The site provides the latest information on European social innovation. This first concrete action was launched in 2011 as a virtual hub connecting social innovators and providing an overview of actions throughout Europe.
Against the update of structural data, the project will test these hypotheses on the qualitative impacts of the Third Sector in terms of capital building (e g. social networks,
2) the Transition Network's website: www. transitionnetwork. org 10 The idea of‘Peek oil'is one of the main motives of the transition towns movement. 11 Permaculture can be defined as‘consciously designed landscapes which mimic the patterns
http://espas. eu/orbis/sites/default/files/generated/document/en/social innovation decade of changes. pdf Caulier-Grice, J. Davies, A. Patrick, R. Norman, W. 2012
http://csi. gsb. stanford. edu/sites/csi. gsb. stanford. edu/files/Themeaningofsocialentrepreneurship. pdf Dees, J. G. 2006) Taking Social Entrepreneurship Seriously.
download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs,
websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given.
All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd. org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public
and on other issues related to composite indicators can be found in the web page: http://composite-indicators. jrc. ec. europa. eu/The research was funded partly by the European commission, Research Directorate, under the project KEI (Knowledge Economy Indicators), Contract FP6 No. 502529.
and the underlying data are freely available on the Internet. For the sake of simplicity, only the first 23 of the 72 original countries measured by the TAI are considered here.
i) diffusion of the Internet (indispensable to participation), and (ii) exports of high-and medium-technology products as a share of all exports.
in the CI of E-business Readiness the indicator 1 I Percentage of firms using Internet and indicator 2
I Percentage of enterprises that have a website display a correlation of 0. 88 in 2003:
the laggard and the average performance (Figure 2). Finland's top ranking is primarily based on having the highest values for the indicators relating to the Internet and university,
Royalties Internet Telephones Tech exports Electricity Schooling University Top 3 (average) Finland United states Note: Technology Achievement Index (TAI.
875 925 TAI Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University Performance range Finland 38 HANDBOOK ON CONSTRUCTING COMPOSITE INDICATORS:
Internet 86 X Tech exports 63 X Telephones 100 X Electricity 100 X Schooling 82 X University 100 X Japan
TAI 70 X Patents 100 X Royalties 24 X Internet 21 X Tech exports 100 X Telephones 100 X Electricity
availability of micro or macro data, media (paper, CD-ROM, Internet, etc. Clarity refers to the statistics'information environment:
the highest correlation is found between the individual indicators electricity and Internet, with a coefficient of 0. 84.
Table 6. Correlation matrix for individual TAI indicators PATENTS ROYALTIES INTERNET EXPORTS TELEPHONE ELECTRICITY SCHOOLING UNIVERSITY PATENTS 1. 00 0. 13-0
0. 32 0. 30 0. 06 INTERNET 1 00-0. 45 0. 56 0. 84 0. 63 0. 27 EXPORTS
0. 10 INTERNET-0. 92 0. 21 0. 02-0. 10 0. 04 0. 11-0. 27-0. 13 EXPORTS
The first factor has high positive coefficients (loadings) with Internet (0. 79), electricity (0. 82) and schooling (0. 88).
ROYALTIES 0. 13 0. 07-0. 07 0. 93 0. 89 INTERNET 0. 79-0. 21 0. 21 0. 42
. 11 0. 88 0. 13 0. 80 ROYALTIES 0. 96 0. 14 0. 09 0. 18 0. 99 INTERNET 0
0. 527 0. 645 INTERNET 0. 566 0. 636 EXPORTS-0. 108 0. 774 TELEPHONES 0. 701 0. 603 ELECTRICITY
At the same time, the dynamic adopters are lagging behind the potential leaders due to their lower performance on Internet, electricity and schooling.
Means plot for TAI clusters-2-1. 5-1-0. 5 0 0. 51 1. 52 RECEIPTS INTERNET EXPORTS TELEPHONES ELECTRICITY
0. 49 Internet 0. 79-0. 21 0. 21 0. 42 0. 24 0. 03 0. 04 0. 10 Tech
The first includes Internet (with a weight of 0. 24), electricity (weight 0. 25) and schooling (weight 0. 29). 24 Likewise the second intermediate is formed by patents
. 17 Royalties 0. 20 0. 15 Internet 0. 07 0. 11 Tech exports 0. 07 0. 07 Telephones 0. 15 0
Benefit of the doubt (BOD) approach applied to TAI Patents Royalties Internet Tech. Export Telephones Electricity Schooling University CI (weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( score) Finland 0. 15 0. 17 0. 17 0. 16
the percentage of firms using internet in country j depends upon the (unknown) propensity to adopt new information
Comparison matrix of eight individual TAI indicators Objective Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephone Electricity Schooling University Patents 1 2 3
2 5 5 1 3 Royalties 1/2 1 2 1/2 4 4 3 Internet 1/3 1 1
patents is three times more important than Internet. Each judgement reflects the perception of the relative contributions (weights) of the two individual indicators to the overall objective (Table 21.
