An increasing number of companies known for their hard-nosed approach to business such as Google, IBM, Intel, Johnson & johnson, Nestlé, Unilever,
A growing number of companies known for their hard-nosed approach to business such as GE, Google, IBM
Dow chemical managed to reduce consumption of fresh water at its largest production site by one billion gallons enough water to supply nearly 40 000 people in the U s. for a year resulting in savings of $4 million.
Kindle, and Google Scholar (which offers texts of scholarly literature online) demonstrate, profitable new distribution models can also dramatically reduce paper and plastic usage.
If sites are comparable economically, at which one will the local community benefit the most?
meaning internet connections, web collaborative tools, sharing of open data and a process of bottom-up peer-supported activities and applications.
The idea behind it is that web platforms and the new forms of interactions promote value generating collaborations and social progress,
For example, for the net innovation unit, the public-private partnership on the Future Internet currently has a budget of 130 million for its phase three.
These resources are for internet platforms that are digital open source and open hardware environments supporting social innovation by empowering
namely to set up Internet platforms and digital information processing tools to promote those value-generating collaborations
or join forces and multiply the potential of grass-root initiatives across social networks. The term Digital Social Innovation includes,
CAPS uses collective intelligence and contributes to develop an open source and decentralized infrastructure for connecting citizens and the internet in a decentralized open architecture.
Today's internet is centralized more than it once was: take Facebook, a centralized social network, take Google docs,
a centralized group and document management system, take Youtube, a centralized media hosting facility. To counter the big commercial players,
innovation activities and research projects built peer-to-peer and small scale local social media, building on small community networks.
This is a bottom-up explore-as-you-go experimental approach. Some see it as an alternative form of industrial policy,
opposed to competitiveness scenarios where only the fittest survive and become ubiquitous. Monopoly rent or profits are based primarily on maintenance or acquisition of dominant position in established markets.
profit motive Held by the elite Commands Leader-driven Downloads Closed, formal Top down Perfectionism A current of transparency,
and to this day social innovation continues to have a legal basis. EC activities include the Future Internet public private partnership,
Finally there is the DG CNECT FP7 FIRE-Future Internet Research and Experiments funding a network of hubs that cooperate to interconnect the experimental test beds and Living Labs experiments.
promoting new collaboration models and tools for the CAPS community and behind WEB-COSI: developing instruments for collectively-generated statistics and increasing trust for nonofficial statistics.
the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project
and related website The websites in the table above give details on the results obtained so far.
The IA4SI methodology is based on Cost-benefit analysis, on Multicriteria Analysis and on the Social media ROI. To analyse any changes in CAPS users'attitudes
A methodology for the socioeconomic impact assessment of Software-as-a-service and Internet of Services research projects, Research Evaluation, 2014 23: 133-149 Passani A.,Spagnoli, F.,Prampolini, A.,Firus
The Young Foundation and the Web. Digital Social Innovation, working paper
Collective Awareness Platforms for Sustainability and Social Innovation: An Introduction iforewordin just three decades, the internet has evolved from an experimental tool for researchers to a pervasive, omnipresent backbone for society and the economy.
In my eyes its main strength, and unprecedented characteristic, is hyperconnectivity, which is the ability to network people, ideas and data across boundaries of any nature:
All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.
The objective was to explore new solutions at the confluence of social networks, knowledge networks and networks of things.
bottom-up and grassroots solutions based on new forms of collaboration enabled by the internet. I like to think that a book sprint is a very good example of how people can collaborate in innovative ways for the common good,
Previously she worked as a journalist and social media manager. Marta graduated in philosophy, studying contemporary aesthetics and politics in the urban context,
Previously, in 2011, The 1st Dialogue on Platforms for collective awareness and action chaired by DG Connect General Director Robert Madelin took place in the framework of the Internet and societies:
'The Collective Awareness Platforms for Sustainability and Social Innovation (CAPS) are ICT systems leveraging the emerging"network effect"by combining open online social media,
as it segregates internet users into small-scale groups that share professional and leisure interests. The understanding and transparency of filtering mechanisms is probably the core element of awareness in CAPS initiatives.
