Laura CORAS Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania eliza. paicu@yahoo. com Professor Phd Adrian Dumitru TANTAU Bucharest University of Economic Studies
, Romania ad tantau@yahoo. com Abstract: Given the limited amount of research written about the open innovation practices of companies located in Romania,
The technology has had the greatest contribution to facilitating the new communication and collaboration techniques, especially by the growth of the Internet, through social networking, Web conferencing and instant messaging.
and geographical diversity, of relevant knowledge sites, forcing firms to access external knowledge to support their value chain activities (Rothaermel and Hess, 2007) and,
The external knowledge is generated by the employees, business partner, customers, consultants, competitors, business associations, internet sales and service units, internal research and development units and academia.
A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication.
The European commission is not responsible for the external websites referred to in the present publication. Disclaimer:
The best way to do this is with a link to this web page. Any of the above conditions can be waived
, Intelligent Lighting Institute E d. Ouden@tue. nl Erkinheimo Pia DIGILE Finnish Centre for Science and Innovation in the Internet Economy pia. erkinheimo@digile. fi
Institute for Regional Development and Structural Planning Schmidts@irs-net. de Schofield Tatiana Synergy lab tatianaschofield@yahoo. co. uk Schreurs Mary Ann
The article also builds on the experience from European Public-Private Partnership (PPP) instruments and the Future Internet PPP (FI PPP) in particular.
Crowds are expressing their needs and aspirations on many levels, all the time on the Internet, e g. via social media.
All the new knowledge published on the Internet in digital format is there for anyone to discover
making a design for a website, or getting photos or audio as content. Usually these communities have tens (e g.
When continuing towards marketing efforts in digital media (especially in social media) and understanding the quest for authenticity that the audience demands nowadays,
why wouldn't the organisation ask marketing-like content e g. goodenough social media marketing videos, audio and other content to be produced by the crowd it has earned'?
as the costs to enter to the markets in the Internet economy are marginal. While pre-purchase crowdsourcing has been popular in consumer markets already for years,
when making Internet search enquiries for a specific (software or electric device usage related) problem, the users do not end up at the official brand Q&a sites as the first hit,
as the companies promote those sites rather than their own brand site. Examples vary from Microsoft to hardware
10.1145/2393132.2393159.8) Jussila J, Kärkkäinen H, Multasuo J.,Social media Roles in Crowdsourcing Innovation Tasks in B2b-Relationships, Proceedings of The XXIV ISPIM Conference, Helsinki, Finland:
E A r C H 31 16) Ketonen-Oksi S, Multasuo J, Jussila J, Kärkkäinen H.,Social media-Based Value Creation in Innovation
Community in Mechanical engineering Industry, Rospigliosi A, Greener S, editors, Proceedings of the European Conference on Social media ECSM 2014, Brighton, UK:
and Innovation in the Internet Economy pia. erkinheimo@digile. fi 32 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E
Based on cases taken from the European commission programmes in the domain of Future Internet and ICT,
and insight gained in Future Internet and ICT programmes with scientific literature on systems of innovation and policy instruments,
or a physical platform (Future Internet PPP). Platform ecosystems literature emphasises the role of a focal actor for the business networks, who is typically the platform owner 19.
Shaping innovation ecosystems for the future Internet Within the domain of the Internet and ICT it is instructive to compare three examples of largescale research
the Future Internet PPP (FI-PPP), the Future Internet Research and Experimentation programme (FIRE) and the EIT ICT Labs. These cases are highly different in terms of the scope of activities and results
, funding and governance models, positioning within the Future Internet landscape, and activities orientated towards establishing an innovation ecosystem.
validation and adoption of Future Internet technologies (networking, mobile/wireless, Iot). Wide range of technologies and application areas.
Increasingly linkages established with related Future Internet initiatives. Intertwined with universities educational programs, local innovation communities, living labs and SMES.
Increasing collaboration with other Future Internet initiatives may broaden scope for ecosystems building. Focus on building local ecosystems around co-location centers
Platform development The Future Internet PPP is an excellent example of initiating ecosystem development within a programme,
This was seen also in the future Internet PPP, where the progress of the platform project FIWARE was pivotal to the progress of the other projects.
a case study of the i-mode mobile Internet service',Eur. Management Rev. Vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 217 232.20) Eisenmann (2006), T.,Parker, G.,Van alstyne, M.,‘Strategies for Two-sided Markets',Harvard Business Review, October
the need to review their curriculum to respond to new skills and market demands, the rise of open education platforms and social media, community engagement and crowdsourcing.
as the firms look to advance their technology'2. A recent search of Google trends produced about 85 million results in less than a second 3 with high regional interests from South korea, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Germany
Such trends force universities to adapt innovative marketing strategies embracing social networks, interactive websites, intranet and content marketing techniques
in order to enhance their conversation with potential students, staff and public; pressure on universities to demonstrate impact from their research All economic players experience a growing economic and fiscal pressure.
increasing use of social media; community engagement and crowdsourcing. We will now consider these trends in further details.