Comparison matrix of three individual TAI indicators Objective Patents Royalties Internet Patents 1 wp/wroy wp/wi Royalties wroy/wp 1
wroy/wi Internet wi/wp wi/wroy 1 The relative weights of the individual indicators are calculated using an eigenvector.
analytic hierarchy process (AHP) Method Weights for the indicators (fixed for all countries) Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University EW 0
Impact matrix for TAI (five countries) Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University Finland 187 125.6 200.2 50.7 3. 080
the pairwise comparison of countries such as Finland and the United states shows that Finland has better scores for the individual indicators Internet (weight 1/8),
Simple example of path analysis A c B D rba pad pbc pbd PCD The standardised regression coefficients (beta values) for the TAI example reveal that Internet
Standardised regression coefficients for the TAI LOG TELEPHONE LOG ELECTRICITY SCHOOLING EXPORTS UNIVERSITY RECEIPTS PATENTS INTERNET 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4
Internet and patents) are highly influential on the variance of the TAI scores. The path analysis results
total effect impact of the indicators on the TAI scores Patents 13.5%Royalties 16.2%Internet 13.9%Tech exports 6. 1%Telephones (logarithm) 15.8%Electricity (logarithm) 10.6
The table below shows the number of hits obtained by searching for composite indicators through Google (taken here as a proxy of overall diffusion of the concept)
and Scholar Google (taken as a proxy of academic interest). Google Scholar Google October 2005 35,500 992 June 2006 80,800 1, 440 September 2007 2 million 167,000 We alluded in the introduction to the controversy surrounding the use
of these measures, pitting aggregators against non-aggregators. The authors of this Handbook believe that individual variables
and hence have market value (1999) DIFFUSION OF RECENT INNOVATIONS INTERNET Internet hosts per 1 000 people Diffusion of the Internet,
INTERNET EXPORTS TELEPHONES (log) ELECTRICITY (log) SCHOOLING UNIVERSITY 1 Finland 187 125.6 200.2 50.7 3. 08 4. 15 10 27.4 2 United states
METHODOLOGY AND USER GUIDE ISBN 978-92-64-04345-9-OECD 2008 153 PATENTS ROYALTIES INTERNET EXPORTS TELEPHONES (log) ELECTRICITY (log) SCHOOLING UNIVERSITY 42
which is the portion of the variance of the first factor explained by the variable Internet. 25 To preserve comparability final weights could be rescaled to sum up to one. 26 DEA has also been used in production theory (for a review see Charnes et al.,
send an email to Sourceoecd@oecd. org. ISBN 978-92-64-04345-9 30 2008 25 1 P:
Ethernet, digital subscriber line, and optic fiber, which are already in use for the Internet; Zigbee and WIFI,
which are used already for HAN applications; Wimax, a super WIFI, with a much higher range;
eventually making possible the creation of an open-access same-time information system a Web-based secure database of transmission-systemrelated information.
The Smart Grid Clearing house is a Web resource that lists all ARRA09-funded smart grid projects geographically as well as according to their technical focus.
and the integration with the new web of things will allow individual home and business electric devices to be controlled
where he serves as the Site Director of the Center for Research and Education in Wind and as a 2011 2012 Resident Faculty Fellow of the School of Global Environmental Sustainability.
The overall aim of the digital agenda is to deliver sustainable economic and social benefits from a digital single market based on fast and ultra fast internet and interoperable applications.