Web platforms are the locus on which the CAPS projects focus on enabling the dynamics of collective awareness construction.
it is a socio-technical solution that is composed of multiple ICT tools, such as websites, forums, social networks,
or supported social innovation already exists on the web. Among others it is possible to mention Avaaz,
which defines itself as'A global web movement to bring people-powered politics to decision-making everywhere';
and Goteo, a Spanish social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructures, micro-tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of creative and innovative initiatives that contribute to the common good, free knowledge,
Moreover, the project explicitly addresses, according to the model of Wikipedia, the existence of different levels of contribution.
the second level of the digital divide (not access to the internet, but rather the lack of skills to use it);
Another important area of analysis is related to data security, protection and data sharing in the use of online social networks and the value proposition and business models that surround personal and sensitive data.
Moving from citizen engagement to the data that these citizens produce on the web, intentionally or unintentionally,
in addition to looking at what is used already on the web and how it is successful, it is also necessary to dig deeper
like the one of Wikipedia, that show reward mechanisms based on credibility, recognition and respect, that are not too different from the reward mechanisms of the scientific community (Forte & Bruckman, 2005.
Participation in work-related communities such as Linkedin groups and other professional networks can trigger different motivations.
promotes new collaboration models WEB-COSI: increases trust in collectively-generated statisticsmoreover, the study on Digital Social Innovation in Europe (DSI) is dedicated to crowdmapping
techno-social platform for sustainable models and value generation in commons-based peer production in the future Internet 22 These two are funded under the FP7 Objective 1. 7 Future Internet Research
Finally, CAPS are an important topic for internet science, a research domain dedicated to the understanding of techno-social issues.
In this field, the Network of Excellence in Internet Science (EINS), recently funded the FOCAL project (Foundation for Collective Awareness Platforms)
Awareness Platforms WEB-COSIWEB Communities for Statistics for Social Innovationwww. webcosi. eucaps2020caps2020http://caps2020. euhttp://caps-conference. euscicafe2. 0scicafe 2. 0www. scicafe2-0.
Wikipedia. Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in defending their online rights.
CC RESEARCH GROUP ON INTERNET, POLICY AND COMMONS, AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA-Barcelona, Spain IMAGINATION FOR PEOPLE-France IMINDS VZW-Brussels, Belgium INTERNATIONAL MODERN MEDIA INSTITUTE
and meta-analysis. These projects are WEB-COSI, CAPS2020, IA4SI and SCICAFE2. 0. These projects,
WEB-COSI makes a Wiki of progress statistics available and fosters the use and improvement of quality of nonofficial statistics beyond GDP statistics.
USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their personal data and its potential economic value.
and with WEB-COSI in terms of analytics and visualisations. CHEST shows potential synergies could emerge with IA4SI,
Among others, the synergy between CAPS and EINS, a European network of excellence for Internet Science, deserves to be mentioned. 30 Figure 3synergies between CAPS Projects 31 Collective Awarenessplatforms Engagement Platformsfrom Existing Projects
social network analytics and visualisations (structure and dynamics of peer-to-peer networks, e g. the roles that people play in collective endeavours CATALYST project), discourse analytics
and engagement analytics and visualisations for evaluating different facets of participative engagement in social innovation initiatives (CAPS4ACCESS, CATALYST, DECARBONET, IA4SI, WEB-COSI projects).
Such evaluation can be delegated to algorithms, like in the case of Google Pagerank, where search results are ordered according to different criteria such as relative relevance, search histories, etc.
such as collective mapping (CAP4ACCESS), deliberation (CATALYST), crowd voting (CHEST), social currencies (D-CENT), directories of initiatives (P2pvalue), statistical data collections (WEB-COSI),
Given the widespread use of the internet and mobile devices, these tools will serve to empower members of the disabilities community to be able to more fully take part in society
which to explore the potential of social media for tackling social challenges. The issue of how to engage people with social innovation as users of the collective awareness platforms must also be a target of CAPS'developments.
Open) Data Integrationeach social network has a different affordance for users. Twitter, Facebook and other widely-adopted social systems format the content in different ways,
suggesting to users to attribute different meanings and ways of use. Integrating user-generated data from different media,
and WEB-COSI are focused on open data integration by providing different standards, tools and methods for data federation.
