EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 27.10.2011 C (2011) 7579 final COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 27.10.2011 on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation EN 1 EN COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 27.10.2011 on the digitisation
and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European union,
The digitisation and preservation of Europe's cultural memory which includes print (books, journals, newspapers), photographs, museum objects, archival documents, sound and audiovisual material,
2) The EU's strategy for digitisation and preservation builds on the work done over the last few years in the digital libraries initiative.
The Workplan for Culture 2011-2014 established by the Council at its meeting of 18 and 19 november 2010, highlights the need for a coordinated effort in the area of digitisation.
4) Moreover the context for digitisation efforts and for collaboration at European level has changed considerably over the last few years.
'Europe needs to act now to reap the benefits of digitisation and digital preservation. If Member States do not step up their investments in this area,
and the digitisation of their assets will help Europe's cultural institutions to continue carrying out their mission of giving access to
(8) Digitisation is an important means for ensuring greater access to and use of cultural material.
and would avoid overlap in digitisation. It would also lead to a more secure climate for companies investing in digitisation technologies.
Overviews of current and planned digitisation activities and quantitative targets for digitisation would contribute to achieving those objectives.
9) The cost of digitising the whole of Europe's cultural heritage is high and cannot be covered by public funding alone.
Private sector sponsoring of digitisation or partnerships between the public and private sectors can involve private entities in digitisation efforts
and should be encouraged further. In order to be balanced fair and, these partnerships should comply with a number of key principles.
and are being used to co-fund digitisation activities as part of projects having an impact on the regional economy.
Mass digitisation processes can gain in efficiency due to scale. Therefore, the efficient use of digitisation capacity and, where possible, the sharing of digitisation equipment between cultural institutions and countries should be encouraged.
11) Only part of the material held by libraries, archives and museums is in the public domain,
and implemented to ensure a harmonised approach to the issue of orphan works throughout the EU. For the largescale digitisation of out-of-commerce works,
which resulted in a Memorandum of Understanding signed in Brussels on 20 september 2011 should be seen as a model for further dialogues to facilitate agreements for the digitisation of as much of the out-ofcommerce material as possible.
Rights information databases connected at European level can bring down transaction costs for rights clearance. Such mechanisms should
Digitisation: organisation and funding 1. further develop their planning and monitoring of the digitisation of books, journals, newspapers, photographs, museum objects, archival documents, sound and audiovisual material, monuments and archaeological sites
(hereinafter‘cultural material')by:(a) setting clear quantitative targets for the digitisation of cultural material, in line with the overall targets mentioned under point 7, indicating the expected increase in digitised material
which could form part of Europeana, and the budgets allocated by public authorities, (b) creating overviews of digitised cultural material
and the private sector in order to create new ways of funding digitisation of cultural material and to stimulate innovative uses of the material,
while ensuring that public private partnerships for digitisation are balanced fair and, and in line with the conditions indicated in the Annex;
EN 5 EN 3. make use of the EU's Structural Funds, where possible, to co-finance digitisation activities in the framework of regional innovation strategies for smart specialisation;
4. consider ways to optimise the use of digitisation capacity and achieve economies of scale, which may imply the pooling of digitisation efforts by cultural institutions and cross-border collaboration, building on competence centres for digitisation in Europe;
Digitisation and online accessibility of public domain material 5. improve access to and use of digitised cultural material that is in the public domain by:(
a) ensuring that material in the public domain remains in the public domain after digitisation, (b) promoting the widest possible access to digitised public domain material as well as the widest possible reuse of the material for noncommercial and commercial purposes,
(c) taking measures to limit the use of intrusive watermarks or other visual protection measures that reduce the usability of the digitised public domain material;
Digitisation and online accessibility of in-copyright material 6. improve conditions for the digitisation and online accessibility of in-copyright material by:(
and agreed by stakeholders for the large scale digitisation and crossborder accessibility of works that are out-of-commerce,
and promoting the availability of databases with rights information, connected at the European level, such as ARROW;
EN 6 EN (b) making all public funding for future digitisation projects conditional on the accessibility of the digitised material through Europeana,
(e) ensuring the use of common digitisation standards defined by Europeana in collaboration with the cultural institutions
I Public-private partnerships for digitisation In order to make rapid progress on the digitisation of our cultural heritage,
public funding for digitisation needs to be complemented by private investment. Therefore, the Commission encourages public-private partnerships for the digitisation of cultural material.
