and the need to make more incopyright material available through the site; -the need to actively promote voluntary agreements6 on the large scale digitisation
including by encouraging cultural institutions to bring all relevant digitised cultural material into the site;
and is available on the ERAWATCH website. Comments on this report are welcome and should be addressed to jrc-ipts-erawatch-helpdesk@ec. europa. eu. Copyright of this document belongs to the European commission.
According to the information available at the Euraxess website 13 Hungarian universities and research organisations declared the implementing the European Charter for Researchers and the Code of conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers.
According to the information available on different EIP websites Hungarian participants are involved in the following EIP actions:
Hungarian research institutes advertise very few (a mere 10 in March 2013 and 7 in December 2013) vacancies (for researcher positions) on the Euraxess website.
& Code(-)Few vacancies are published on EURAXESS website 4 ERA Framework 5 Priority European Research Infrastructures(+)National Research Infrastructure Register provides information of major Hungarian
the largest PRO in Hungary has several initiatives to attract best researchers(-)The size of initiatives is relatively low(-)Low number of vacancies are published 50 on EURAXESS website 31 Scientific Cooperation with Third Countries
and publish their results on it website(-)Regulation of doctoral schools doesn't mention the principles of innovative doctoral training Action 5:
A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu. How to obtain EU publications Our publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop. europa. eu),
Internet: www. worldbank. org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World bank with external contributions.
Doing Business 2015 Going Beyond Efficiency Resources on the Doing Business website Current features News on the Doing Business project http://www. doingbusiness. org Rankings How economies rank from 1 to 189
and Burgess (2004). 7. The report by the Independent Panel on Doing Business is available on its website at http://www. dbrpanel. org/.
for reasons of transparency Doing Business makes the disaggregated data available on its website. This allows users to construct alternative rankings with any set of weights they may wish to attach to individual indicators.
The Doing Business website presents comparable data for this year and last, making it possible to assess the extent to which there has been an improvement in business regulation in any economy as tracked by the distance to frontier measure.
The full series are available on the website. FIGURE 1. 1 What Doing Business continues to cover and
see its website at http://www. dbrpanel. org/./2. The distance to frontier score shows how far on average an economy is at a point in time from the best performance achieved by any economy on each Doing Business indicator since 2005 or the third year in
Subnational reports are available on the Doing Business website at http://www. doingbusiness. org/subnational.
and other types of laws available on the Doing Business law library website.)8 Because of the data checking
The Doing Business website shows the number of respondents for each economy and each indicator set.
and on the Doing Business website. A transparent complaint procedure allows anyone to challenge the data.
they are reflected immediately on the website. HOW DO GOVERNMENTS USE THE DATA? Over the past decade governments have focused increasingly on reforming business regulation as one way of maintaining competitiveness in an increasingly globalized economy.
see the website at http://www. enterprisesurveys. org. 3. These papers are available on the Doing Business website at http://www. doingbusiness. org/methodology. 4. For getting credit,
and weighting methods is available on the Doing Business website at http://www. doingbusiness. org/methodology. 6. For more details,
The full data series are available on the Doing Business website. Revising the ranking calculation Doing Business continues to publish the ease of doing business ranking.
and its work, see its website at http://www. dbrpanel. org. 2. See the data notes for more details. 3. Where the second
and import by implementing computerized systems that allow web-based submission of documents. Croatia switched to an electronic customs system as part of reforms in preparation for accession to the European union.
And reliable internet and electricity connections are critical to ensure that online platforms function properly.
the Office of the Registrar General makes official fee schedules for business services easily available to the general public at its premises as well as on its website. 14 Rwanda has made important strides in improving its business environment over the past 10
And through a web service the system performs automatic identity checks with the tax and civil registry authorities.
All the incorporation forms are available at no cost on the Companies House website and come with detailed instructions.
as a result of more burdensome regulations. 4. See, for example, the website of the Companies Office of Jamaica at http://www. orcjamaica. com/profile/and that of the Companies Registry of Hong kong at http://www. cr. gov. hk
Information from the website of the Rwandan Office of the Registrar General at http://org. rdb. rw/.
Information from the website of the Rwandan Office of the Registrar General at http://org. rdb. rw/.
In Canada the building code requires a builder to obtain a zoning permit before even applying for a site plan approval and the technical review of a development application.
In the Philippines it takes 5 days on average to obtain the site clearance from the City planning
Very few require a site inspection as part of this process, but in those that do, the overall permitting system tends to be less efficient.
