telecommunication

Synopsis: Ict: Communication systems: Telecommunication:

WEF_GlobalInformationTechnology_Report_2014.pdf

and Communication Technology Industries Aurélie Corre, Team Coordinator, Telecommunication Industry Aurélien Goutorbe, Senior Content Manager, Telecommunication Industry Qin He, Associate Director, Telecommunication

Industry William Hoffman, Associate Director, Head of Personal data Initiative Dimitri Kaskoutas, Senior Community Associate, Telecommunication Industry Danil Kerimi, Director, Government affairs, Information

Marcus (World Economic Forum) Foreword vii John Chambers (Cisco systems) Foreword ix Cesare Mainardi (Booz & Company) Executive Summary xi Beñat Bilbao

and Bruno Lanvin (INSEAD) 1. 2 The Internet of Everything: How 35 the Network Unleashes the Benefits of Big data Robert Pepper and John Garrity (Cisco systems) 1. 3 Big data Maturity:

An Action Plan 43 for Policymakers and Executives Bahjat El-Darwiche, Volkmar Koch, David Meer, Ramez T. Shehadi,

and Patrick Ryan (Public Policy Division, Google, Inc.)1. 9 Making Big data Something 87 More than The next Big Thing Anant Gupta (HCL Technologies

Cisco systems I never cease to be amazed by the speed of innovation. Change is the only true constant,

I believe we are currently experiencing the biggest fundamental change the world has seen since the initial development of the Internet as people, processes, data,

We call this the Internet of Everything (Ioe), and it is having a profound impact on individuals, businesses, communities, and countries.

the Internet of Everything represents a US$19 trillion global opportunity to create value over the next decade through greater profits for businesses as well as improved citizen services, cost efficiencies,

Several major transitions in technology each important in its own right are combining to make the Internet of Everything possible.

with Internet protocol (IP) networks playing an increasingly central part by seamlessly connecting disparate IT environments.

what is next such as the emergence of the Internet of Everything. We have seen this before,

The network also facilitates the growth of applications, a key driver of the Internet of Everything.

Applications already provide an integral way that consumers experience the Internet of Everything with the number of applications growing from 10 billion downloads in 2010 to 77 billion by 2014.

As this trend continues, we expect the Internet of Everything to drive massive gains in efficiency, business growth,

and quality of life, helped along by thousands of new Iot applications. These applications will require building new end-to-end Iot infrastructures,

and helps to identify where more can be done to accelerate the Internet of Everything's positive impact on the world in

and managing economic activity based on the new opportunities that the Internet provided for businesses. 1 At present,

Big data can take the form of structured data such as financial transactions or unstructured data such as photographs or blog posts.

chips) and social trends (such as the widespread adoption of social media. Our collective discussions, comments, likes, dislikes,

Overall, their performance in terms of ICT readiness, with excellent digital infrastructures and robust innovation systems, allows them to score very highly both in ICT use with almost universal Internet use, for example and in innovation performances.

with more than 90 percent of its population using the Internet and high levels of technological and non-technological innovation.

These include the country's already good business and innovation environment (7th) and improvements in its ICT infrastructure (4th), notably in terms of wider access to international Internet bandwidth per user.

mobile telephony and by expanding the number of Internet users, which in some countries such as South africa has doubled almost.

The Internet of Everything: How the Network Unleashes the Benefits of Big data Chapter 1. 2,

contributed by Robert Pepper and John Garrity from Cisco systems, details how Internet protocol (IP) networks underpin the concept of the Internet of Everything (Ioe)

and explores how IP networks accelerate big data's transformational impact on individuals, businesses, and governments around the world.

There must be robust highspeed Internet networks, an educated workforce, and consumer trust in the services,

and Patrick Ryan at Google, focuses on the social and economic value of data, but from the point of view of use

and managing economic activity based on the new opportunities that the Internet provided for businesses. 1 At present,

Big data can take the form of structured data such as financial transactions or unstructured data such as photographs or blog posts.

chips) and social trends (such as the widespread adoption of social media. Our collective discussions, comments, likes, dislikes,

Google uses big data to predict the next wave of influenza. 2 IBM uses data to optimize traffic flow in the city of Stockholm,

international Internet bandwidth, secure Internet servers, and electricity production) as well as the accessibility of digital content.

either via mobile telephony or fixed broadband Internet, as well as the level of competition in the Internet and telephony sectors that determine this cost.