DECARBONET and D-CENT work on the modelling of social media data for mining and presenting it in an aggregated way.
DECARBONET, and WIKIRATE are also together in that they aggregate data from different social media sources (such as Facebook, Twitter and emailing systems.
and mobilised by engaging in online dialogues mediated by social media platforms, for example the Arab spring uprisings organised through Facebook,
or the use or Twitter for emergency response. Even though society seems to urge technologies to facilitate
and 37 empower widespread collective deliberation, social media platforms, as well as the more targeted platforms for e-democracy,
provide unstructured conversations where data is presented not in a way that makes it easy for other people
for example by providing a directory of CBPP projects and initiatives, other projects, like SCICAFE2. 0, WEB-COSI,
and data quality discrimination (WIKIRATE and WEB-COSI). 38 Privacy-Aware Tools and Applicationsprivacy-aware systems have evolved over the last decade from privacy-enhancing technologies (PETS)
Socio-ethical and privacy-preserving practice in both design of systems and in their governance, including internet governance,
and how governments and enterprises can operate on a global scale to influence the privacy standards of network-centric systems and the related internet governance issues worldwide.
It is concerned thus with the analysis of privacy, reputation and trust in social networks. USEMP will build upon the notion of PDE
Social networking & Social media Enhancementthe confluence of network-centric systems, mobile telecommunications, semantic web and web 2. 0,
in particular the creative media industry and prosumers sharing media for entertainment, has contributed to a thriving ecosystem of online social networks (OSN) serving various business models
and economy by linking it to the Internet of things (Iot), sensor network and cloude services in order to support open online social media and distributed knowledge co-creation thus maximising the network effect,
and developers, is creating a distributed social networking platform for large-scale collaboration to solve social problems
USEMP will develop a set of tools allowing users of online social networks greater control over the personal data they share within the network
or vote on documents that represent the policy of the group. 2. Assembl http://assembl. org Assembl is a web application that enables hundreds to thousands of people to work together with the goal of creating a single, tangible product.
companies and organisations) wanting to make their data open and available. 8. Climate Quiz https://apps. facebook. com/climate-quiz A Facebook application in the tradition of Games with a Purpose for Measuring Environmental
and back them up with websites. By using Cohere people can support or challenge each other's ideas
Crabgrass https://we. riseup. net Crabgrass is a software libre web application designed for group
decentralised social network which puts users in control of their data security and was touted by the media as a'Facebook killer'.
'41 15. Edgeryders http://edgeryders. eu/page/home-mb-ano Edgeryders is a global community and boutique consulting company.
Elgg http://elgg. org Elgg is an award-winning social networking engine, delivering the building blocks that enable businesses, schools,
universities and associations to create their own fully-featured social networks and applications. 17. Evidence Hub http://evidence-hub. net The Evidence Hub is a collaborative knowledge-building (specifically evidence-building) web platform.
It was designed in KMI by the team developing the concept of'Contested Collective Intelligence''where it is important to understand different perspectives and support quality debates. 18.
GEO Smart monitor devices http://www. greenenergyoptions. co. uk/products-and-services/products A set of In-Home Displays, smart plugs and web visualisation of energy consumption. 19.
Greenapes https://www. greenapes. com/en greenapes is a gamified social media platform where you can build your sustainable profile
is a network of interconnected sites, where you can communicate, share, collaborate with others and create your web spaces easily. 25.
Libbitcoin http://libbitcoin. dyne. org Libbitcoin is a community of developers building the open-source library, tools and implementation necesary for a free, independent and vibrant Bitcoin. 42 26.
powering internet platforms for proposition development and decision making. 27. Loomio https://www. loomio. org/?/locale=en Loomio is free and open-source software for anyone, anywhere,
and open-source web mail client with user-friendly encryption and privacy features. 29. Media Watch for Climate Change http://www. ecoresearch. net/climate It tracks the latest news and social media coverage on climate change and related issues.
