenson, its chief information officer.

Now, Intel believes it needs a more collaborative culture to help it gain an edge in mobile processors.

To start this cultural change, Intel's top 25 executives gathered for a strategy discussion led by Stevenson and the head of human resources.

First the group had to agree on the overall vision, the need for cultural change in order for Intel to compete effectively in the emerging mobile market.

Then it had to create ways to bring people together. That would mean breaking down barriers to communication that existed in the company's culture of rivalry.

Among steps Intel took to improve communications were adding 220 video conferencing rooms, electronic white boarding,

All company employees are now on an internal social network. Intel has also set up teams based on accounts

not internal departments. Intel is taking small, concrete steps towards changing its culture, rather than massive, risky leaps.

The small-step strategy is one many companies could adopt when trying to transform. As one survey respondent said,

Intel gets urgent 10 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW Capgemini Consulting sloanreview. mit. edu R e s e a r c H r e p

said Stevenson, Intel's CIO. They've gone through ERP, they've gone through BYO,

very beginning of this next generation of computing, and I think that every industry leader will be the ones that transform first.

Andrew Mcafee, principal researcher at the Center for Digital Business, told us in an interview that the vexing thing about innovation

It is still difficult to compute ROI on many social media activities (at least to the satisfaction of the executive board) said one survey respondent.

instead of the software servicing the people, it is the other way around. Another said that the pace of digital transformation demanded such speed that it is at risk of diluting employee morale.

Figure 8 Defining the right KPIS Changing the culture Limitations of IT systems Concerns with the integrity of the data Lack of management skills Too much data Not enough datavery significant Somewhat significant

Concerns with the integrity of the data Lack of management skills Too much data Not enough datavery significant Somewhat significant Neither Not at all significant Don't know Don't know Not very significant How significant are each of the following in managing Key

If companies could give their relationship to digital transformation a Facebook status, it would be it's complicated.

With the new digital economy creating significant disruptions and opportunities, our global team of over 3,

600 talented individuals work with leading companies and governments to master Digital Transformation, drawing on our understanding of the digital economy and our leadership in business transformation and organization change

32 2 Field of Action I-egovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing, Open Data, Big data and Social media...

37 2. 2 Cyber security Information systems and networks Security...45 2. 2. 1 Introduction...45 2. 2. 2 European context...

48 2. 3 Cloud computing...51 2. 3. 1 Introduction...51 2. 3. 2 European context...

52 2. 4 Social media...56 2. 4. 1 Introduction...56 2. 4. 2 European context...

59 2. 5 Open Data...61 2. 5. 1 Introduction...61 2. 5. 2 European Context...

63 2. 6 Big data...64 2. 6. 1 Introduction...64 2. 6. 2 European context...

85 4 Field of action III-ecommerce, Research-Development and innovation in ICT...87 4. 1 ecommerce...

87 4. 1. 1 Introduction...87 4. 1. 2 European context...87 Page 4 of 170 4. 1. 3 National context...

128 SWOT for ICT in ecommerce...130 SWOT for R&d and Innovation in ICT...132 SWOT For Romanian ICT Infrastructure...

Eurostat, Europe 2020 Targets all information are based on the latest available data Tailoring the Digital Agenda for Romania

This strong association between the strategic objectives and the specific objectives in ICT is characterized by the pervasive reach of the digital economy

In terms of funding, as it is mentioned in the Romanian Partnership Agreement for the 2014-2020 programming period,

Field of action 1-egovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing, Open Data, Big data and Social media increase efficiency

Field of action 3-ecommerce Research & development and Innovation in ICT builds on the comparative advantages of regional Romania and supports economic growth in the private sector.

for Europe as framework of reference to define an overview on how to boost the digital economy for the 2014 2020 period.

's Cyber security Strategy Field of Action 1. 5 Open Data National Anticorruption Strategy 2014 2016 Field of Action 2. 2 ICT in Health Romania

Objective 2020 EU Targets RO Targets Current situation RO Covered by broadband 100%by 2013 100%by 2020 90.0%(2013) Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps

100%by 2020 80%by 2020 66.0%(2013) Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps 50%by 2020 45%by 2020 25.0%(2013) Population to buy online 50%by 2015

20%by 2020 5. 0%(2012) Regular internet usage overall Among disadvantaged people 75%by 2015 60%by 2015 60%by 2020 45%by 2020 45.0

%(2013) 24.0%(2012) Population that has used never the internet 15%by 2015 30%by 2020 48.0%(2012) Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms 50%by 2015 25%by 2015 35%by 2020 20%by 2020 5. 0%(2013) 2

data and services that need to interact across borders 3. Pillar III Trust & Security increases the trust of web users in electronic services and online transactions in order to boost consumption of ICT services 4. Pillar IV Fast and ultra-fast Internet access targets investments

for broadband infrastructure in order to take advantage of new technologies and services 5. Pillar V Research and Innovation stimulates adequate funding for increasing the competitive edge of innovation

skills and inclusion bridges the digital divide for all consumers in order to benefit equally and fully from the advantages of ICT services 7. Pillar VII ICT-Enabled benefits for EU Society-focuses on ICT's capability to reduce energy consumption,

Field of action Objective Digital Agenda for Europe Pillars Europe 2020 Target Support DAE 2020 Target Support 1. egovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing

, Open Data, Big data and Social media 1. 1. Increasing the transparency of public administration acts through computerization of public services II-Interoperability and standards I-A vibrant digital single market

and energy sustainability Fighting poverty and social exclusion Population to buy online Population to buy online cross-border SME's to make online sales Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed

education, health and culture V-Research and innovation 3. ecommerce, Research-Development and Innovation in ICT Improve the existing framework for electronic commerce,

which provides 3. 1. Support ecommerce for achieving economic growth and development at the European digital single market

but also in terms of improving the degree of social inclusion 4. 1. The development of broadband ICT infrastructure for complete coverage and uniform regional IV-Fast and ultra-fast internet access

Climate change and energy sustainability Education Fighting poverty and social exclusion Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps Regular internet

disadvantaged people Population that has used never the internet Key cross-border public services, online 4. 2. Improving social inclusion through access to broadband ICT infrastructure IV-Fast and ultra-fast internet access Whereas the strategy was developed by the Ministry for Information Society,

of action Lines of action Entities responsible for implementation Indicators Field of action 1 egovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing, Open Data,

Big data and Social media Define the Informational Perimeter of Public services Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services (support) egovernment

Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Identification of data registries and of relevant owners of data registries for interoperability The Technical Economic committee Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Promote transparency

and openness Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services e-Participation Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Interoperability

using the online services to download official forms for Life Events. Target: 50%by 2020%of citizens/businesses using the online services pertaining to Life Events to send the official forms.

25%by 2020%of data registries implemented pertaining to Life Events from the overall data registries of Life Events.

data Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology Achieve a Cluster 3 rating for Maturity based on EU NIS Market Maturity Target:

sector Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Data base Consolidation of Knowledge Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible

for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Cloud computing, Data Management and Social media#of applications performed based on Governmental Cloud Target:

at least 2 per county by 2020#of applications performed based on Big data. Unique Point of Contact or Single Sign on Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Procure

and bring into service a range of components and services forming Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Page 17 of 170 the core infrastructure Migration of the already existent services (both those directed towards citizens and those used as internal use) of different public

institutions on the new platform and the installation of new services according to governmental needs and strategies All Ministries offering public services Target:

at least 1 per county by 2020#of public initiatives promoted by social media. Target: at least 10 by 2020#of companies supported related to communication by social media.

Target: at least 2 per county by 2020 Re-evaluation of the administrative capacity directly involved in the activity of management of governmental Cloud Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Data centers

Consolidation Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Define key principles and business framework for the communication process within the public institutions Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Establish key coordinators

which is cheaper and quicker one of the most useful opportunities of social media Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Promoting public debates Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All

as social media is in alignment with the three principles of Open Data: Transparency, Participation and Collaboration Support for use of Big data in public administration Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Elaboration of a legal frame related to the free

access to FOI1 Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Open Data#of data sets

and reports available for public use. Target: at least 1 per public body#of social projects/applications developed using open data Target:

at least 1 per county by 2020 Identification and achievement of the possibilities of combination and data processing Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Use of relevant standards and format

to be used for presentation of data Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Improvement of the degree of presentation of civil society

and its capacity to use and integrate the information generated by Open Data The Department for Online services and Design (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Training for public servants on Open Data concepts The Department for Online services and Design (responsible

) All Ministries offering public services Identification of the possibilities of attraction of the necessary funds and concluding partnerships with possible supporters (civil society data and information donor, investors etc.)

Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services The Public Procurement Electronic Ministry for Information 1 FOI Freedom of Information Page 19 of 170

which the information need of public must be correlated to the publication of certain relevant data sets

Ministry for Information Society (responsible) The Department for Online services and Design All Ministries offering public services Extend the data sets present on www. data. gov. ro Ministry for Information

Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Definition of data sets to be collected. Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Big data#of applications developed using Big data databases Target:

To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology Collection of data from multiple sources: Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services

Page 20 of 170 Social media Operational systems available Definition of the analysis process for the data sets collected.

Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services Field of action 2 ICT in Education, Health, Culture and einclusion Provide equipment

and relevant infrastructure in schools Ministry of Education (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) ICT in Education%individuals using the internet regularly.