The HBR Blog Network 29 has argued recently for revisiting business education placing emphasis on holistic thinking, global perspectives, technology, entrepreneurship,
The use of social media by universities is on the rise with many leading universities having hundreds of thousands followers on their social network pages.
the Massachusetts institute of technology has 170 000+followers on its Twitter page 35, more than 600 000+likes on its news page on Facebook 36 and 650 000+subscribers on its Open Course Ware page on Youtube with millions of views 37.
A greater transparency and openness in communication approaches results in new technology and trends in developing universities websites.
Universities are reshaping and restructuring their websites R E g I O N A l I N N O V A t I O N,
I N N O V A t I O N P L a T F O R M S A n D U n i v e r s i t y R E s
and expertise marketing to content marketing featuring video, podcasts, blogs, elements of gamification and community events.
3) http://www. google. com/trends/explore#q=open%20 innovation (as of 14.1.15)( 4) Linus Dahlander, David M. Gann,(2010),
25) http://www. setsquared. co. uk (26) http://sydney. edu. au/(27) http://www. lse. ac. uk/intranet/students/LSE100
Blog Network, July 2014.30) https://www. coursera. org/(31) https://www. edx. org/(32) https://www. udacity. com/nanodegree (33
) https://www. khanacademy. org (34) https://www. iggy. net (35) https://twitter. com/mit (36) https://www. facebook. com/MITNEWS
(37) https://www. youtube. com/user/MIT (38) http://www3. imperial. ac. uk/festival (39) https://hubbub. net/about/Contact:
Wikipedia).()( 2) Translations available in English are unofficial. There are several unofficial translations available on the Internet with certain differences.
One is titled‘Act on the Right in Inventions made at Higher education institutions'and uses slightly different translations in comparison to this text.
5) Internet document‘Guidelines, Policies and Forms; Intellectual Property',Section I: Inventions and Patents, Harvard university, Office of Technology Development, printed 23.6.2014.6) Section V, Royalty Sharing.
'http://dea. nu/sites/default/files/Technology%20transfer%20-%20summary%20 in%20english. pdf (26) Coase R. 1960),‘The Problem of Social Cost
considering especially the so-called‘Coase Theorem'regarding the allocation of rights in economic analysis. 27) Wikipedia, Novelty (patent).(
‘Serendipitous Connection'for those that use social media tools in the context of physical spaces or virtual spaces or even people connection maker (e g. matchmaking.
On the Idealist website, it is mentioned that‘Idealist addresses ICT companies and research organisations worldwide wishing to find project partners for a participation in the Horizon 2020 programme of the European commission.
'In terms of empirical study on the Idealist partnersearch, beside the nine Idealist success stories, about FP7 ICT projects who found partners through the use of the partner-search tool, available on the website,
A web analytic approach was taken for counting the CONEX users and sessions before, during and after the event took place (see Figure 3). Later on,
a web analytic tool provided several indications (see Figure 3) across the entire period of this study.
A User Centred Open Innovation Ecosystem, Webergence Blog, Retrieved January 2011 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404 (6) Pallot
Additional partners are, for instance, Google, Youtube and Apple who support lab users through workshops, lectures, coaching and training.
The lab is located in Berlin-Kreuzberg. The lab's activities are focused on new technologies 70 O P E N I N N O V A t
Large multinational enterprises such as Deutsche telekom AG, Deutsche Post AG, Otto Group, Bertelsmann AG, Axel Springer AG, Prosiebensat. 1, Microsoft and Google
Some of the successful implementations are an operative Living Lab, 1 Gbit/s Internet connection, Support Card, Call centre, Establishment of a Police Mobese System
Providing all public services, especially security, health education and economic services through web portals and applications; Becoming a pilot area for new technologies such as 4g and 5g, Wimax, IPTV, Wi-fi points and Basaksehir mobile applications;
selling products such as lighting posts, luminaires, sensor and routers. The innovation question focused on how to create new technology and new functional products.
luminaires, sensors, routers, software. The results of this technological innovation process were off-the-shelf products, fulfilling the regulations set by governmental and public organisations.