The dashboard provides interactive means to access this repository, to analyse the perceptions of various stakeholders,
Metamaps http://metamaps. c/Metamaps. cc is a free and open-source web platform for changemakers
Anybody living in Rio de janeiro can log on to the website and denounce a problem and launch a campaign to fix it.
Reddit http://www. reddit. com Social networking service and news website where registered community members can submit content, such as text posts or direct links.
and determine their position on the site's pages. Content entries are organised by areas of interest called'subreddits'.
Slashdot http://slashdot. org Slashdot is a website based on, and runs, the Slashdot-Like Automated Storytelling Homepage software. 43.
Utopia Docs http://getutopia. com Collaborative web annotation tool for PDF files. 50. Wagn http://wagn. org Wagn is a Wiki Platform. 51.
and managing your website, in a collaborative way. Yeswiki is written Free Software in PHP language under the GPL licence,
and managing an internet or intranet website. 54. Your Priorities https://www. yrpri. org/home/world Your Priorities is an e-democracy web application designed by the nonprofit Citizens Foundation to help groups of people speak with one voice.
Your Priorities won the European e-democracy Awards in 2011 and numerous Icelandic awards for innovation
Global warming, implications of population ageing, the digital divide and security issues across the internet, are examples of problems experienced across nations, to a greater or lesser extent,
The internet-based physical and digital ensemble including the Internet of things, today can enable us to obtain the required measurements,
By converging cloud services, mobile telecommunication and Web 2. 0 technologies, the collective awareness platforms will support wide spread participative engagement
and social media boosts this process. Engagement strategies must provide an incentive to self-report achievements and changes in behaviour.
Unsuccessful experiences, for example, of exploring the potential of social media to reach a goal are not rare:
or a political one) using the web as a principal channel. Providing an adequate tool is definitely an important step,
for example, can be a powerful motivator, especially for a younger, internet savvy audience. The broad range of computer games and apps that appeal to the users of internet devices are a valuable resource for understanding
what motivates a large segment of the population. Social media channels and blogs are also very powerful tools for engaging communities of interest over a longer period of time,
and will play an important role in the engagement plans of the CAPS projects. 56 Barriers in Attempting to Manage Problem Situationsas societal challenges emerge
whether the community of interest being addressed is, on average, internet savvy or not. How familiar people are with technologies must be considered in designing engagement strategies and the participatory working dynamics.
The real-time visualisations of digital content provided by DECARBONET (Figure 9) exemplifies how user-generated information in different social media channels can be used by NGOS
This important achievement was made possible by engaging European citizens in a sign-in campaign centralised on the initiative web. 69 Outlook for the Futurethe CAPS projects introduced in this book are the first projects to be funded under the CAPS programme
Badii A. 2000)' Online Point-of-Click Web Usability Mining with Popeval-MB, Webeval-AB and the C-Assure Methodology'.
Forte, A. & Bruckman, A. 2005) Why Do People Write for Wikipedia? Incentives to Contribute to Open Content Publishing.
What the Internet is Hiding from You. Penguin UK. Philip, J. A.,Deiglmeier, K. & Miller, D. 2008)' Rediscovering Social Innovation'.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Digital technologies and the Internet have transformed many areas of business from Google and Amazon to Airbnb and Kickstarter.
These range from social networks for those living with chronic health conditions, to online platforms for citizen participation in policymaking, to using open data to create more transparency around public spending.
and infrastructures e g. sensor networks where they connect their devices, such as phones and Internet modems,
which was founded in 2000 as a response to the lack of broadband Internet in rural Catalonia,
where commercial Internet providers weren't providing a connection. The idea was to build a‘mesh network'where each person in the network used a small radio transmitter that functioned like a wireless router to become a node in the Guifi net.
With more than 23 000 nodes, Guifi. net is the largest mesh network in the world
and provides Internet connection to those who would otherwise not be able to access it. 6 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Who are the digital social innovators?
The Internet is approximately 40 years old and its capacity for generating societal and economic value is understood relatively well,
even though the web itself was founded at CERN to further a vision of scientific knowledge sharing. While massive commercial investment and business models fuelled the web's incredible growth,
the use of platforms like Facebook to serve social good has been disputed accidental and secondary to their primary commercial purpose.
