greater interoperability, boosting internet trust and security, much faster internet access and better investment in research and development.
medical management tools and telecommunication to develop novel applications for the management of epilepsy. It will deliver non-intrusive personal health system (PHS) for monitoring
The pilot was carried out in three different sites Spain, Greece and Norway where it developed insights into local structural and operational barriers to overcome for further development of Integrated Care Services.
such as tele-care, tele-medicine and elderly-friendly videoconference), which help to prolong independent living
The services were tested in six pilot sites across Europe over the last 24 months of the project.
whose majority experienced an increased sense of security. 15 DREAMING DREAMING integrated familiar devices-such as blood pressure cuffs, mobile phones and TV-in a single platform.
Thanks to the videoconference facility, the elderly can request help or receive virtual visits by caregivers, family and friends.
The feedback on the prototype has been generated so far by cyclic on site user validations on a pan-European scale.
and socialise better Only 20%of the elderly are active internet users. They can communicate more
and currently used in sites in Spain, UK and France, reaching more than 1750 users as well as successfully serviced outside of the project's framework in two locations in Spain.
2008-2010 20 several user trials in different sites throughout Europe. The project also resulted in a comprehensive rehabilitation programme that can be followed in health care
GUIDE puts a dedicated focus on the emerging Web & TV platforms and services (Connected TVS, Set-Top Boxes, etc..
While the passive use (e g. reading information) of public authorities'websites has remained pretty stable over the past years,
which addresses these challenges by ensuring that public sector websites are fully accessible by 2015. The Plan is requesting Member States to formally agree on a common list of key cross-border public services and implement seamless crossborder e-Government services in the EU single market.
transport, telecommunication and ICT networks for the 2014-2020 period. The proposal foresees to support investment in the provision of cross-border digital services in key areas including eprocurement,
in electronic form via internet in a fast, secure and certified way. It was very important to collaborate closely with the STORK project on the recognition of electronic identity for anyone accessing the services network. 1 http://ec. europa. eu/budget/reform/documents/com2011 0665 en. pdf ECRN The project's main objectives were:
Thanks to ICT-particularly social media-more and more citizens are able to take direct part in political debate.
the platform widget is made available also on social media channels and mobile devices. Puzzled by Policy Users can compare graphically their views on immigration with national and EU immigration policies,
2010-2013 30 In a similar vein, the Immigrationpolicy 2. 0 project uses state-of-the-art ICT technologies (including Web 2. 0
and social networking) to pilot a range of citizencentred services (e g. searchable inventories on national migration policies and related legislation).
It provides a Social networking space Ourspace where young Europeans can express their thoughts on politics society, economy and debate them with politicians and peers across Europe.
or impossibility of finding information and services provided by local public authorities on the internet.
We have grown accustomed to the benefits brought by the Internet, smartphones, and the visible and invisible computing power around us.
The Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) recognises that the Internet has proved to be remarkably secure, resilient and stable.
Only 12%of European web users feel completely safe making online transactions. 38%of users had concerns with the safety of online payments
security of networks the internet has become a critical information infrastructure, encompassing IT systems and networks across the globe.
by strengthening cross-border cooperation and information exchange. trust in technology 74%of EU Internet users in 2012 think that the risk of becoming a victim of cybercrime has increased in the past year.
who start using Internet from the age of 7, need quality content online to stimulate their imagination
and tools for using the Internet safely and responsibly. A combination of policies is required to deliver a Better Internet for Children.
The Strategy for a Better Internet for Children proposes a series of actions to be undertaken by the Commission
Member States and the whole industry value chain. To meet those objectives and to keep our society secure
Defending ICT infrastructures The Internet has evolved significantly over time and people have come to depend on it for a number of activities such as voice and video communications, social networking, online banking, e-government and shopping.
Trust is the core of social and economic activity in the Internet, and is the basis of economic transactions, social connections,
and communication between people and organisations. As we increasingly rely on broadband networks, it is extremely important to make them more secure and trustworthy
or deliberate failure. 35 Over the past decade we have witnessed an ever-increasing amount of cyber attacks on the Internet.
Current trends in Internet applications such as Web 2. 0, cloud computing, and the Internet of things are bound to bring more pervasive data collection,
and to engage a think-tank in discovering the threats and vulnerabilities of the Current and Future Internet;
In digital interactions such as social networks and forums individuals are leaving a lifelong trail of personal data.
Every day people use the Internet for purposes ranging from accessing information to electronic commerce and e-banking, to interactions with government bodies.