Innovative SMES often have dedicated high-tech solutions for specific functions (such as the 3d sound sensors or social media analysis algorithms in the Stratumseind example.
because the formation of free global economy and the convenience of the Internet have blurred the boundary of national borders.
According to the Unesco website, its goal is to bring together public and private partners as well as civil societies to contribute towards the development of creative industries
Lyon Program for an Information Society (PLSI) was created in 2001 to help improve public access to internet, electronic administration, digital education and economic development.
Web: www. drift. eur. nl (7) Meadowcroft, J. 2009. What about politics? Sustainable development, transition management,
Lyon, a journey through 2000 years of history. http://www. en. lyon-france. com/Discover-Lyon/Culture-History/Unesco-Heritage-Sites.
This model is a selection of different available models on the web and offers a new model or a newly co-created model.
Slack chat screenshot Let's say, Dropbox meets Google Apps, meets Yammer;)-With an investment from Google Ventures and the world's famous venture capitalist Kleiner Perkins, the valuation of the company amounts to USD 1. 12 billion.
At that time there were only 268 000 users. That is a lot of money for a start-up launched just one year ago.
On Medium, a social network developed in North america, one can find long reads and open speech publications.
You could say Medium is the opposite of Facebook media stars like Buzzfeed 4. All examples are in conflict with the business model of a traditional publisher.
Step into the next Facebook! Use the co-creation model! Invite other experts from the sector to give you feedback on your innovative ideas!
With all these different disruptors, it has become more of an art to assess a start-up on the basis of their pitch and website.
a freemium dating app that is‘just'a part of the media company IAC that also owns the two largest paid dating websites in the world.
That is fundamentally different from searching on Google. These examples are relevant because corporate innovation is not dead.
In its early days, the Internet was promoted as a time saver. We would have much more time for the things we love
References (1) Google glass, http://www. google. com/glass/start/,2014.2) M. Curley and B. Salmelin,‘Open Innovation 2. 0:
A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication.
The European commission is not responsible for the external websites referred to in the present publication. Disclaimer:
The best way to do this is with a link to this web page. Any of the above conditions can be waived
O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4 Acknowledgements Last name First name Company/Organisation email Aarts
@umich. edu Rannou Herve Cityzen Data & ITEMS International herve. rannou@items. fr Rantakokko Mika University of Oulu, Center for Internet Excellence, Oulu
As example, they analyse the Future Internet PPP funded by the European commission during the period 2011-2016.
and enable social networking among innovators and the communities they serve. There is much that needs to be done to properly establish OI2 in Europe This is why policy-makers must make serious efforts to strengthen the framework supporting open innovation approaches.
As George Gilder (1993) observed when analysing the power of Robert Metcalfe's Ethernet design,
The European Internet Foundation's seminal report on our Digital World in 2025 identified mass collaboration as the dominant mega Figure 3:
Kickstarter, the most well-known crowd funding site, raises on average more than a $1 million a day for entrepreneurs.
which shows that the success of funding on websites such as Kickstarter is correlated well to the amount of contacts one has on social media showing the importance of networking and the network effect.
as abstract as a social networking site, or be an admixture of both. There must be a leader who is much like a theatrical producer.
Today the network comprises more than 300 sites. It is imperative for the Living Labs to create attractive innovation ecosystems following the quadruple helix innovation model (i e.,
and reinforcing the vision with active social network management and orchestration. Russell et al describe innovation ecosystems as‘the interorganisational, political, economic, environmental,
supported by other actions focusing on web entrepreneurship, young innovators and interlinking policy actions with H2020 as well.
Interview in Ubiquity, a peer-reviewed Web-based magazine, ACM Publication, December. ubiquity. acm. org.
Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer networks, Communications of the ACM 19 (7): 395 405.
Mulgan, G.,with Tucker, S.,Ali, R, . & Sanders, B. 2007. Social Innovation: What it is, Why it Matters,
a smartphone app. and a web portal. This service is evaluated involving volunteer participants into a minimum 3-day usage experience where they wear the monitoring device and use the related smartphone application and web portal.