It calls on the Member States to stimulate such partnerships which should comply with the following key principles:
1) Respect for intellectual property rights Public-private partnerships for the digitisation of collections in cultural institutions should fully respect the European union
Agreements should be fully compliant with EU competition rules. 3) Transparency of the process Agreements for the digitisation of collections held by cultural institutions should be awarded after an open competition between potential private partners. 4) Transparency of agreements
and private partners for the digitisation of cultural collections should be made public. 5) Accessibility through Europeana The conclusion of a public-private partnership should be conditional on the accessibility of the digitised material through Europeana. 6) Key
The envisaged digitisation quality, and the quality of the files that will be given to the cultural institutions.
The time-scale of the digitisation project. EN 10 EN ANNEX II Indicative targets for minimum content contribution to Europeana per Member State Number of objects in Europeana per MS*Indicative Target 2015**AUSTRIA 282
'The catchments together provide a strong coverage of the whole surrounding area. The Settlement and Transportation Strategies incorporate the objectives of Smarter Travel:
Data also reveals that value of goods and services added per worker is significantly below the national average.
but an emphasis is needed on clustering such tourism driven development in or adjoining small towns and villages.
clustering of businesses and firms, including those involved in interrelated activities and in high growth, knowledge intensive and technology based specialization;
The idea of complementary industrial clustering and the sharing of resources, particularly in the research and development sector, are of considerable importance for the achievement of this concept.
Nine indicative locations in the Southeast Region have been identified with potential for clustering by the Marine Institute in its report‘Development Strategy for Marine
Water conservation will be managed in stages with the collection of data and the modelling of networks in Stage 1
The need for clustering of potential customers of information technology infrastructure to provide a basis on which market providers of such infrastructure can respond to demand resulting from effective spatial policies.
This may involve identifying projects involving collection of baseline data and raising awareness that can inform Climate Change Strategies and other strategic land use plans.
In the absence of such data local authorities should identify these areas using other data from the OPW and existing studies and historical information available and, where necessary, through additional studies or investigation.
Land required for current and future floods management should be safeguarded from development. Allocation of future areas for development as extensions to existing built up areas,
of being based on data that are capable of being collected without undue difficulty and of providing overall guidance to the various bodies that will be charged with the operational implementation of the strategy. 10.3.4 Environmental Indicators In addition to the above,
conduct data gathering and report regularly on review issues aimed at preparing the way for a full review of the guidelines by 2016.
and opens up government owned data to facilitate a knowledge infrastructure, where European citizens can help transform public services. 3. Invest in future infrastructure
the increasing digitization of personal information combined with international movement of people creates real risks of cybersecurity.
Open up government owned data, following the example of data. gov6 and require data to be published in web-enabled formats,
to allow new combinations and empower citizens to co-create new services. This would support the transformation of the public sector by allowing greater public accountability
and citizen engagement and encouraging new ways for people to use the web to support one another.
Incentives and platforms should be supported for data-generators to enable open access. 6 Data. gov has the aim to increase public access to high value,
It encourages users to propose new data sets that should be added. See also the UK Power of Information Taskforce
A fi nancial market place for intellectual property investment and coverage, in line with a similar initiative forecast in Chicago next year being spearheaded by Ocean Tomo, a US merchant bank specialised in intellectual property.
and fi nancial coverage products to hedge risks or investments. This project is under construction
and develop their respective industries through cooperative projects. 3. Tools and Policies 47 P. 1. 4. SME Digitisation In order to increase the use of information and communication technologies by small and mediumsized enterprises,
along with digitisation drivers, such as e-commerce and e-invoicing. P. 1. 5. Digital Skills amongst Citizens In the knowledge society, it is vital to provide citizens with the appropriate tools for their professional development.
To promote the opening up of data. Objectives Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, technology centres, companies, business associations and organisations.
consistent data to enable the review, if necessary, of RIS3CAT programmes, initiatives, instruments and investment. 4. 1. RIS3CAT Steering committee The RIS3CAT Steering committee de RIS3CAT, established by Government Agreement of 17 december 2013,
RIS3CAT communities PECT 4. Governance 61 information and data. Continuous evaluation mechanisms, along with evaluation of real results and impact, provide basic information for monitoring the implementation of the strategy,
and develop their respective industries through cooperative projects. 3. Tools and Policies 47 P. 1. 4. SME Digitisation In order to increase the use of information and communication technologies by small and mediumsized enterprises,
along with digitisation drivers, such as e-commerce and e-invoicing. P. 1. 5. Digital Skills amongst Citizens In the knowledge society, it is vital to provide citizens with the appropriate tools for their professional development.
