organisations may exchange data on performance or improve their internal processes. It may however be easier to implement the model for a programme or a subset of an agency's operations.
Broadband coverage is limited, precluding the use of data-heavy websites. Limited numbers of sectors or limited number of companies are to be helped.
Computer or web interfaces on the other hand are relatively cheap to run but still need staff to update links
The growth of emerging Asia Data Source: Au-Yeung et al, 2013.0510 15 20 25 30 05 10 15 20 25 301985 1995 2005 2015 2025 Per cent of world output
Data Source: Au-Yeung et al, 2013. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 4 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda and cheaper, disrupting some established patterns of trade
Average years of formal schooling Data Source: IIASA and VID, 2008. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness THE CASE FOR REFORM 5 The changing global economic landscape presents Australian businesses with some great opportunities.
Deflated by Consumer price index Data Sources: ABS, 2014b; 2014e. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness THE CASE FOR REFORM 7 also has an abundance of agricultural land spanning tropical,
Deflated by Consumer price index Data Sources: ABS, 2014d; ABS, 2014e. -10-5 0510 15 20 25 30 35-10-505 10 15 20 25 30 35-3-2-1 0
Terms of trade booms and inflation Data Sources: ABS, 2014c; RBA, 2014b; RBA, 2014c. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 8 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda of the business services, construction,
The systems also eliminate the need for multiple data entry and many of the errors present in manual systems.
Data Source: ABS, 2014j. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness 18 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda The Government is taking a comprehensive approach to economic reform The Government's Economic Action
and business to purchase insurance products or move locations. whether coverage by a single national scheme may be more competitive than their existing coverage under multiple schemes.
Data source: KPMG, 2014.0510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Hong kong SAR
including through considering options to improve data collection and information sharing between key VET stakeholders,
The Government is providing $100 million for the Mobile Black Spot Programme to improve mobile coverage in regional Australia
Firms collaborating with research institutions Data source: OECD, 2013.020 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Finland (1) Slovenia (2) Austria (3) Hungary (4
) Airport traffic data 1985 to 2013. Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia.
OECD Tax Database. Retrieved July 2014, from OECD: http://www. oecd. org/tax/tax-policy/tax-database. htm#C corporatecaptial OECD, ILO, IMF and World bank Group.
March 2014. Achieving stronger growth by promoting a more gender-balanced economy. OECD, ILO, IMF and World bank Group.
The Conference Board Total Economy Database. Retrieved May 2014, from The Conference Board Total Economy Database:
http://www. conference-board. org/data/economydatabase/Times Higher education. 2014, October. Times Higher education World University rankings 2014-15.
Retrieved October 2014, from http://www. timeshighereducation. co. uk/worlduniversity-rankings/2014-15/world-ranking Toohey, T. 2013, March 9).
National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. Retrieved May 2014, from National Accounts Main Aggregates Database: https://unstats. un. org/unsd/snaama/Introduction. asp United nations.
2014, March 25. United nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistics. Retrieved May 2014, from United nations Conference on Trade and Development:
) World bank Data. Retrieved August 2014, from Gross capital formation(%of GDP: http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NE.
GDI. TOTL. ZS World bank. 2014b). ) World Development Indicators. Retrieved May 2014, from World Development Indicators-Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products(%)
%http://data. worldbank. org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators World Economic Forum. 2010). ) The Global Competitiveness Report:
and increased use of public data Strengthen the municipal sector as a service provider Increase competency on how public procurements can contribute to innovation
Collecting general company data Shaping company technology profile Performing SWOT analysis Identifying technological areas for further analysis Technology Audit Tool consists of two
Three bond issues since 1997 funded the installation or modernisation of their Wide area network, structured cabling, data network, video network and computers.
Exploratory, followed by data collection. Detailed, followed by a focused analysis. Gathering information on Strengths
Experience, knowledge, data? Financial reserves, likely returns? Marketing-reach, distribution, awareness? Innovative aspects? Location and geographical?
Reliability of data, plan predictability? Moral, commitment, leadership? Accreditations, etc? Processes and systems, etc? Management cover, succession?
specifications testing, behavioural testing, data-driven testing, functional testing, and input/output-driven testing. In general, every combination of input and output would require an inordinate number of test cases.
