Internet and various kinds of enterprise software. But they have been slow to adopt, or are skeptical of, more advanced digital technologies like social media and analytics.
20%by 2020 5. 0%(2012) Regular internet usage overall Among disadvantaged people 75%by 2015 60%by 2015 60%by 2020 45%by 2020 45.0
%(2013) 24.0%(2012) Population that has used never the internet 15%by 2015 30%by 2020 48.0%(2012) Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms 50%by 2015 25%by 2015 35%by 2020 20%by 2020 5. 0%(2013) 2
and energy sustainability Fighting poverty and social exclusion Population to buy online Population to buy online cross-border SME's to make online sales Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed
Climate change and energy sustainability Education Fighting poverty and social exclusion Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps Regular internet
disadvantaged people Population that has used never the internet Key cross-border public services, online 4. 2. Improving social inclusion through access to broadband ICT infrastructure IV-Fast and ultra-fast internet access Whereas the strategy was developed by the Ministry for Information Society,
Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services
and relevant infrastructure in schools Ministry of Education (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) ICT in Education%individuals using the internet regularly.
75%by 2020%individuals from the category of those disfavored using the internet. Target: 50%by 2020%of pupils trained with TIC skill.
and Internet usage at the regional level Promoting the system of learning together Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations:
and Internet usage at the regional level Promoting the system of learning together Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations:
Ministry of Labor (responsible) Ministry for Information Society (support) einclusion%individuals using the internet regularly.
75%by 2020%individuals from the category of those disfavored using the internet. Target: 50%by 2020%of individuals who have used never the internet.
Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology%of pupils trained with TIC skill. Target: 75%by 2020%education facilities using OER, Web 2. 0 in education.
25%by 2020%individuals who use the internet to order goods and services from other countries members of the UE.
10%by 2020%individuals who use the internet to order goods and services. Target: 30%by 2020#of competency centers developed on a regional level.
To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of broadband internet connections Target: To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of fixed telephony lines Target:
To be defined based on Appendix 5 Methodology#of households with access to internet broadband (at least 30mbps) Target:
BIG DATA AND SOCIAL MEDIA 2. 1 EGOVERNMENT AND INTEROPERABILITY 2. 1. 1 Introduction Preamble The combination of the use of advanced ICT, especially the Internet,
it is important not to limit the scope of this initiative to a restrictive definition of delivering transactional public services over the Internet,
telecom infrastructure (calculated depending on%of internet users,%of subscribers of fixed telephony,%subscribers of mobile telephony, %internet subscribers in fixed line and%broadband subscribers) the index of human capital (generated depending on the education level noticed on adults and%of school enrolments).
Sursa: EGOVERNMENT Survey 2014, United nations Page 37 of 170 Current status: In Europe, the average usage of egovernment in European union countries taken together is around 40%of EU population In Romania,
European commission Strategy http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/news/eu-cybersecurity-plan-protect-open-internet-and-online-freedom-and-opportunity-cybersecurity In its Pillar III
45%of the Romanian users use the Internet at least once a week 52%of the Romanian users are at least fairly confident in buying online
Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Development of educational programs (Enabler) Educational programs in the forms of compulsory education on the safe use of the Internet and computing equipment Responsible:
Social media, together with the wider internet have become useful business tools in other countries, currently helping governments to be part of the conversation.
However, there is also a generational split as younger people use the Internet less outside social networking sites in all Member States,
while older people who use social networking sites are practically Page 58 of 170 the same as the percentage of Internet users.
Based on a study published by Eurostat in December 2012,73%of Romanians are using the internet to read newspapers online.
Posting messages on social media occupies with 48%the second place in the classification of the motivation for using the internet,
creation of a website and internet banking, the last reason being claimed only by 8%of users.
Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Social media Operational systems available The information provided by Big data systems does not include personal information
Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Social media Operational systems available (Operational) Definition of the analysis process for the data
computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies and telephony. The benefits are translated into improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of education at all levels
and in both formal and non-formal settings. 3. 1. 2 European context An advanced digital society requires that most citizens can regularly access the Internet and benefit from the opportunities if offers.
and 60%of people in disadvantaged groups using the Internet on a regular basis, and of reducing the percentage of population that has used never it to below 15%.
and the Internet in the learning process is the pupil access to these technologies. Besides the horizontal measures of improvement in the number of broadband connections, development of digital infrastructure and increase of digital inclusion, the best practices show as appropriate the direct intervention in education, an acceleration factor of digitalization
Interactive visual materials and additional sources of information provided by the Internet will increase student engagement.
which are listed below regular telephone lines, Internet, Intranet and satellites. Telemedicine is used by the suppliers in a more and more increased number of medical specialties
including-but not limited to the following listing-regular phone lines, Internet, Intranet and satellites. Telemedicine is used by providers in an increasing number of specialties including dermatology, oncology, radiology, surgery, cardiology and psychiatry.
and upload them on the Internet. This investment has led to an unprecedented period of technical research and development in the European cultural heritage sector,
With more than 80 000 visually impaired people living in Romania, the Iasi County Public library approached the Biblionet Romania programme (including voice recognition software and other specialized Internet functions and capabilities
Public libraries Break down Barriers to einclusion Just 19%of disadvantaged people in Romania are regular Internet users
browsing the Internet, online banking and commerce, and social media. National Indicators pertaining to ICT in Culture In order to estimate the necessary ICT investment in culture,
educating the youth the segment of population most active on internet, and with very low preoccupation for traditional occupations and increasing their interest in traditional practices.
There is a clear need for adequate ICT infrastructure, easy and affordable Internet usage, generalized ability and easier access to useful information.
Ability to access ICT networks does not involve people capacities to use the Internet and ICT equipment or tools.
Although the tendency of increase of the number of individuals using internet to search for information
and Internet usage at the regional level (Strategic) Promoting the system of learning together (Operational) Involvement of HR services within companies and public organizations:
In 2013,30%of people living in Europe use ecommerce service. ecommerce Definition ecommerce (Electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World wide web.
electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, social media, electronic data interchange. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is used sometimes. 4. 1. 2 European context Online Internet penetration
and purchasing still differ in the various parts of Europe, according to the maturity of the market, the level of trust, the availability of offers, the penetration of reliable payment options, reliable and affordable delivery, Internet-usage and penetration,
and consequently, the number of e-shoppers. European B2c ecommerce is developing extremely well. In 2010 Europe overtook the USA, the biggest market in the world until then.
%ecommerce Europe estimates the share of the European Internet economy at 3. 5, %a percentage that is set to double by 2016 and to triple by 2020.
1. Insufficient regulatory framework established with respect to the offer of online services, regulatory and cross-border. 2. Lack of information of the online services operators and lack of protection of the internet users. 3. Non
purchasing an item over the internet should be a flexible process, facilitated through e-commerce. 4. Too numerous abuses and litigations
Approximately 35%of internet users avoid using online commerce channels due to this factor. Also, the financial costs related to the micro-payments are considered to be excessive by the SME's
only 8%of population aged between 16-74 years has used the internet in 2012 for the acquisition of goods and services for personal use in Romania.
when only 1%of the population used the internet for the performance of online shopping,
14%of population aged between 16-74 years used the internet for online shopping in 2011,
Ministry for Information Society An important barrier for the development of the e-commerce is represented by the absence of information of the online service operators and internet.
and access offering to 15 Eurostat-Individuals making purchases over the internet, 2013; Eurostat-Individuals purchasing over the internet by regions, 2012 Page 90 of 170 platforms such as Enterprise Network Europe,
and the internet users may be protected through access to Consumer Protection Cooperation network systems (by assuring the protection of personal data,
by promoting the specialized web sites for the comparison of the products provided online and by the development of Trustmarks).
recognizing the increasing use of mobile and Wireless internet. Fourthly, the Commission adopts initiatives to ensure that in the European union ther are available sufficient funds for development in areas that are underserved.
and (ii) subscription of internet connection above 100 Mbps for 50%or more of European households.
Indicator Status Mobile Internet access 7. 1 M active connections (2012) Broadband internet connections 10. 6m connections (2012) Number of fixed telephony lines 4
ANCOM Market of services of electronic communications, 2012 Broadband services penetration in Romania According to ANCOM's biannual reports, the demand for broadband Internet services recorded a genuine boom starting from 2006
%Romania also provides a broadband Internet coverage for 90%of total population, and 78%coverage for rural area.
the percentage of population aged between 16-74 years who used the internet in 2013 to purchase personal goods
when only 1%of population was using the internet for purchases, followed by a fluctuating evolution during the following years.