To promote the opening up of data. Objectives Main stakeholders Catalan public authorities, technology centres, companies, business associations and organisations.
consistent data to enable the review, if necessary, of RIS3CAT programmes, initiatives, instruments and investment. 4. 1. RIS3CAT Steering committee The RIS3CAT Steering committee de RIS3CAT, established by Government Agreement of 17 december 2013,
RIS3CAT communities PECT 4. Governance 61 information and data. Continuous evaluation mechanisms, along with evaluation of real results and impact, provide basic information for monitoring the implementation of the strategy,
The access to networks with fast and large data transfer capacities and huge databases expanding in a continuous and planned way in international cooperation is increasingly becoming a basic condition of modern scientific activity.
The 4 most important international trends and international comparative data will be presented; and the current situation and trends influencing the development of the Hungarian RI will be presented on the basis of the much more detailed Hungarian time-series.
it already involves databases, gene banks, systems for the transmission and processing of data and digitizers,
The analysis exploring the situation of the Hungarian RI is based partly on the available domestic and international statistical data,
and partly on the data of the RI register created and operated by the NEKIFUT project.
the NEKIFUT database was open to all organisations with a research infrastructure for registration and data supply.
Their work has resulted in a database, which has determined the infrastructures of extreme importance for Hungary in each discipline.
In addition to the NEKIFUT database, we relied on the data available from the KSH to demonstrate the situation;
however, the data sets of the NEKIFUT enable a deeper understanding of the infrastructures and the making of the resulting conclusions. 3. 1. General introduction of the research infrastructure 6 Consultation with the professional community is an essential element of the methodology applied by the NEKIFUT.
which cannot be grasped by means of statistical data. We can conclude that there are still strong efforts for the exclusive use of the infrastructures
In the area of building investments, the data from 2010 and 2012 are outstanding: The HUF 600-900 million expenditure of the previous years increased to over HUF 2. 2 bn in 2010 and then to HUF 5. 7 bn in 2012.
however, that natural and engineering sciences in the data of both Eurostat and the KSH include investments
Own calculations based on KSH data The RI demand of the various disciplines is different, therefore, the amounts spent on investments differ significantly in the total R&d expenditure.
Own calculations based on KSH data Figure 5: Types of R&d investment by branches of science in Hungary, 2007-2012 (thousand HUF) Source:
Own calculations based on KSH data Analysing the natural sciences, the data show that: information technology is the most infrastructure-intensive area in Hungary in terms of the assets,
although it is noted that IT serves a number of disciplines biological sciences are in the second place,
however, the impact of a major investment can be seen clearly in the aggregate data: there were such major building investments in the area of chemistry in 2010 and 2012,
The deadline for submitting tenders for updating the national database of research infrastructures, managed by the NIH RDI Observatory,
We present the data thereof as follows. Due to its voluntary nature the database is not complete,
however, because of the number of infrastructure it contains (more than 400) we can say that it is suitable for sampling adding that it was prepared not with a need for being representative.
, biobanks, genetically modified model organisms, ecological and biodiversity databases) are used widely. The development of the technologies and biological model schemes has resulted in the explosion of data and information, the systematisation and analysis
of which necessitated the establishment of a high number of specialised databanks and analysis systems, namely, the creation of a new discipline, bioinformatics,
in addition to and relying on the hypothesisdriven research, data-driven research, namely research based on the collection
and analysis of large amounts of data has become prevalent, and systematic approach and network research are becoming dominant in all branches of biology,
and analysing the data. These research infrastructures often perform these activities in the form of services.
and well-organized easily accessible data and more complete databases, either for the study of culture or the establishment of a policy proposal.
digitization and systematisation of such information, the sorting of information in databases and disclosure and interpretation of information.