Zoning maps are available on the website of the Municipality of Guatemala city at http://vu. muniguate. com/index. php?
where the land registry and the cadastre allow users to file anonymous complaints through their website,
where the website of the Registrar General Department enables users to fill out a form providing feedback
For more on the information available, see the website of Sweden's mapping, cadastral and land registration authority (Lantmäteriet) at http://www. lantmateriet. se/en/Maps-and-geographic-information. 13.
For more on the information available, see the website of the Lithuanian Real property Cadastre and Register at http://www. registrucentras. lt. 14.
For more on the information available, see the website of the Land Registry of Panama at https://www. registro-publico. gob. pa/index. php/es/icons. html. 15.
see the website of the Department of the Director General of Land and Mines of Malaysia at http://www. kptg. gov. my/?
For more information, see the website of the Registrar General Department of Mauritius at http://registrar. mof. gov. mu/English/Pages/About%20the%20department/Land. aspx. 17.
One way to do so is through an online platform accessed with a traditional internet browser.
For more information on IOSCO, see its website at http://www. iosco. org/about/./d. Huang, Elkinawy and Jain 2013.
and Google Scholar (http://scholar. google. com). 2. The conference took place at Georgetown University's Mcdonough School of business in WASHINGTON DC.
If 2 procedures can be completed through the same website but require separate filings, they are counted as 2 separate procedures.
computerized system (the Web-Based One Customs system) for the submission and processing of export
Taiwan, China Getting electricity Taiwan, China, made getting electricity easier by eliminating site inspections. Getting credit Taiwan, China, improved access to credit information by beginning to include data from utility companies in credit reports.
Contact details for local partners are available on the Doing Business website at http://www. doingbusiness. org.
OFFICE, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Bing Zhai JUN HE LAW OFFICE, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Sarah Zhang HOGAN LOVELLS Yi Zhang KING & WOOD
SA BUSINESS & LAW BLOG ENERGY REGULATORY OFFICE PWC POLAND Michal Anastasiu KANCELARIA PRAWA GOSPODARCZEGO I EKOLOGICZNEGO DR BARTOSZ DRANIEWICZ Celestyna Barganska
To be selected, ideas must receive at least 10,000 votes on the crowdsourcing site. Once the project has received its 10,000 supporters,
Its mission control centre for social media demonstrates the potential of social business, putting social media literally at the centre of the way the company approaches marketing.
Gatorade created the Gatorade Mission Control Centre-a room that sits in the middle of the marketing department of its headquarters in Chicago
Facebook activities and blog postings that mention the brand, its endorsers, competitors and broader sports nutrition topics are tracked in real time,
Initial results are impressive, with claims of a 250%increase in engagement and 65%reduction in early (web page exits.
Using Consumer Segmentation and Social media to Drive Market Growth The impact of digitisation on marketing,
Mckinsey states that more than 75%of the value add created by the internet can be found in traditional industries4.
Internet Matters. Essays in Digital Transformation 14 Objectives Practically, five objectives have been set which need to be reached.
and the presence and connection to internet (i e. business function‘infrastructure), 'whilst input, processing and output functions are impacted less by digital technologies.
Also, the 2013 Commission Staff Working Document'Strengthening the environment for Web entrepreneurs in the EU'24 proposes an action with regard to venture capital
Strengthening the environment for Web entrepreneurs in the EU Lack of information and financial knowledge is for some SMES
and returning forms 50%of pop. using e-government 15%of pop. having never used the internet 75%of pop. using internet regularly 60%of disadvantages people using internet regularly 50%of pop. buying online
Launch specific actions for web entrepreneurs. Strengthen competences and skills. Adopted in June 2008, the Small Business Act for Europe reflects the European commission's political will to recognise the central role of SMES in the EU economy.
Starting from raising general ICT awareness and financing basic ICT investments and internet connectivity, e-business policies have matured towards personalised ebusiness coaching,
and use this data to transform raw data into apps, websites or other products. Leverage success stories to increase awareness
and the private sector-online courses to close knowledge gaps (e g. accounting, web development, coding,).Description Leverage the European ecompetence Framework to identify which e-leadership skills are currently lacking across the European union.
Development and promotion of open online courses in various fields (e g. accounting, web development, finance. Owner:
and support-web portal as single point of information on existing financial instruments for entrepreneurs Actively promote these financial instruments through:
a central website linking to the national Points of Single Contact. Leverage the Service Directive to extend the scope of PSCS to other sectors (currently covers the services sector only.