A contradiction therefore, exists at the heart of the Internet. Despite the existence of a technical networking layer that could spread power
and give people more‘bottom-up'political and economic control over their lives, the existing commercial services built on top of this lower technical layer continues for the most part to empower existing‘top-down'centralised and established organisations in the corporate and government sector.
in particular campaigning sites such as Avaaz and parts of the collaborative economy and the maker movement.
and solutions for a wide range of social needs and at a scale and speed that was unimaginable before the rise of the Internet'.
1. 1 Project overview 1. 2 Harnessing Collective Intelligence for the social good 1. 3 Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe EXPLORING DSI
1. 1 Project overview 1. 2 Harnessing Collective Intelligence for the social good 1. 3 Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe Growing
In particular, we examine how some of these digital services can take advantage of the network effect of the Internet
as the Internet is increasingly the technical underpinning of the sociotechnical fabric of our societies.
1) the level of the technical networking infrastructure itself provided by the Internet and 2) the level of online services built on top of these networks.
For example, despite the Internet being funded a military research project and the web a scientific project at their inceptions,
the Internet and web were based on open standards and a radically decentralised architecture that could be harnessed by any actor.
So the Web was able to reach a critical mass of connectivity so that both commercial entities (like Google) and noncommercial entities (like Wikipedia) were able to exploit the network effect.
Beyond the Internet, many new technologies such as open hardware may have positive network externalities. This network effect applies in a straightforward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook,
and sites that require large user-bases like Wikipedia or Airbnb, but it may not apply easily to some other services such as edemocracy platforms, caring networks and local currencies.
For each kind of socially innovative service, we want to determine how they can maximise their impact using the infrastructure made available by the widespread usage of digital tools such as the Internet.
There are many cases of DSI being spread throughout society and we attempt to define and cluster these in this report.
They include: the collaborative economy, local exchange and trading systems, digital currencies, and awareness networks that incentivise experimentation with new models in a variety of domains.
the Internet forms a natural digital substrate for collective intelligence. Looking forward collective intelligence is necessary for social innovation to tackle the problems facing society in today's complex and interconnected world, where grasping problems such as the financial crisis, climate change,
At the present moment, the Internet offers unprecedented opportunities for collective intelligence via its increasing ubiquity and the massive amounts of data available for collective transformation into knowledge.
More than five billion additional people will connect to the Internet globally in the next ten years,
whilst over twenty billion objects will be connected to the Internet, transmitting data coming from people, sensors, the environment and objects themselves.
However, we cannot expect the Internet by itself to drive innovation to help citizens address major societal challenges.
If we observe the Internet during its early phases when it was funded primarily by research and defense, its founding principles, such as network neutrality, equitable service,
On the level of platforms for client operating systems such as Windows and Android, open standards have fostered innovation by allowing technologies like web browsers to be implemented over different underlying platforms,
and vendor lock in on the web. This was a hard and contested battle, which turned out to be the best way to do things, even commercially.
Yet on the level of services, the emerging cloud model of some services (proprietary social networks, big data providers, implementations of the Internet of things
as their applications need access to social data held on third-party sites and permissions to get into proprietary‘app stores.'
A main Internet trend-threat is recognised today: an increasing concentration of power in services in the hands of a few data aggregators, none of which are based in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search market and 98%of the mobile search market,
Facebook dominating the social networking and identity ecosystem, while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms).
Apple has started a market that was entirely new; Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide;
Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps and helped people to connect and organise.
However, one danger is that firms capture collective intelligence via proprietary lock ins, monopolistic behaviour and aggressive IP litigation rather than providing actual innovative services.
and stimulate inclusive innovation. 1. 3 DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF FUTURE INTERNET IN EUROPE The world wide web became successful
For example, even the European Smart Cities project risks being dominated by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives.
Take for example the commercial success of Google: Google has built already one of the world's largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results,
and can repurpose their technology in order to expand into other data-driven services in order to increase their value, profit and marketability.
The future of the Internet should remain pluralistic, so that there is space for DSI alongside commercial services in the Cloud.