The skills pillar (four variables) gauges the ability of a society to make effective use of ICTS thanks to the existence of basic educational skills captured by the quality of the educational system, the level of adult literacy,

The individual usage pillar (seven variables) measures ICT penetration and diffusion at the individual level, using indicators such as the number of mobile phone subscriptions,

individuals using the Internet, households with a personal computer (PC), households with Internet access, both fixed and mobile broadband subscriptions,

and the use of social networks. 2014 World Economic Forum The Global Information technology Report 2014 7 1. 1:

The Networked Readiness Index 2014 The business usage pillar (six variables) captures the extent of business Internet use as well as the efforts of the firms in an economy to integrate ICTS into an internal, technology-savvy,

primarily by international organizations such as International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World bank, and the United nations. International sources ensure the validation and comparability of data across countries.

with more than 90 percent of its population using the Internet and with high levels of technological and non-technological innovation.

Improving the already very high number of Internet users (29th) or households with a personal computer and Internet access (11th) to the level of some Nordic countries, coupled with reducing the cost of accessing fixed broadband Internet (now at 87th),

with nearly all individuals having access to a computer (1st) with an Internet connection at home (3rd),

95 percent are Internet users and more than 90 percent have access to a personal computer (5th) and Internet (4th) at home.

In addition, the country benefits from a stable pro-business and innovation environment (6th) and a government that is aware of the importance of ICTS for the economic and social development of a geographically vast nation with a widely dispersed population.

business and innovation environment (7th) and improvements in its ICT infrastructure (4th), notably in terms of wider access to international Internet bandwidth per user.

and an Internet connection at home and uses the Internet; businesses use ICTS for their communication and transactions with other businesses (18th) and clients (14th;

Overall, the country presents a very harmonious uptake of ICTS across all agents, exhibiting one of the highest broadband Internet subscription rates in the world (4th), a fairly good development of e-commerce (27th),

Since the early days of the Internet revolution, Ireland has identified ICTS as one of the key industries that could help diversify its economy

particularly in Spain where almost three-quarters are Internet users (34th). In addition, both governments have made significant attempts to increase the number of services they offer online.

reflected by the fact that a large share of its population uses the Internet (28th) and e-commerce is developed well (9th).

as well as a rising number of broadband Internet subscriptions (27th) and Internet users (53rd), are reflected not in better, innovation-led economic (91st) or social (87th) impacts.

with more than half of its population using the Internet or owning a computer with an Internet connection at home.

The effort to upgrade the digital capacity of the country has been led by a strong government vision (27th) that recognizes the importance of promoting ICTS to diversify an economy that

for example, expanding its international Internet bandwidth by a significant amount and by making access to ICTS more affordable (53rd).

According to ITU, the increase in smartphone usage is leading to more handset data download because owners of smartphones are more likely to purchase goods,

access video and audio content, pay bills, and use other online services. 10 This increased usage is reflected partially in some aspects of their economic impacts through the creation of new services, new products,

However, only just over 40 percent of individuals use the Internet on a regular basis and there are only 13 fixed broadband Internet subscriptions for every 100 people (51st).

Mobile broadband Internet has registered more substantial growth, but its penetration is still low, with 17 subscriptions per 100 population (76th).

Consequently, individual usage in China still ranks low (80th), trailing behind the level of ICTS used by other stakeholders:

In terms of readiness, China is making an effort to improve its infrastructure, with augmented production of electricity and higher international Internet bandwidth capacity and server security.

its international Internet bandwidth capacity improves significantly to reach 77th place. In terms of skills the quality of its educational system is improving as well as its population's participation in higher education, with a secondary education enrollment rate of 81 percent.

where the capacity of secure Internet servers (105th) and electricity production (104th) remain insufficient to sustain future ICT development.

The penetration of mobile phones passed 100 subscriptions per population a few years ago, mobile broadband subscriptions are rapidly evolving,

and social networks are popular. However, the low usage of the Internet (112th) and the scarce availability of personal computers (103rd) and home Internet connections (117th) still reflect gaps in the fulfilment of Indonesia's ICT agenda.

Consequently, economic and social impacts (86th and 63rd, respectively) are increasing but still low compared to the tremendous improvements registered in the few years.

For example, in terms of affordability, the accessible mobile phone tariffs (30th) are counterbalanced by less competitive broadband Internet prices (86th.

yet it shows significant improvement with a good penetration of mobile phones (38th) and usage of virtual social networks (49th), comparable to those of advanced economies.

Yet, aside from mobile telephony, other technologies remain relatively scant, especially the breadth of mobile broadband technologies (132nd.

the number of secure Internet servers also increases but remains low (108th). However, the most worrisome signals of insufficient progress on the digital agenda come from the lack of skills buildup,

The penetration of mobile phones is low (69.9 percent) and not growing, while the numbers of Internet users (12.6 percent), households with a personal computer (10.9 percent),

and mobile broadband subscriptions (5 percent) are disappointing (all ranking below the 102nd position). The main strength of India lies in its very affordable set of ICT tariffs (1st) and its businesses'capacity to adopt new technology (48th.

and ensure higher ICT usage across stakeholders, with one of the highest rates of Internet users (45th), e-commerce (35th),

Stable at 53rd place, Costa rica exhibits some progress in ensuring higher ICT uptake, with an important increase in the number of households with access to an Internet connection (59th) and a higher proportion of its population with mobile broadband subscriptions (70th),

and in individual uptake (77th) with a larger number of Internet users (66th) and households with a personal computer (74th) and an Internet connection (75th) have allowed for this positive result.