All PSCS are part of the European EUGO network, a central website to access all PSCS in Europe.
and the private sector-online courses to close knowledge gaps (e g. accounting, web development, coding,).Pillar 4:
Strengthening the environment for Web entrepreneurs in the EU-European commission (2012. A Stronger European Industry for Growth and Economic Recovery.
Using Consumer Segmentation and Social media to Drive Market Growth-Tesco PLC (2012. Tesco Homeplus expands number of virtual stores.
4%2. 9%3. 6%Museums and preservation of historical sites and buildings 0. 0%0. 3%0. 4%0. 4%0. 7
and use of computers and computer networks (wired and wireless) as well as the presence and type of connection to the Internet.
and an online site was created to manage communications and providea digital forum for the organisations to communicate at any time.
or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies. the term characterizes not only a technical development,
. ie You can print off a copy of the feedback form from our website and post it to us at:
Complications from surgery in the hospitals using the checklist were reduced by almost one third compared to the control sites and mortality by almost a half (41.
the standards developers themselves have a keen interest in ensuring the adoption of their standards. http://www. hisi. ie/media/Report of the health ict industry group november 2009. pdf Ï http://www. etsi. org/Website/Aboutetsi/Introduction
Journal Medical Internet Research. 2001; Accessed on: 19 may 2011.2) Australian National E-Health and Information Principal Committee.
http://www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/content/604cf066be4 8789dca25751d000c15c7/$file/National%20ehealth%20strategy%20final. pdf. Accessed on:
http://www. ithealthboard. health. nz/sites/all/files/National%20health%20it%20plan%20v11 1. pdf. Accessed on:
http://www. google. ie/#hl=en&biw=1020&bih=539&sa=X&ei=kwamtfqh F9-qhafzisizcw&ved=0cbqqvwuoaq&q=An+EHEALTH+Transition+strategy.%
35 3. Cooperation on Internet management processes (Internet governance...35 4. Developing international network law and the protection of human rights...
We advocate the continuing development of the global Internet as an open, safe and free space that protects diversity of opinion and the exchange of ideas,
The Internet and digitisation add new dimensions to the transfer of knowledge. Networked research is making the process of discovery and invention and their transfer into innovation faster than ever before.
A powerful, open Internet opens up widespread access to the digital world. Expertise in media and technology is a prerequisite for users'control over their own deployment of digital technologies.
purchase products and services on the Internet or do training courses online. Our home, learning and working environments are all becoming increasingly digitally networked.
Our citizens and our enterprises must be able to access the Internet via fixed and mobile networks.
we will also put in place the necessary resources to expand mobile Internet services. The digital transformation has become a central challenge for industry, science, society and policymakers.
However, the Internet does more than merely drive growth and innovation. It also facilitates participation in societal developments and decision-making processes,
half of all Internet users do not feel that their data is safe online, we have good cause to feel alarmed:
The use of encryption and other security mechanisms is necessary to ensuring Internet safety. Companies must also bear a large degree of responsibility in this regard by making these technologies easy to access
and use for all Internet users. For our part, we will make citizens aware of existing security risks and support companies in the use of secure information and communications technologies.
Where necessary, we will also offer our citizens services that enable safe use of the Internet.
Working together to shape the digital transformation Everyone should be able to develop their own full potential on the Internet
and play a role in shaping the Internet. Companies do this by driving innovative technologies and developing new business models and bringing these to market.
We must also ensure that the huge opportunities presented by the Internet and digitisation, in particular the new forms of communication and access to information they enable,
the publishing of machine-readable state data on the Internet, we will strive to create greater transparency
and representatives of the Internet community on a long-term basis to implement and further develop the Digital Agenda.
which are being influenced by mobile Internet use and by cloud and social media applications, are being used for new business models.
These changes are having a massive impact at the very heart of our economy. Networked production or Industry 4. 0 has the potential to recast value added chains
We wish to preserve the free and open Internet in its current form and safeguard its role as a space for diversity of opinion, participation and innovation.
However, this must not occur at the expense of the freedom, openness or continued quality improvement of the best-effort Internet.
and competition can develop unhindered by any abusive activities carried out by dominant Internet corporations.
Meanwhile, we will improve Internet data protection and consumer information in relation to online companies. Informational self-determination and data autonomy for consumers must be based on the core principles of transparency with accessible customer information
We are strongly supporting the adoption of an EU-wide basic regulation on data protection enshrining the applicability of EU data protection law for Internet enterprises based outside the EU (marketplace principle.