The principle of the generation of equivalence classes is to group all input data of a program into a finite number of equivalence classes so it can be assumed that with any representative of a class it is possible to detect the same errors as with any other representative of this class.
Analysis of the input data requirements, the output data requirements, and the conditions according to the specifications Definition of the equivalence classes by setting up the ranges for input and output data Definition of the test cases by means of selecting values for each class"Innosupport:
Suppose the specifications for a database product state that the product must be able to handle any number of records from 1 through to 16,383.
Testing the database product then requires that one test class from each equivalence class be selected. A successful test case is one that detects a previously undetected fault.
Thus, when testing the database product, the following cases should be selected: Test case 1: 0 records Member of equivalence class 1 and adjacent to boundary value Test case 2 1 record Boundary value Test case 3 2 records
form of black-box testing is to base the test data on the functionality of the module.
you can find a Black box program to use a genetic algorithm that helps optimise your problems http://fdtd. rice. edu/GA/Elementary Method"Black box Test case Design"(BBTD) http://www. informatik. uni
Finally, the symbolic flowchart is verified for accuracy and dated. 2. The facilitator displays a set of standard process analysis questions.
formulate ideas without changing very much the initial data of the problem. prefer to do things differently;
Measures, design and development After analysing the data together with the leadership, Bright side has developed an individual development process
which has to be solved Knowledge about available sources of knowledge-databases, experts-and abilities to use them"Innosupport:
Supporting Innovation in SMES"-4. 4. Analogical Reasoning page 64 of 271 (Useful article about how to use databases for analogical reasoning:
Special databases have been set up to support searching for useful analogies. download PDF"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES"-4. 5. Attribute Listing page 65 of 271 4. 5. Attribute Listing Introduction Imagine that the General manager of a big company has invited you to a business meeting at the Hilton Hotel.
New systems such as intranets, documents management systems, collaboration systems and databases constitute a vital factor,
This should include the performance measures, a programme of visits, the method of data collection, etc.
Collect the necessary data, according to the agreement. The collection of data could be achieved through observation, conversations with people involved, gathering of documents, etc.
The gathered information needs to be processed and analysed. The analysis of the information should stress the comparison between the two organisations.
and provided relevant data over a period of time, at the end of which there was a meeting between the three companies.
At this meeting the collected data was analysed which was used later to produce a report, specifying the different approaches and methods applied in each company.
as well as a database of Good Practices the Office of Government Commerce provides information and a checklist on benchmarking http://www. benchnet. com/-Benchnet is a benchmarking and best practices network,
Managers can have access to volumes of data but still lack quality information about one of their most critical operating costs their energy consumption levels.
rapid prototyping (RP) refers to a class of technologies that can automatically construct physical models from Computer-aided design (CAD) data.
so the designer must balance accuracy with manageablility to produce a useful STL file. Since the. stl format is universal,
and consider how data is to be captured. Different testing methods will have different objectives, approaches and types of modelling.
Data collection will tend to be qualitative based on observation, interview and discussion with the target audience.
Data will typically be qualitative and based on observation, discussion and structured interview. The study should aim to understand why users respond in the way that they do to the concept.
Data from a validation test is likely to be quantitative, based on measurement of performance. Normally, this is carried out against some benchmark of expected performance.
Supporting Innovation in SMES"-6. 2. Rapid prototyping & Product Testing Strategies page 125 of 271 scored in terms of speed, accuracy or rate of use,
Data should also be recorded formally, with any failures to comply with expected performance logged and appropriate corrective action determined.
Comparison testing could include the capturing of both performance and preference data for each solution.
and batch tested for dimensional accuracy and its acoustic parameters. If high volumes of a particular model are ordered,
The spreadsheet was handfed data from manual tyre counts. The new system will automate data collection to allow better management of machines, shifts,
and teams while allowing efficient reporting tools with real-time views of all production phases. Solution The tyre company with the help of external consultants built a solution to monitor
and build schedules are assigned from a system interface or an Oracle RDB database. The system also allows inventory levels to be adjusted after manual inventory level counts.