Overall, the country exhibits relatively high levels of ICT usage, with about half of its population using the Internet, a well-developed e-commerce industry (30th),

Peru jumps 13 places to attain 90th position, thanks to some improvement in its ICT infrastructure for example, greater access to international Internet bandwidth and higher individual uptake.

mobile telephony and by expanding the number of Internet users, which in some countries such as South africa has doubled almost.

even if less than half of its population uses the Internet or has a computer with an Internet connection at home.

Improving the economic impacts (70th) accruing from a higher use of ICTS will require resolving some important weaknesses in the innovation system,

only around 10 percent of households have a computer (113th) or an Internet connection (103rd. Weaknesses in the innovation and entrepreneurial environment (110th) and a fairly low skills base (98th) also affect the capacity of the country to fully achieve the potential benefits accruing from ICTS.

and Internet connection (29th) at home and are Internet users (31st), and more than half of its population has access to mobile broadband (26th).

Qatar is among the top 10 in the world in terms of Internet users (9th) and households having access to a computer (8th) and Internet connection (10th),

which has become almost 2014 World Economic Forum The Global Information technology Report 2014 29 1. 1:

More precisely, 85 percent of its population use the Internet (14th) and have access to a personal computer at home (18th);

Although ICT infrastructure, especially in terms of international Internet bandwidth (74th), may not be developed as well in Bahrain as in other countries,

and uptake by individuals is one of the highest in the world (14th), with a very high number of Internet users (10th);

but penetration among citizens (71st) with less than half its population using the Internet (75th) and businesses,

with more than half of its population using internet (57th), than both businesses, where e-business still lags behind,

and higher quality Internet connections or to expand ICT uptake has been slower, especially in the least-developed countries.

NOTES 1 Alexander 1983.2 Google no date, Explore Flu Trends Around the World, available at http://www. google. org/flutrends/.

/3 Schaefer et al. 2011.4 Gawande 2011.5 Parry 2012.6 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2013.7 See Lanier 2010;

Available at http://www. managementthinking. eiu. com/sites/default/files/downloads/In%20 search%20of%20insight%20and%20foresight 0. pdf. European commission. 2010a.

Available at https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/sites/digital-agenda/files/DAE%20scoreboard%202013%20-%20swd%202013%20 217%20final

/Google. No date. Explore Flu Trends Around the World. Available at http://www. google. org/flutrends/.

/ITU (International Telecommunication Union. 2013. Measuring the Information Society. Geneva: ITU. Kakutani, M. 2010. A Rebel in Cyberspace, Fighting Collectivism.

Books of the Times, January 14. The New york times. Available at http://www. nytimes. com/2010/01/15/books/15book. html?

Infrastructure and digital content 3. 01 Electricity production, kwh/capita 3. 02 Mobile network coverage,%population 3. 03 International Internet bandwidth, kb

/s per user 3. 04 Secure Internet servers per million population 3. 05 Accessibility of digital content*4th pillar:

Affordabilityf 4. 01 Mobile cellular tariffs, PPP $/min. 4. 02 Fixed broadband Internet tariffs, PPP $/month 4. 03

Internet and telephony sectors competition index, 0 2 (best) 5th pillar: Skills 5. 01 Quality of educational system*5. 02 Quality of math and science education*5. 03 Secondary education gross enrollment rate,%5. 04 Adult

Individual usage 6. 01 Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 population 6. 02 Percentage of individuals using the Internet 6. 03 Percentage of households with computer 6. 04

Households with Internet access,%6. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 population 6. 06 Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 population 6. 07

Use of virtual social networks*7th pillar: Business usage 7. 01 Firm-level technology absorption*7. 02 Capacity for innovation*7. 03 PCT patent applications per million population 7. 04

Business-to-business Internet use*g 7. 05 Business-to-consumer Internet use*g 7. 06 Extent of staff training*8th pillar:

the average of the normalized scores of indicators 4. 01 mobile cellular tariffs and 4. 02 Fixed broadband Internet tariffs is multiplied by a competition factor, the value

of which is derived from indicator 4. 03 Internet and telephony sectors competition index. It corresponds to the score achieved by an economy on this indicator normalized on a scale from 0. 75 (worst) to 1. 00 (best),

using the min-max transformation described above. A normalized score of 0. 75 is assigned to an economy with a competition index score of 0,

the average of the respective scores is used in the computation of the NRI. categoryi K k=1indicatork K 2014 World Economic Forum CHAPTER 1. 2 The Internet of Everything:

How the Network Unleashes the Benefits of Big data ROBERT PEPPER JOHN GARRITY Cisco systems Exabytes (1018) of new data are created every single day.