Europeanuropeanuropeanuropeanuropeanuropeanuropean Commissionommissionommissionommissionommissionommissionommissionommissionommiss on 2010c), Cloud computing (the use of online servers for the purposes of information storage and remote access), if not a familiar term, will be a familiar concept to many through the widespread use of Web
-based email services (hotmail, gmail, yahoo, etc. A more complete definition, however, offered by the European commission,
For example, by allowing companies to use files and applications over the internet, cloud computing enables significant flexibility within the company;
Social networks allow providers of finance to leverage an unprecedented volume and depth of personal information on entrepreneurs and company directors in order to perform due diligence.
and events and by collaborating with existing providers. 12 The internet has undoubtedly revolutionised the way businesses conduct their trade and marketing activities with an especially positive effect on SMES,
The internet provides one of the rare platforms on which small firms can compete on a largely equal footing with their larger counterparts (European commission 2010e).
Nevertheless, despite over a decade of strong internet presence in society, the online retail market in Europe remains small,
Internet is the fastest growing retail channeleuropa. eu (2009), 0%10%20%30%40%50%Lack of cost solutionslack platformslack of access to fast internetlack of government actiontoo complexperceived security risklack of initiativesno need
Considering that some 30%of Europeans have used never the internet (European commission 2010a), efforts need to be made to manage the risk of excluding
Europa. eu (2009),‘E-commerce in the EU',online press release, Europa. eu the official website of the European union,<http://europa. eu/rapid/pressreleasesaction. do?
<https://www. ebaportal. eu/Download/EBA%20insight/2010/E-Invoicing 2010. pdf>,accessed 26 september 2011. PWC (2009), E-invoicing:
and agreements with several household/commercial waste sites to take away their waste paint and retreat it.
a step-by-step start-up Guide and a Web portal where technical guidance on measurement and relevant links are provided. www. oecd. org/innovation/green/toolkit/aboutsustainablemanufacturing andthetoolkit. htm PRE-SME
USA) website contains a wide range of resources that could be useful for ecoinnovators. www4. shwec. uwm. edu/shwec The Money back through the window initiative of the KÖVET Association for Sustainable Economies
and have increased the speed of assembling houses at the construction site. Ecococon houses rely on a wood frame,
It developed Footprint Chronicles, an interactive web-based map that provides information on the supplier policy towards sustainability and results of Patagonia's audits in terms of social and environmental indicators. www. patagonia. com/us/footprint
Regularly scan websites, join groups and network proactively to identify emerging eco-innovative technologies, materials and processes.
Orangebox has set up a recycling centre at their site in Wales achieving a significant return on investment
involving all the company's personnel from shop floor through to senior management. www. orangebox. com www. ecodesigncentrewales. org/sites/default/files/EDC ORANGEBOX ENABLINGECODESIGNINWELSHINDUSTRY. pdf Crawford Hansford & Kimber:
and properties of materials including biodegradable, recyclable, renewable. mtrl. com/portal/site/mtrl/Home Information Inspiration supports ecodesign through combining information (materials, life extension etc.)
and others issues through engaging customers in meaningful conversations through a variety of media, especially via websites and online social networks, rather than by simply talking at customers through traditional media.
Use social neworks (Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin etc. selectively and carefully to promote product-related environmental messages.
and websites and communicate good new. Eco-innovate! A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches. 51 eco-innovation observatory SIGMA Sustainability Marketing Guide contains four steps towards sustainability marketing as well as some practical lessons. www. projectsigma
Crowdcube articles www. crowdcube. com/pg/press-29 Seedrs blog blog. seedrs. com Funding Circle articles www. fundingcircle. com/about-us/in-the-news
en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Green dot %28symbol%29 p. 34: The Footprint Chronicles source: www. patagonia. com/us/footprint;
Visit our website to get open access to our reports, interactive database with charts and maps,
meaning internet connections, web collaborative tools, sharing of open data and a process of bottom-up peer-supported activities and applications.
The idea behind it is that web platforms and the new forms of interactions promote value generating collaborations and social progress,
For example, for the net innovation unit, the public-private partnership on the Future Internet currently has a budget of 130 million for its phase three.
These resources are for internet platforms that are digital open source and open hardware environments supporting social innovation by empowering
namely to set up Internet platforms and digital information processing tools to promote those value-generating collaborations
or join forces and multiply the potential of grass-root initiatives across social networks. The term Digital Social Innovation includes,
CAPS uses collective intelligence and contributes to develop an open source and decentralized infrastructure for connecting citizens and the internet in a decentralized open architecture.
Today's internet is centralized more than it once was: take Facebook, a centralized social network, take Google docs,
a centralized group and document management system, take Youtube, a centralized media hosting facility. To counter the big commercial players,
innovation activities and research projects built peer-to-peer and small scale local social media, building on small community networks.