How The Customer Benefited The customer now has a system that utilizes real-time data for accurate planning
data collection is automated now and less costly, and the system is designed for future scalability. Case study 2:
Information about the processing of rods including various data collection is used by the opera"Innosupport:
1) Data collection (identify the components, materials, and fastening mechanism in the assembly to be rated).
and trademark databases to learn about recent technological breakthroughs, identify future partners, and find out about the innovative activities of competitors.
or software products owned by others in any of its publications, brochures, databases or websites? Does your company own the rights to any computer software?
and creators/owners of databases. 7. 1. 7. How to obtain a DESIGN? What can be registered as design?
A Policy on IP Monitoring Consulting patent and trademark databases regularly is important in order to find out about recent technical developments
A small company may also seek patent coverage to impress potential investors and to market the uniqueness of its technology.
databases (seldom used) and the acquisition of reports from information providers (seldom used. The company's R&d activities are always project-specific
in order to collect all the data required and to make their analysis. 9. 1. 1. How can we optimize the acceptance...
as it is known, allows you to build up a comprehensive picture of your market and your potential customers from publicized data.
Online services) Trade associations Others (data are National and Local governments, Business links, Chambers of Commerce and the European commission) Compiling questionnaires There are a variety of possible purposes to a questionnaire,
The best approach may be to create a database.""Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES"-9. 1. Optimising and controlling the acceptance of an Innovative product/service page 188 of 271 Making contact with companies Researching a market usually involves making contact with companies
Describe a classification of searchable databases. Where? In what ways this component offers help for the SMES?
or request more information Build up a database from enquiries. Offering a free report on the subject of your products or services that can be downloaded is a good way to build up a database of qualified prospects.
Email your database regularly to keep them informed of new developments and offers. Alternatively produce an online newsletter for the same purpose.
How can you assess agencies'ability?""Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES"-9. 3. Competencies of internet presentation and research page 201 of 271 9. 3. 3. Web content layout A good presentation
Contrary to the hype surrounding"intelligent agents"and"artificial intelligence, the fact remains that search results are only as good as the query we pose
*The wildcard tells the search engine to match all characters after it, preserving keyword slots and increasing coverage by 50%or more;
metasearchers increase Web coverage by 3-to 4-fold("new planet*")AND (discover *OR find) AND("solar system").
Credibility Accuracy Reasonableness Support (3) Searching on the Internet today can be compared to dragging a net across the surface of the ocean.
Deep Web sources store their content in searchable databases that only produce results dynamically in response to a direct request
500 terabytes of information compared to nineteen terabytes of information in the surface Web. More than half of the deep Web content resides in topic-specific databases.
A full ninety-five per cent of the deep Web is publicly accessible information--not subject to fees or subscriptions.
The searchable databases on the web can be classified in twelve categories: 1. Topic Databases-subject-specific aggregations of information,
such as SEC corporate filings, medical databases, patent records etc. 54%from the deep web is formed by these topic databases websites) e g. http://www. 10kwizard. com,
/http://www. uspto. gov/2. Internal site-searchable databases for the internal pages of large sites that are created dynamically,
such as the knowledge base on the Microsoft site (13%)e g. http://www. microsoft. com/3. Publications-searchable databases for current and archived articles (11%)e g. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov
/4. Shopping/Auction (5%)e g. http://www. flowerweb. nl, /http://www. locateaflowershop. com/5. Classifieds (5%)e g. www. canadaeast. com/6. Portals-broader sites that included more than one of these other categories in searchable databases (3
%)e g. www. searchindia. com 7. Library-searchable internal holdings, mostly for university libraries (2%)e g. www. lib. clemson. edu 8. Yellow and White Pages-people and business finders (2%)e g. www. anywho. com 9. Calculators
-while not strictly databases, many do include an internal data component for calculating results. Mortgage calculators, dictionary look ups,
and translators between languages are examples (2%)e g. www. russiantranslation. ru 10. Jobs-job and resume postings (1%)e g. http://www. medicsolve. com/11.
General Search-searchable databases most often relevant to Internet search topics and information (1%)e g. http://www. cyndislist. com/Sixties deep sites that already exceed the web surface
Example Database Market place of experience The Gosch Consulting company (Consulting enterprise with 30 employees) has compiled a database with the title Market place of experience.
