"Diogo Vasconcelos (1968-2011) Senior Director and Distinguished Fellow with Cisco's Internet Business Solutions Group Chairman of SIX Social Innovation exchange This guide was prepared by DG Regional
Social media have brought about fast changes in how people communicate with each other, but also in how they relate to the public sphere.
using the Internet as a way to innovate more collaboratively integrating the citizen in the core process. http://www. citilab. eu/en The Danish Business Authority (responsible for managing the Structural Funds),
What's more, trends in demography, community and social media, poverty, the environment health and wellbeing,
and standing in the community (38%).150 million Europeans some 30%-have used never the internet.
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) The ERDF finances direct aid to investments in companies-in particular small and medium sized entreprises (SMES)- to create sustainable jobs as well as infrastructures linked notably to research and innovation telecommunications
People without basic digital skills and access to the Internet are barred from a multitude of information
in the south and east, a railway line and a busy road, in the north, a tram line and another busy road, in the west, a gasworks site.
It describes collective cooperation, attention and trust by people who network and pool their money together, often via the Internet,
FEA has developed an Internet-based electronic service and a credit assessment management system to handle microcredit.
This Internet-based system was selected as one of the five best practices by the scientific committee in the Microfinance Good Practices‘Europe Award'2009 announced by the Giordano Dell'Amore Foundation
and deploy social networks (not just virtual ones) 51. Finland has used the ERDF to co-finance a living lab focused on health and welfare services.
Workplace innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social economy such as charities and foundations as well as the the public sector. Celebrated examples include Google,
including regeneration of brownfield sites and reduction of air pollution. In thematic objective (8) promoting employment and supporting labour mobility,
More information on the European union is available on the Internet (http://europa. eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European union, 2014 ISBN 978-92-79-39418-8 (printe d version) doi:
or sections of the report and are acknowledged typically in footnotes mentioning the relevant references and internet links.
http://www. oxfordmartin. ox. ac. uk/downloads/commission/Oxford martin now for the long term. pdf. 4 Local employment initiatives, EQUAL, LEADER, URBAN;
and smartphone-based urban transport planners) and social innovation to support the uptake of new services (shared electric vehicle fleets and development of new logistics services);
The new participation and sharing ethos of the social networks generation, as well as the renewed necessity for Europe to develop its innovation capabilities and the mounting interest in quality of life,
https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=b9c3pppxk1w. 12 The Solution Revolution: How business, government and social enterprises are teaming up to solve society's toughest problems, William D. Eggers and Paul Macmillan (Harvard Business review press, 2013.
The rise of the collaborative economy from Airbnb (the social networking service for bed and breakfast) to car sharing
or‘Code4share'to‘Wikipedia'is indeed a characteristic of the recent period which goes beyond just inventing new business models.
Digital social innovation is a new kind of innovation enabled by the network effect of the internet,
How is it to leverage the power of the large number of social networks of active citizens
and public federated identity management) The internet ecosystem currently faces two major and urgent problems:
and the European commission has been funding excellent basic research on the Internet of things (Iot) and the Future Internet area.
this includes the need for open data distributed repositories, distributed cloud, distributed search and distributed social networking.
It can also include the development of new mobile platforms able to ensure some basic services at European level,
which has grown now into a global network of professors who use randomised evaluations to answer critical policy questions in the fight against poverty.
yy Embracing creative disruption from technology (the pervasive use of social media, mobility, big data, cloud computing packaged in new digital government offerings;
Workplace innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social economy such as charities and foundations as well as the public sector. Celebrated examples include Google,
especially in Europe and the United states. The internet divide will persist within and between countries in terms of access to networks and the internet.
British Council, January 2014. http://www. britishcouncil. org/sites/britishcouncil. uk2/files/what will social enterprise look like in europe by 2020 0. pdf. P A r T I s o C i a
and beyond that to develop new internet-enabled services. At EU level it is important to develop a better understanding of public sector innovation,
The 11 key actions of the Social Business Initiative119 can be monitored through the initiative's dedicated website. 120 They will be completed by the end of 2014.