Target: 75%by 2020%individuals from the category of those disfavored using the internet. Target:

50%by 2020%of pupils trained with TIC skill. Target: 75%by 2020%education facilities using OER, Web 2. 0 in education.

Target: 75%by 2020%LLL resource e-learning systems Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of application developed using Big data databases Target:

To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology Educate teachers on ICT technologies Ministry of Education (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) Provide ICT specific training courses, directly related to the improvement of the quality of the learning

and archiving the educational content Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Education (support) Include Web 2. 0 platforms in the learning processes Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Education (support) Stimulate students

and Internet usage at the regional level Promoting the system of learning together Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations:

Special campaigns and trainings Promoting open database as an opportunity for informal education Provide trainings on the methodology of developing digital skills Provide materials

of Health (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) ICT in Health%of data registries identified and implemented.

75%by 2020#of applications performed based on Big data. Target: At least 10 applications#of localities and medical centers benefiting from telemedicine services.

40%by 2020%of representatives trained in the field of Integrated Platform for all the services with easy or e-accessibility and data confidentiality Creating more patient-centric,

coordinated and accountable care requires all service providers share data Monitoring and Controlling Ministry of Health (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) Bringing together inputs, delivery, management

and flexibility for delivery Data portability and real time updates providing more visibility to government functioning Ministry of Health (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) Interoperability Ministry of Health

(responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) Analysis of a significant volume of data generated in the healthcare informatics systems

25%by 2020#of application developed using Big data databases Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of digitized units of Achieve the minimum contribution to Europeana. eu (the European digital library) Ministry of Culture (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) Digitize the cultural content

and Internet usage at the regional level Promoting the system of learning together Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations:

Special campaigns and trainings Promoting open database as an opportunity for informal education Provide trainings on the methodology of developing digital skills Provide materials

Ministry of Labor (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) einclusion%individuals using the internet regularly.

75%by 2020%individuals from the category of those disfavored using the internet. Target: 50%by 2020%of individuals who have used never the internet.

Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology%of pupils trained with TIC skill. Target: 75%by 2020%education facilities using OER, Web 2. 0 in education.

Target: 75%by 2020#of application developed using Big data databases Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology Field of action 3 ecommerce,

Research-Development and Improvement of the regulatory framework for the support of the ecommerce system and the retail commerce transfer in the electronic media.

Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Economy (support) ICT in ecommerce%SMES which receive orders online.

Page 24 of 170 Innovation in ICT Ministry of Public Finances (support) Ministry of Labor (support) Target:

25%by 2020%individuals who use the internet to order goods and services from other countries members of the UE.

Target: 10%by 2020%individuals who use the internet to order goods and services. Target: 30%by 2020#of competency centers developed on a regional level.

Target: 3 by 2020.##of innovative ICT products and services Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of SMES which have developed innovative products and services Target:

of action 4 Broadband and Digital Services infrastructure Implementation of the Ronet project Ministry for Information Society (responsible)# of active connections-Mobile Internet access Target:

To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of broadband internet connections Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of fixed telephony lines Target:

To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of households with access to internet broadband (at least 30mbps) Target:

or data for these indicators are extremely cumbersome to obtain, each entity responsible for implementing a line of action will need to ensure that proper measurements are put into place

The order of decisions for investment in information systems is: Buy, Customize, Build. This means that generally, an entity will first look for already existing solutions that satisfy the needs of their customers,

the costs for development and the time to deployment. 4. Formulate legislation to support the initiatives This document acknowledges that there may exist some gaps in legislation pertaining to the use, operation or maintenance of information systems.

so that no data loss or breach is incurred. Examples: All investments will take all the appropriate measures for ensuring security for services, data, and processes.

Security should cover all aspects of a service (financial security, operational security, transactional security. Security should not compromise usability of a service (for example entities should not impose a nonstandard way for authentication, registration, authorization;

Where not in conflict with any explicit mention in the law, public entities should make their data publicly available.

and also reduce the costs associated with data quality. This action will enable individuals Page 28 of 170

and businesses to use data in ways most helpful to them including developing applications relevant to their own needs and interests and such increase innovation.

Entities should secure funding for the investment for a period up to 5 years for all recurrent costs of that investment objective (including initial investment, maintenance, upgrades etc..

data and technology 9. Facilitate innovation In order to create technological innovation and growth which can make possible significant enhancements in the way Romania delivers its services,

in the long-term Better Public Administration Poor administrative capacity is a core concern for Romania

31 of 170 The Digital Agenda Roadmap for the implementation of strategic initiatives Field of Action Iegovernment, Interoperability, Cyber security, Cloud computing, Open Data, Big data and Social Mediafield of Action

projectsfull coverage activities: Improve legislation and promote innovationstrategic Initiatives (2014 2016) Enabler Initiatives (2015 2018) Operational Initiatives (2016 2020) Page 32 of 170 1. 3 NEED OF INVESTMENT

The estimated impact for each Field of Actions was derived from statistical analysis of historical data in countries

Operational Program Need for Investment (EURO)% egovernment and Interoperability 247,487, 375 EUR 6, 2%Cloud computing and Social media 70,187, 239 EUR 1, 8%Page

0, 9%ecommerce 171,489, 313 EUR 4, 3%Research-Development and Innovation in ICT 10,564, 304 EUR 0, 3%Broadband 3, 100,000

Operational Program Competitiveness Human Capital Administration CEF EAFRD egovernment and Interoperability X X x Cloud computing and Social media X X x ICT In Education

X X ICT in Health X ICT in Culture X e-Inclusion X X ecommerce X Research-Development and Innovation In ICT X Broadband

X x X Page 34 of 170 2 FIELD OF ACTION I-EGOVERNMENT, INTEROPERABILITY, CYBER SECURITY, CLOUD COMPUTING, OPEN DATA

BIG DATA AND SOCIAL MEDIA 2. 1 EGOVERNMENT AND INTEROPERABILITY 2. 1. 1 Introduction Preamble The combination of the use of advanced ICT, especially the Internet,

it is important not to limit the scope of this initiative to a restrictive definition of delivering transactional public services over the Internet,

but mainly, egovernment should mean the transformational approach enabled by the use of information technology to offer better public services by the government,

The current Programme for Government is the expression of an outlook on Romania's future

telecom infrastructure (calculated depending on%of internet users,%of subscribers of fixed telephony,%subscribers of mobile telephony, %internet subscribers in fixed line and%broadband subscribers) the index of human capital (generated depending on the education level noticed on adults and%of school enrolments).

Sursa: EGOVERNMENT Survey 2014, United nations Page 37 of 170 Current status: In Europe, the average usage of egovernment in European union countries taken together is around 40%of EU population In Romania,

. While there have many major steps in Romania in the later years in Romania (from access perspective as well as implementing major information systems), the majority of initiatives faced challenges in terms of adoption, quality, legislation and uniformity.

Consequently, the information of public interest statistics, laws, research results etc. will not depend on a specific software product

and it may be accessed by any computer literate citizen that will be able to disseminate it to the rest of the society All public bodies will adhere to this Line Action.

Identification of data registries The most practical option for actual Page 40 of 170 and of relevant owners of data registries for interoperability (Operational) identification of actions related to interoperability of informational

of data registries involved and of related owners of data registries and by marking the relations and dependencies between the related informational flows.

All the public bodies will adhere to this Line Action. The responsible public body for centralizing the data will be the Technical Economic Committee.

Promote transparency and openness (Operational) Use of open source and open standards and providing access open to the application already purchased

and susceptible to be implemented on the level of public administration All public bodies will adhere to this Line Action. e-Participation (Enabler) The Ministry for Information Society will develop an electronic channel allowing citizens

be designed to support cross organizational data sharing opportunities and to facilitate interoperability. Main actions: The creation of the National Interoperability strategy and review Page 41 of 170 implementation National implementation of the legislative package on the review of ICT standards Develop the necessary measures to promote research projects

This feedback could be through the system itself or through links with social media where appropriate.

All public bodies will adhere to this Line Action Portal (Operational) Implementation of the web portals goes through stages;

Low%of Citizens are using web portals to submit forms and a smaller number of%of enterprises are interacting online with public authorities Romania's e-governance portal being average among its peers has areas for improvement toward providing digital governance experience in the below areas:

o Site completeness o Maturity of Integrated Web Services o One Stop Portal Approach o Multi lingual site o Forms/Process

the current egovernment portal structures the access to these sites Romania has a separate payment portal

's strategy for the Digital Agenda will be to give access to the public to open data

All public bodies will adhere to this Line Action 2. 2 CYBER SECURITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS SECURITY 2. 2. 1 Introduction Preamble Trust and security in public services is national priority for the Romanian government

and is the underlying requirement for electronic infrastructure of data networks, electronic services and communications.