Graz 2003 Links http://www. evfh-nuernberg. de/data/dbfiles/entwickl. doc Employees are the basis of social organisations.
and interpret data to enable the identification of both staff and organisational performance improvement. Key in an TNA is to gain comprehensive data on training needs,
which amounts to answering the fundamental questions of: who, what, when and why as well as how.
and better understanding of training needs a backup policy if things get difficult direction for utilizing limited resources"Innosupport:
Act with competitive urgency and decisive action Use knowledge of employees and data to make decisions in a timely manner Tolerate mistakes of employees in pursuit of continuous improvement Act with swift resolve
and data that would ensure successful operation of the company and its targeted development, and at this point the practical application of the component becomes evident the basic ideas
and a couple of practical examples are shown in the form of user-friendly tools that will help us to find the required information, data or reference material."
Databases The use of databases is a way to obtain extensive and exhaustive data, as databases include various summaries of data, statistics, publications and other sources.
Databases are available in various formats in printed form (e g.,, in library index cards and archived materials), in CDS (e g.,
, the annual statistical records), or in virtual form, i e.,, on the Internet. It should be noted that the Internet is the most comprehensive and complete storage place of databases
and an undoubted advantage is its range of search facilities, which should be characterised as global
Another advantage is that databases are user-friendly, because databases function exactly in the same way as the Internet search process (see the part a) Internet)
when you open a database, there is a window in which to write the key word of the information you are looking for,
and a click on the search function will enable you to look at the information found according to your key word.
You have to write the Key word>press search button>You will have the result As numerous and very diverse databases are available, e g.,
, databases containing references, publications or other theoretical material, as well as databases aggregated by companies and statistical agencies,
but in order to find the required information it is advisable as the first step to use the Internet search engine,
then to select the most suitable databases and further to look into these databases for the necessary information by applying the principle described above.
Example-Links International data base http://www. census. gov/ipc/www/idbnew. html Computerized data bank containing statistical tables of demographic and socioeconomic data for 227 countries
and areas of the world. Geohive Global Statistics http://www. geohive. com/Geopolitical data statistics on the human population of regions, countries, provinces and cities, some statistics on economic factors and more."
"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES"-12.1. Literature searches page 250 of 271 12.1.1.3. Libraries and direct contact Libraries could be divided into three categories:
Depending on the type of the required information or specificity of data, it is possible to seek direct contacts in various countries, non-governmental organisations or private institutions, foundations, consultancies and other places. 12.1.2.
what kind of information or data, choose a suitable resource for finding information the Internet, databases,
http://www. google. com http://www. alltheweb. com http://www. msn. com http://www. yahoo. com Databases http://www. census
. gov/ipc/www/idbnew. html International data base-Computerized data bank containing statistical tables of demographic and socioeconomic data for 227 countries and areas of the world. http://www. geohive
. com/Geohive Global Statistics-Geopolitical data, statistics on the human population of regions, countries, provinces and cities, some statistics on economic factors and more.
or specialised terms‘Knowledge discovery'an ability and willingness to engage in a, by way of finding out about and learning from the culture (e g. customs, practices and values) of the customers, clients or business partners you will be working wth
such as data demonstrating the positive contribution made by multinational corporations to economic development. United nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) www. unctad. org is a permanent intergovernmental body of the UN that aims to maximise the trade investment
Recent calculations by the authors of this paper, based on Germany's official statistics portal data, show that the high percentage of SMES amongst all enterprises continues to remain high.
2 These data exemplarily demonstrate the key-role which SMES play in Germany's economy.
The rest was rejected because of containing incomplete and/or contradictory data. Figure 3 shows the representation of the industry sectors in the sample.
confirm, or extend the data base with experts from the selected industries like firm representatives, representatives of industry associations and cluster managers.
whereby the data is transmitted electronically from one centre to next. Such a step could be of crucial importance for time-critical projects,
A team of 20 specially trained enumerators was engaged to collect the data. The questionnaire was developed for the study
/index en. htm 7 http://ec. europa. eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/wp/2014 2015/main/h2020-wp1415-sme en. pdf 8
Applicants are invited therefore to explore potentials for synergies with the relevant Managing Authorities in charge of the ESIF programmes in their territory1 A novelty in Horizon 2020 is the Open Research Data Pilot
and reuse of research data generated by projects. While certain Work Programme parts and areas have been identified explicitly as participating in the Pilot on Open Research Data
individual actions funded under the other Horizon 2020 parts and areas can choose to participate in the Pilot on a voluntary basis. The use of a Data Management 1 http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/indexes/in your country en. cfm HORIZON 2020 WORK PROGRAMME
2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 5 of 37 Plan is required for projects participating in the Open Research Data Pilot.