Digital social innovation could play a central role in the development of the Future Internet and the Internet of things.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 19 POWER TO INTERNET THE PEOPLE Wikis, Usergenerated knowledge P2p Free Content Blogs Social networks E-democracy PEOPLE
The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs
The development of open data, federated identity, bottom-up wireless and sensor networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness.
A major risk for the Future Internet is the realisation of the‘Big brother'scenario, with big industrial players (mainly US-based) reinforcing their dominant position by implementing platform lock in strategies,
since we are seeing a consolidation of existing powers at every layer of the Internet ecosystem.
Delivering a web service, Network, Research project, Research project, Advocating and campaigning, Maker and hacker spaces, Investing and Funding, Event, Incubators and Accelerators, Advisory or expert body, Education And Training. 3 Technology Trends:
In the UK, Nesta research documented how 25%of UK adults used Internet technologies to share assets and resources in 2013 20146.
create and share on the web. It achieves this through two primary activities Ouishare. net and collaborative economy events.
Goteo is a social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructure, micro tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of creative initiatives that contribute to the common good, free knowledge and open code.
whilst participatory web platforms such as Wikigender and Wikiprogress developed by the OECD facilitate the linking of National statistics to actual individual living conditions.
and web application that aims to track every government and corporate financial transaction across the world and to present that data in a useful and engaging form.
000 votes for the proposal, primarily through social media campaigning. If successful the proposal is brought before parliament for a debate and vote.
D-CENT is developing a decentralised social networking platform for large-scale collaboration and decision-making and is piloting open source solutions across Europe engaging new political partices, citizen movements and governments.
and implement open social web standard standards, contributing to the W3c Federated Social Web Working group. 32 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Safecast is both the name of a Geiger counter built by the open source community as well as a global
sensor network where Safecast owners can map and freely share their radiation measurements in open data sets.
and organise crisis data from a variety sources, such as social media, sensors or even quasi-real-time data.
Other projects are exploring the potential of federated social networking, such as D-CENT and Diaspora, and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the public domain, such as Communia.
Commotion and Tor are using bottom-up privacy-preserving decentralised infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards,
Important developments to re-decentralise the Internet, leveraging P2p open technologies, are happening at many levels.
For instance distributed social networking projects such as Diaspora, Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos
while preserving the openness and accessibility of the Internet infrastructure. Many activities in this space are driven by grassroots networks,
while preserving the openness and accessibility of the Internet infrastructure. It includes projects that are using bottom up privacy-preserving
social media, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning and e-petitions. The main technological trends in DSI 0100 200 300 400 Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Safecast OPEN NETWORKS Tor Confine Guifi. net Smart
Community networking (also known as bottom-up networking) is an emerging model for the Future Internet across Europe and beyond,
Internet networks have become a key infrastructure for the development of the digital economy due to the‘democratisation'of the access technologies,
and then deploy, run, monitor Innovative combinations of network solutions and infrastructures, e g. sensor networks, free interoperable network services, open Wifi, bottom-up-broadband, distributed social networks,
and obstacles regarding Internet specifications that are exposed by these edge networks. The Guifi. net initiative is developing a free,
Guifi. net is connected to the Catalan Internet Exchange (CATNIX) as an autonomous system (AS) via optical fibre with IPV4 and IPV6.
privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users'and websites'traffic through‘relays'run by thousands of volunteers around the world,
It then invited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data,
and Metropolitan Rennes in France have also set up open data websites at the regional level that can be considered good practices,
Ordinary people today use blogs wikis, social networks and hundreds of other collaborative platforms to manage their daily lives,
solve social challenges, and to participate in e-campaigns, crowdfunding etc. Furthermore, the ability to access, use,
partners got together to explore the development of collaborative web projects and bottom-up broadband technologies15.
Other interesting examples of multidisciplinary research projects are the Network of Excellence on Internet Science (EINS),
that aims to integrate multidisciplinary scientific understanding of Internet networks and their co-evolution with society,
and moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware whose blueprints are made publicly available
which facilitate the anywhere/anytime access to the Internet, and to new services So-called Cyber Physical Systems (CPS),
and with the Internet, is giving rise to what has been named as Industry 4. 019 This smart infrastructure is also increasingly getting to know people by aggregating personal and social data in massive data centres.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe DELIVERING A WEB SERVICE RESEARCH PROJECT EDUCATION
streams of data from interviews to social media into a central repository capable of giving a‘big picture'of European DSI that can provide strategic recommendations for the EC.
we have identified DSI actors as part of a larger social network and have mapped this network in a way that has not been possible before.