Thus, some of the incidents were identified as the main cause of the lack of consistent security policies to protect data that is collected,

handled, processed and stored by computer networks..Cyber security Definition Cyber security is defined as"the state of normality that results after provisioning proactive

The Strategy is accompanied by the technical legislative proposal by the European commission's Directorate General Connect to strengthen the security of information systems in the EU

2 http://www. cert-ro. eu/files/doc/Strategiadesecuritateciberneticaaromaniei. pdf Page 46 of 170 Freedom and openness The laws, norms and EU's core values

European commission Strategy http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/news/eu-cybersecurity-plan-protect-open-internet-and-online-freedom-and-opportunity-cybersecurity In its Pillar III

"the Digital Agenda for Europe defines a series of cyber security initiatives at European level to ensure cyber security incident response capabilities and the protection of personal data.

In fighting against cyberattacks on the information systems Member States must amend the existing criminal law on attacks against information systems.

The main purpose is to provide greater authority to the European legislation on cybercrime. The initiative will improve the security of citizens and businesses,

as information systems repair costs are very high. At the national level, it will provide points of contact for complaints

Thus, some of the incidents were identified as the main cause of the lack of consistent security policies to protect data that are taken,

handled, processed and stored by computer networks. A positive development in the field of cyber security is the setting up of CERT-RO (http://www. cert-ro. eu),

how to use your computer at home, how to use"social media, "how to work Page 48 of 170 outside the office,

send and receive emails, use fax machines and all types of data structures is one of the high priorities of the national structures with responsibilities in the field.

The National Cyber security System (NSCC) is the general framework for cooperation that brings together public authorities and institutions with responsibilities and capabilities in the field,

in order to coordinate national actions for cyberspace security, including the cooperation with academia and business trade associations and nongovernmental organizations-NGOS.

analyze, identify and respond to cyber security incidents of information systems. Developing cooperation between the public and private sectors in order to ensure cyber security represents a priority for action at the national level,

45%of the Romanian users use the Internet at least once a week 52%of the Romanian users are at least fairly confident in buying online

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Developing national capacities for risk management in cyber security and cyber incident response under a national program Construction of Data base with relevant information (Operational) Consolidating, at the level of the competent

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Development of educational programs (Enabler) Educational programs in the forms of compulsory education on the safe use of the Internet and computing equipment Responsible:

Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Page 51 of 170 2. 3 CLOUD COMPUTING 2. 3. 1 Introduction Preamble Cloud computing is offering several potential benefits to public bodies,

and integration of cloud computing capabilities into public bodies is a key challenge. Effectively managing the security

and resilience issues related to cloud computing capabilities is prompting many public bodies to innovate, and some cases to rethink, their processes for assessing risk

Heterogeneous security solutions which reflect in greater security risk Granular purchase of hardware and software solutions does not provide transparency on governmental level.

Cloud computing can address all these issues by: Enabling rapid and cost-effective procurement of information systems/services for all state agencies Eliminating the duplication of effort Reducing risk management costs Cloud computing Definition Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale

, over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services. 2. 3. 2 European context On European level,

intense activities are carried out for the standardization of concepts related with Cloud Technologies. In the communication submitted by the European commission"Unleashing the Potential of Cloud computing in Europe"

one provides the first definitions and European strategies in this field. Based on the materials published by European commission,

Cloud computing is understood as being a capacity of storing, processing and accessing data encountered on remote calculation systems.

In this model, the users may assign calculation resources almost unlimited for which they need major capital investments.

The adoption in private sector of Cloud technologies within the European union exceeds 64, %however the organizations are still circumspect in implementing them.

Standardization of the series of data and informational applications Adjusting the terms and conditions for contracts Determining a partnership for European Cloud

and development in the public sector 2. 3. 3 National context Cloud computing Approach in Romania Cloud computing has several advantages

Therefore, we have looked to the couple of European countries who already adopted cloud computing in the public sector

As a conclusion, the dominant cloud computing deployment model in those countries is a so-called G-Cloud (Governmental Cloud

Lines of Development for Cloud computing in Romania Strategic Lines of Development Lines of Actions Description Creation of a safe and scalable IT infrastructure,

Similarly, the pattern of infrastructure proposed allows the use by all public institutions of common elements of IT infrastructure such as the courier services, the collaboration platforms, the data connections, the security platforms (on the level of data centers.

or Single Sign on (Enabler) The use of Cloud computing technology may support as well the achievement of more general targets,

It shall also entail the reduction of duplication of databases existent in the public institutions

of web portals used in the interaction with citizens, and of related complex services used by such institutions as support services.

and services forming the core infrastructure (Enabler) Migration of the already existent services (both those directed towards citizens

All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action Reduction of number of data centers in the public institutions and consolidation of infrastructure Data centers Consolidation (Enabler) Currently,

the data centers are encountered within all governmental institutions. The result of the action of reducing the number

or the size of data centers will be the centralization within a sole data center with a high level of availability, security, redundancy for protection in case of disasters, protection to data loss, etc.

which are provided from the data centers in progress of being consolidated will be submitted to analysis to check which of them must be:

including hardware, software and operations Reduction of costs for the migration of services towards new platforms Reduction of the number of applications and services (redundant) in the public sector Reduction of the time and cost for procurement of new

services Shifting IT investments to more efficient computing platforms Ability to use shared applications for common Government functions (ERP, HR, SCM, GIS etc.)

Promoting the use of Green IT by reducing the overall energy and real estate footprint of government data centers Cost savings by providing common services, utilities,

computing and storage environments The IT infrastructure within the cloud that is faster, more secure, and continually refreshed with the latest application versions

and updates Agencies can consolidate servers, departments can consolidate data centers and move to one email system,

and even across different departments services like payroll applications, can be shared Improved services for citizens by reducing the time by

which a governmental service is rendered Reduction of carbon emissions by optimizing the use of the resources of data center,

decommissioning of redundant services and purchase of"green"systems with regards to energy consumption Increase of security on the level of data center by implementation of up-to-date, standard and proved security solutions.

Data will be much less prone to loss because the data backup processes within a cloud environment will render the data much safer.

Page 56 of 170 2. 4 SOCIAL MEDIA 2. 4. 1 Introduction Preamble We have seen how the social media environment has evolved over the past years from a communication channel between citizens to a business marketing tool.

Social media, together with the wider internet have become useful business tools in other countries, currently helping governments to be part of the conversation.

They have understood that they cannot isolate themselves and that they can provide better services when consulting with and involving the citizen.

Social media Definition Social media are defined as specific Web 2. 0 communication tools which enables people to interact,

dedicated websites where the user can read about different topics, give feedback by voting or commenting on the articles.

Social networks: platforms that allow the user to connect and interact with other people, based on mutual interests and experiences,

Blogs/Forums: platforms that are owned by people, communities or businesses of any kind which deliver general or personalized content.

The difference between them and a website is that blogs & forums are generally build on free platforms

websites that allow the user to publish, recommend and comment any kind of content. Bu using the bookmark function,

and bookmark sites and information of interest that can be accessed from anywhere and also, they can be shared with other users.

websites where the user is given the possibility to create, upload, publish, share and receive feedback on photo and video content.

Social media are one of the most famous and used instruments for creating online communities, based on shared values and interests.

use and share high volume of data and information, can conduct to creating and developing new social trends

at the beginning of 2014 we know that there are 293 million social media users, of which 193 million accessing social media through mobile devices4.

Otherwise said, 40%of the total European population is represented by active social network users. 4 Global Web Index, Q2,

2014 (https://www. globalwebindex. net/)via wearesocial. net Page 57 of 170 A recent study conducted by TNS Digital Life states that 42%use social media at least once a week,

while 27%use social media every day, or almost every day. These percentages give us an idea of how many people one could reach using social media.

There are notable differences in the geographical use of social networking and social media technologies amongst EU Member States;

the biggest users of social media are UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. However, there is also a generational split as younger people use the Internet less outside social networking sites in all Member States,

while older people who use social networking sites are practically Page 58 of 170 the same as the percentage of Internet users.

The generational split has two main components: 15-39 and over 40. These differences have a major impact on the effective deployment and uptake of social networking and social media by business and public sector organizations.

Romania's intention is to use their good example and drive innovation further in our country,

by tailoring and implementing the good practices used so far, in this field of action. Through this field of action, Romania needs to pursue a revaluing of the current communication process of public entities in Romania, by modernizing communication channels.

The context of this approach is favorable in Romania, as recent statistics (published by Quintly. com),

https://www. quintly. com/blog/2013/02/facebook-country-stats-february-2013-top-10-countries-lose-users/Page 59 of 170 2. 4

. 3 National context Social media Approach in Romania According to Global Web Index via wearesocial. org, in February,

2014 there were 7 mil. social media users across Romania. Based on a study published by Eurostat in December 2012,73%of Romanians are using the internet to read newspapers online.

Posting messages on social media occupies with 48%the second place in the classification of the motivation for using the internet,

followed by searching for tourist services, creation of a website and internet banking, the last reason being claimed only by 8%of users.

However, the most common activities in online environment remain the sending/receiving emails and searching for information about goods and services.

Public institutions in Romania (Ministries, Municipalities) need to involve the citizen, as their primary customer, in their work, their decisions, research and implementation.

Social media and e-petitions are able to increase citizen involvement into the government decisions (acts.

Currently, the Romanian public institutions have low social media representation. Most of those institutions have developed a one way type of communication, reporting information,

but not giving the possibility of real time comments and feedback. 2. 4. 4 Strategic Lines of Development Strategic Lines of Development for Social media in Romania Strategic Lines of Development Lines of Actions

which is cheaper and quicker one of the most useful opportunities of social media (Operational) ) Structure:

Single web portal with access to all public institutions websites and public services. Public institutions websites with real time feedback option implemented.