This is a bottom-up explore-as-you-go experimental approach. Some see it as an alternative form of industrial policy,
opposed to competitiveness scenarios where only the fittest survive and become ubiquitous. Monopoly rent or profits are based primarily on maintenance or acquisition of dominant position in established markets.
profit motive Held by the elite Commands Leader-driven Downloads Closed, formal Top down Perfectionism A current of transparency,
and to this day social innovation continues to have a legal basis. EC activities include the Future Internet public private partnership,
Finally there is the DG CNECT FP7 FIRE-Future Internet Research and Experiments funding a network of hubs that cooperate to interconnect the experimental test beds and Living Labs experiments.
promoting new collaboration models and tools for the CAPS community and behind WEB-COSI: developing instruments for collectively-generated statistics and increasing trust for nonofficial statistics.
the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project
and related website The websites in the table above give details on the results obtained so far.
The IA4SI methodology is based on Cost-benefit analysis, on Multicriteria Analysis and on the Social media ROI. To analyse any changes in CAPS users'attitudes
A methodology for the socioeconomic impact assessment of Software-as-a-service and Internet of Services research projects, Research Evaluation, 2014 23: 133-149 Passani A.,Spagnoli, F.,Prampolini, A.,Firus
The Young Foundation and the Web. Digital Social Innovation, working paper
A NEW APPROACH TO INNOVATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION A NEW APPROACH TO INNOVATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION INNOVATION POLICY:
such as scientific papers, conference proceedings, presentations, internet postings, books. There are several elements affecting patent quality,
Yet, the internet economy, globalisation and industrial cycles have been producing a growing number of patent applications.
research-eu@ec. europa. eu Internet: http://ec. europa. eu/research/research-eu EUROPEAN COMMISSION Assessing Europe's University-Based Research Expert Group on Assessment of University-Based Research RTD.
A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
As user purposes and objectives frequently overlap, a comprehensive web-enabled and personalized tool-kit can be developed readily to meet different policy and university needs.
Adapt the Multidimensional Research Assessment Matrix to web-based technologies in order to facilitate personalisation, thereby meeting different user requirements,
It was followed quickly by the times QS World University ranking (henceforth Times QS, 2004), Webometrics or the Ranking Web of World Universities (2004), the Taiwan Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities (henceforth Taiwan, 2007),
Thomson Reuters Web of Science covers over 9, 000 international and regional journals and book series in the natural sciences, social sciences,
According to its website, 3, 000 of these journals accounts for about 75%of published articles and over 90%of cited articles.
with an abstract and citation database of research literature and quality web sources covering almost 18,
Principal indexes are Web of Science Scopus and Google Scholar. assessments of research performance. Widely used, especially in the exact sciences which tend to be well covered,
although the most popular indicators are not always the most appropriate ones. Data must be verified accurate
and web-enabled Toolkit. Examples are provided below in section 5. 3 illustrating how it could be implemented by the various user groups identified above in section 3. 4
Although digital institutional repositories (Australia) and web-based tools (e g. Webometrics and Google Scholar) currently cover only a limited part of universitybased research outputs,
in the future they could become important sources of information and overcome some of the limitations of traditional bibliometric databases.
Digital repositories and web-based tools can facilitate scientific collaboration in line with the movement for open science.
Adapting the Matrix to web-based technologies would enable different users to personalise the various dimensions
Email: erasmspr@zedat. fu-berlin. de. 61 HAZELKORN Ellen (Rapporteur. Professor Hazelkorn is the Director of research and Enterprise,
Email: Lidia. Borrell-Damian@eua. be EMPLIT, Philippe. Philippe is director of the Service OPERA-Photonics and Professor of Physics at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), in the Engineering science and Human sciences faculties.
Email: annamaria. inzelt@uni-corvinus. hu MARKLUND, Goran. Dr. Marklund is Deputy Director General (Acting) at VINNOVA,
the creation of bibliometric databases from raw data from Thomson Scientific's Web of Science and Elsevier's Scopus;
Email: Susan. Rowley@uts. edu. au SALMI, Jamil. Jamil, a Moroccan education economist, is the World bank's tertiary education coordinator.