This will involve fairly reconciling the interests of right-holders and users, Internet service providers and Internet users.
In addition, we are inviting young people to become involved in suitable structures for peer support. zzwe are continuing the An Internet for children (Ein Netz für Kinder) initiative,
therefore assessing how family support services contracted on the Internet can be targeted better towards helping parents reconcile family and working life on a partnership basis and how, in this process,
what the Internet has to offer. zzthe flexibility of digital environments also offers huge potential in the area of equal opportunities policy.
and advance online equality as a topic in its own right. 5. Fostering digital engagement With the Internet becoming ever more important in our daily lives,
intergenerational engagement to promote media skills in the area of the Internet and other new media.
the Internet not only offers an almost inexhaustible source of inspiration but also opens up new potential applications, business models and means of dissemination.
a publicly funded research institute will investigate the ethical, legal, economic and participatory aspects of the Internet and digitisation.
and technology analysis. 6. Culture and media Digital technologies and distribution via the Internet have revolutionised
and they can operate with maximum security on the Internet. Consumers will not trust online shops
email services and social networks unless their data is secure and not misused. Companies will not trust new business models
and companies Our aim is to protect the privacy of individuals and their communication on the Internet.
Internet providers must also take responsibility for ensuring that users can operate securely online. We are making industry
web tracking or cloud computing to protect privacy. 32 VI. SICHERHEIT, SCHUTZ UND VERTRAUEN FÜR GESELLSCHAFT UND WIRTSCHAFT zzin response to global networking and revelations about the misuse of personal data
We support the establishment of an Internet arbitration board. zzin order to identify shortcomings in digital products and services at an early stage,
and ensure they are equipped better to distinguish between legal and illegal activities on the Internet. zzwe will clarify the future status and role of the Data protection Foundation (Stiftung Datenschutz).
We will thus house the processing of all Internet activities relating to these incidents under one roof. zzwe will adapt the criminal law to the digital age
free and secure global Internet as a space for diversity of opinion, participation, innovation and as an engine for economic growth and work.
Some of the basic issues surrounding management of the Internet (such as the assignment and coordination of critical Internet resources) are decided at a global level.
, completion of the digital single market, data protection, the protection of intellectual property on the Internet,
With the appointment of an independent Digital Champion (an Internet ambassador for Germany) to the European commission, we can present established national measures to our partners.
We will continue to actively follow discussions on the subject of the Internet among other issues, within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and debate them with interested experts.
We will also actively help to shape the debate on digital issues in the OECD. 3. Cooperation on Internet management processes (Internet governance) We participate actively in discussions on the follow-up process to the two world summits on the information society (WSIS+10
) including the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) and its preparatory meeting (Eurodig IGFDEUTSCHLAND). ) Our aim is to ensure the participation of all stakeholders (multi-stakeholder approach.
EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF THE DIGITAL AGENDA We actively participate in discussions conducted under the auspices of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) on the reorganisation of control over the assignment and coordination of critical Internet resources
we will continue to regularly discuss our positions on issues relating to Internet governance with German stakeholders.
We also support the development of the Sao Paolo Process for creating universal Internet principles.
We will coordinate our positions on issues relating to Internet governance at European level. 4. Developing international network law
zzwe are increasing German involvement in www. freedomonlinecoalition. com. zzwe are continuing the Internet and human rights round table with the involvement of civil society and the private sector. 5. Digitisation in development cooperation We are using digitisation as an important element of development cooperation.
mobile phone and internet applications that are powering these changes. The needs span a wide range of skills,
30 5. 3 Web literacy...32 5. 4 Complementary skills...34 Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment vi Page 6 Entrepreneurship skills and support...
52 7. 4. 3 Social media...53 7. 4. 4 Mobile phones learning on the go...53 7. 5 Certification...
mobile phones, social media, and the game industry. For today's youth this signals an opportunity, if the right steps are taken.
that are a direct result of advances in ICTS and global internet diffusion. Many of these areas are experiencing exponential growth.
they are likely to lack the life skills required for formal employment as well as the social networks needed to obtain new opportunities.
Website: www. ckw. applab. org 63 Gary Gereffi et al.""Skills for Upgrading: Workforce Development and Global Value Chains in Developing Countries,"(Duke university:
Electrical and internet infrastructure is sometimes lacking, explaining why some programmes prefer mobile phones over computers.