Communication: Smart use of social media channels: define the user profile, engage and empower him in conversations.

Use of reverse communication mechanisms: proactive notifications and keeping the citizen in the loop Indicators:

Number of people connected to public institutions through social media channels. Number of public initiatives Page 60 of 170 promoted through social media.

Number of ideas, projects validated through relevant conversations facilitated through social media. Responsible: Ministry for Information Society.

All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action Support of use of Social media for promoting governmental initiatives Promoting public debates (Operational) Making data available for the citizens

and increase their involvement to participate in public debates for the impact programs. The citizen may have needs that public institutions can't respond,

Citizen life improvement, administration cost reduction by promoting open data sets or relevant conversations facilitated through social media Responsible:

Ministry for Information Society. All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action Support, sponsorship and empowerment of the citizen for social media communication Support for Open Government Partnership initiative,

as social media is in alignment with the three principles of Open Data: Transparency, Participation and Collaboration (Enabler) Support for use of Big data in public administration (Operational) Indicators:

Number of public initiatives promoted through social media Number of ideas, projects validated through relevant conversations facilitated through social media.

Responsible: Ministry for Information Society. All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action To embed social media as a mainstream channel used routinely to engage with citizens,

business and internally within the government will help the Government and public institutions to: Enable the citizens as business partners in creating a better society by:

o communicating with the citizens in the places they already are, using the channels that they already use o generating relevant conversations,

consulting and engaging them in the decision-making process o becoming more transparent and accountable Page 61 of 170 Promoting the information initiatives of SME's related to the potential of social media for business development and promotion by:

o Helping SME's to generate higher income by extending the activities in the entire EU on a fraction of traditional cost o Assuring equal access to information will increase the surviving rate of SME's which,

to consult and debate o Involvement in the Digital Sunrise Europe initiative. 2. 5 OPEN DATA 2. 5. 1 Introduction Preamble Openness is a concept common to open source, open

government and open data. It is both a philosophy of action and a profession of faith, a practice and a goal.

But its application to the field of public data is not obvious. Open Government Data can be used to help the public better understand what the government does

and how will it performs, and to hold it accountable for wrongdoing or unachieved result.

Also, open data is a contributing factor to innovation in the private sector. As such, where not in conflict with any explicit mention in the law, public entities should make their data publicly available.

The concept of Open Data involves making available to public freely data accessible, reusable and re-sharable.

Open Data is applied in fields such as scientific environment and governmental environment. Open Data relies on 3 principles:

1. Transparency-the data is published by the directly competent institutions and it has to be easy to understand,

amend, reuse and mainly in a standard format in order to allow easy integration in other informational

or analysis systems 2. Participation the data may also be obtained from public demands therefore the citizen-administration interaction is provided

in order to serve their needs 3. Collaboration open data will provide opportunities to work together (improvement of service, generation of data sets) with natural persons,

as well as the groups in the public sector, nonprofit, university and private in order to answer the needs of community Open Data Definition Open data means that data should be freely available to everyone to use

and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control.

The final goals of the open data movement are similar to those of other"Open"movements such as open source, open hardware, open content,

and open access. 2. 5. 2 European Context The European commission work in the area of open data is focusing on generating value through reuse of a specific type of data public sector information,

sometimes also referred to as government data. Page 62 of 170 They are supporting open data for 4 reasons:

Public data has significant potential for reuse in new products and services Addressing social challenges having more data openly available will help us discover new and innovative solutions;

Achieving efficiency gains through sharing data inside and between public administrations; Fostering participation of citizens in political and social life and increasing transparency of government In accordance with the Digital Agenda for Europe,

the Member States can contribute to making open data a reality through the rapid adoption,

transposition and implementation of the revised Directive on the reuse of public sector information. This will create the conditions for economic activity based on open data,

and will stimulate cross-border applications. Open Data place among governmental projects worldwide Commitment Activity Focus Area Number of projects egovernment 199 Open Data 190 Citizen Engagement 131

Access to Information/Freedom of Information 93 Budgets & Financial Planning 79 Sub-national Governance 57 Public servants/Civil service 50 Anti-Corruption 34 Procurement

29 Capacity Building/Training 28 Source: Global Integrity, July 2012 In any case, the national particularities are essential to take into account

Increasing the public access to open data; improving the delivery of public services in electronic format (egovernment;

improving public services increasing public integrity more effectively managing public resources 2. 5. 4 Strategic Lines of development Open Data Approach in Romania Openness and transparency

The Open Data impact on the perception of citizen related to the corruption of the system of public administration is major due to the free,

Freeing up public data and putting it in people's hands can help them have more of a say in the reform of public services.

Concepts Lines of Action Comments Open data making available to public freely accessible data, reusable and re-sharable.

Elaboration of a legal frame related to the free access to open data FOI6 (Strategic) Public open data refers to data generated

The benefits of Open Data proved to be closed to the applicability of using the information,

Thus, the simple collection of data and presentation of it was not enough, the added value to

which the citizens answered was related to data processing and presentation of structured information in order to Identification and achievement of the possibilities of combination and data processing (Operational) Definition and use of relevant standards and format to be used for presentation of data (for example:

open standards)( Strategic) Improvement of the degree of presentation of civil society and its capacity to use

and integrate the 6 FOI Freedom of Information Page 64 of 170 information generated by Open Data (Enabler) support both them and the civil society, in taking certain decisions.

Increase the performance of internal products of data management, which generates a high efficiency and a lower cost.

All public bodies will adhere to this Line Action Responsible for definition of standards and data sets:

The Department for Online services and Design Training for public servants on Open Data concepts (Enabler) Identification of the possibilities of attraction of the necessary funds and concluding partnerships with possible supporters (civil society

, data and information donor, investors etc. Operational) Standardization of procedures Determining a procedure by which the information need of public must be correlated to the publication of certain relevant data sets (Enabler) The public institutions are required to uniform the format of publication of open data

and the form selected should be adjusted to the public preferences. Responsible: The Department for Online services and Design Open data supplied by public institutions should be concentrated within a unique platform on national level Extend the data sets present on www. data. gov. ro (Strategic)

In order to facilitate public access, the existent data was centralised in a list and a permanent supervision system was put in place

in order to secure the observance of norms related to open data. The next major step is stimulating the public authorities to upload more data sets

and update them frequently..The institutions must insure the at least one quarter of data sets published on the common platform has a high value.

Responsible: The Department for Online services and Design 2. 6 BIG DATA 2. 6. 1 Introduction Preamble Page 65 of 170 Big data is a concept

which refers to an informational initiative which solves the issue related to processing high amounts of data within a limited interval.

By high amount of data one understands an interval included between dozens of Terabytes and several Petabytes of information.

An additional challenge is the fact that the data sets proposed for analysis have a high dynamic,

forming a set of data in movement which changes permanently, several times in real time. The third challenge is related to the format in

which such information is encountered and may be approached, varying between structured, semi-structured formats and non-structured formats.

The Big data systems may provide information both to governmental organisations and to citizens from different sources which may be identified as follows:

Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Social media Operational systems available The information provided by Big data systems does not include personal information

or information restricted by mechanisms of control and confidentiality. Big data Definition Big data is the term for a collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on hand database management tools or traditional data processing applications.

There's nothing new about the notion of big data, which has been around since at least 2001. Big data is related with the information owned by your private organization

or public institution obtained and processed through new techniques to produce value in the best way possible. 2 6. 2 European context Data creation is occurring at an unexpected record rate.

Market research analysts believes that organizations that are best able to make real time business decisions using Big data solutions will thrive,

while those that are unable to embrace and make use of this shift will increasingly find themselves at a competitive disadvantage in the market and face potential failure.

Big data, a general term for the massive amount of digital data being collected from all sorts of sources,

is too large, raw, or unstructured for analysis through conventional relational database techniques. Many white papers journal articles,

and business reports have proposed ways governments can use big data to help them serve their citizens

At the European level, the improvement of the analytics and data processing, especially Big data, will allow to:

increase the productivity of all sectors of the economy through improved business intelligence; more adequately address many of the challenges that face our societies;

increase efficiency in the public sector get insights from data that can prevent or deter fraud and abuse Currently, the European Technology Platform for Software and Services NESSI,

together with partners from the FP7 project Big, has drafted a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) on Big data Value for Europe.

The objective of the SRIA is to describe the main research challenges and needs for advancing Big data Value in Europe in the next 5 to 10 years. 2. 6. 3 National context Big data analytics can improve efficiency and effectiveness across the broad range of government responsibilities,

by improving existing processes and operations and enabling completely new ones. After a high level analysis, we discovered that health and human services organizations face constant pressure to collect more revenue,

in reducing operational costs and improve collections. 2. 6. 4 Strategic Lines of Development Big data Approach in Romania Concepts Lines of Action Comments Big data-refers to an informational initiative

which solves the issue related to processing high amounts of data (an interval included between dozens of Terabytes and several Petabytes of information), within a limited interval.