2010-2014 38 Secure and trustworthy service infrastructures Today, tens of millions of users rely on the internet to do business and access a wide variety of applications and services.
Examples include banking transactions, voice over ip, e-government services, e-commerce and business-to-business interactions. Trustworthy applications and services,
The Future Internet will provide an environment in which a diverse range of services are offered by a diverse range of suppliers.
and trust management on the Future Internet; develop an integral framework to support secure interoperation
The project has developed Energy Life, a web-based solution for mobile phones which makes users become aware of the power consumption of their home appliances in real time, with the overall target of reducing power consumption in households by 15%.
helping users to monitor their consumption via mobile phones and adopt energy-saving behaviours. The solution uses gaming
and easily obtain information on their energy consumption through a web-based platform. http://esesh. eu/project/Funded by the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT PSP)- Competitiveness & Innovation Programme (CIP) Duration:
It enhances existing deployment strategies by moving computation and services around a federation of data centres sites.
based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a major difference to these figures. For example, the European commission's ecall system saves lives by having the car automatically dial 112 Europe's single emergency number in case of a serious accident
including the exact location of the crash site. ecall is to be introduced in all new models of passenger cars and light-duty vehicles,
Agenda for Europe http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda https://www. facebook. com/?/ref=tn tnmn#!/
/information society/activities/health http://ec. europa. eu/information society/tl/qualif/health https://www. facebook. com/?
#/ehealthinfso http://www. ehgi. eu http://blogs. ec. europa. eu/neelie-kroes/innovating-healthcare/@EU EHEALTH@EU EHEALTHWEEK 50 Public services https://ec. europa
. eu/digital-agenda/en/digital-life/government https://www. facebook. com/?/ref=tn tnmn#!/#/pages/EGOV-Infso/138369062922852@EU-egov Digital Social Platforms https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/node/1106 http://www. aal
/en/telecoms-internet/cybersecurity http://www. enisa. europa. eu/@EU TRUSTSEC Smart Cities and Sustainability https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/node
and in value webs for particular manufacturing industries. By adopting ICT, households and businesses increase their geographic reach and potential for network contact through an interplay between physical and virtual activities, also named human extensibility (e g.
) Similarly, the capability of a videoconference being a substitute for a conference that requires several people to travel to a single meeting place is quite real,
Videoconferencing technology will undoubtedly improve over the coming years in terms of visual quality, more user-friendly systems,
and distributed modes, the latter enabling participation in such conferencing from one's computer as opposed to a videoconference room,
but may cause new travel demand due to successful social networking. E-working (at home or tele-center) Reduces travel needs for individuals concerned
E-office (internet, e-mail, portable computers, tele-servicing) Possibly reduces travel during work. May cause increase of long distance travel because of more on the move-move working options.
E-meeting (tele-and videoconferencing) Reduces travel needs to a limited extent, cannot substitute keymeetings (evaluation, preparation of major decisions, kickoff meetings, etc);
value webs and models of remote diagnostics and monitoring (van Geenhuizen, 2005; Kenney and Curry, 2001;
Lake, 2003)( table 3). The changes in value chains range from withdrawal from wholesale and retail segments (disintermediation) to the transformation of value chains into value webs.
The latter are sets of fluid congregations of businesses coming together on the Internet to create value for customers.
Configuration of value webs Influence on transport demand depends on underlying optimization, e g. transport costs, production and delivery time, best available product quality.
and service centers (telecommuters) and relocation at a greater distance from key suppliers (customers)( web-based companies).
i e. reinforcing ongoing trends in business strategies (like globalization) or opening up ways to new business models (like network and web-based models);
whether it is fixed or in-vehicle (mobile), and whether it concerns private or public transport or both (table 4). Black and Van Geenhuizen European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 49 Table 4. ICT applications,
In more advanced applications, mobile (in-vehicle) applications are being integrated with the fixed applications to arrive at a better fine-tuning of the systems
Upon arrival at the problem site, the objective is to remove the obstacle to flow
E-commerce and the Power of the Internet. In: Leinbach, T. R. and Brunn, S d. eds.
Internet Adoption, Urban Systems and Sustainable Transportation: Evidence from The netherlands and the United states. STELLA Focus Group 2 Synthesis meeting, Budapest, 22-23 april 2004.