Much of this information is transported over Internet protocol (IP) networks. First described by Clive Humby as the new oil, 1 this data growth is fueling knowledge economies,

and things connect to this Internet of Everything (Ioe). Proprietary networks, built on industry-siloed standards such as those in manufacturing

and automatically upload information to social media profiles to immediately compare athletic achievements with those of friends.

Internet-enabled alarm clocks gather data on weather and traffic, combining that information with a user's schedule,

And applications on smart phones can control home electronic devices, adjusting heating and cooling levels as well as arming

Internet protocol (IP) is becoming the common language for most data communication. Proprietary industrial networks are migrating to IP,

The Internet's history is built on the migration of proprietary networks to IP. Proprietary data networks such as Appletalk and IBM Systems Network architecture (SNA) have migrated to IP over time,

Indexed data traffic series, 2010 levels of bytes=100 Mobile data traffic Total data universe Total IP traffic 1. 2:

The Internet of Everything 36 The Global Information technology Report 2014 2014 World Economic Forum Voice over internet Protocol (Voip.

between 2012 and 2017,7 billion more devices will connect to the Internet, reaching a total of 19 billion connected devices.

nearly half of the world's population (3. 6 billion out of 7. 6 billion people) will be connected to the Internet.

This digitization of information is leading to greater exchange of stored media and data over the Internet.

The introduction of Internet protocol version 6 (IPV6) allows for trillions of trillions (1038) of devices to connect to the Internet.

IPV6 is the latest update to the protocol that underpins the Internet. It defines the system for routing traffic on the Internet by giving identification

and location to all points connected to the global IP network. The previous version of the protocol, IPV4, enabled only approximately 4 billion IP ADDRESSES.

But IPV6 provides more than 340 trillion, trillion trillion, addresses, 12 ensuring no immediate exhaustion of IP Box 1:

Huge and growing data volume from industrial applications Industrial applications of the Internet of Everything (Ioe) generate immense data flows,

which are increasingly shifting over to Internet protocol (IP) networks. One reason for the shift is that IP networks have increased reliability.

The Internet of Everything 2014 World Economic Forum addresses or limits to the number of IP connections.

For example, society at large can benefit from tracking trends observed from metadata such as anonymized mobile phone data used to track population migration after the earthquake and cholera outbreaks in Port-au-prince,

Haiti. 16 Likewise, analyzing social media discussions can identify crises or flu outbreaks. At an industrial level, big data analysis can yield very large benefits.

The Internet of Everything 38 The Global Information technology Report 2014 2014 World Economic Forum EQUIPPING IP NETWORKS TO DELIVER BIG DATA INSIGHTS Moving up the knowledge pyramid from data to insights

The Internet of Everything 2014 World Economic Forum such as location-based services, are bringing these privacy issues to the forefront, offering users enhanced experiences while raising concerns of identity protection.

One aspect of this expansion, Internet addressing, is being resolved with the migration from IPV4 to IPV6.

For example, the app economy the business created by software applications running on smartphones has created hundreds of thousands of jobs. 21 One recent study estimates that the marginal impact of data utilization in the Ioe could raise US gross domestic product

The Internet of Everything 40 The Global Information technology Report 2014 2014 World Economic Forum 3 IBM 2013.4 Gantz and Reinsel 2012.

Biggs et al. 2012.10 GSM Association 2012.11 Cukier and Mayer-Schoenburger 2013.12 More specifically, 340,282, 366,920, 938,463, 463,374,

in the European union, Vision Mobile and Plum (2013) found that nearly 800,000 jobs have been created this way. 22 Mandel 2013.

Available at www. lnm. com. br/bah/downloads/Hitachi bert-Beals BAH2013. pptx. Bengtsson L.,X. Lu, A. Thorson, R. Garfield,

Improved Response to Disasters and Outbreaks by Tracking Population Movements with Mobile phone Network Data: A Post-Earthquake Geospatial Study in Haiti.

Embracing the Internet of Everything to Capture Your Share of $14. 4 Trillion. Cisco White paper.

Available at http://www. cisco. com/web/about/ac79/docs/innov/Ioe economy. pdf. Canalys. 2012.

The Internet of Everything in Motion. the network: Cisco's Technology News Site, July 29. Available at http://newsroom. cisco. com/feature-content?

type=web content&articleid=1208342..2013b. Visual Networking Index (VNI. Available at http://www. cisco. com/en/US/netsol/ns827/networking solutions solution category. html. Cukier, K. and V. Mayer-Schoenburger. 2013.