Definition of data sets to be collected. Strategic) Challenges: that the data sets suggested for analysis have a high dynamic,

forming a set of data in movement which changes permanently, several times in real time. The format in which such information is encountered

and may be approached, varies between semi-structured formats and non-structured formats. Responsible: All public bodies will adhere to this Line of Action Collection of data from multiple sources:

Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Social media Operational systems available (Operational) Definition of the analysis process for the data

sets collected. Strategic) Use the Big data concepts in order to optimize, reduce costs or bring value added services Example of fields where Big data project have proven feasible:

-Health (statistical analysis of cases, The Government is increasingly dependant on large variety of programs and services,

which Page 67 of 170 telemedicine, etc.)-Culture-ecommerce-Security (Enabler) produce and require massive amounts of data,

often unstructured and increasingly in real-time The benefits of leveraging Big data concepts include: -Reduced overpayments-Better fraud and abuse-Improve efficiency-Improved program integrity and preservation of limited budgets for eligible citizens Page 68 of 170 3 FIELD OF ACTION

II ICT IN EDUCATION, HEALTH, CULTURE AND EINCLUSION 3. 1 ICT IN EDUCATION 3. 1. 1 Introduction Preamble The education landscape is experiencing radical change

which is redesign of the existing infrastructure of future learning environments. Technology is a high spend consideration for most schools yet smarter spending on the right equipment

computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies and telephony. The benefits are translated into improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of education at all levels

and in both formal and non-formal settings. 3. 1. 2 European context An advanced digital society requires that most citizens can regularly access the Internet and benefit from the opportunities if offers.

and 60%of people in disadvantaged groups using the Internet on a regular basis, and of reducing the percentage of population that has used never it to below 15%.

%A forerunner factor of using computers and the Internet in the learning process is the pupil access to these technologies.

Besides the horizontal measures of improvement in the number of broadband connections, development of digital infrastructure and increase of digital inclusion, the best practices show as appropriate the direct intervention in education, an acceleration factor of digitalization

1. Education by curricular activity based on ICT This kind of education relies mainly on OER resources and Web 2. 0 on learning and evaluation based on projects and e-Portfolio of results of the pupil

Romanian Indicators pertaining to ICT in Education Based on the Eurostat data for 2015, only 1,

the implementation of an ICT infrastructure, complemented by the installation of educational software (for teaching,

and Web 2. 0) in the learning process and in the Life Long Learning process LLL OER implementation efforts imply, in terms of ICT:

lessons, educational content, educational evaluation and research OER is both an open source of digital content,

Ministry of Education with support from Ministry for Information Society Include Web 2. 0 platforms in the learning processes (Enabler) For a more flexible learning process,

a key objective of the European union is the implementation of ICT technologies type Web 2. 0 across all member countries.

Web 2. 0 platforms are used currently for professional development as well as for enhancing training within the classroom.

By using Web 2. 0 tools pupils and students can prepare both complex inter/trans-disciplinary curriculum projects

Social media sites can be used for documentation on innovative concepts such as"classrooms in the mirror"or distribution of the latest Page 72 of 170 Web 2. 0 applications for schools.

Interactive visual materials and additional sources of information provided by the Internet will increase student engagement.

and processing medical data. The increasing processing power of portable devices in particular has led to the development

Strengthening and diversifying the unique integrated health information system Upgrading and consolidation of nomenclatures (classification of diseases groupings etc.

Telemedicine stands for the electronic transfer of the medical data (ex. High definition images, sounds, life video transmissions, recordings related to the patient) from one place to another, at a certain distance.

This transfer of medical data might use different types of technologies including but not being limited only to the technologies

which are listed below regular telephone lines, Internet, Intranet and satellites. Telemedicine is used by the suppliers in a more and more increased number of medical specialties

97%of the Romanian GP practices use a computer during a patient consultation and 65%of them use the computer to electronic storage of individual medical patient data. 7 Romania displays its best

ehealth performance in the area of patient data storage and the use of a computer for consultation purposes.

Half of Romanian practices register administrative patient data and about one-third of GP practices store at least one type of medical electronic patient data.

The electronic transfer of individual patient data has arrived not yet on the agenda of Romanian GPS.

Only 6%of Romanian GP practices exchange medical data with other careers and only around 2%of the practices transfer administrative patient data to reimburse via networked connections.

The exchange of medical data via networked connections is established equally little: only 2%of the GP practices participating in the survey reported having exchanged medical data with other care providers while 4%received results from laboratories this way.

As of 2010 all public hospitals (427) and all family doctors (over 11500) have a minimal IT endowment.

A survey conducted in 2008 showed that 411 public hospitals subordinated to the Ministry of Health had an average of around 8 hospital beds per computer,

half of them used in clinical and pre-clinical fields. ehealth use by GPS in Romania Source:

represents the electronic transfer of medical data (e g. high picture definition, sounds, , live video transmissions, records, all related to patients) from one place to another, at great distance.

This medical data transfer can use various technologies, including-but not limited to the following listing-regular phone lines, Internet, Intranet and satellites.

Telemedicine is used by providers in an increasing number of specialties including dermatology, oncology, radiology, surgery, cardiology and psychiatry.

Ministry of Health with support from Ministry for Information Society Patient-Centric Healthcare Integrated Platform for all the services with easy or e-accessibility and data confidentiality (Strategic) Creating more patient-centric,

coordinated and accountable care requires all service providers share data (Enabler) Healthy life expectancy at birth remains lower than the EU27 Member States (57.1 as compared to 62.2 years in the EU) Unmet medical needs

rehabilitation and health promotion (Enabler) Restrictive view to citizen information hampering welfare services Population coverage by social health insurance system has decreased from 95.9%in 2010 to 85.3%in 2012 Absence

and flexibility for delivery (Strategic) Data portability and real time updates providing more visibility to government functioning (Strategic) According to WB report 2011, healthcare expenditure

and to maximum effect Low hospital staff productivity and lack of transparency and accountability Lack of accurate data on citizens leading to ineffective campaign Page 77 of 170 managements, program planning

remove duplication of data within the system increase the efficiency of the medical and administrative staff remove redundant data of the system improve the process of healthcare delivery avoid errors The patient will not face conflicting information,

Ministry of Health with support from Ministry for Information Society Effective management of information generated by the IT system Analysis of a significant volume of data generated in the healthcare informatics systems

and used for the management of the healthcare system's resources (Enabler) Using Big data to manage the information generated by the IT system will help increase transparency and flexibility of the medical system.

The analysis of the data collected in the system could establish the level of demand and any potential seasonal factors,

EU Goals Supporting the effort of digitization of all European cultural content and providing a platform for aggregating digitized cultural resources with an easy and single access point to information related to the cultural heritage,

and upload them on the Internet. This investment has led to an unprecedented period of technical research and development in the European cultural heritage sector,

when all the organizations, no matter the scale, have developed different models and methodologies for Digitization. The European Digital Library is the maximum interest focus point of the ITC strategy in the field of culture

online accessibility of Europe's cultural heritage needs requires the right conditions for proceeding with digitization, online accessibility and preservation of cultural content.

Stakeholders Responsibilities The European commission Monitors progress towards the implementation of the Commission's Recommendations Facilitates the exchange of information and good practices of MS policies and strategies Europeana Foundation Runs the Europeana. eu

200 Romania as EU's Member State Ministry of Culture (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) Provides most of the funding for digitization

With more than 80 000 visually impaired people living in Romania, the Iasi County Public library approached the Biblionet Romania programme (including voice recognition software and other specialized Internet functions and capabilities

such as email, search engines, online music, chat, and radio broadcasts. with the goal of becoming a specially designated public library branch providing visually impaired persons with access to technology to help them reach their personal and professional goals.

Public libraries Break down Barriers to einclusion Just 19%of disadvantaged people in Romania are regular Internet users

including email, browsing the Internet, online banking and commerce, and social media. National Indicators pertaining to ICT in Culture In order to estimate the necessary ICT investment in culture,

one considered the estimations published on European union level concerning the digitalization of digital content. With respect to the situation and targets undertaken by Romania

Page 81 of 170 Computer access is currently available in around 65%-70%of public libraries in Romania,

Development of Digital Archives of Romania Cultural Patrimony Digitize the Romanian cultural patrimony Operational) The main advantage resulting from the action of digitization of the cultural patrimony of Romania is represented by the preservation of national cultural

specific to the communities from Romania Digitize the cultural content specific to Romanian communities (Enabler) The digitization of the cultural content specific to Romanian communities will have a major impact on the degree of the citizens'awareness

educating the youth the segment of population most active on internet, and with very low preoccupation for traditional occupations and increasing their interest in traditional practices.

App/widget which proposes to its users one cultural event per day, based on smart usage of user's personal profile and her/his current location.

There is a clear need for adequate ICT infrastructure, easy and affordable Internet usage, generalized ability and easier access to useful information.

which aims to end the digital divide, a term used to describe the fact that the world can be divided into people who do

Ability to access ICT networks does not involve people capacities to use the Internet and ICT equipment or tools.