In this way they are able to monitor their body performance indicators during daily activities. At the end of the experience, a questionnaire based on different aspects was given to each participant to explore the scenario from the consumer point of view.
offering various green services such as the visualization of environmental data collected by citizen, the alert services via mail or SMS, the ability to download data, the gamified forum for sharing ideas and best practices
Artefacts 1 1 1 1 4 K4. 1 Group Cognition 1 1 2 Social S1. 1 Social networking 1 1 1
'Webergence Blog Retrieved January 2011 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404 (8) Pallot, M.,Pawar, K. S. 2012.‘
‘User Experience Tables',Webergence Blog Retrieved December 2013 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404 (14) Ståhlbröst, A. 2008.
They are quite literally the pocket gateway to the digital/Internet world, and people are flocking to them by the minute.
If Internet 1. 0 was static websites and Internet 2. 0 was all about the first social sites designed for interaction,
Internet 3. 0 is now about the mobile platforms and apps that are driving more and more online traffic
and more customised user experiences. As noted above, there will be a huge increase of mobile-only Internet users in the next few years, leading to whole new ways of web usage that demand marketers'attention.
Lesson? Go mobile or go home. The consumer of the future carries the power of consumption and choice in its pocket.
the creator of Twitter, was the first to develop a mobile device for banking activities, launched in May 2010.
Thanks to the Internet, more and more interactions are online and financially driven (ebay, poker, trading. Rationalizer brought ratio into financial decisionmaking.
Most banks have invested heavily in web based platforms. The accessories should be connected seamlessly to their and other banking web platforms.
This will make more sense to the customers, who will experience this as an extension of the integrated system of a financial institution.
http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Square, Inc. 5) Rationalizer Phillips and ABN AMRO 2009 http://www. mirrorofemotions. com/Contact Dr Gohar Sargsyan
of the era of the Internet and more open societies and economies (varieties of capitalism).
In addition, the social networking capabilities enacted via the fourth pillar would enhance the likelihood and impact of knowledge serendipity and knowledge arbitrage events('happy accidents')(25).
such as a celebratory blog (Arctic Start-up) and a valley-related name (Arctic Valley. The fashionable argument now is that Nokia's decline is‘the best thing that ever happened to this country'.
References (1) Europe 2020, Economic Governance, website: http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020 (2) http://ec. europa. eu/europe2020/index en. htm (3) http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy (4
-regionalinnovation-smart-specialisation-strategy http://know-hub. eu/blog/involving-enterprisesin-the-design-of-a-ris3-strategy. html http://errinnetwork. eu/content/importance-keyenabling-technologies
work, and entertain as in the case of the Internet (1). Creativity, Invention and Innovation Regarding innovation,
Barriers to US venture investment in UK Internet and digital businesses, Nesta Report, June 2013 Some of the questions raised in the debate were as follows:
Barriers to US venture investment in UK Internet and digital businesses, Nesta Report, June 2013.8) EIT Call for KICS (2009).(9) Taleb, N.,(2010), The Black swan:
As an example we consider the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership programme which runs 2011 2016
and is based on developing a Future Internet service platform with wide application and exploitation opportunity.
and more recently the Future Internet, demonstrate a potential evolution over time into open ecosystems of their own.
In this context we address the example of the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership (FIPPP whose aim is to enhance Europe's future competitiveness by accelerating the development and adoption of Future Internet technologies in Europe,
thus advancing the European market for smart infrastructures and increasing the effectiveness of business processes (1). One of the interesting features of the FI-PPP programme is that it develops a European level common technology platform offering generic, reusable software components
The Future Internet Public Private Partnership The Future Internet PPP Programme is a five-year, EUR 600 million, industry-led partnership among 150 leading European
Future Internet actors. The forming decisions regarding the FI-PPP programme were made at the time of deep recession in Europe,
The programme objectives emphasise a holistic approach to Internet business development, including the identification of opportunities for standardisation, policy contributions and emerging business opportunities from cross-industry collaboration.
The FI-PPP platform concept aims to support stakeholder roles in the future Internet value network, in particular technology providers, infrastructure providers, integrators, service providers, application developers and users.
For a particular application environment, e g. a smart city, application developers will be able to use FI-WARE technology to build Future Internet applications.
such as the engagement of a variety of actors from different sectors and representing both demand and supply side, the creation of‘use case'projects piloting Future Internet technologies and their application in real-life settings,
The fact that the FI-PPP ecosystem is built around a Future Internet technology and service platform brings interesting implications with it regarding ecosystem building, open innovation, and governance.
IBM, Nokia, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple) show, the platform owner potentially gains substantial advantages in terms of value creation and market dominance.