Website: www. smsforlife. com 3. 3 Offshore services Over the past two decades the offshore services industry has turned into one of the most dynamic sectors,
Instead of looking in the local newspaper, youth around the world browse web-based job listings to find work.
Those with limited access to the internet carry out their job searches at public venues telecentres, libraries,
This includes a need for people with skills to develop accessible software and websites for people with disabilities.
educated workers to use existing web-based job-matching services to find job openings, many workers may not have access to job postings on the internet
and may lack the social networks to find out about work opportunities. Searching for informal sector jobs often occurs through word-of-mouth,
which limits people to their immediate social group. Employers may find it hard to identify lower-skilled workers for entry-level jobs in developing countries as many of the job matching services target more qualified candidates.
and men largely dominate internet cafes. Website: www. souktel. org 4. 2 Microwork and crowdsourcing As discussed in chapter 3,
offshore services have turned into one of the most dynamic sectors employing people around the world.
Maximizing Mobile, 75.85 Crowdsourcing, Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Crowdsourcing, accessed on December 3, 2012.
The Crowdsourcing Examples Wiki maintains a comprehensive list of businesses, sites, and forums that use crowdsourcing. 86 Crowdflower Crowdflower is one of the largest crowdsourcing platforms,
and labelling for major online retail and auction sites like Amazon, ebay, and Taoboa, to customer database management, to content creation.
and is based in San francisco. 87 Website: http://crowdflower. com 86 Anjali Ramachandran, Crowdsourcing Examples, http://crowdsourcingexamples. pbworks. com and http://crowdsourcingexamples. pbworks. com/w/page/16668424/Individual
businesses%2c sites or forums that channel the power of online crowds. 87 Lehdonvirta, and Ernkvist, Knowledge Map Of The Virtual Economy, 28.
or project that can be completed via the internet or mobile devices. Microwork is considered the smallest the most granular unit of work in a virtual assembly line. 88 It also requires the lowest level of skills.
using the internet or mobile phones. Workers are paid small amounts of money for completing each task.
like tagging products on an e-commerce site. Referred to as a kind of digital blue-collar work,
The m2work challenge calls for participants to identify real-world problems that could be addressed by millions of underprivileged people equipped with internet-connected mobile phones.
whose Microforester app would aid reforestation projects. 88 Microwork, Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Microwork, accessed on December 3, 2012 89 World bank, New Frontiers and Opportunities in Work.
ICT is Dramatically Reshaping the Global Job market (ICT Policy Notes, World bank, June 2012). 90 Ibid. 91 Monitor Group
Job creation Through Building the Field of Impact Sourcing,(Rockefeller Foundation, 2011), www. rockefellerfoundation. org/blog/job creation-through-building-field.
Samasource secures contracts with companies including Google, Intuit, and CISCO; it has provided services to Linkedin and the U s. State department,
to provide data entry, digitization, content moderation, and other services. Component tasks (microwork) are distributed to the workforce,
Website: www. samasource. org 4. 3 Apps development There is speculation regarding how the growing trend of apps development will generate new employment opportunities for young people around the world.
and social media, and the applications-apps-that run on them, is one of the biggest economic and technological phenomena today.
530,000 jobs and rising,(Vision Mobile, September 2013), www. visionmobile. com/blog/2013/09/report-the-eu-app-economy-530000-jobs-and-rising/94
The New App Economy,(June 2012) 4, www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-app-economy/.
Large companies such as Amazon, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and RIM, who develop and maintain mobile app ecosystems/platforms.
In many developing countries where mobile phones are the primary means of accessing information via the internet,
97 there is a rapidly growing need for people with the technical skills who can develop accessible software, websites,
Website: atedec. wordpress. com 4. 7 Green jobs There is increasing consensus in the development community that the global environmental crisis is an opportunity for employment in
In addition to jobs that require higher education such as engineering, the pervasive use of ICT applications from web portals, text messages (SMS), mobile phone based monitoring systems,
community mapping and social media tools are offering new ways that young people can play a role in smart energy-efficient economic growth,
The popularization of Web 2. 0, social media, mobile apps, and other ICT advancements have changed dramatically the playing field.
and web literacy, among others. New curricula and training programs have emerged to cover the broader set of skills contained within these new frameworks.
the concept of web literacy is explored, exemplifying new thinking around 113 Youthpolicy. org, www. youthpolicy. org/blog/category/rio-2012/.114 Michael Davidson and Kyle Gracey.