%whereas that of rural environment was of 7. 4%12 9http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/0,,contentmdk:

http://www. worldvision. ro/downloads/allgemein/Raport bunastarea copilului din mediul rural. pdf Page 85 of 170 In what concerns individuals with disabilities in Romania,

Although the tendency of increase of the number of individuals using internet to search for information

%Degree of using computer, depending on residence Number of individuals, aged between 16-74 years using the computer, depending on residence Residence Year Variation 2007-2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total 6, 847,343

6, 719,591 7, 464,651 8, 325,674 8, 401,940 23%Urban 5, 264,183 5, 065,288 5, 428,420 6, 054,078 6, 007,059

there is a clear trend towards uniformity between the two areas of residence, due to reduction of prices of computers in recent years,

ICT should be public to ensure uniform access for the 13 Eurostat, Raport BMI-Romania Telecommunication,

and Internet usage at the regional level (Strategic) Promoting the system of learning together (Operational) Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations:

Special campaigns and trainings (Operational) Promoting opening the learning databases as an opportunity for informal education (Enabler) Provide trainings on the methodology of developing digital skills (Strategic) Provide materials

Ministry of Education with support from Ministry for Information Society Page 87 of 170 4 FIELD OF ACTION III-ECOMMERCE, RESEARCH-DEVELOPMENT

AND INNOVATION IN ICT 4. 1 ECOMMERCE 4. 1. 1 Introduction Preamble The online services play a more and more important role in the everyday life of the European union citizens.

searching for information, communicating by means of the social networks, etc..The electronic commerce continues to increase significantly, even in the context of the actual economic crisis.

In 2013,30%of people living in Europe use ecommerce service. ecommerce Definition ecommerce (Electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World wide web.

Electronic commerce or ecommerce is currently a catalyst for other technologies, such as: electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, social media, electronic data interchange.

For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is used sometimes. 4. 1. 2 European context Online Internet penetration

and purchasing still differ in the various parts of Europe, according to the maturity of the market, the level of trust, the availability of offers, the penetration of reliable payment options, reliable and affordable delivery, Internet-usage and penetration,

and consequently, the number of e-shoppers. European B2c ecommerce is developing extremely well. In 2010 Europe overtook the USA, the biggest market in the world until then.

The total Gross domestic product (GDP) of Europe in 2012 is estimated to have reached around 16 trillion Euro

%ecommerce Europe estimates the share of the European Internet economy at 3. 5, %a percentage that is set to double by 2016 and to triple by 2020.

1. Insufficient regulatory framework established with respect to the offer of online services, regulatory and cross-border. 2. Lack of information of the online services operators and lack of protection of the internet users. 3. Non

purchasing an item over the internet should be a flexible process, facilitated through e-commerce. 4. Too numerous abuses and litigations

Approximately 35%of internet users avoid using online commerce channels due to this factor. Also, the financial costs related to the micro-payments are considered to be excessive by the SME's

4. 1. 3 National context ecommerce Approach in Romania The Eastern European region, led by Russia,

Ecommerce Europe, 2013: e-sales of goods and services National Indicators pertaining to ecommerce According to the data provided by Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2014 for Romania,

only 8%of population aged between 16-74 years has used the internet in 2012 for the acquisition of goods and services for personal use in Romania.

However, the overall trend registered a small increase; this increase started in 2006, when only 1%of the population used the internet for the performance of online shopping,

followed by a fluctuant evolution during the following years. Until 2008 the value of the index increased to 4,

14%of population aged between 16-74 years used the internet for online shopping in 2011,

and to the valued of 8%recorded in 2010.15 Regarding the ecommerce use by the business environment,

or bought services online. 4. 1. 4 Strategic Lines of Development Strategic Lines of Development for ecommerce in Romania Strategic Lines of Development Lines of Action Comments Developing

Data integrity intended alteration of the stored data or of the data transmitted inside the electronic commerce systems.

Data availability intended blockage of the data flows transmitted inside the electronic commerce systems. Data authenticity intended modification of the stored data

or of the data transmitted inside the electronic commerce systems. Data confidentiality accessing personal data stored or transmitted inside the electronic commerce systems.

All the risks and threats mentioned above represent critical situations which can affect in a first instance citizen trust in the utilization of the electronic commerce systems.

Preparation of the strategy and of the framework with respect to the copyright in Romania for the support of the development of the commercial sector with digital content (Strategic) Responsible:

Ministry for Information Society Support from an ICT prospective of aligning the tax collection systems ex.

Ministry for Information Society An important barrier for the development of the e-commerce is represented by the absence of information of the online service operators and internet.

and access offering to 15 Eurostat-Individuals making purchases over the internet, 2013; Eurostat-Individuals purchasing over the internet by regions, 2012 Page 90 of 170 platforms such as Enterprise Network Europe,

and the internet users may be protected through access to Consumer Protection Cooperation network systems (by assuring the protection of personal data,

by promoting the specialized web sites for the comparison of the products provided online and by the development of Trustmarks).

m-Commerce The number of telephones (smartphone) in Romania amounts 2. 5 million and will reach up to 7. 5 million in 2015 based on current global trends.

Smartphones provide instant internet access, the consumers wanting in this context, real-time transactions m-wallet represents the transformation of the mobile telephone in a virtual wallet

Within the ITC sector, 47.2%of the overall turnover recorded in 2011 is generated by the Telecommunication sub-sector, 24.8%by the Software and IT services sub-sector,

and the rest of 28.0%is assigned to the Hardware sub-sector. At the beginning of 2011 in Romania, 14,595 of SMES activated in the ITC field, representing approximately 3%of the total of SMES registered and active in Romania in the same period of time.

by 2020,94%of households will be covered with connection at speeds of above 30 Mbps and only 50%could be covered with connections at speeds of over 100 Mbps with a penetration rate of 26,

%significantly lower than the one specified in the Digital Agenda for Europe. Measures to be assumed at national level In this context,

Thirdly, the Commission adopts various measures within the Radio spectrum Policy in an effort to provide sufficient spectrum for future mobile broadband,

recognizing the increasing use of mobile and Wireless internet. Fourthly, the Commission adopts initiatives to ensure that in the European union ther are available sufficient funds for development in areas that are underserved.

To this end, the structural funds and public financing within the revised Guidelines on State aid for Broadband will contribute to achieve the objectives. 5. 1. 2 European context The Digital Agenda sets ambitious coverage

(i) access to speeds of above 30 Mbps for all Europeans, and (ii) subscription of internet connection above 100 Mbps for 50%or more of European households.

These goals will only be achieved if the infrastructure deployment costs are lowered across the EU. 5. 1. 3 National context Primary Objective New Generation Networks strategy has as its objective the availability of a group of highly advanced, state-of-the-art

telecommunications networks, assuring nationwide coverage. For this purpose, the construction of fiber-optic networks will be promoted with national coverage and a wide spread of distribution points,

as close as possible to the end user and with appropriate levels of symmetry and interactivity, to guarantee a greater two-way transmission of information.

Nevertheless, given the advances developments of the wireless communications sector in Romania, we envisage that these networks will be integrated

and thus complement existing wireless infrastructure constructed according to New Generation Wireless technology (e g. LTE), allowing for mobility,

and extending the levels of access coverage. Thus the primary objective of the National Plan for the Development of NGN Infrastructure is the definition

and planning of political and administrative measures that can stimulate the development of the next generation broadband infrastructure and,

Broadband infrastructure coverage in Romania The coverage by fixed broadband infrastructure of the population and households situated in localities with at least one Internet access services provider has reached 96,

Indicator Status Mobile Internet access 7. 1 M active connections (2012) Broadband internet connections 10. 6m connections (2012) Number of fixed telephony lines 4

ANCOM Market of services of electronic communications, 2012 Broadband services penetration in Romania According to ANCOM's biannual reports, the demand for broadband Internet services recorded a genuine boom starting from 2006

%Romania also provides a broadband Internet coverage for 90%of total population, and 78%coverage for rural area.

Investment in white spots In the underserved (white) areas, as there were defined in Broadband Guidelines,

and increase of companies'competitiveness By ensuring equitable provision of coverage and access to broadband communications across Romania,

many rural areas are white areas, with no broadband coverage. Following the consultation process with electronic communications providers,

Ministry for Information Society During the 2014 2020 budgetary exercise further developments of the national NGN backbone and backhaul coverage will be enabled by the government

The establishment at a national level of a database regarding public properties in view of favoring the identification of future sites for networks and elements of the electronic communications networks.

The simplification of the authorization procedure for the construction of electronic communications networks and related infrastructure.

of enterprises in the TIC field of the overall turnover of enterprises with economic activity(%)4. 1%3. 6%Share of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and service activities

in information technology overall the turnover of enterprises with TIC main activity(%)24.8%30.5%Share of the turnover of enterprises with main activity of telecommunication overall

the turnover of enterprises with TIC main activity(%)47.2%49.8%Turnover of the activity of editing software products and service activities in technology of information (mil. lei) 9959,5 11361,1 Share

of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and service activities in information technology overall the turnover of economic activity(%)1. 0%1. 1%Source:

and in other sectors of economy pursuant to externalities. ecommerce Based on the data supplied by Eurostat,

the percentage of population aged between 16-74 years who used the internet in 2013 to purchase personal goods

when only 1%of population was using the internet for purchases, followed by a fluctuating evolution during the following years.