Thompson Reuters Web of Science or Elsevier-Scopus. Blue-sky Research Often referred to as fundamental or basic research
or comes from an international database or increasingly from web-based technologies. University-based data normally requires direct entry by researchers,
Thompson Reuters Web of Science or Elsevier-Scopus. There are also various citation indices, the most important
Increasingly web-based interfaces, such as Google Scholar, institutional repositories or other standardised webbased technologies, are used.
Since 2004, Google Scholar has provided a freely-accessible Web search engine that indexes the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.
it is available on the ESF website. Pro This indicator is a relatively recent innovation for systematic research assessment.
All of them are published on the website of the Academy of Finland. The evaluation report for biotechnology can serve as an example:
Which outlets are considered ranked international scientific outlets is explained in detail on the AERES website. Apart from the best journals in each discipline, monographs and chapters in books are taken into consideration in the Humanities and Social sciences,
publication databases (Web of Science and national databases of scientific-scholarly publications) and a survey conducted among professors.
If the Web of Science is used, a citation analysis is carried out as well; the indicator is weighted not differently for different fields.
The CHE Research Ranking is published as a pdf download, containing all indicators and additional figures.
A comprehensive paper on the methods used in the two rankings is available on the CHE 104 website,
The three research organisations intend to create a national research information system, accessible through the Internet,
preferably, results will be made available on the Internet. Intended and Unintended Consequences: A systematic account of intended and unintended consequences would require a separate study.
and comparing it between science fields, using ISI Web of Science, taking into account both (science)‘ area adjusted'publication volume and‘field normalized'citations. 2) The external funding part essentially includes all external funding,
Full information about RAE 2008 can be obtained from the HEFCE website www. hefce. ac. uk-The RAE results are made available publicly both by the funding bodies and the media. 128 Intended and Unintended Consequences:
an initiative of the Cybermetrics Lab (Spain), has produced the‘World Universities'ranking on the Web
'since 2004, measuring the web presence of universities around the world and comparing the size and scale of their web presence against expectations based on other rankings.
The indicators correlate web measures with traditional scientometric and bibliometric indicators used in other rankings.
Webometrics produces the‘World Universities'ranking on the Web, 'which calculates the web presence of universities around the world
and compares the size and scale of the web presence against expectations based on other rankings.‘
‘Web presence measures the activity and visibility of the institutions and it is a good indicator of impact and prestige of universities'(Webometrics, 2008).
The Webometrics world universities ranking are initiatives of the Cybermetrics Lab, which is a research group within the Centro de Información y Documentación (CINDOC).
The indicators used correlate web indicators with traditional scientometric and bibliometric indicators. The goal of the webometrics project is to showcase the importance of the web for the academic community, for dissemination of academic knowledge as well as for measuring scientific activities, performance, and impact.
Policy Objective (s: Objectives: Initially, Webometric's analysis aimed to simply highlight the significance of Web presence and publication.
CINDOC supports Open Access initiatives, promoting electronic access to scientific publications and to other academic material.
as the web indicators used in the analysis are not based on number of page hits
or site design but instead on universities'web presence as illustrative of institutional outputs and web visibility.‘
and scholars to have a web presence that reflect accurately their activities. If the web performance of an institution is expected below the position according to their academic excellence,
university authorities should reconsider their web policy, promoting substantial increases of the volume and quality of their 130 electronic publications.'‘
'‘However web indicators are very useful for ranking purposes too as they are not based on number of visits
or page design but global performance and visibility of the universities.‘‘As other rankings focused only on a few relevant aspects, specially research results,
web indicators based ranking reflects better the whole picture, as many other activities of professors and researchers are showed by their web presence.
The Web covers not only formal (e-journals, repositories) but also informal scholarly communication. Web publication is cheaper,
maintaining the high standards of quality of peer review processes. It could also reach much larger potential audiences,
offering access to scientific knowledge to researchers and institutions located in developing countries and also to third parties (economic, industrial, political or cultural stakeholders) in their own community.
and scholars to have a web presence that reflect accurately their activities. If the web performance of an institution is expected below the position according to their academic excellence,
university authorities should reconsider their web policy, promoting substantial increases of the volume and quality of their electronic publications.'‘
'‘The project intends to have true global coverage, not narrowing the analysis to a few hundreds of institutions (world-class universities)
The only requirement in our international rankings is having an autonomous web presence with an independent web domain.'‘
and better scientific content on the Web, making it available to colleagues and people wherever they are located.'‘
'‘the current objective of the Webometrics Ranking is to promote Web publication by universities, evaluating the commitment to the electronic distribution of these organizations
However, even when we do not intend to assess universities performance solely on the basis of their web output,
visibility and impact of the web pages published by universities, with special emphasis in the scientific output (referred papers, conference contributions, pre-prints, monographs, thesis, reports,)
'‘Access to the Web information is done mainly through search engines. These intermediaries are free, universal, and very powerful even when considering their shortcomings (coverage limitations and biases, lack of transparency, commercial secrets and strategies, irregular behaviour).