Further guidance on the Open Research Data Pilot is made available on the Participant Portal. Mainstreaming SME support especially through a dedicated instrument SME participation is encouraged throughout this work programme and in particular in the priorities Industrial Leadership and Societal Challenges.
SME support will be targeted with the dedicated SME instrument which is a novel approach to support SMES'innovation activities.
The coaches will be recruited from a central database managed by the Commission and have fulfilled all stringent criteria with regards to business experience and competencies.
For an entrepreneur comprehensive data and performance indicators would allow drawing conclusions whether open innovation is productive
-Collection and analysis of information and data on the application of open innovation in SMES, taking into account different situations in Member States and in specific market segments.
and data accumulated through the coaching engagement. It should also act as a single reference pool
The core of the IMP rove platform is a benchmarking database for‘innovation management performance'with more than 3500 quality checked datasets.
and the services‘enhancing the innovation management capacity of SMES'Furthermore the support provided would secure the quality of the benchmarking by accelerating the inflow of new data sets allowing to replace the oldest data collected in 2008/09.
Particular attention will be paid to the analysis of the main characteristics of the Eurostars-1 projects in terms of geographical coverage,
and both more data and more evaluation and assessment of initiatives taken are needed. The local dimension must be taken into account.
Developing such a base will require strengthening the existing empirical foundation, in terms of data and statistics,
data are very scarce, but estimates indicate that there are more than 10 million self-employed women in Europe (both European union countries and others).
United nations Economic commission for europe, Gender Statistic Database.%%50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 1050 Austriabelgiumbulgaria Czech Republicfinlandgreecehungary Icelandireland Italypolandromania Russian Federationsloveniaturkey United kingdom Selected European countries, 2000 Source:
AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY OECD 2004 15 The empirical basis for informed policy design needs to be improved Reliable data
Definitional issues complicate data collection, and some national systems prohibit statistics at the individual level, making gender-specific analyses impossible.
Even in those few countries where such data are available important information on development over time (panel data) and for the whole population are lacking.
As regards analysis, longitudinal studies are needed to understand survival and growth among entrepreneurs (men and women),
even if both the scope and the breadth of available data have improved during the last few years
OECD Venture capital Database, 2003.0.80 0. 70 0. 60 0. 50 0. 40 0. 30 0. 20 0. 100 Israel Expansion
Important issues include registration of rights, their commercial exploitation, the use of patent databases, the valuation of intellectual property assets and enforcement.
copyright and related rights, plant varieties and nonoriginal databases. Strengthen the teaching of intellectual property rights at universities and training institutions for entrepreneurs
While data are scarce, the broad picture for many OECD and some nonmember economies is that of a low,
Public financial assistance to expand coverage for under-served groups and remote areas could complement private investment where appropriate,
The source for these data is the Eurostat Community Survey on enterprise use of ICT.
OECD, ICT database and Eurostat, Community Survey on ICT usage in enterprises 2002, May 2003.100 90 80 70 60 50 Finland 10-49
complement private investment with public financial assistance to expand coverage for under-served groups and remote areas.
and any necessary data collection should begin as soon as is feasible. It is also advantageous to formulate an evaluation methodology.
Common target definitions should be encouraged across countries, data formats and procedures, notably as regards statistical observation units
and size classes. the OECD should continue to act as a forum that promotes best practices in statistical data collection,
so that data from different sources can be matched. It also requires that policy makers address those barriers, often legal,
that prevent national statistical authorities to have access to administrative data, such as tax offices and chambers of commerce.
Promote data linking to make better use of existing data and reduce respondent burden on SMES.
Databases with linked data can strengthen the information base for policy-relevant research, but require that statistical authorities arrange access
Given these basic problems, it is perhaps unsurprising that detailed subsets of such data and analysis of them, for example women's entrepreneurship,
Some actions, notably the development of integrated business statistical registers, the introduction of single identification numbers for enterprises and their use to link data more efficiently,
and greater use of administrative sources of data (e g. tax, chamber of commerce), can only be taken in capitals
and movement from resolving these problems to collection of useful data comparable on a cross-country basis will take even longer.
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