The Rise of Big data: How It's Changing the Way We Think about the World. Foreign affairs May/June.

Available at http://www. cisco. com/web/strategy/docs/energy/gridonomics white paper. pdf. The Economist. 2010.

Available at http://www. managementthinking. eiu. com/sites/default/files/downloads/The%20deciding%20factor final. pdf. EMC2. 2013.

Available at http://www. emc. com/collateral/analyst-reports/idc-the-digital-universein-2020. pdf. GSM Association. 2012.

Website. Big data. Available at http://www. ibm. com/bigdata/us/en/./IBM Software. 2012. Managing Big data for Smart Grids and Smart Meters.

Available at http://www. forbes. com/sites/maribellopez/2013/05/10/ge-speaks-on-the-business-valueof-the-internet-of-things.

Can the Internet of Everything Bring back the High-Growth Economy? Policy Memo, September. WASHINGTON DC: Progressive Policy Institute (PPI.

Available at http://www. progressivepolicy. org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/09.2013-Mandel can-the-Internet-of-Everything-Bring back-the-High-Growth-Economy-1. pdf. Mandel, M. and J. Scherer. 2012.

Blog Post, November 3. Available at http://ana. blogs. com/maestros/2006/11/data is the new. html. Taft, J.,with P. De Martini and L. von Prellwitz. 2012.

Utility Data Management and Intelligence. Cisco. http://www. cisco. com/web/strategy/docs/energy/managing utility data intelligence. pdf. Top500. org. 2013.

Supercomputer Sites. http://www. top500. org/system/177999, accessed October 4, 2013. The Global Information technology Report 2014 41 1. 2:

The Internet of Everything 2014 World Economic Forum Vision Mobile and Plum Consulting. 2013. The European App Economy:

Creating Jobs and Driving Growth. Report sponsored by ACT, September. Available at http://www. act4apps. org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ACT-The-European-App-Economy-20131. pdf. 1. 2:

The Internet of Everything 42 The Global Information technology Report 2014 2014 World Economic Forum CHAPTER 1. 3 Big data Maturity:

which are kept typically in organizations'data warehouses, big data builds on unstructured data from sources such as social media, text and video messages,

Usage statistics emanating from social media sites illustrate the sheer volume of unstructured data. For example, in 2012 Facebook reported that it was processing around 2. 5 billion new pieces of content daily. 2 Big data has the potential to infuse executive decisions with an unprecedented level of data-driven insights.

However, research indicates that many organizations are struggling to cope with the challenges of big data. For example

For example, highly digitized industries such as telecommunications and travel still tend to spend substantially more on big data projects than the energy sector,

For example, one leading European bank tailored its website content to trigger an increase of 12 percent in sales.

After customers logged in, the bank presented one of several alternative websites based on the relevant individual's transaction history and segment and the company's overall product portfolio.

such as retailers or telecommunications companies, are equipped better than others to utilize their internally generated data in this way.

Functional area excellence Smart pricing Targeted mailings Customer segmentation Customer value analysis Choice analysis Website clickstream analysis Loyalty schemes Customer satisfaction opt.

, web search, web advertising) Quantitative management of investment funds Crowdsourcing to augment internal data Large-scale implementation Experimenting/selective adoption BIG DATA Chapter 1. 3:

The Internet and mobile devices play a major role in this development. This new ad tech world will be dominated by those major players that possess the most comprehensive data about consumers

making data available to the public via integrated web portals and automated interfaces. Recent examples involve the United kingdom

A data-driven business model has been integral to companies such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter, which have burst on to the scene in recent years

and are introducing new technologies to capture the digital advertising market. Such companies actually started operations at the final stage.

and analyzed by companies through their own websites or by monitoring social media. These details are collected all without that person's explicit consent, leading to significant public reservations about big data.

For example, a mobile phone operator can collect anonymized real-time travel patterns, which are of value for navigation system operators that want to provide up-to-date traffic information to their customers.

Social media platforms are demonstrated also to be great sources of relevant big data for example for sentiment analysis (to determine the voice

How Big Is Facebook's Data? 2. 5 Billion Pieces of Content and 500+Terabytes Ingested Every day.

Available at http://techcrunch. com/2012/08/22/how-big-is-facebooks-data-2-5-billion-pieces-ofcontent

Available at http://bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/03/07/idcsizes-up-the-big data-market/?/r=0. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Available at http://www. oecd. org/internet/ieconomy/oecdguidelinesonthe protectionofprivacyandtransborderflowsofpersonaldata. htm. Polonetsky, J. and O. Tene. 2013.