Green Jobs for Youth, 2011, http://switchboard. nrdc. org/blogs/mdavidson/Youthgreenjobs%20-%20gracey,%20davidson. pdf. 115 UN Focal point on Youth,
UN World Youth Report Website, last modified on December 29, 2011, www. unworldyouthreport. org/index. php?
using email and web browser; installing software and hardware. Advanced computer skills (sample: programming; using advanced features of productivity programmes;
and web-based collaborative services (e g. track changes, comments on a document or resource, tags, contribution to wikis, etc.)
and receive feedback Can use social media for different collaborative purposes Attitude examples Is willing to share
what it means to be digitally literate. 5. 3 Web literacy While digital literacy may be established the most concept,
other efforts have emerged also that reflect differing philosophies of how the internet should be maintained, as well as different skillsets.
The concept of web literacies is worth discussing in this context. Advanced by the Mozilla Foundation in collaboration with global experts
web literacies refers to not only being able to read the web but also having the ability to‘write'it.
Writing the web creating pages, documents and multimedia assets means understanding the building blocks of the web.
As Mitchell Baker (Chairperson of Mozilla) says, we want to move beyond‘elegant consumption'towards creating a generation of Webmakers.
and make things with and on the web. 122 122 Doug Belshaw,""Working towards a framework to understand the skills,
Web skills/Competencies/Literacies grid EXPLORING CREATING CONNECTING PROTECTING BEGINNER Browser basics (e g. URLS, copy/paste) HTML basics (e g. adding images,
HTTPS, password management) Web mechanics (e g. view source, hyperlinks) Web design basics (e g. affordances of the web,
designing for audiences) Sharing (e g. social networks, embedding) Rights online (e g. copyright, open licensing) INTERMEDIATE Browser skills (e g. cookie management,
javascript syntax) Contributing to web communities (e g. distributed working, collaborative curation) Identity (e g. personal information curation,
tracking management) Credibility (e g. trustworthiness of websites, evaluating information) Advanced web design (e g. responsive design,
hackable games) Infrastructure (e g. hosting, domains) Open practices (e g. open standards, open source) Legalese on the web (e g. privacy policies, terms of service agreements) Source:
Household tech names such as Google, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia and Vodafone all have a presence there,
and their communities. 128 David Rowan, Want to become an Internet billionaire? Move to Africa,(wired. com. uk, November 4, 2011), www. wired. co. uk/news/archive/2011-11/04/get-rich-move-to-africa. 129 Anna Heim,
Your app, website or other idea may be great but if you don't understand marketing, if you don't understand how to build a company around it
I-Hub Blog, October 23, 2012, www. ihub. co. ke/blog/2012/10/silicon-savannah-hype-or-reality-a-recap-of-last-weeks-event/.
email (and managing mailing lists) presentations virtual collaboration Research: ability to find and assess information using online and personal networks due diligence, market research Marketing:
managing online identity print digital images electronic marketing social media skills: blogging, social media management basic understanding of search engine optimization (SEO) 135 Technology management:
picking the right management information system (MIS) ability to assess rapidly changing technology tools integrating technology tools into business operations software updates data security
and tactics used to increase the amount of visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the search results pages of internet search engines such as Google,
Firefox, Yahoo and other search engines. SEO helps to ensure that a site is accessible to a search engine
and improves the chances that the site will be found by the search engine. 136 Jonathan Kalan, Why Jordan Looks More Like Kenya than Silicon valley,(wamda. com, November 21, 2012), www. wamda. com/2012/11/why-jordan
-looks-more-like-kenya-than-silicon-valley. Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 39 Micromentor is an initiative of the nonprofit humanitarian agency Mercy Corps that offers free online guidance to entrepreneurs
and a specific mentoring request on their website. The request is listed then in the mentoring opportunity database,
The website has more than 3 500 entrepreneurs and 2 600 business mentors enrolled and it has made more than 2 250 matches.
Volunteer mentors can also sign up on the website. Micromentor reports that participating businesses had a 75 per cent increase in median annual business sales and an 87 per cent survival rate year over year.
Website: www. micromentor. org Social networks are important sources of community support and can provide access to capital, skills, distribution channels,
and qualified peers to start new business activities. Informal social networks, consisting of acquaintances, investors as well as other mobile entrepreneurs,
or peers, serve three distinct purposes in the development of new ventures discovering opportunities, securing new resources,
Crowdfunding is the collective effort of individuals who network and pool their money, usually via the internet,
Website: www. vc4africa. biz Contests are another popular way to compete for funding. Every year witnesses more and more contests national,
Website: world2013. itu. int/event/innovation Venture funds are also being established by many organizations to fund startups.