In capital, the percentage of those aged between 16-74 years and who used the internet for shopping in 2011 was of 14,
Broadband connections and infrastructure of digital services in Romania During the period 30.06.2010 30.06.2012 Romania registered a constant increase of the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points.
the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points increased to 3, 42 million. Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2014 upon Romania is showing for the year 2013 a 90%fixed broadband coverage of total population and a 78%rural fixed broadband coverage.
Romania Urban Rural Population 55,1%44,9%Fixed internet access on household level 54,0%16,00%Broadband indicators 20 Eurostat-Individuals making purchases over the internet, 2013;
Eurostat-Individuals purchasing over the internet by regions, 2012 Page 106 of 170 Penetration rate on every 100 inhabitants 26,1%8, 8%Broadband internet connections on fixed
ANCOM Market of services of electronic communications, 2012 Digital Inclusion and Access In 2013,45%of the population was using the Internet regularly (at least once a week), significantly below the EU average of 72%.
%Internet users on a daily basis has reached in 2013 a 32%score. Furthermore, a huge 42%of the population has used still never the Internet,
more than double the rate for the EU average of 20%.%With regard to disadvantaged people, the rate was 24%,30%points below the EU average of 54%.
%Between June, 2010 June, 2012 Romania registered a constant increase of the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points.
the overall number of broadband internet connections on fixed points increased to 3, 42 million. In what concerns the broadband cover per environments of residence, in June 2012 it was registered a penetration rate on 100 inhabitants in urban environment of 26,12%,by only 1, 19%more than in the same period of the year 2011.
In what concerns the report between the households with access to internet and those with access to broadband connection it may be noticed in Romania a reduction of the gap in the years.
Whereas in 2006 out of 14%households with access to internet only 5%had broadband connection
Page 107 of 170 Access to Internet in Romania 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Inhabitants with access to internet(%)38%42%47%54%58%Access
to internet from home(%)28%31%36%N/A 46%Access to internet from workplace(%)10%11%12%N/A 14%Access to internet from institutions of education(%)6
%6%7%N/A 7%Access to internet from other places(%)3%2%3%N/A 3%Source:
Eurostat, 201321 Socio-demographic profile of internet users in Romania In 2013, just over half of the Romanian households (52.9%)have Internet access at home, the majority (73.2%)located in the urban area.
In 2013, the Internet connection was most widespread among households located in the region Bucharest-Ilfov (72.5%of households had followed Internet access at home
%)The lowest share of households with Internet connection is in the North East (45.7%)and South Muntenia (47.2%)The main segments of Internet users opposite to their occupational status are skilled those of/unskilled workers (20%
whereas the Internet users using mobile connections come significantly as well from the category of contractors, free-lancers,
managers or administrators (13%)Most of internet users come, without significant differences between those using fixed or mobile connections,
but it is still at insufficient quotas and fixed high-speed Internet remains still a privilege of big cities.
%Public services of egovernment In 2013,5%of citizens in Romania made use of the internet for egovernment services.
On the level of enterprises, 63%of Romanian enterprises are using the Internet up to the 3rd degree of sophistication transactional egovernment services for interaction with public authorities
Eurostat survey, 2012 & 2013 Page 121 of 170 Household coverage with access to internet(%)Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 UE-27 66 70
Page 125 of 170 SWOT FOR ICT IN EDUCATION Strengths Weaknesses Increase in the internet use within the rural environment The computerisation of the pre-academic system,
and to support the homogenous internet utilisation among all groups of inhabitants and among all the regions of the country The opportunities
and of the internet users Support for development and implementation of online payment and delivery systems in order to achieve flexibility
However, the low purchasing power, the demographic structure of the population as well as the low e-literacy of the older population result in low penetration of Internet connections even in grey and/or black areas;
for the Software and Electronics industry National Association for Internet service providers Association of Producers and Distributors of ITC Equipments Romanian Association for Telecom Operators Association for Technology and Internet EOS Foundation Romania
of European Funds-National Strategy on Digital Agenda for Romania-Cloud computing in public sector-Fast access internet broadband-Presenting the socioeconomic study for the Digital Agenda Romania-Debate
to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet
sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms
Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population
that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms%of staff costs related to IT services (from an overall budget for each entity) direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect
to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet
indirect indirect#of applications developed using Big data databases direct direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect%individuals using the internet regularly. direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect
indirect%individuals from the category of those disfavored using the internet. direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct indirect%of pupils trained with TIC skill. indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct direct%education facilities using OER,
30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage
overall Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms#of localities
uploaded in Europeana direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect%individuals using the internet regularly direct direct direct direct indirect indirect direct direct indirect indirect indirect%individuals from the category of those disfavored using the internet
. direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect direct direct%of individuals who have used never the internet direct indirect indirect direct indirect direct indirect direct direct direct direct Page 169 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband
above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage
overall Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms%of pupils trained with TIC skill. indirect indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect direct direct
indirect%SMES which receives orders online direct direct indirect direct indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect%individuals who use the internet to order goods and services from other
direct direct indirect direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect%individuals who use the internet to order goods
Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms%of individuals
direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct#of broadband internet connections direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct#of fixed telephony lines indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect direct indirect indirect indirect
direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect indirect Investments in infrastructure direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct#of households with access to internet broadband (at least 30mbps) indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct
system cloud computing intelligent transport development of mobile applications, location-based services 3d GIS bioinformatics Internet of things 3d printing future internet 5g technologies remote
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Digital technologies and the Internet have transformed many areas of business from Google and Amazon to Airbnb and Kickstarter.