Social networks are defined formally as set of nodes (or network members) that are tied by one or more types of relations (Wasserman and Faust, 1994).
In the case of the DSI social network collected in this study, the nodes in a graph are organisations,
This dataset is likely to fairly represent the empirical phenomena at hand with two caveats 1) It has a bias towards English speakers as the survey was translated not into other European languages 2) As outreach was directed by the partners it is likely to reflect their social networks in more depth
than disconnected social networks. However, it is a large sample and thus worth exploring in detail. The graph of the networks is given in Figure 11
Successful actors in DSI have managed to leverage large networks using the Internet in order to accomplish innovation at scale by the network effect.
but via a recommendation system a future version of the Digital Social Innovation website could introduce innovators to both other local innovators
Top-down and systemic approaches The most relevant initiatives are the European Innovation Partnerships, Smart Cities, the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership Programme (FI-PPP),
The development of the Future Internet is addressed mainly through a number of technical projects, such as the FI PPP23 and the 5g PPP24.
TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS, DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION, SOCIAL VALUES Commercial social networks/markets (FB, Apple, Android...Federated Social networks (Diaspora...
Crowdsourcing Social web entrepreneurs Startup Europe Smart Cities Internet of things Bottom up and grassroots approaches A counterpoint to the top-down strategy is the bottom-up,
human-centred approach that is characterised by emergent forms of community intelligence. Relevant bottomup initiatives are the Collective Awareness Platform for Sustainability and Social Innovation (CAPS), Web entrepreneurs, young entrepreneurs in the field of active and healthy ageing, digital champions,
innovation camps and so on. In particular CAPS facilitates SI processes and democratic decision-making through distributed platforms that foster collective intelligence and leverage the potential for crowdsourcing, citizen science
and combines the informal nature of social networks with a methodological approach of foresights to engage stakeholders in the poliy making process.
Besides the standard tools available in most social networks, Futurium participatory tools offer several features to support collective foresight, such as scenario building, collective debate and voting for policies.
and provide a holistic framework to support them. 5. Democratic and distributed social network Distributes and federated social networks based on open source code and open standards to promote open democracy, collective debate, deliberation and voting.
I would call it Yups. com: Yups for the positive votes and Oops for the negative ones.
Also the Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish. 7. Gender Equality in DSI Promote gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT in DSI by tackling things such as criteria for funding
distributed cloud, distributed search, decentralised social networking, public identity management, and encrypted email service. The Internet ecosystem today is highly centralised The current Internet is dominated by a handful of mainly US companies that control all the layers of the ecosystem (app store, cloud, machine learning, devices),
and are imposing their rules of the game. Europe needs to invest in future infrastructures that reflect the European values,
support SMES and civic innovators and deliver public good. Distributed, privacy-aware enabling infrastructures can also reestablish trust.
DARPA led to the creation of the internet, the R&d funding at CERN led to the invention of the Web) Encourage people to think about:
Who could implement it (European commission, national governments, municipal etc.?Who will benefit? What are the barriers?
and told them we'll email their pledge back to them after six months (this keeps people on their toes
and encryption Federated identity management Data control and data ownership The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality Magna carta for the Internet Enabling
One of the most well-known is supported the Google programme Google for Entrepreneurs36 that in 2011 created a campus where innovation
according to their websites, inspire, connect and enable individuals and institutions around the world to sustainably impact society.
The Internet is the best example of the power of interoperability. Its open architecture has given billions of people around the world access to information,
the possibility to add (web) content and services themselves, access to devices and modular applications that talk to one another.
Today mobile devices with always-on Internet connectivity are becoming widespread. 74 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTEROPERABILITY50 In the area of copyright,
OPEN PLATFORMS Users of the Internet ecosystem include the independent application and service providers who have the right to use the future Internet infrastructure (including both data in a raw and processed form,
as well as access to computing resources). Any privileged access provided to the owner/managers of the infrastructure would alter free competition.