Newton's Telecom Dictionary. New york, Flatiron Publishing. ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 60 NRC-Handelsblad (2005.
such as creating a business website and using it profitably, learning to use e-commerce tools to buy or sell,
clinical and executive leadership committed to a 10 to 15 year transformation programme. 2 ehealth is Worth it, the economic benefits of implemented ehealth solutions at ten European sites, Karl
Citizens are made aware of these improvements every day through the news media and the internet, and will come to expect effective and safe medical care as a matter of course.
inform and collaborate via the internet also promotes patient engagement, independent living and better self management,
It allows patients to book appointments on site at the surgery, over the phone or over the internet in the way that is most convenient for them.
which a patient ought to be referred. 4. 7 Personal Health Record The Personal Health Record (PHR) is based an Internet patient owned and patient controlled set of tools that allow people to access
York Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust have converged a voice and data network with almost 4000 phones and over 2000 PCS.
using wireless phones which integrate with the hospital's patient record. There are two main routes for emergency admissions into the Hospital.
and send a message to the wireless phone on the on-call doctor (s) while the ward will also be notified of the pending admission, through it appearing on their own wardlist and electronic whiteboard.
From either a wireless phone or a computer screen on the ward, the medical staff will be able to see some basic details of the patient including the reason for admission,
and a further message is sent to the wireless phone, informing the doctor that the patient is present.
The doctor, using the phone, can acknowledge and accept the admission, which lets others know they have accepted the responsibility of attending the patient.
A list of my patients is always accessible on the wireless phone. The staff on the ward can see that the patient has been accepted using the electronic whiteboard
when time is available instead of being tied to the phone. Patients can renew their prescriptions online,
healthcare professional can schedule a Web conference, which enables multiple doctors to collaborate in real time and to share documents
Gartner, July 2009, Swedish Ministry of Health and Social affairs ehealth is Worth it, the economic benefits of implemented ehealth solutions at ten European sites, Karl A. Stroetmann, Tom jones
-BT Cerner Cisco systems dabl Disease Management Systems DMF Systems ecom Ireland Garivo Technologies GE Healthcare IBM IMS MAXIMS Intel Microsoft
China is not competing with other countries in the supply of iphones, but rather in the supply of finalassembly services,
which form only a small portion of the iphone's final price. Accounting for a country's supply-chain position,
and user-friendly access control. 1 Introduction The high bandwidth connectivity provided by the Internet enables new services to support citizens in their daily lives.
while new propositions are based on the Internet. One of the important impediments for the use of the Internet is the lack of trust.
Trust is a requirement for the widespread adop-tion of healthcare services by clients (patients
The creation of national/regional EHR infrastructures such as RHIO's in the US, the NHS Spine project in the United kingdom and NICTIZ in The netherlands, is complemented with efforts on creating commercial Web-based personal health
RPM systems combine consumer electronics and the Internet to connect patients and their care providers,
This notion is new for electronic healthcare services (and for Internet services in general), and it is fundamental for their success. The objective of THECS is to create new techniques for measuring
Reputation systems have been studied in the literature for different domains, such as auction websites and peer-to-peer sharing networks 19.
where patients rate the services of doctors and healthcare providers via a web portal or a health oriented network 20,
Additional problems appeared with the growing use of web portals rating healthcare services. Patients often subscribe to expert websites and search information regarding their illness on the Internet.
Although this practice may have advantages, the major drawback concerns the trustworthiness of information. For instance, in Revolution Health3 and other similar online community reputation systems
a method for measuring the trustworthiness of information originating from the Internet should be integrated. An interesting research challenge is
thus the design of solutions for measuring information trustworthiness for home healthcare addressing also the trust issues related to data coming from the Internet.
One example is Google dashboard privacy tool, which through a web interface displays to users what information about them is stored
and who can access it. Similarly social networks such as Facebook let users restrict or grant access to other users or groups on their data (e g.,
, wall posts, photos. Although these proposals provide a simple and straightforward solution, they neither allow users to understand the effect of the specified policies nor ensure secure access control.
enforceable policies can be dynamically customizable with respect to user preferences. 5 Conclusions The growth of the Internet
A Semantic web Technology Based Approach to Identify Hypertensive Patients for Follow-up/Recall. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, IEEE (2008) 318 323 9. Reiter, H.,Maglaveras, N.:
Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence 1 (2)( 2009) 110 118 15. Petrou, C.:
Access control in the Web 2. 0. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Online Social networks.
2007) 43 48 30. Giuri, L.,Iglio, P.:Role templates for content-based access control. In:
Copyright UNU-WIDER 2010 1 Indian Institute of Science, email: bala@mgmt. iisc. ernet. in, 2 Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, 3 Indian Institute of Science.