Making Ends Meet. 66 Stanford Law Review 25 september 3. Available at http://www. stanfordlawreview. org/sites/default/files/online/topics/Polonetskytene. pdf. The Global

massive US surveillance of phone records and Internet data was revealed by former National security agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden,

digital transaction records, cell phone location fixes, road toll records, etc. and because they can be produced automatically by computers without human intervention.

who developed a method for mapping poverty from the diversity of cell phone usage. As people have more disposable income,

and have been using datasets from companies such as cell phone carriers and social media firms. Typical examples of these studies are labeled 4. Unfortunately,

and 8 are living lab studies that use smart phones or electronic name badges (sociometers) to collect data. 2 The point labeled 9 is the D4d dataset that covers the entire country of Côte d'Ivoire. 3 Just a brief

In just a few short years we are likely to have available incredibly rich data about the behavior of virtually all of humanity on a continuous basis. The data mostly already exist in cell phone networks

The current best practice is a system of data sharing called trust networks. 2 Trust networks are a combination of a computer network that keeps track of user permissions for each piece of personal data

, the location of a cell phone is required to complete phone calls), but without specific informed consent.

supported by Telecom italia, Telefonica, the MIT Human Dynamics Laboratory, the Fondazione Bruno Kessler, the Institute for Data Driven Design,

or the risks associated with sharing through current social media. These data can then be used for the personal selfempowerment of each member,

/4 For information about the Mobile Territorial Lab (MTL), see http://www. mobileterritoriallab. eu/.5 Sanger 2013.6 Pentland 2009;

Available at http://idcubed. org. MTL (Mobile Territorial Lab). Available at http://www. mobileterritoriallab. eu/.Openid Connect.

but the maturation and availability of the Internet; the rapid growth of mobile computing; and, more recently, the addition of sensor data (data derived from devices that sense their environment) to the mix have pushed all the boundaries of how we think about data and its uses.

and his or her surrounding environment on a momentby-moment basis such sensors include the applications on a smartphone that sense movement.

and is connected to the Internet, making big data even bigger than human-generated information. The third type of sensor provides constant reporting by machines that perform the work critical to our security, health, and lifestyle.

that means being able to explore diverse data that include historical visits to the website as well as transactions completed or shopping carts abandoned;

STRIKING A PRIVACY BALANCE We have watched the sharing of personal data increase year after year since people first connected across the Internet.

Managing the Facebook Effect, where people willingly share ever-increasing amounts of personal information, is a challenge for individuals

This could happen, for instance, by combining someone's Facebook status with the location where he

and set the stage for blending information streaming constantly from the website, store, and logistical systems,

Governments and other organizations need to balance the Facebook Effect, which entails the deliberate sharing of more and more personal information, with the requirements of security and

NOTES 1 Hackathorne 2004.2 The website for the service is http://mercytelehealth. com/services/safe-watch/.

but gained real traction in the mid-1990s with the advent of the public Internet drove the economic transformation that Machlup and Drucker envisioned.

and Development (OECD) shows how rapidly the combination of personal computers, digital telecommunication devices, and the Internet impacted economic growth in the early years of that troika.

A 2004 OECD paper estimates that inflation-adjusted investment in ICTS accounted for an average of 0. 5 percentage points of annual growth in real GDP in OECD countries between 1995 and 2001.3 This represents about 20

productivity was found to be 11 percent higher in US manufacturing plants that have computer networks. 4 It took about 80 years for steam engines to increase labor productivity by approximately that amount, about 40 years for electricity,

and more than 20 years for pre-Internet ICTS. 5 Yet it could be argued that what we saw in the years from the early to mid-1990s was less the emergence of a knowledge economy than an information economy.

Early Internet-era ICTS enabled more efficient and effective processing and use of data resulting in information that was used,

Two decades after the emergence of the consumer Internet, the world is awash in data.

as many as 50 billion devices could be connected wirelessly to the Internet, 8 while the world population is forecast to be fewer than 8 billion people. 9 At the same time,

Similarly, the vast amount of personal data on Facebook have a relatively low per-person value because the company,

while making significant profits from the sheer scale of its data holdings, has yet to find the Holy grail of social media data monetization.

(which are at present mostly outside the user's control) are more valuable than Facebook's volunteered personal data

Facebook users, for example, provide it with data that have the potential to generate immense long-term value for the company;

Achieving all this will require the specification of an interoperable metadata-based architecture that can function at Internet scale.

this is no more complicated than the agreements that have existed for years among telecommunications carriers the scale

Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2012 2017, February 6. Cisco. Available at http://www. cisco. com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white paper c11-520862. pdf. Drucker, P. F. 1969.

Available at http://cdn. idc. com/research/Predictions12/Main/downloads/IDCTOP10PREDICTIONS2012. pdf. International Institute of Communications. 2012.