political sciences or economics) are analysing an ever increasing volume of empirical data produced 15 in a standardised manner from samples comprising large numbers of samples,
in order to get information on the national research infrastructures beyond the statistical data. This consultation and its methodology is in accordance with the ESFRI methodology in fact,
and professional issued related to the unified national database of research infrastructures. The composition of the RI Working group ensures that all major disciplines are represented,
data have been requested from the domestic stakeholders identified in respect of the foreign research infrastructures. In addition, criteria facilitating the policy evaluation (determining the policy indicators) of the project have been developed,
and the data of 361 individual RIS being a part of the networks among the SRIS;
Hungary's participation in the international research infrastructures Policy recommendations) Furthermore, the data supplied by over 400 research infrastructures (in early 2014) enabled us to have an up to date picture of the status of the domestic research infrastructure on the NEKIFUT
and the publishing of its data, as well as the performance of related analyses. 5. The vision of research infrastructures As stated above,
which can be determined also on the basis of statistical data it is reasonable to analyse the infrastructures of the various fields of science separately by disciplines the infrastructure of natural science and social sciences,
in the interest of comparability, it will be worth collecting similar data in the future. Of course, there are some trends and conclusions
whether it is an infrastructure consisting of a databases or not. Similarly, the costs of infrastructures in each discipline may significantly vary;
and physical sciences may differ in magnitudes, in line with the investment data of the Hungarian infrastructures.
it has taken into account the data of research infrastructures assessed and contacted in the NEKIFUT project;
the data of the HAS Research Infrastructure Presidential Committee; and the results of the common data collection of NGM and NIH, in the framework of which every research infrastructure owner has been asked about the international infrastructures the participation in which they would consider important.
The final prioritization has been made on the basis of the professional justification of projects. Moreover, the criteria enabling the policy evaluation of projects (determining policy indicators) have also been developed,
the RI Committee of HAS President and the NEKIFUT database. It is recommended also to operate an independent monitoring unit in the field of RIS
the establishment and regular maintenance of a broad Hungarian RI database has been one of the objectives of the National Research Infrastructure Survey
Furthermore, there will be an opportunity for the regular update of certain data of the Register, which will significantly increase the accuracy and usefulness of the Register.
The new Register is available on the new interface of the NIH Kaleidoscope information system, on the addresshttp://nekifut. gov. hu/.
CESSDA A searchable virtual FRI managing the social sciences databases of all EU member and partner states
which is essential in searching comparative data for public administration and academic purposes. The FRI was launched in the 70s
develop and preserve the existing (and future) biological data sources. The project establishes such a European infrastructure with a secure financial background that enables the optimised storage, integration and analysis of biological information for the European research communities.
but also Hungarian SMES could participate in FAIR, primarily related to the construction of detectors and performance of digital data processing.
but HAS Wigner FK is engaged also in negotiations in order to join PRACE with a GPU-based supercomputer and data centre service.
The various data of the elderly are collected by regular surveys and made available to researcher communities free of charge. 21 EU member
The database of measured values is available to the researchers of participating countries by virtual access.
the method of participation and the extent of commitment can only be clarified later. 34 CARPATCLIM CARPATCLIM database was established through a non-ESFRI cooperation of 8 countries in the Carpathian Basin (CZ PL SK RO UA
The availability of the current part of the database: http://www. carpatclim-eu. org/pages/home/.
/It contains daily weather data for all parts of the country (and its surroundings) for 40 years back,
The database is crucial for the agriculture in order to prepare itself for climate change, and several universities and research institutes (ELTE, SZIE Gödöllo, NAIK ERTI, Nyme,
Unfortunately, the data regarding a narrow strip of the country's territory (west to longitude 17) is not accessible,
TRANSFAC The TRANSFAC database contains the binding sites of transcription factors in promoters and enhancers in case of eukaryotic genes.
TRANSFAC is one of the largest databases collecting the binding sites of transcription factors and transcription factors that are updated regularly and several times a year.
The TRANSFAC database can be considered the most extensive database of a wide range of species with detailed information on numerous transcription factors, promoter regions, binding sites and other related information.
Besides the relatively small and less frequently updated free version of the database there is a much broader version,
which is available for a subscription fee, summarising a vast amount of information sources and literary data making TRANSFAC the most comprehensive database of its kind.
or exome sequencing data. With the help of Genome Trax, the entire genome can be mapped
The database contains the most comprehensive HGMD Professional collection of mutations causing sickness and their pharmacogenomical versions from PGMD.
This database integrates public data sets on somatic mutations allele frequencies and clinical variants from their most up-to-date versions.
CCDC CSD Cambridge Crystallographic Data centre (CCDC) provides high-quality information, software and services in the fields of chemistry and crystallography.