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This was the case in Canada, where through the combined implementation of new approaches to care delivery, guidelines and the use of a web-based chronic disease management toolkit,
Data from 22 sites in British columbia show that report 14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
In Australia, for example, electronic claiming over the internet has been available since 2002 when Medicare Online was introduced.
for example, to implement a locally developed web-based electronic messaging and patient management system in Western australia
In Australia, the Great Southern Managed Health Network developed a secure web-based electronic messaging system that is being now rolled out in the most remote areas of the region with start-up funding of AUD 1. 8
Implementation involved the development of an interim, web-based information system for three chronic conditions: diabetes, congestive heart failure and major depressive disorder.
was conducted on data extracted for 22 sites in British columbia. The analysis showed that report turnaround time decreased following the implementation of PACS by 41%(mean turnaround time decreased from 60.8 hours pre-PACS to 35.9 hours post-PACS.
60 All sites Rural sites Sites without on-site radiologist%decrease Source: Northern Health Authority (British columbia.
In Australia, electronic claiming over the internet has been available since 2002 when Medicare Online was introduced.
making it difficult for them to evaluate acute stroke patients on site when needed. In addition
Assessing The Evidence, Health Affairs, Supplement Web Exclusives, pp. W5-97-107. Stroetmann, K. A t. Jones, A. Dobrev and V. N. Stroetmann (2006), E-Health Is Worth It:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Solutions at Ten European Sites, DGINFSO, European commission, Brussels. Walker, J. M. 2005), Electronic Medical records and Health care
2005), The Value of Health care Information Exchange and Interoperability, Health Affairs, Supplement Web Exclusives, pp.
Benefits may appear at one site and in one budget, while a large share of the cost commitments appear at another site and in another budget.
In addition, there are no incentives, and may even be disincentives for care providers to be the first to adopt ICTS (Taylor et al.,
and patient management systems provided over the web via an application service provider (ASP). In the United states, the MAEHC has performed traditional in-office implementations of EHRS in each of the physician's practices located in the three pilot communities.
such as phone consultations or using electronic media to communicate with patients. The empirical evidence that FFS payment schemes tend to result in the over-provision of services and the under-provision of coordinated,
postal mail, phone 2 Machine transportable data transmission of nonstandard information via basic ICT; information within the document cannot be manipulated electronically.
Sharing sensitive patient data in a large and heterogeneous environment through the use of web-based applications raises a series of privacy and security issues.
2005), The Value of Health care Information Exchange and Interoperability, Health Affairs, Supplement Web Exclusives, pp.
Payment for electronically-delivered care (e g. consultations by email: which offers direct payment for new categories of care
or services related to the use of ICTS (e g. use of emails or telemedicine). Withholding payments from providers:
and most (78.3%)had speed a high Internet connection. Over half these practices (55.6%)had received a PIP payment for information technology/information management,
The toolkit is based a web software developed by the B c. Health Ministry with a Health Canada's Primary Health care Transition Fund grant.
The complex care e-mail/telephone follow-up management fee To encourage the use of e-visits, from 1 january 2008,
a complex care e-mail/telephone follow up management fee at a rate of CAD 15 (payable up to a maximum of four times per year/per patient) was made also available.
This fee enables the practice to use two-way telephone or e-mail communication with the patient or the patient's medical representative to follow-up case.
The Economic Benefits of Implemented e-Health Solutions at Ten European Sites, DGINFSO, European commission, Brussels. Tripathi, M. 2007), Massachusetts e-Health Collabortive, AHRQ
running at vendor facility with jurors and proctors observing via simultaneous Web conference/audio conference.
to implement a locally developed web-based electronic messaging and patient management system in Western australia
Access is related to the availability of equipment and internet connections. Availability, relates to the question of how many different types of ICT application are available and
Wennberg, J. E.,E s. Fisher and J. S. Skinner (2002), Geography and the Debate over Medicare Reform, Health Affairs, Supplement Web Exclusives, pp.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Annex A. Country case studies The Great Southern Managed Health Network (GSMHN) in Western australia Key achievement The GSMHN is delivering web-based
and most (78.3%)had speed a high internet connection. Furthermore, GSGPN survey results from 2006 indicated over 80%of Western australia practices using computers for both clinical and administrative functions.
A tangible by-product of Physician Connect has also been the capability to access web-based clinical decision support tools such as the chronic disease management (CDM) Toolkit.
training and support (e g. by providing help with data entry), reimbursement for complex care e-mail/telephone follow-up,
Adoption of the chronic disease management (CDM) toolkit The CDM self evaluation toolkit is based a web software developed by the B c. Health Ministry.