Federated Social Web Do-not-track technologies should be implemented in order to give users control over their social data and sensitive information,
Is federated the W3c Social Web Working Group58 to develop standards to make it easier to build
The federated web standards will also be implemented within the EC-funded D-CENT Project59 that is piloting federated social applications for participatory democracy.
therefore allowing for innovation in the wider economy based on the Future Internet users must be able to come (no barriers to entry)
A Magna carta for the Internet Tim Berners Lee, the inventor of the Web is advocating for a sort of Magna carta for the Internet to estabilish basic rights and freedoms,
to keep the Internet open, without surveillance and censorship, and to halt power abuses from Governments and corporations.
The Magna carta for the Internet goes along with recent UN General assembly (UNGA) resolution on The Right to privacy in the Digital Age. 68.
A Magna carta for all Web users could be directly crowd-sourced from the Web itself,
INVESTMENT ON ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURES Community and bottom-up networking is an emerging mode of the Future Internet,
and federated social networking. It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of
This should include the use of social networking platforms, independent media and other news applications. For instance, the elaboration of a newsletter or creating a DSI strategy blog would be a helpful instrument to spread the message from the European commission
and to provide updated information about policy deployment. A DSI networking platform that crowdmaps initiatives
As an example, the Fukushima prefecture in Japan hosts a map of the Safecast data on its website,
plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures. At regulatory level The Digital agenda emphasises the need to adopt open standards
Consultant Logica Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge Markkula Markku Committee
/sites/default/files/good incubation wv. pdf 1 Combinatorial innovation means combining ideas that already exist into new forms,
Does the Web Extend the Mind available online at: http://www. ibiblio. org/hhalpin/homepage/publications/websci2013-halpin-web-extend-the-mind. pdf and published as Harry Halpin.
Does the web extend the mind? Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Conference (2013): 139-147.3 Over-the-top is a general term for service providers that develop services that are utilized over a network that is owned by traditional network operators.
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:
Engines for sustainability and ethics'.'Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE 31.4 (2012): 54-62.5 http://www. nesta. org. uk/publications/making-sense-uk-collaborative-economy Manchester
Institute of Innovation Research Compendium of Evidence on Innovation Policy http://www. innovation-policy. net/compendium/20 impacts of Innovation Policy:
http://ia4si. eu/Impact Assessment for Social Innovation https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/sites/digital-agenda/files/IA4SI%20%E2
The tools for social innovation (2008) http://socialinnovationexchange. org/sites/default/files/event/attachments/Copy%20of%20generating social Innovation%20v4. pdf Innovation platform.
Social network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press D. Watts and S. Strogatz (1998. Collective dynamics of‘small-world'networks.
wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge commons 46 http://bit. ly/1kivc4h 47 http://www. w3. org/48 http://open-stand. org/about-us/principles/49 For more information
see the Communia website: http://bit. ly/V2knnk 50 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reinventing innovation policy Policy Tools and Action 20 http://ec. europa. eu
/information society/digital-agenda/index en. htm 21 http://ec. europa. eu/research/innovation-union/index en. cfm 22 http://ec. europa. eu
/programmes/horizon2020/23 http://www. fi-ppp. eu/24 http://5g-ppp. eu/25 http://www. internet-of-thingsresearch. eu 26
-agenda/en/about-startup-europe Interoperabilidad 51 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Interfaz de programaci%C3%B3n de aplicaciones 52 http://es. wikipedia. org
/wiki/Extensible markup language 53 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Resource description framework 54 http://linkeddata. org/55 http://www. w3. org/TR/rdf
-sparql-query/56 http://www. theopeninter. net/57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dataportability 58 http://www. w3. org/Social
/WG 59 http://dcentproject. eu 60 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hypertext transfer protocol secure 61 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Red privada virtual 62
http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/End-to-end encryption 63 https://abc4trust. eu/64 http://www. ftc. gov/system/files/documents/reports
http://www. fairphone. com 70 http://bubforeurope. net 71 http://www. theiteams. org/72 http://www. nesta. org. uk/sites
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Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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