Enabling both energy and ICT/telecom companies to compete in providing energy-related services will ensure that innovative services (such as effective support of demand response) will be available to consumers,
Synergies between energy, ICT and telecom sectors must be exploited fully to reach the EU goals of consumer empowerment, energy affordability and decarbonisation.
along with an increase in energy literacy and can be compared to the rise of the internet,
The development and use of a web-based application, the Toolkit, designed to facilitate partner search
APOLLON159) and intend to bring together the Future Internet, the Living Labs and the‘Smart Cities'communities (e g.
an online laboratory combining the informal character of social networks with the methodological rigour of foresights.
Besides the standard tools available in most social networks (e g. blogs, polls, content subscription, update notification, messaging, creation of groups), Futurium's participatory tools offer a number of special features
using all the modern means of social networks and internet and also interactivity which is at the very heart of our preparation of this Strasbourg Event'(Strasbourg,
In January 2014, a new website on the European Company (Societas Europeae SE) was created. Raising awareness on the SE (and the SCE) statute was one of the initiatives announced by the action plan on company law and corporate governance.
The website is available in English, French and German170. The Your Europe portal will also provide a link to the SE website.
As a result, there are also plans to create a similar website for the SCE. 3. 1. 5. 2. Proposal for a European Foundation The February 2012 proposal for a European Foundation Statute aims to make it easier for public
benefit purpose entities to carry out their activities across the EU. These entities pursue objectives, which benefit the public at large
Moreover, the website features case studies of the most successful social innovations, profiles of leading social innovators,
Over the course of two years, the website has emerged as a valuable tool on the dissemination and visibility of social innovation initiatives in Europe,
ii) a cross-platform social media application to provide eco-feedback and engage citizens in games with a purpose;
, are ICT systems leveraging the emerging‘network effect'by combining open online social media distributed knowledge creation and data from real environments(‘Internet of things')in order to create new forms of social innovation.
The CAPS projects on social innovation are characterised by a focus on participatory internet-based collaboration and the engagement of existing grassroots communities.
Moreover, they exploit peer-behaviour reinforcements and citizen web platforms to target sustainability challenges. Experiments in social innovation are expected to provide collective solutions to pressing needs (including policy needs) through new uses of ICT connectivity by and for smart citizens.
yy demonstrating the innovative combination of network solutions (social networks, sensor networks, knowledge co-creation networks;
defining metrics in view of a wider uptake of the social innovation initiatives at social level. yy Increasing trust in collectively-generated statistics (WEB-COSI):
Web-COSI Web Communities for Statistics for Social Innovation aims to improve the way people engage with statistics,
Under the mantra‘Statistics for Everyone',Web-COSI will be exploring innovative ways to bring the production, promotion,
Web-COSI is designed to improve people's engagement with statistics and aims to:**increase trust in collectively generated statistics*encourage the use of both official
yy demonstrating collaborative concepts based on the internet offering solutions to societal and sustainability challenges, making use of commons, knowledge sharing, social exchange,
and by identifying good practices through which societal benefits can be delivered via the internet and other ICT.
The platform will seek to support current activities on a range of CSR themes, such as human rights, environmental footprinting of ICT networks, Safer Internet, Better Internet for Kids
Outreach to participants also happens through social media, the Europe Direct Centre, radio announcements, etc. The dialogues centred around the question What kind of Europe do we want?
fuelled in social media. yy The economic crisis in Europe. has done the European union enough to solve the crisis?
There are plans to make this dialogue formula a permanent tool. 198 The central information hub for the series of dialogues is available on the internet http://ec. europa. eu/debate-future-europe
registration and social media) are announced in the language of the Member State, while a live broadcast of the event can be viewed on the website.
P A r T I I M A i N d E V E L O P m E N t S i N e U P O L
Agents, active and healthy ageing, water issues, urban development, infectious diseases, sustainable-innovation, internet governance, ethics'assessment, human enhancement,
Against the update of structural data, the project will test these hypotheses on the qualitative impacts of the Third Sector in terms of capital building (e g. social networks,
The study analyses social innovation as enabled by the‘network effect'(internet connectivity) as well as by new economic models for co-production and data sharing, the internet of things,
The conference brought together memorial sites/museums and teachers, Holocaust education and Human rights Education practitioners, and others.