CONCORD, together with a task force of lawyers from all major stakeholders, drafted a contract and collected feedback from all participants in two rounds of iterations by structured template by email
The main collaboration and events were organised within the European Future Internet community. Moving on to Phase 2 with a new set of Use Case projects and several new partners,
Acknowledgments The CONCORD project is the programme facilitation and support action of the Future Internet PPP programme
References (1) European union (2013),‘Future Internet Public-Private Partnership Work Programmes 2011 2013'.'FI-PPP's website is:
http://www. fi-ppp. eu. 2) FI-WARE website: www. fi-ware. eu; FI-Lab:
http://lab. fi-ware. eu. See also: https://www. fi-xifi. eu/fi-ops. html. 3) Jackson, Deborah J.,‘Jackson (2011),
13) Interim Assessment of the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership, ISBN: 978-92-79-19895-3 Contact Dr Petra Turkama Director Centre of Knowledge and Innovation Research (CKIR) Aalto University, School of business petra. turkama
and documents detailing each proposal are available through the Finance Ministry's website. This transparency orientation has been strengthened by the stipulation of a national transparency law in June 2009.
Social network or crowdsourcing businesses reflect these new business models and a new philosophy where Internet is the natural environment in
which business are conducted. Citizens The innovative thinking has to lead to more and better services demand.
References (1) Dans E. El ocaso del empleo, de Jordi Serrano y Santiago García (Internet.
) Talbot D. Big data from Cheap Phones (Internet. 2013; Available from: http://www. technologyreview. com/lists/breakthrough-technologies/2013/10) Manyika J, Chui M.,Brown B.,Bughin J.,Dobbs R.,Roxburgh C
PATIENT Leading and managing their healthcare through EHEALTH (Internet. Available from: http://ec. europa. eu/information society/apps/projects/factsheet/index. cfm?
project ref=297260 (12) Stanton J.,An introduction to Data science (Internet; 2012. Available from: http://ischool. syr. edu/media/documents/2012/3/Datasciencebook1 1. pdf Contact Myriam Corral Guinea Supervision Area Chief Gambling General Directorate Ministry
and social media can take on a life of their own. Citizens need to be engaged actively in a dialogue about the initiative to ensure that concerns about functionality
In the past, we have defined rarely sites in a way that would permit joint exploration of organisational or network architecture (13.
The emerging alternative position operates from the premise that the real power lies within the relationships among multiple distributed sites that are both collectively and individually adjustable.
Thanks to the world wide web, social media and advances in mobile and interactive communications and information technologies, networked individuals around the globe are no longer passive and docile recipients of dispensed instructions and development assistance.
A website (www. agenda2020. org. br) was created with an online public forum and open access to every presentation or discussion topic from the agenda to democratise the governance process moving forward.
with periodic‘feedback on the feedback'via updated newsletters and blogs as part of an ongoing conversation and continuous recalibration of the national agenda.
The selected innovation sectors were cleantech, future Internet, printed intelligence and wellbeing technologies. All of these sectors were recognised not only as a global growth sectors
and innovation centres Center for Internet Excellence (www. cie. fi), Printocent (www. printocent. net), Center for Energy and Environment (www. cee. fi), Centre for Health Technologies
Example of Oulu Innovation Alliance Innovation Centres and Open Innovation Center for Internet Excellence CIE) The mission of CIE is to actively drive co-creation of next generation Internet
and create Internet-driven growth opportunities and value by combining cutting-edge research innovations with agile new business creation processes.
Focus is in new technology of Future Internet which is linked closely with user-driven innovations and open innovation processes.
In the field of 3d Internet the platform is called realxtend (8). The development of realxtend was started in 2006
CIE with its collaborators is involved now in European Future Internet project FIWARE to further develop the platform,
and to make it as a standard for 3d Internet. In addition to the platform development CIE is aiming its activities to find sectors where 3d Internet would provide maximum value added.
In this context there are projects which are related for example to teaching/learning and tourism. Living Lab Activities in Oulu One part of CIE open innovation and end-user perspective consists of its Living Lab activities;
such as PATIO forum Online forum for collecting user's opinion at the moment the forum has more than 700 users from all age groups from 18 to 85 (10) panoulu Network of Public Wireless internet
Related to the 3d Internet there is also an open-source virtual environment under development Oulu 3d model
as well as Oulu's excellence in the field of interactive 3d Internet will lead to establishment of a close and interactive international network of innovation ecosystems.