In capital, the percentage of those aged between 16-74 years and who used the internet for shopping in 2011 was of 14,

Broadband connections and infrastructure of digital services in Romania During the period 30.06.2010 30.06.2012 Romania registered a constant increase of the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points.

the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points increased to 3, 42 million. Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2014 upon Romania is showing for the year 2013 a 90%fixed broadband coverage of total population and a 78%rural fixed broadband coverage.

The NGA broadband coverage reached 66, %with 55%of population shared subscriptions with at least 30 Mbps and 25%of subscriptions were with at least 100 Mbps. The Mobile broadband take-up is 41%in total subscriptions per 100 people.

The 4g mobile broadband coverage is as a 25%of total population. Digital Division between urban and rural

Romania Urban Rural Population 55,1%44,9%Fixed internet access on household level 54,0%16,00%Broadband indicators 20 Eurostat-Individuals making purchases over the internet, 2013;

Eurostat-Individuals purchasing over the internet by regions, 2012 Page 106 of 170 Penetration rate on every 100 inhabitants 26,1%8, 8%Broadband internet connections on fixed

points(%of overall number of connections) 76,9%23,1%>144kbps<2mbps 1, 2%0, 5%>=2mbps<10mbps 15,4%5, 6%>=10mbps<30mbps 27,9

%1, 4%>=30mbps<100mbps 16,8%0, 4%>=100mbps 15,6%15,2%Source: ANCOM Market of services of electronic communications, 2012 Digital Inclusion and Access In 2013,45%of the population was using the Internet regularly (at least once a week), significantly below the EU average of 72%.

%Internet users on a daily basis has reached in 2013 a 32%score. Furthermore, a huge 42%of the population has used still never the Internet,

more than double the rate for the EU average of 20%.%With regard to disadvantaged people, the rate was 24%,30%points below the EU average of 54%.

%Between June, 2010 June, 2012 Romania registered a constant increase of the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points.

If in June 2010 the value of such index was of 2, 93 million, within 2 years, until June 2012,

the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points increased to 3, 42 million. In what concerns the broadband cover per environments of residence, in June 2012 it was registered a penetration rate on 100 inhabitants in urban environment of 26,12%,by only 1, 19%more than in the same period of the year 2011.

The rural fixed broadband coverage scored in 2013 a 78%.%This form of digital divide has been

and will be for several years included on digital agenda of development of Romania, leading indirectly to percentage increases stronger from one year to another of the rate of penetration rural environment,

In what concerns the report between the households with access to internet and those with access to broadband connection it may be noticed in Romania a reduction of the gap in the years.

Whereas in 2006 out of 14%households with access to internet only 5%had broadband connection

In 2013, the coverage of fast broadband, of minimum 30 Mbps was of 55 %and the minimum of 100 Mbps is reached by 25%of total households.

Page 107 of 170 Access to Internet in Romania 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Inhabitants with access to internet(%)38%42%47%54%58%Access

to internet from home(%)28%31%36%N/A 46%Access to internet from workplace(%)10%11%12%N/A 14%Access to internet from institutions of education(%)6

%6%7%N/A 7%Access to internet from other places(%)3%2%3%N/A 3%Source:

Eurostat, 201321 Socio-demographic profile of internet users in Romania In 2013, just over half of the Romanian households (52.9%)have Internet access at home, the majority (73.2%)located in the urban area.

In 2013, the Internet connection was most widespread among households located in the region Bucharest-Ilfov (72.5%of households had followed Internet access at home

by the regions West and North West (58.3%and 56.9%),Southeast (51.2%)and Central (49.5%).

%)The lowest share of households with Internet connection is in the North East (45.7%)and South Muntenia (47.2%)The main segments of Internet users opposite to their occupational status are skilled those of/unskilled workers (20%

whereas the Internet users using mobile connections come significantly as well from the category of contractors, free-lancers,

managers or administrators (13%)Most of internet users come, without significant differences between those using fixed or mobile connections,

%with a higher share of those with three members Mobile broadband penetration has increased but it is still at insufficient quotas and fixed high-speed Internet remains still a privilege of big cities.

In 2012, third generation mobile broadband (HSPA) was available to 96.2%of Romanian population (96.3%in the EU). Meanwhile

4th generation (LTE) was available only for 23.6%of population, compared with the EU average of 26.2%.

%The take-up rate of mobile broadband reached 41%in June 2013, being still below the EU average of 54.5%.

%Public services of egovernment In 2013,5%of citizens in Romania made use of the internet for egovernment services.

On the level of enterprises, 63%of Romanian enterprises are using the Internet up to the 3rd degree of sophistication transactional egovernment services for interaction with public authorities

%and almost 20%are submitting offers through SEAP. 21 http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/portal/page/portal/information society/data/main tables Page 108 of 170 Indicators

Occupied population structure by professional status, in 20121 1temporary data 2 Including member of an agricultural society or of an nonagricultural cooperative Source:

Data calculated for people of work age (15 64 years. Source: Statistical research of work force in households (AMIGO.

2, 7 2, 8 2, 7 2, 8 1estimations. 2disscontinued series 3temporary data.==Missing data.

Source: Eurostat survey, 2012 & 2013 Page 121 of 170 Household coverage with access to internet(%)Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 UE-27 66 70

73 76 Austria 70 73 75 79 Belgium 67 73 77 78 Bulgaria 30 33 45 51 Czech republic 54 61

72,5 70,9 71,2 1disscontinued series 2temporary data.==Missing data. Source: Eurostat survey, 2012 & 2013 Page 123 of 170 APPENDIX 3 SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT FOR EGOVERNMENT AND INTEROPERABILITY Strengths Weaknesses The existence of a strong ICT (Information

and Communication Technology), with national integrators and the presence of the main global ICT companies on the Romanian market The well-developed ICT infrastructure in the big cities,

acquisition of hardware and software does not provide transparency at governmental level Opportunities Threats and constraints The development of an infrastructure for the egovernment of the public services The increase of the public services utilisation degree which are available in the online media The preparation of the coordinated implementation of intra-communitarian projects,

supporting the development of the interoperability The alignment to the e-Governing European structures The increase of the transparency with respect to the public administration act The development of certain technologies such as Cloud computing

and the data centres'management Increase of the utilisation of the online media for the resolution of the citizen's everyday problems Reduced investment funds provided by the state budget The digital division recorded at regional level:

rural-urban The decentralisation of the public authorities and the difficulty to impose to these authorities the utilisation of certain interoperability standards The changes of the political media which can influence the rhythm of growth

and for the improvement of cybernetic security Support for the use of open sources and standards for future facilitation and assurance of interoperability of the informatics systems Introducing technologies such as Cloud computing

and of unitary management systems of data centres for the decrease of administrative expenses and for increasing the effectiveness level of public administration Use of the social media for communication improvement both within governmental institutions as well as for support of activities

Page 125 of 170 SWOT FOR ICT IN EDUCATION Strengths Weaknesses Increase in the internet use within the rural environment The computerisation of the pre-academic system,

development and culture The development of the infrastructure for internet access in Romania The utilisation of the OER and Web 2. 0 technologies for educational purposes, providing flexibility to the educational process The intensification of the transnational collaboration

Page 126 of 170 Development of flexible OER and WEB 2. 0 technologies and their utilisation for educational purposes Promotion of development of digital competencies at European union level among all the

and to support the homogenous internet utilisation among all groups of inhabitants and among all the regions of the country The opportunities

and promotion of the OER and Web 2. 0 instruments'usage for continuous training among adult persons LLL Life Long Learning Detailed conclusions are described in the second field of action.

and of speciality medicine The reporting centralisation at national level The existence of the DRG reporting for the assessment of the hospital's results Providing computers for the family practitioners The absence of a national registry of the persons who suffer from chronic

and analysis of the data resulted from the healthcare's informatics system Low level of interoperability for the applications in the healthcare system Insufficient informatics support (telemedicine) for the customers citizens and patients The lack of

which exist at European level The existence of a significant volume of data generated in the healthcare informatics systems

targeting the utilisation of common standards for the performance of the pan-European communication of these systems Utilisation of certain Big data technologies for the review of data generated by healthcare informatics system

and reporting of these data so that they will stand for management and assignment base of the available resources etc.

Page 130 of 170 SWOT FOR ICT IN ECOMMERCE Strengths Weaknesses The awarding of funds available through the EU 2014-2020 programme The easy and rapid information exchange between the seller and the buyer

providing process flexibility Instantaneous delivery for the digital products (i e. software) The rapid launch of the new products The existence of fake web sites The acceptance of the new on-line payment systems

mobile phones, tablets etc. The preparation of technologies for the monitoring of the fraud attempts of the payment systems and the unique identification of the users The increase of the competitiveness,

and of the internet users Support for development and implementation of online payment and delivery systems in order to achieve flexibility

and facilitation of the product acquisition and delivery services by means of the e-commerce system Easy resolution of abuses and litigations specific for the ecommerce system by means of special organisms provided in this respect Detailed

and constraints The increase of the requests with respect to autonomous systems which include elements of artificial intelligence The increase of the volume of transferable data between the ICT systems The development of new working places by means of the development

Mobility is encouraged also by the high availability of 3g mobile coverage (96) %and the most recent fast development of LTE coverage, driving fixed to mobile substitution.