E-participation and use of social networks should be linked to citizens'deliberations to broaden the scope of those who can become involved,
and at a scale that was unimaginable before the rise of Internet-enabled collective platforms.
citizens, and civil society actors in the innovation process by taking advantage of the network effect caused by the spread of the Internet and the Web throughout society.
social networks of the engaged communities are reinforced. This study will strengthen and identify (1) research and innovation activities,(2) policy and regulatory activities and (3) processes of implementation in the following ways:
In particular grassroots communities of civic innovators, web entrepreneurs, hackers, geeks, SMES, open source and DIY makers,
Your comments, thoughts and stories are welcome at the project website: www. socialinnovator. info Dr Michael Harris, NESTA Published March 2010 CONTENTS 1 CONTENTS Introduction 2 Section 1 The process of social innovation
and that its structures of accountability, governance and ownership resonate with its social mission. 1 We have launched also an accompanying website, www. socialinnovator. info,
and social networking tools. The other comes from culture and values: the growing emphasis on the human dimension;
and patterns. 1 18 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION These sites show how to run competitions for‘mash up'ideas from citizens using government data, such as Sunlight Labs and Show Us a Better Way
In the UK, the website Report Empty Homes, sponsored by the Empty Homes Agency, allows citizens to report empty properties around the UK. 10) Mapping systems such as participative mapping and sectoral analysis,
User feedback on service quality, including web-based models such as Patient Opinion and I Want Great care that hold service providers to account,
And, in the US, a new free application called iburgh allows residents to snap iphone photos of local problems, like potholes, graffiti and abandoned cars
from surveys and websites to user representation on management boards and committees. 33) Campaigns which channel dissatisfaction and discontent into a search for innovations.
40) Web-based tools for co-design, such as the Australian site for people with disabilities and their carers, web2care.
PROPOSALS AND IDEAS 31 2 32 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION 41) Creative thinking methods such as Edward De Bono's‘Six Thinking Hats
and application thanks to the internet, which has enabled large numbers of people to interact and participate at a relatively low cost. 6 Over the last few decades,
'Many of these methods have been helped greatly by the ability of the internet to draw in a far wider range of people
The Global Ideas Bank has helped spawn a number of similar websites, including the Norwegian Ideas Bank
'edited by the site's creator David Owen). Another initiative is My Health Innovation, a website
These websites include a vast range of ideas everything from the brilliant to the downright absurd.
Youtube can be used as a virtual video booth. 58) Suggestion boxes within organizations are the most basic method for soliciting innovations.
Image courtesy of the Hope Institute. 2 website, based on the principles as laid out in President Obama's Memorandum on collaborative, participatory and transparent government.
The website enables citizens to take part in a discussion about the best way to effect the President's Memorandum in three stages‘brainstorm,
One example in the UK is the Prime minister's e-Petitions website which has had nearly 10 million petitioners.
and 2 engage as these selves in cyberspace. 73) Webinars are a fairly simple device for organising seminars over the web.
Examples include the webinars organised by the Cities of Migration network which have linked NGOS, foundations and academics involved in social action related to diversity around the world. 74) Dialogue Café uses state of the art video conferencing (Telepresence) to link up citizens from all around the world.
Examples include tracking the performance of different plug-in hybrid cars through Google, and C40 city governments.
An example of open-testing, Google's initiative hopes to educate consumers body about the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of technology that is also environmentally friendly.
This is one of Google's test cars. This fleet of hybrid plug-in vehicles is monitoring greenhouse gas emissions.
Image courtesy of Google, Inc 3 54 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Finance for emerging ideas A wide range of financial tools can be used at these early stages:
One example is the Internet, which was developed by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and took many years to commercialise (see Commissioning and Procurement, methods 170-183).
through models that create value for customers to models similar to those around the web that share knowledge and intellectual property. 106) Business strategies.
or the control of a key input such as a critical site or personnel (as in sport.
Particularly instructive for social ventures are the lessons from the business models adopted by web companies which
Its organisational structures are the site of contending pressures of goals and interests. The organisation may have a social goal of benefitting others,
We anticipate considerable web-based innovation in this field, with websites providing guidance on organisational forms, and governance.
an ultra simple web-based tool for creating new organisations, changing constitutions, and engaging members and stakeholders. 124) Consumer shareholding can be used to involve consumers more directly in the work of a venture,
or download systems (such as web designs and technologies) that are becoming freely available. One model is developed the consortia by the small Italian firms in the‘Third Italy'.
it requires a system of user relationships and feedback as part of its operational spine. 137) Web presence.
All social ventures now have to have a website. But their full potential has begun only to be explored.