and infrastructures e g. sensor networks where they connect their devices, such as phones and Internet modems,
which was founded in 2000 as a response to the lack of broadband Internet in rural Catalonia,
and provides Internet connection to those who would otherwise not be able to access it. 6 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Who are the digital social innovators?
The Internet is approximately 40 years old and its capacity for generating societal and economic value is understood relatively well,
therefore, exists at the heart of the Internet. Despite the existence of a technical networking layer that could spread power
and solutions for a wide range of social needs and at a scale and speed that was unimaginable before the rise of the Internet'.
1. 1 Project overview 1. 2 Harnessing Collective Intelligence for the social good 1. 3 Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe EXPLORING DSI
1. 1 Project overview 1. 2 Harnessing Collective Intelligence for the social good 1. 3 Digital Social Innovation in the context of Future Internet in Europe Growing
In particular, we examine how some of these digital services can take advantage of the network effect of the Internet
as the Internet is increasingly the technical underpinning of the sociotechnical fabric of our societies.
1) the level of the technical networking infrastructure itself provided by the Internet and 2) the level of online services built on top of these networks.
For example, despite the Internet being funded a military research project and the web a scientific project at their inceptions,
the Internet and web were based on open standards and a radically decentralised architecture that could be harnessed by any actor.
Beyond the Internet, many new technologies such as open hardware may have positive network externalities. This network effect applies in a straightforward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook,
For each kind of socially innovative service, we want to determine how they can maximise their impact using the infrastructure made available by the widespread usage of digital tools such as the Internet.
the Internet forms a natural digital substrate for collective intelligence. Looking forward collective intelligence is necessary for social innovation to tackle the problems facing society in today's complex and interconnected world, where grasping problems such as the financial crisis, climate change,
At the present moment, the Internet offers unprecedented opportunities for collective intelligence via its increasing ubiquity and the massive amounts of data available for collective transformation into knowledge.
More than five billion additional people will connect to the Internet globally in the next ten years,
whilst over twenty billion objects will be connected to the Internet, transmitting data coming from people, sensors, the environment and objects themselves.
However, we cannot expect the Internet by itself to drive innovation to help citizens address major societal challenges.
If we observe the Internet during its early phases when it was funded primarily by research and defense, its founding principles, such as network neutrality, equitable service,
A main Internet trend-threat is recognised today: an increasing concentration of power in services in the hands of a few data aggregators, none of which are based in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search market and 98%of the mobile search market,
and stimulate inclusive innovation. 1. 3 DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF FUTURE INTERNET IN EUROPE The world wide web became successful
The future of the Internet should remain pluralistic, so that there is space for DSI alongside commercial services in the Cloud.
Digital social innovation could play a central role in the development of the Future Internet and the Internet of things.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 19 POWER TO INTERNET THE PEOPLE Wikis, Usergenerated knowledge P2p Free Content Blogs Social networks E-democracy PEOPLE
The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social needs
A major risk for the Future Internet is the realisation of the‘Big brother'scenario, with big industrial players (mainly US-based) reinforcing their dominant position by implementing platform lock in strategies,
since we are seeing a consolidation of existing powers at every layer of the Internet ecosystem.