Available at http://www. whitehouse. gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-health-it-report. pdf. United nations, Department of Economic and Social affairs. 2013.

These sources of data do not even include the billions of individuals around the world generating the same fuel on their smartphones, personal computers, and laptops.

The uptake of big data will depend on the adoption of nextgeneration telecommunications infrastructure, which is still in its early development in many parts of the world.

The recent revelations by Edward Snowden disclosing US government data collection practices and the extraction of data from a number of large Internet companies have raised further public awareness about privacy issues

'privacy 72%of Internet users are worried about giving away too much personal data 88%of Europeans believe that their data would be protected better in large companies that are obliged to name a data protection officer Companies that breach protection rules should be fined*51 40

But the issue has become more complicated in the Internet era. Some argue that this right should be safeguarded more strongly than ever

Instead, different sectors such as healthcare, telecommunications, and finance are regulated by specific laws applying only to these sectors.

Facebook and Google are two recent cases in point. 5 Minimum standard setting. In Asia, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC, a forum of 21 Asia-Pacific economies) has developed a selfregulatory framework setting out the principles that economies should implement

Cookies on the Internet are a simple example. Surfing the web would be more convenient without cookie notifications and approvals.

The APEC framework recognizes this and the framework states that where appropriate, individuals should be provided with...

such as via a mobile phone number or an identity code. In a big data world where a lot of data are interlinked,

and application data of telecommunications companies to other companies in anonymized and aggregated form for marketing purposes.

Internet companies are also matching their customer data and online habits with data from other companies to better target their online advertising. 15 Several questions arise from a privacy perspective.

One example of this is British telecom's cookie settings, which allow the customer to set the level of cookies allowed

They must also ensure the education and training of a qualified workforce and safeguard Internet safety.

Reestablishing the European union's Competitiveness with The next Wave of Investment in Telecommunications. In The Global Information technology Report:

PEDRO LESS ANDRADE JESS HEMERLY GABRIEL RECALDE PATRICK RYAN Public Policy Division, Google, Inc. Over the last few years, myriad examples of innovation in data analysis have emerged,

and inclement weather. 1 The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute has found a way to generate extremely accurate rainfall information using nothing more than existing data from cell-tower installations. 2 The next phase of the Internet

and economic activities to the web. 4 More data are generated today than ever before; this is a positive trend that will inevitably continue:

bolstering trust for commercial exchanges on the Internet. 17 A startup firm has developed a no-cost platform for users that helps travelers predict flight delays using an algorithm that scours data on every domestic flight for the past 10 years and matches

Wikipedia does not contribute any economic value. 20 This makes no sense in today's world,

The Internet itself has been a strong contributor to economic growth for more than two decades, but only in the past couple of years have undertaken economists serious attempts to quantify the Internet's impact on the world's economies. 23 One example of innovative data use that has a difficult-to-quantify economic value proposition is Google's Flu Trends,

which provides near real-time estimates of flu activity for a number of countries around the world.

From Big data to Big Social and Economic Opportunities 82 The Global Information technology Report 2014 2014 World Economic Forum to download and use.

a group of researchers from the Karolinska Institute and Columbia University analyzed calling data of over 2 million mobile phones to detect the pattern of population movements across the country.

and their information technology (IT) usage. 29 Another study has shown that the use of Internet computing tools can also help firms reach decisions more efficiently, across a broad range of industries,

Every day, the world adds petabytes of information into social networks and other Internet platforms. Talking about this phenomenon as big data,

p. 1. 23 A collection of studies that quantify the contribution of the Internet to GDP is available at www. valueoftheweb. com. 24 The Economist 2013b.25 The Economist 2011.26 Dugas et al. 2013.27 Lu et al. 2012.28

2013.37 For example, an IP ADDRESS, by itself, cannot be linked to nor identify an individual, because it identifies only a device connected to a network. 38 Manyika et al. 2011.

New york Genome Center Blog, November 13. Available at http://nygenome. org/blog/haussler-says-cancer-genomics-needs-techgeeks.

Cacciola, S. and R. Gibbons. 2012. Coase Meets the Cloud: How and When Can Outsourcing IT Improve Organizational Performance?

Available at http://web. mit. edu/rgibbons/www/Coase%20meets%20the%20cloud final. pdf. Chen, Z.,W. Hendrix, H. Guan,

Influenza Forecasting with Google Flu Trends. PLOS ONE 8 (2). Available at http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572967/pdf/pone. 0056176. pdf. The Economist. 2011.

Available at http://www. economist. com/blogs/gulliver/2013/01/tracking-flu-0. Esty, D c. and R. Rushing. 2007.