It has therefore become crucial for ventures to have access to the tools wikis, chat rooms, forums, comment boxes, and blogs.
ways of connecting each web site to others (through links and RSS feeds) as well as establishing a presence on other social networking sites like Youtube and Facebook
which can act as feeders to the venture's website. Above all, a venture needs to devote resources to the constant updating
and active hosting of their sites. A good example is the site of the cooperative football team Ebbsfleet United (My Football Club
which has a team of six working on their website to involve the members, a model that could be adopted by many consumer co-ops among others. 138) Marketing and branding.
Social ventures, particularly those that are funded tax or grant-aided, have been suspicious of branding. Governments find themselves criticised for spending money on branding.
Image courtesy of Rolf Disch, Solararchitecture. 4 SUSTAINING 77 venture that initiated the zero carbon development at Bedzed) recently placed its most valuable technical information on the web for open access
Instead of raising funds through banks and other intermediary institutions, the web opens up the possibility of making new types of connections and raising finance from potential consumers.
They range from mobile phone credits and childcare vouchers to health club admissions and sports tickets. 163) Social targets.
It is an approach that was crucial in the emergence of the internet GSM 5 88 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION and catalytic converters. 166) Creating intermediate demand via the professions for innovative goods and services.
This could include purchasing and reusing goods made from recycled or green materials for example, re-skinned office equipment,
for example via a website such as netsquared. org. People can take part as collaborators, co-producers, consumers, activists,
It works with councils in developing good practice through a network of online communities, web related resources and peer review.
thus ensuring knowledge transfer and diffusion (see also method 292). 197) Diffusion through the web. Viral marketing techniques can be used to tap into existing social networks and spread social ideas.
Swarmtribes, an ongoing NESTA project, applies the principles of viral marketing to create a new kind of community engagement platform.
Complex, multidimensional needs are a key site for potential collaboration. Communities of Practice are one important type of collaboration (see method 304). 202) Small units in large systems.
web and technical support, policy work, media and PR, and internal/external evaluations. While the franchisees are responsible for fundraising,
and travel cost expenses that people incur to visit a site as a proxy for their valuation of that site.
Because travel and time costs increase with distance it's possible to construct a‘marginal willingness to pay'curve for a particular site. 5 SCALING
The mobile phone combines microprocessors, transmitters, networks of masts, payment models, and so on. The welfare state combines legal rights, service delivery systems, assessment tools,
The web has brought also systemic innovation to retailing and news, and has the potential (albeit not yet realised) to achieve fundamental change in healthcare and education.
This involves a wide range of issues from the use of the web to the nature of technology and the design of distributed systems which provide spaces for people to contribute to projects directly,
These include the now familiar reputational devices being used on networks like ebay, and more formal legal devices (like public databases).
mobile phone infrastructures may be the precondition for organising new models of low-cost banking. 243) Creating new infrastructure,
such as feedback sites on public services or M-PESA's platform for phone-based banking. 246) Rewiring economies, connecting sectors like the utilities and automotive industries for the development of plug-in hybrid cars,
such as the feminist and green movements but also including, for example, Transition Towns, the global network of several hundred towns seeking to move to low carbon living.
http://www. kcl. ac. uk/depsta/law/research/icps/downloads/justice-reinvestment-2007. pdf 4. Ibid.
It was created in 2000 on the site of the old Toronto General Hospital. Image courtesy of Mars Discovery District. 134 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Other examples include the Fuping Development Institute (FDI) in China and Kaiser permanente's Garfield Innovation
and developers with those involved in meeting social needs to design web-based solutions to particular social challenges.
and build a functioning website. 136 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Innovation networks Networks can serve as alternatives to formal organisational structures within the social economy‘they can leverage the assets that already exist in a system by connecting them to others'.
The team developed a website called Mypolice a tool for members of the public to give feedback
Think, for example, of micro-blogging service Twitter, personal publishing platform Wordpress, citizen reporting papers such as Ohmynews, social networking sites such as Facebook, Orkut,
or collaborative projects such as Wikipedia. It is easy to see the generative potential of platforms:
This includes websites which provide usergenerated information such as ehow and Netmums. Netmums provides information on a variety of local resources including child-friendly cafés, reliable childminders,
It has over half a million members who use the site on a regular basis uploading and contributing information. 308) Platforms for connecting.
This includes social networking websites Facebook Orkut, and Bebo, as well as websites which aim to connect people together in real life for particular causes.