In the UK, Nesta research documented how 25%of UK adults used Internet technologies to share assets and resources in 2013 20146.
Commotion and Tor are using bottom-up privacy-preserving decentralised infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards,
Important developments to re-decentralise the Internet, leveraging P2p open technologies, are happening at many levels.
while preserving the openness and accessibility of the Internet infrastructure. Many activities in this space are driven by grassroots networks,
while preserving the openness and accessibility of the Internet infrastructure. It includes projects that are using bottom up privacy-preserving
Community networking (also known as bottom-up networking) is an emerging model for the Future Internet across Europe and beyond,
Internet networks have become a key infrastructure for the development of the digital economy due to the‘democratisation'of the access technologies,
and obstacles regarding Internet specifications that are exposed by these edge networks. The Guifi. net initiative is developing a free,
Guifi. net is connected to the Catalan Internet Exchange (CATNIX) as an autonomous system (AS) via optical fibre with IPV4 and IPV6.
privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users'and websites'traffic through‘relays'run by thousands of volunteers around the world,
Other interesting examples of multidisciplinary research projects are the Network of Excellence on Internet Science (EINS),
that aims to integrate multidisciplinary scientific understanding of Internet networks and their co-evolution with society,
and moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware whose blueprints are made publicly available
which facilitate the anywhere/anytime access to the Internet, and to new services So-called Cyber Physical Systems (CPS),
and with the Internet, is giving rise to what has been named as Industry 4. 019 This smart infrastructure is also increasingly getting to know people by aggregating personal and social data in massive data centres.
Successful actors in DSI have managed to leverage large networks using the Internet in order to accomplish innovation at scale by the network effect.
Top-down and systemic approaches The most relevant initiatives are the European Innovation Partnerships, Smart Cities, the Future Internet Public-Private Partnership Programme (FI-PPP),
The development of the Future Internet is addressed mainly through a number of technical projects, such as the FI PPP23 and the 5g PPP24.
Also the Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish. 7. Gender Equality in DSI Promote gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT in DSI by tackling things such as criteria for funding
The Internet ecosystem today is highly centralised The current Internet is dominated by a handful of mainly US companies that control all the layers of the ecosystem (app store, cloud, machine learning, devices),
DARPA led to the creation of the internet, the R&d funding at CERN led to the invention of the Web) Encourage people to think about:
and encryption Federated identity management Data control and data ownership The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality Magna carta for the Internet Enabling
The Internet is the best example of the power of interoperability. Its open architecture has given billions of people around the world access to information,
Today mobile devices with always-on Internet connectivity are becoming widespread. 74 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTEROPERABILITY50 In the area of copyright,
OPEN PLATFORMS Users of the Internet ecosystem include the independent application and service providers who have the right to use the future Internet infrastructure (including both data in a raw and processed form,
as well as access to computing resources). Any privileged access provided to the owner/managers of the infrastructure would alter free competition.
therefore allowing for innovation in the wider economy based on the Future Internet users must be able to come (no barriers to entry)
A Magna carta for the Internet Tim Berners Lee, the inventor of the Web is advocating for a sort of Magna carta for the Internet to estabilish basic rights and freedoms,
to keep the Internet open, without surveillance and censorship, and to halt power abuses from Governments and corporations.
The Magna carta for the Internet goes along with recent UN General assembly (UNGA) resolution on The Right to privacy in the Digital Age. 68.
INVESTMENT ON ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURES Community and bottom-up networking is an emerging mode of the Future Internet,
plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures. At regulatory level The Digital agenda emphasises the need to adopt open standards
Consultant Logica Daniel Kaplan Founder and CEO, The next-Generation Internet Foundation Simona Levi Founder, Forum for the Access to Culture and Knowledge Markkula Markku Committee
/programmes/horizon2020/23 http://www. fi-ppp. eu/24 http://5g-ppp. eu/25 http://www. internet-of-thingsresearch. eu 26
/field/image/internet-of-things-2. jpg Page 35 Brendan Lea (2013) Open Data Institute Annual Summit 2013 online Flickr, Open
https://www. flickr. com/photos/giuli-o/3421327165 Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 75 Randy Matusky (2013) Map of the Internet online http://diaryofanelearner
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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