However, the low purchasing power, the demographic structure of the population as well as the low e-literacy of the older population result in low penetration of Internet connections even in grey and/or black areas;

in addition, there are still many white spots that are covered not by private investments and require public intervention (especially in rural areas) This low take-up is applicable both to fixed access networks as well as mobile broadband

and discourages private investments driving unavailability of financing both for start-ups and existing operators. Opportunities Threats and constraints RONET project laying backhaul will harmoniously complete the NGN developments into an overall NGN Plan for Romania;

Deployment of 4g networks requires significant investment and operators are prudent in coverage plans (Romania has good 3g coverage but below average for 4g).

Page 136 of 170 further developments of the market; The existing access networks provide fast uplink speeds

and IT/Software development hubs as well as providing cloud services to the rest of the European markets.

Directorate for Driving Licenses and Vehicle Registration Concluding contracts Medium Voting 1. Authentication (providing personal data in the ID) 2. Handing the stamp necessary to vote 3. Choosing the candidate 4. Returning

and charges Registration of tax liabilities 1. Filing a statement of assets under property/extra income 2. Registration of data in the register of Local Public Finance Public service High Oct 2013:

if the address from the ownership title does not match with the address from the Fiscal clearance certificate Obtaining a job Registration with a library 1. Communication of personal data 2. Filling in a library sheet,

based on the personal data indicated before 3. Registration in the database of a library Low 11309 libraries in 2012 Source:

National Institute of Statistics Looking for a job 1. Submitting an application to be recorded in the data base of ANOFM 2. Submitting a resume 3. Selecting the areas of interest 4. Depending on the positions available,

General Directorate of Protection of People with Disabilities Programming a medical consult in a hospital 1. Choosing typology hospital as needed 2. Verification of availability 3. Programming 4. Receiving confirmation 1

National Institute of Statistics Page 144 of 170 Family Birth 1. Registration of the newborn to marital status, based on a certificate issued by maternity where the birth took place 2. Submission of data to identify parents

Directorate for Persons Evidence and Databases. Marriage 1. Making an appointment at the registry office 2. Presenting the necessary documents,

3. Verification made by the police to track accuracy offered by the one who made the complaint 4

in order to make sure that all the necessary data is collected for the following phases and that the project will contribute to Romania achieving its Strategic Targets.

and Enabler lines of actions Monitor This phase in the lifecycle of an initiative will check progress against the planned targets

For monitoring purposes, the Ministries will send consolidated data for each initiative to the Technical Economic Committee in a format published by the Ministry for Information Society in

easing the burden of creating the initial documents Ensure that the necessary data is collected for the Monitoring

each public entity will have the recommendation of using these data points as a checklist to confirm against the completeness and accuracy of a project.

Define Execute Control Monitor Statement Current dimension Current Performance Policy Context Process Analysis Information Analysis Priority setup Express Vision Prioritize initiatives Guiding Principles

the public administration will ensure that all the efforts are channeled to a cohesive strategy Government Enterprise Architecture the core initiative for egovernment Creating the legislation

and will include at a minimum the Business, Data, Application, Technology and People perspectives. The main objective of the Government Enterprise Architecture will be to define a uniform set of standards,

data and initiatives o Creating the as-is map with public systems available or in the implementation phase Page 156 of 170 o Creating the to-be roadmap for public administration in terms of Business, Data,

Technology and Applications that adheres to the Digital Agenda Strategy o Developing the National Interoperability Framework (see below more details)

Major outcomes of the National Interoperability Framework should be reducing the number of redundant data sources in public administration

and increasing the ability to provide services that are cross-organization by using standard data formats PURPOSE:

Software Delivery Process, Design Guidelines for the Public Entities, necessary key data points for any public service, system lifecycle management, infrastructure management) PURPOSE:

C1-Center on user needs All public services exist to server their customers, their needs and they should be built,

availability and integrity for data or processes in order to ensure trust in that specific public service. C6-Be accessible-Identify

a series of information systems need to be created. These will act as the knowledge base for the committee

The first system is the National Register for Information systems (NRIS which will hold general and specific information pertaining to information systems in Romania (Authority, Description, Funding, Technical Components, Supplier, Integrations with other systems, Lifecycle status, Exceptions etc..

This system needs to be integrated fully and automated with the e-Procurement system and needs to make its data available to the general public and to other public entities.

The committee will use this system for Knowledge management and it will update it based on the Evaluation Forms used for evaluating ICT investments in Romania.

END OF 2016 The second system, National Register for Data and Metadata (NRDM), will act as the repository for data standards

data sets and types of data handled by a specific project). This system will evolve into automated access gateway to all the National Registers.

This will ensure that the appropriate owners of data at the Government level are responsible and accountable for data

Clear responsibilities for data sets and data types will be identified and defined by the Technical Economical Committee

and steps will be taken to safeguard against public entities using data sets which are provided not by the responsible bodies.

KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR DATA TYPES AND DATA STANDARDS. REDUCING OVERLAPPING RESPONSABILITIES ON THE DATA IN ROMANIA. RESPONSIBLE:

TECHNICAL ECONOMICAL COMMITTEE SUPPORT: ALL PUBLIC ENTITIES TIMELINE: END OF 2016 Governing rules for Broadband Infrastructure Mapping and a detailed analysis of the coverage:

ANCOM to implement a mapping of the national telecommunications/broadband infrastructure as per obligations imposed by Law 154/2012.

Public consultation All measures will be communicated publicly and public consultation will allow stakeholders and public opinion to be expressed, at the national level..

The most beneficial bid in economic terms Page 160 of 170 In the context of a competitive bidding procedure, the authority granting support will establish qualitative award criteria based on which the submitted bids will be evaluated (e g. addressing coverage priorities

Authority for Communications Ministry of Interior Ministry of Labour Ministry of Defence Ministry of Education Special Telecommunications Service Ministry of Health Ministry of Transport Ministry of Public Finance

for the Software and Electronics industry National Association for Internet service providers Association of Producers and Distributors of ITC Equipments Romanian Association for Telecom Operators Association for Technology and Internet EOS Foundation Romania

of European Funds-National Strategy on Digital Agenda for Romania-Cloud computing in public sector-Fast access internet broadband-Presenting the socioeconomic study for the Digital Agenda Romania-Debate

& Conclusions Date July 9th 2013 Page 164 of 170 APPENDIX 7 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC INDICATORS MAPPING Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions

to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet

indirect indirect direct direct Page 165 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online

sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms

%of citizens/businesses using the online services pertaining to Life Events to obtain information. direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect direct direct%of citizens/businesses using the online services to download official forms for Life Events indirect

Events for complete electronic transactions. direct direct indirect direct indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct%of data registries implemented pertaining to Life Events from the overall data registries of Life Events. indirect indirect

indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect Page 166 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps

Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population

that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms%of staff costs related to IT services (from an overall budget for each entity) direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect

indirect indirect#of cyberattacks/threats registered by the Government on private data indirect indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct direct Achieve a Cluster 3 rating for Maturity based on EU

indirect direct direct#of applications performed based on Big data. direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect direct direct#of public initiatives promoted by social media. direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect

indirect#of companies supported related to communication by social media. direct indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect Page 167 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered

by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet

Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms#of data sets and reports available for public use. direct indirect indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct#of social projects/applications developed using open data direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect direct direct indirect

indirect indirect#of applications developed using Big data databases direct direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect%individuals using the internet regularly. direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect

indirect%individuals from the category of those disfavored using the internet. direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct indirect%of pupils trained with TIC skill. indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct direct%education facilities using OER,

Web 2. 0 in education direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct indirect%LLL resource e-learning systems direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect direct direct indirect direct indirect

#of application developed using Big data databases direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect%of data registries identified

and implemented. direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect#of applications performed based on Big data. direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect

indirect Page 168 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above

30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage

overall Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms#of localities

and medical centers benefiting from telemedicine services. direct direct direct direct indirect indirect direct direct indirect direct direct%of households benefiting from access to telemedicine services direct indirect indirect direct indirect indirect direct direct indirect indirect indirect%of representatives

or similar. direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect#of application developed using Big data databases direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect

uploaded in Europeana direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect%individuals using the internet regularly direct direct direct direct indirect indirect direct direct indirect indirect indirect%individuals from the category of those disfavored using the internet

. direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect direct direct%of individuals who have used never the internet direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct indirect direct direct direct direct Page 169 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband

above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage

overall Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms%of pupils trained with TIC skill. indirect indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect direct direct

Web 2. 0 in education. direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct indirect#of application developed using Big data databases indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect

indirect%SMES which receives orders online direct direct indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect%individuals who use the internet to order goods and services from other

direct direct indirect direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect%individuals who use the internet to order goods

direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct Page 170 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales

Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms%of individuals

direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct#of broadband internet connections direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct#of fixed telephony lines indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect direct indirect indirect indirect

direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect Investments in infrastructure direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct#of households with access to internet broadband (at least 30mbps) indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct

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