One example of this is Landshare which connects people who want to grow fruit and vegetables with those who have the land on
Lego have created a web platform Designbyme 3. 0 which enables users (mainly children) to design their own Lego sets.
and open-source software such as the Linux operating system, the Mozilla Firefox browser, and the Apache web server.
These rely on a large and highly distributed community of programmers to develop, maintain, and improve the software.
The extent to which social networks and a gift economy operate in the sphere of consumption has long been remarked on by anthropologists for example (from Christmas presents to the purchase of rounds of beer.
More recently some of the most important technological innovations were associated with public organisations from the Internet (DARPA) to the world wide web (CERN.
The result is not necessarily a lack of innovation in government. 1 Government at every level has been the site of almost constant change particularly in the last 30 years.
An interesting example is the Australian website, Budget Allocator, which offers citizens the chance to shape municipal budgets. 330) Sequencing in funding.
which then benefits from the increased rental value of sites after the public investment has been undertaken.
and has now been implemented in every ward in 35 KP hospitals. 393) Tithes of working time to generate collaborative public innovation an extension of the Google model where engineers are encouraged to spend 20 per cent of their time developing their own projects.
'No. 7, Winter 2008.1 SUPPORT IN THE GRANT ECONOMY 167 2 SUPPORT IN THE GRANT ECONOMY Civil society and the grant economy are the most common sites of social innovation in campaigns
In this field, the web offers new ways to cut costs and widen connections. Websites like Kiva,
which connect donors with social entrepreneurs, have already been 2 172 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION making these links.
human resources and IT consulting services. 417) Philanthropic‘ebays'.'Philanthropic platforms such as Volunteermatch which help people find volunteering opportunities in their local area. 418) Donor platforms, such as Globalgiving, Altruistiq Exchange, Network For good, Firstgiving and Guidestar.
Internet donor sites dramatically reduce the cost of fundraising (estimated at between 15 per cent and 33 per cent of funds raised in the US.
We can expect similar websites to develop features like donor forums, star ratings, Good Giving Guides and Amazon type links (those who have given to x have given also to y
Networks Civil society has become increasingly effective in creating its own networks to share ideas and support innovation. 438) Global networks such as Civicus
Another example is Worldchanging, a series of books and a website which includes tens of thousands of stories about new tools,
or TNT's distribution of food to disaster areas. 450) Hybrid business models that combine business capacities with 3 184 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION social goals such as Vodafone
'S m-PESA mobile banking service in Kenya, using capacity on mobile phones to provide cheap and safe transactions for the unbanked.
M-PESA allows people to transfer money using a mobile phone. The term M-PESA comes from a combination of‘M'for mobile and‘Pesa'meaning money in Swahili.
It is a joint partnership between Safaricom and Vodafone. Kenya was the first country in the world to use this service.
Image courtesy of Vodafone. 3 SUPPORT IN THE MARKET ECONOMY 185 454) Business engagement in service evaluation, for example the Azim Premji Foundation (and offshoot of WIPRO) financing large-scale trials
of alternative models for running schools in India. 455) Social uses of commercial technology such as IBM's use of translation software on its Meedan website of Arabic blogs,
or Dialogue Café and the Social Innovation Exchange (SIX) using Telepresence technology developed by Cisco.
'The website Your Ethical Money provides advice on how to direct personal investment into green,
One example is Kiva, the world's first microlending website which enables individuals to lend small sums of money to entrepreneurs on low incomes. 462) Charitable loans such as those provided by Charity Bank, the only bank in the UK
which provides shared office space for more than 115 charities and social enterprises in sites in central London (see also method 487). 467) R&d mentored funding prior to start-up lending, such as MONDRAGON
seeking a blend of social and financial returns (see also method 361). 3 476)‘ ebays'for social investment, for example, Clearlyso,
and the internet. They remain critical to the social economy, both in assessing products and services on the basis of social criteria,
a web-based market for people to exchange time and loans of products. The model is implemented now in east London. 489) Markets for‘bads',such as emissions or waste-disposal trading schemes,
or web-based social networking around specific issues (there are reportedly 18 million cancer related websites, the great majority generated by those affected by the disease.