Website: www. oasis500. com 142 Devin Thorpe, Why Crowdfunding Will Explode In 2013, Forbes, October 15, 2012,
www. forbes. com/sites/devinthorpe/2012/10/15/get-ready-here-it-comes-crowdfunding-will-explode-in-2013/.
Website: www. iyfnet. org/build-your-business 6. 5 Mobile resources An increasing number of mobile phone resources are enabling entrepreneurs to access capital,
not only for contacting customers and accessing the internet, but also for making financial transactions, establishing a client database,
It has 12 million people who rely on it using the company's 20 000 distribution sites.
and sell over the internet, bringing with it more efficient markets. 8villages is a mobile platform that links Indonesian farmers to their communities of peers and their external business partners.
Website: www. 8villages. com/6. 6 Comprehensive programmes Many organizations and initiatives provide a suite of services,
Website: www. microsoft. com/about/corporatecitizenship/en-us/youthspark/youthsparkhub/7 Getting there becoming ICT-savvy Young people have an innate appetite for learning-be it, alone, in the school system,
while the teacher as the digital immigrant may perceive technologies as a new part of the educational landscape. d. Internet resources can bypass peer review,
and web-enhanced instruction. In flipped classrooms, 149 for instance, technologies are integrated intricately in the teaching process.
Video lectures and other class-related information are delivered via the internet. The story of Kelvin Doe Kelvin Doe is a young teenager from Sierra leone
Many LMSS integrate web 2. 0 tools and applications such as prezi (prezi. com), slideshare (slideshare. net), youtube (youtube. com
facebook (facebook. com), evernote (evernote. com), and dropbox (dropbox. com), to name a few which are readily available through tablets, mobile phones, and personal computers.
Website: www. avu. org One appeal of the blended model for youth and lifelong learners is the flexibility it offers to combine work and study.
and the vast amount of free content available on the internet, the student (young and old) can choose what
As of September 2013 Coursera has had 17 million enrolments from students in 190 countries. 155 Website:
and adopt connectivist pedagogy principles156 to deploy free and open access to instructional material on the internet.
In the education sector, students enrolled in MOOCS are found to collaborate through social media and Meetups161 from their own locales across the world.
ICTS and social media have brought down the barriers to collaboration and openness. 162 With these barriers removed,
See more at www. meetup. com/.162 Clay Shirky, The Political Power of Social media, Foreign affairs 90,
no. 1 (2011): 28 41.163 Nilofer Merchant, Let Your Ideas Go,"(Harvard Business Review, Blogs.
Hbr. org, June 26, 2012), http://blogs. hbr. org/cs/2012/06/let your ideas go. html. Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 49 Figure 18:
Website: info. p2pu. org 7. 2 Partnerships for learning and jobs As noted in chapters 3 and 4,
ITU Google summer of code, launched in 2005, is a global programme that has granted over 6 000 stipends to post-secondary developers for writing code for open source software projects.
Website: code. google. com/soc 7. 3 Learning and innovation places The classic notion of the learning place is associated with organized institutions such as schools, universities,
and vocational training centres. With the advance of new learning models described above, youth are taking learning to places like technology hubs, co-working spaces,
and wide adoption of web 2. 0 technologies would give rise to social networking, collaborative content creation and democratized innovation. 165 The technological changes seen in the intervening years have gone already farther than predicted in that report,
especially in terms of the widespread impact of social networking and new locales for learning. 7. 3. 1 Co-working spaces and technology hubs There are a growing number of co-working spaces
The ihub provides a space where young entrepreneurial members can receive mentorship, internet connectivity and the possibility of venture funding through connections with the international venture capital community.
web and mobile phone programmers, designers and researchers. The ihub is part open community workspace (co-working), part nexus for investors and venture capitalists,
Website: www. ihub. co. ke 7. 3. 2 Hacker/maker spaces Another type of space is the hackerspace, or makerspace.
thus becoming a fertile ground for innovation and creation. 167 Ranging from video games to repositories to open courseware to social media,
the internet offers multiple possibilities to acquire information and share knowledge. 7. 4. 1 Online repositories With the ongoing explosion of content and choices, there is the need to organize
Over a thousand users visit the site daily to access hundreds of titles in the repository free to download
Website: www. etnassoft. com 7. 4. 2 Games It is estimated that young people spend an average of two hours a day playing video and/or online games.