Available at http://blog. okfn. org/2013/09/03/how-can-open-data-lead-to-better-data-quality/.

Internet Matters: The Net's Sweeping Impact on Growth, Jobs, and Prosperity. Mckinsey Global Institute, Mckinsey & Company, May.

Big data from Cheap Phones. MIT Technology Review, April 23. Available at http://www. technologyreview. com/featuredstory/513721/big data-from-cheap-phones/.

/Tapscott, D. and A. Williams. 2007. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New york: Portfolio Trade books.

Available at http://www. unglobalpulse. org/sites/default/files/Bigdatafordevelopment-UNGLOBALPULSEJUNE2012. pdf. 1. 8: From Big data to Big Social and Economic Opportunities 86 The Global Information technology Report 2014 2014 World Economic Forum CHAPTER 1. 9 Making Big data Something

While the telecommunications, travel, retail, life sciences, and financial services industries are making significant strides in big data technologies, other industries, such as manufacturing and government,

because it requires simultaneously analyzing various types of information transactions, log data, mail documents, social media interactions, machine data, geospatial data, video and audio data,

including social media feeds, activity streams, and dark data (data that are currently unused but that have already been captured), machine instrumentation,

Streaming data, such as computer network data, phone conversations, and so on. Documents and content, such as PDFS, web content,

and legal discovery elements (electronic information exchange in civil litigations). Rich media, including audio and video tracks, electronic images, and so on.

and for loyalty management that extends channel reach from point of sale, web, and call center to include mobile and social capabilities.

would it make the sentiment analysis more refined by including social media feeds, news sites, and so on?

for example, an analysis of social media sentiment analysis) are relatively easy to do. However, diagnostic analytics (which answers why did it happen?

for example, forecasts of customer churn in telecommunications; and prescriptive analytics (which answers how can we make it happen?

Australia-based telecommunications companies use big data to determine which of their customers are less likely to pay their bills,

The rooms are surrounded by projection screens for displaying the dashboards as well as live videoconferencing sessions allowing remote executives to attend weekly review meetings in person.

and crop protection data from its test sites to provide a service that generates field performance information for every acre

Webinar with Gareth Herschel, Research director, Gartner and Michael Maoz, VP Distinguished Analyst, Gartner. September 17. Available at http://my. gartner. com/portal/server. pt?

open=512&obji D=202&mode=2&pageid=5553&ref=webinar-rss&resid=2569818. HCL Technologies. 2013a. Strategic intelligence Wing Research on Big data (the research arm of HCL Technologies..

please refer to Chapter 1. 3 of The Global Competitiveness Report 2013 2014, available for free on the World Economic Forum website at www. weforum. org/gcr.

58.99.0 3. 03 Int'l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user...76.17.4 3. 04 Secure Internet servers/million pop...

85.19.0 3. 05 Accessibility of digital content*..*116.4.1 4th pillar: Affordability 4. 01 Mobile cellular tariffs, PPP $/min...

120.0.44 4. 02 Fixed broadband Internet tariffs, PPP $/month..48.26.05 4. 03 Internet & telephony competition, 0 2 (best...

92.1.64 5th pillar: Skills 5. 01 Quality of educational system*..*52.4.0 5. 02 Quality of math & science education*..

*54.4.3 5. 03 Secondary education gross enrollment rate%..%90.82.4 5. 04 Adult literacy rate%..%56.96.8 INDICATOR RANK/148 VALUE 6th pillar:

Individual usage 6. 01 Mobile phone subscriptions/100 pop...70.110.7 6. 02 Individuals using Internet%..%58.54.7 6. 03 Households w/personal computer%..

%95.20.0 6. 04 Households w/Internet access%..%87.20.5 6. 05 Fixed broadband Internet subs.//100 pop...

78.5.1 6. 06 Mobile broadband subscriptions/100 pop...71.18.8 6. 07 Use of virtual social networks*..

*110.5.1 7th pillar: Business usage 7. 01 Firm-level technology absorption*..*108.4.2 7. 02 Capacity for innovation*..

*121.3.0 7. 03 PCT patents, applications/million pop...85.0.3 7. 04 Business-to-business Internet use*..*135.3.8 7. 05 Business-to-consumer Internet use*..

*131.3.4 7. 06 Extent of staff training*..*36.4.4 8th pillar: Government usage 8. 01 Importance of ICTS to gov't vision*..

*78.3.9 8. 02 Government Online service Index, 0 1 (best...88.0.42 8. 03 Gov't success in ICT promotion*..

58.99.0 3. 03 Int'l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user...76.17.4 3. 04 Secure Internet servers/million pop...

85.19.0 3. 05 Accessibility of digital content*..*116.4.1 4th pillar: Affordability 4. 01 Prepaid mobile cellular tariffs, PPP $/min...