Online platforms for collective action The spread of the internet has made possible a range of new tools to mobilise people and energies quickly and effectively.
and other aggregated purchasing tools where consumers can club together via the internet to achieve savings on their purchases. 496) Platforms for the gifting of goods such as Freecycle,
whose aim is to keep discarded items out of landfill sites by gifting them. It now has over five million members in 85 countries. 497) Co-production platforms, such as Ohmynews in South korea
which gives kite marks to organisations that produce information and moderate websites and forums. Propertising not privatising In the social economy, rather than restricting access to knowledge and information, there is value in diffusing and sharing ideas and information as widely as possible.
Offline, communal or collective forms of innovation can spur innovative and creative uses of assets.
Ohmynews is a ground-breaking mediabased social innovation that uses web technology to give voice to citizen journalists.
meals, internet time, and even social housing rent. 508) Informal currencies such as Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS).
People can send minutes of prepaid airtime to each other by mobile phone using the tool M-Pesa or Me2u
meals and engage citizens in management. 516) Neighbourhood websites and other media can become hubs for exchanges
Examples include hyper-local website Boscalicious Year 1 pupils from Collaton St mary Primary school dig up organic potatoes
One hour's internet surfing costs 30 minutes pedalling. In 2008, campers converged on Kingsnorth power station for a week of learning, sustainable living and climate action.
Constructed households as sites of innovation The longstanding practice of institutionalising those with special needs
further facilitated by the advent of the internet. 526) Grass roots campaigns for social change. The internet has accelerated the spread of grass roots-led social campaigns especially those focused on lifestyle innovation and transformation.
Examples include the green movement (for example, Transition Towns) but also Slow Food, a network of over 100,000 people in 132 countries who campaign against‘fast food and fast life'in favour of ethically sourced and locally produced quality food. 527) Our Space.
Web based platforms for organising grass roots campaigns. In the last year alone, Facebook has been used to mobilise protesters against knife crime, the military Junta in Burma, and FARC.
Oscar Morales, founder of the Facebook group One million Voices against FARC (which now has over 400,000 members) used the social networking site to organise a massive protest against the rebel forces in February 2008.
Over a million people marched through the streets of Bogotá 4 208 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION carrying banners with the slogan‘no more kidnappings, no more deaths, no more FARC'.
'Simultaneous protests were held in 200 other cities including London, Los angeles, Cairo, Sydney, Tokyo, Miami, Paris, Tel-aviv, and Rome.
207 d. o. b. Foundation 80 Dolan, Paul 104 Dr Foster 89 ebay 114 Echoing Green 176 ehow 138 Elderpower
117 Expert Patients Programme 116 Extremes 36 Fabian society 48 Facebook 75; 138; 207 Fair Trade 119;
163 Good Deed Foundation 80 Good Food Guide 190 Google 53; 165 Gore, Al 26;
104 Moveon 41 Mozilla Firefox 139 M-Pesa 115; 183; 184; 202 Mutualism 65 New Mutualism 65 Informal Mutualism 206-207 My Football Club 75;
Philanthropic ebays 172 Plane Stupid 27; 28 Planning for Real 43 Platforms 40; 95; 117;
Towns 109,120, 191,207, 219 Transmitters 95,107 Tribunis Plebis 43,152 Triggers and Inspirations 15 Triodos Bank 186,188 Turning point 182 Twitter 138 Ukeles
, 108,117, Venture Philanthropy 80,167-168,172, 175 Visiting 36,205 Vodafone 183-4, 219, Voting 41,65, 153-154, Volunteers 54,59, 64,74, 77,166
, 201, Vouchers 56,87, 157, Walking 25 Waterfire, Rhode island 17 Web, The 21,38, 45,79, 97,108, 171 Web2care 31 Wellink 205 Welsh Water
154 White house Office of Social Innovation 132 Wikipedia 138 Wikiprogress 120 Wiser Earth 178 Wordpress 138-139 Workplace as Museum 75 Work
, 133,137, 147,160, 176-177,220, 221 Young, Michael 39,190 Your Ethical Money 186 Youtube 39,75 Yumshare 198 Yunus, Muhammad 34,210 Zero Carbon
Camp, The Design Council, The Hope Institute, Plane Stupid, Americaspeaks, Dialogue Café, Helsinki Design Lab, Google Inc, Un Techo para Chile, Riversimple
27e Region, The Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation at Harvard university's John F. Kennedy School of Government, The Prosperity Initiative, Vodafone, The Brixton Pound, SPICE, The Food
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