A tangible by-product of the adoption of Physician Connect has been the capability to access web-based clinical decision support tools such as the CDM toolkit.
which patients are asked specifically to agree to as needed electronic exchange of their clinical data between clinical sites (however,
which the Internet is not acceptable. Subsequently, in 2001 when the first large scale e-prescription implementation effort began in Stockholm county,
In addition, patients have ready Web access to their entire medication lists as prescribed and can be printed easily in preparation for physician consultations.
These applications are being tested in pilot sites since 2007. The WDH provides the out-of-hours GP and allied health professionals with a summary of the patient's history
In the appendices (only available in the web version please look at www. vinnova. se) there is a presentation of the methodological approach that has governed the work processes.
and also used IT-tools such as Linkedin (www. linkedin. com) and Projectplace (www. projectplace. com) in order to facilitate collaboration.
and Linkedin) in order to extend meeting formats and facilitate communication and networking beyond physical meetings. Some of the more important conclusions and lessons learned using this approach have been the following:
The lesson learned is that IT tools need active promotion and support at participants'sites,
task forces and facilitate social networks etc. Without this champion organisation, any effort will not be sustainable. 4 Summary of the findings from IPF IMPROVING INNOVATION SUPPORT TO SMES 13 4. 2 Tool Set in order to support the methodology
which stimulates public organisations to post their challenges on to a website that facilitates crowd sourcing of solutions.
This site gathers and brings forward challenges that different government agencies have in one place. Through this site it has been possible to reach a broader audience as compared to their normal speaking partners.
This has resulted in new ideas and actors coming in touch with the government. To stimulate demand on innovation is broader than public procurement
like the Swedish regulatory changes that allowed employers to provide their employees with cheap PCS which in turn drove demand of broadband and Internet services.
and ii) a computer or web interface, linking sites, searches and application forms together. Mentoring type service delivery
precluding the use of data-heavy websites. Limited numbers of sectors or limited number of companies are to be helped.
Computer or web interfaces on the other hand are relatively cheap to run but still need staff to update links
Computer or web interfaces are suited in the following circumstances when: Clients are computer and internet savvy.
Access to broadband services are widespread. Clients that are sophisticated more require funding and limited advice rather than handholding, in depth reviews and advice on improving performance.
An interesting example is the Enterprise One scheme run by SPRING Singapore that gathers support on a web
Host and manage a public online forum for discussions, like Linkedin group Innovation Policy Forum.
Alibaba, a Chinese online sales company, is now larger than Amazon and ebay combined, and still growing (Osawa et al, 2014).
For example, improved telecommunications has created a new market for remote medical and telehealth services, such as the delivery of clinical services through videoconferencing and remote monitoring of health conditions.
Advances in technology have made also it possible to coordinate complex production processes across borders (Elms & Low, 2013.
The emergence of global technology-based giants like Google and the different models of business they bring,
(or the accompanying changes and disruptions to existing business models brought by the internet). Nor could many have confidently foretold the extent of China's spectacular recent growth and its soaring demand for minerals and energy.
) Canada is promoting competition in the telecommunications sector, including by capping wholesale domestic roaming rates to prevent wireless providers from charging other companies more than they charge their own customers (Government of Canada, 2014).
Examples of unnecessary divergence from international standards can be submitted at the cuttingredtape. gov. au website.
The OECD has suggested that the Australian economy would benefit from a shift toward less mobile
and intimidation, including those relating to the Myer Emporium site in August 2012, the Little Creatures brewery site in Geelong in late 2012,
Subscribers to broadband internet grew thirteen-fold from 2003-04 to 2011-12 and mobile phone users almost doubled (BITRE, 2013b;
and regulatory regimes that ensure the benefits of low cost distribution via the internet are passed on to businesses and consumers.
The Government is providing $100 million for the Mobile Black Spot Programme to improve mobile coverage in regional Australia
and stimulate competition by rolling out new mobile base stations. The Government is committed also to starting the detailed planning necessary to build new dams to ensure water security for communities and industries.
Infrastructure for the future The Government has confirmed Badgerys Creek will be the site of Western Sydney's much-needed future airport.
Founder and Director, Penny Street, says‘being the first audio tour company in India didn't mean we enjoyed instant success'.The company researched the country's most visited sites
Delivered through an improved business. gov. au website and hotline, the new Single Business Service will enable businesses of all sizes to efficiently find the information
Crowd-sourced equity funding The internet has facilitated the development of new fund raising markets which can turn clever ideas into new businesses.
The Government will use the cuttingredtape. gov. au website to invite submissions to identify examples of divergence from international standards.
and Cabinet website (see http://www. dpmc. gov. au/guidelines/)./TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 108 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 112
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