Smart Cities as Innovation Ecosystems Sustained by the Future Internet, FIREBALL FP7 project White paper,(Online), Available at http://www. scribd. com/doc/94651094/FIREBALL-White-paper
Contact Mika Rantakokko Vice Director Center for Internet Excellence, Oulu Innovation Alliance University of Oulu mika. rantakokko@cie. fi 111 Smart Fabric
Forbes January 10, 2014 http://www. forbes. com/sites/bigbangdisruption/2014/01/10/the-five-most-disruptive-innovations-at-ces-2014/3) http://www. eolane. com
The Openeyif implementation project website and websites of the incubators and their ecosystem actors, social media networks, blogs, specialised discussion forums, technology news sites and through targeted advertising (e g.
Facebook and Google ads; Public platforms: relevant European commission Portals, National and Regional Government sites; Indirect:
communicating through the respective networks of Openeyif implementers, such as EYIF's Regional Innovation Hubs; In person:
Nowadays it also includes Internet connectivity as well as wireless solutions. In the coming years, the infrastructure will become a dense network to enable the connection of all kinds of devices
or streamed to the web by the video camera that is normally used for people. This virtual stage can be promoted in connection to events in the area
social media watching to identify how Stratumseind is being mentioned, and counting people entering and leaving the area to establish the bustle.
When entrepreneurs tap into larger social networks to pitch an idea, they begin to create mindshare
The Web 2. 0 economy has transformed fundamentally the way people interact and communicate. Geographical boundaries are no longer real constraints for organisations.
Wikipedia. With 23 million articles in 285 languages and over 100 000 authors, Wikipedia is a testament to the collective power of individual minds and to the innovative spirit of crowd wisdom:
had we been tasked with predicting the success of Wikipedia over Microsoft Encarta, the latter probably would have been considered the likelier of the two candidates to succeed,
as Microsoft is funded a well company with extensive resources and an established infrastructure. Yet reality shows the opposite:
with 365 million readers, Wikipedia is now the world's go-to source for knowledge,
Wikipedia is the tipping point for the power of the modern crowd. While the key illustrations here support the notion of looking outward for innovation and value,
defined as the collective effort of individuals who network and pool their resources, usually via the Internet,
using social networks and crowdfunding platforms to finance their businesses and projects. By doing so individual entrepreneurs and early growth companies can solicit donations from individual stakeholders (including friends, family, colleagues, other business owners, etc.
The site attracted 400 000 unique visitors (equal to the number of tax preparers in the United states),
Crowdsourcing Blog. Retrieved January 2, 2013.6) Chesbrough, Henry William (1 march 2003. Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating
7) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Co-creation (8) Venkat Ramaswamy, Francis Gouillart, The Power of Co-Creation:
American Journal of Sociology, Volume 78, Issue 6 may, 1973), 1360 1380 (10) http://bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2013/04/10/g-eturns
if you look at the successful international services, like social media or search engines, you realise that somehow these services have managed to go passed and beyond these problems.
As the issue is related to Internet services, it looks rather evident, that there's no way to gain back momentum,
Regarding the emerging Internet businesses, one of my recommendations would be that the innovative counsel‘wannabe'would take a close look at the successful service providers,
especially when they are openly in the public like the Internet service contracts. One of the most interesting documents I have encountered ever in this respect is in fact the Facebook statement of rights and responsibilities.
As a customer, I may find it hard to accept everything the consumer is not necessarily on the driver's seat regarding that agreement,
Besides, as nearly everyone is in the Facebook today, this is a binding service agreement nearly everyone has closed.
Facebook is also using a choice of law strategy using the California State law. You are welcome to submit your legal claims in the Santa clara County Court.
‘open source'or anything we academic lawyers would have thought had paved the way to the Internet future.
Typically, data is where Google stands for. Numerical analysis of what works best. Apple is the other side of the virtual spectrum.
Data driven firms like Facebook, Amazon and Google, on the other hand, take the hacker way. They run experiments thousands upon thousands of them.
From colours used on a button to different websites to see which site will increase sales, all in real life and with real customers.
but also many web based startups like Pinterest or Youtube exemplify this direction. This connects well to the lean startup movement:
Likely, this happens in a joke or many of the virals on Youtube. Superiority theory explains how people use humor to feel superior over others.
Internet started to emerge. Explaining to Generation Y that there was something like Gopher, the game Snake on your Nokia phone or the newness of ecommerce in the previous millennium,
Sharing content and creativity through the Internet will create new and better work/life balances for citizens:
Wearable technologies supported by Internet coaching will create well-being lifestyles for young people and the elderly.
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