Website: www. minecraftedu. com/167 Manuel Castells and Gustavo Cardoso, The Network Society,(WASHINGTON DC: Johns Hopkins Center for Transatlantic Relations, 2006.
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 53 7. 4. 3 Social media Social media are used extensively for learning as well.
Some of the major sites (e g. Facebook and Twitter) became known as platforms for the exchange of personal stories and leisure activities,
but more and more people are using these for educational and professional purposes as well. Social networks, blogs, podcasts, video sharing (Youtube, Vimeo), photo sharing (Flickr, Picasa), social bookmarks (Evernote, del icio us), presentation sharing (Prezi, slideshare), discussion
forums (Google groups), events (Meetup) and thousands of other platforms are being used by individuals and institutions of learning to enrich the learning experience.
people who enrol in MOOCS take advantage of both online social media tools and applications such as Meetup to organize face-to-face study sessions at a local coffeehouse, library,
and Google, also offer certificates. The self-directed learner can earn some of these certificates online directly.
Website: www. ecdl. org 7. 5. 1 Badges New thinking is entering the certification arena,
www. forbes. com/sites/parmyolson/2012/09/06/why-estonia-has started-teaching-its-first-graders-to-code/.
and support as they have shown to be fertile sites for innovation and learning. Promoting these kinds of activities requires openness to uncertainty and risk.
and then launched hackathons (such as the Summer of code with support from Google) to develop apps for these two systems.
Beyond these sectors, the internet itself is responsible for making possible new opportunities that have generated livelihoods for millions of people.
and other emerging income generating activities owe their existence to global internet expansion that continues to connect more and more of the world's population.
these new opportunities require one or more of several other abilities in such areas as information seeking, communication, collaboration, content production, multimedia creation, web design, security and privacy
Anyone with an internet connection can access open courseware, enrol in a MOOC course, or receive a badge certifying mastery of a subject.
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 63 and have driven the explosive expansion of social media and other web 2. 0 applications.
Telecentres, libraries, community technology centres and other places that offer computer resources, internet connectivity, and space for group activity are positioned ideally to implement programmes that will provide youth with the skills
Green Jobs for Youth. 2011. http://switchboard. nrdc. org/blogs/mdavidson/Youthgreenjobs%20-%20gracey,%20davidson. pdf. European commission.
I-Hub Blog, October 23, 2012, www. ihub. co. ke/blog/2012/10/silicon-savannah-hype-or-reality-a-recap-of-last-weeks-event/.
Harvard Business Review, HBR Blog Network, June 26, 2012. http://blogs. hbr. org/cs/2012/06/let your ideas go. html. Miller, Riel, Hanne Shapiro,
Rockefeller Foundation, 2011. www. rockefellerfoundation. org/blog/job creation-through-building-field. Moraa, Hilda and Wangechi Mwangi.
Forbes. com, September 6, 2012. www. forbes. com/sites/parmyolson/2012/09/06/why-estonia-has started-teaching-itsfirst-graders-to-code/.
September 2013, www. visionmobile. com/blog/2013/09/report-the-eu-app-economy-530000-jobs-and-rising/Partnership for 21st Century Skills."
Want to become an internet billionaire? Move to Africa. wired. com. uk, November 4, 2011. www. wired. co. uk/news/archive/2011-11/04/get-rich-move-to-africa.
The Political Power of Social media. Foreign affairs 90, no. 1 (2011): 28 41. Sondergaard, Lars, and Mamta Murthi.
2012. www. forbes. com/sites/devinthorpe/2012/10/15/get-ready-here-it-comes-crowdfunding-willexplode-in-2013/.
UN World Youth Report Website. Last modified on December 29, 2011. www. unworldyouthreport. org/index. php?
The New App Economy. 2012. www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-appeconomy/.
Affordances of the web Refers to properties of a web site's user interface that allows the easy discovery of possible actions.
Crowdfunding The collective effort of individuals who network and pool their money, usually via the internet, to support an entrepreneur's business.
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 70 HTML Hypertext markup language (HTML) is the main markup language for creating web pages
and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. HTTP and HTTPS The Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol that forms the foundation of the World wide web.
Information technology Outsourcing (ITO) Refers to the outsourcing of computer or internet related work, such as programming.
Web 2. 0 Websites that allow users to interact, collaborate, and create content (in contrast to static websites).
Web literacy Refers to not only being able to read the web but also having the ability to‘write'it (create pages, documents and multimedia assets).
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