Search engines are important for measuring visibility and impact of university's websites. There are a limited number of sources that can be useful for Webometric purposes:
7 general search engines (Google*,Yahoo Search*,Live (MSN) Search*,Exalead*,Ask (Teoma), Gigablast and Alexa) and 2 specialised scientific databases (Google Scholar*and Live Academic.
so only universities and research centres with an independent web domain are considered. If an institution has more than one main domain,
About 5-10%of the institutions have no independent web presence, most of them located in developing countries.'‘
Almind and Ingwersen proposed the first Web indicator, Web Impact Factor (WIF), based on link analysis that combines the number of external inlinks and the number of pages of the website, a ratio of 1
Number of documents, measured from the number of rich files in a web domain, and number of publications being collected by Google Scholar database.
As it has been commented already, the four indicators were obtained from the quantitative results provided by the main search engines as follows:
Google, Yahoo, Live Search and Exalead. For each engine, results are log-normalised to 1 for the highest value.
Visibility (V). The total number of unique external links received (inlinks) by a site can be obtained only confidently from Yahoo Search, Live Search and Exalead.
) These data were extracted using Google and merging the results for each filetype after log-normalising in the same way as described before.
Google Scholar provides the number of papers and citations for each academic domain. These results from the Scholar database represent papers, reports and other academic items.
Entirely web disseminated, with data and methodology clearly presented and articulated on their website. Intended and Unintended Consequences:
Limitations:‘‘The use of link farms and paid backlinks to improve the position in our Webometrics Rankings is not acceptable as this is a non academic practice
'‘Current identified biases of the Webometrics Ranking includes the traditional linguistic one more than half of the internet users are English-speaking people),
Since in most cases the infrastructure (web space) and the connectivity to the Internet already exists,
All the results can be duplicated according to the describing methodologies taking into account the explosive growth of the web contents, their volatility and the irregular behaviour of the commercial engines.'
sometimes linked to external sites over which consortium members have no control and for which they assume no responsibility;
According to SJTU's Academic ranking of world universities website, the objective of their ranking is to fill a gap in the global information on higher education.
The website contains clear links and descriptions of data and methodology used. The actual data analyzed are made not available, however.
The researchers at SJTU are clear in disclaimers on their website that it would be impossible to have a comprehensive ranking of universities worldwide, because of the huge differences of universities, in the large variety of countries and funding capacities,
According to the SJTU ARWU website,‘People should be cautious about any ranking including our Academic ranking of world universities.
which is among the best selling editions of THE in any given year, on the THE website,
and on the QS website. The information about its data used and methodology is on the website.
The actual data analyzed are made not available, however. Intended and Unintended Consequences: The WUR's limitations lie in the same breadth of data that the QS/THE developers cite as its strengths the inconsistency and variability of its findings year to year.
PRSP, finally, compares these universities'outputs using data from ISI's ESI, Web of Science (WOS),
Dissemination is through the website, and the data and methods used in this ranking are explained there.
The work focuses on all universities worldwide with more than 700 Web of Science indexed publications per year.
Bibliometric data are extracted from a bibliometric version of Thomson Reuters'Web of Science, created at CWTS.
The CWTS ranking system is publicly available through the following website: http://www. cwts. nl/ranking/Leidenrankingwebsite. html. Intended and Unintended Consequences:
Retrieved http://eurlex. europa. eu/Lexuriserv/site/en/com/2005/com2005 0488en01. pdf European commission (2006) Delivering on the modernisation agenda for universities:
Ranking Web of World Universities, Cybermetrics Lab CSIC. Retrieved 22 july 2009, from http://www. webometrics. info/.
You can obtain their contact details on the Internet (http://bookshop. europa. eu) or by sending a fax to+352 2929-42758.
You can obtain their contact details on the Internet (http://ec. europa. eu) or by sending a fax to+352 2929-42758.
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