The X-ray structure of single crystals of smaller organic molecules is collected by the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD.
and continuously updated by Cambridge Crystallographic Data centre (CCDC)).The database often contains the single crystal structure of various polymorphs of a certain material.
EU-OPENSCREEN 35 Hungary joined the project consisting of 17 member states and several institutes active in the area of chemical biology at the end of a three-yearlong preparatory phase in November 2013.
This means giving free online access to the results of publicly-funded research (publications and data.
and clustering to achieve benefits of scale will increase regional research competitiveness. This should serve to increase regional competitiveness in winning competitive funding,
Priority Areas for Publicly-performed Research 2013-17 A Future Networks & Communications H Food for Health B Data Analytics, Management, Security & Privacy I Sustainable Food Production
Data repositories serviced by experts to capture and enable the exploitation of publicly available data from research and administrative sources to benefit future research;
and Ongoing investment in the ICT/e-infrastructure that underpins all research endeavours in the country.
and innovation agenda, including issues such as open data, shared infrastructures, and the development of ecosystems within the public sector for the trial and application of emerging technologies, The need to develop a more progressive, supportive and responsive domestic regulatory environment,
and service delivery and business processes, requires companies to respond to global megatrends such as the cloud, web based delivery, big data, mobile commerce, cost of energy, technology pace and globalisation/localisation.
and clustering to achieve benefits of scale will increase regional research competitiveness. This should serve to increase regional competitiveness in winning competitive funding,
Priority Areas for Publicly-performed Research 2013-17 A Future Networks & Communications H Food for Health B Data Analytics, Management, Security & Privacy I Sustainable Food Production
Data repositories serviced by experts to capture and enable the exploitation of publicly available data from research and administrative sources to benefit future research;
and Ongoing investment in the ICT/e-infrastructure that underpins all research endeavours in the country.
and innovation agenda, including issues such as open data, shared infrastructures, and the development of ecosystems within the public sector for the trial and application of emerging technologies, The need to develop a more progressive, supportive and responsive domestic regulatory environment,
and service delivery and business processes, requires companies to respond to global megatrends such as the cloud, web based delivery, big data, mobile commerce, cost of energy, technology pace and globalisation/localisation.
Ortega-Argilés Disclaimer The responsibility for the accuracy of the analysis and for the judgements expressed lies with the authors alone.
or a group of countries. 18 The advantage of this method is that such data are available in a comparative format (with some restrictions),
quantitative analyses calculate degrees of specialisation of regional economies on the basis of employment (or value-added) data.
Hence, it is important to match these specialisation data with performance indicators (value added, exports, etc.
existence and coverage of training on entrepreneurship and creative problem-solving; autonomy and transparency of education and research organisations;
It is based on a network analysis using data on job changes between industries, showing proximity between industries in terms of skill sets.
Frequent coverage in the media helped the project to resonate in the local business community; Pilot projects:
through radio, television and newspaper coverage (iv) the distribution of customised brochures (v) the creation of a specialised project web site and (vi) the use of iconic companies in the region as ambassadors for the project.
The sources for their baseline and achievement value could be the monitoring system, official data bases, ad hoc surveys, peer reviews,
and requires reliable historical statistical data and in depth analysis. Cluster mapping and benchmarking activities are powerful tools for 68 starting the assessment of regional specialisation patterns and comparing statistical findings among regions.
and providing benchmarking possibilities across the EU. It should be stressed that statistical data at the same level of granularity are not always available across the EU and,
therefore, additional efforts should be made by some regions to complement existing data sets by more detailed quantitative and qualitative information.
Collect, if necessary, more detailed statistical data and perform qualitative-based surveys to better understand the dynamics of regional clusters to be used for implementing smart specialisation strategies.
ICT-based e-Infrastructures (networks, computing resources, software and data repositories) for research and education; and any other entity of a unique nature essential to achieving or enabling excellence in research.
Data from the 2010 Digital Competitiveness report77 reveals that while representing 5%of GDP, ICT drives 20%of overall productivity growth
DAE has set ambitious targets for high speed internet infrastructure across the Union by 2020: 100%coverage of EU households at 30 Mbps minimum+50%take-up subscriptions
to cultural contents (ebooks, online platforms for music and movies, digitisation and access to Europe's cultural heritage79.
The deployment of a culture of open data and secured online access, the harnessing of a true digital single market (ecommerce),
identifying the needs for reaching ambitious population coverage and take-up targets of next generation networks (over 30 Mbps),
The DAE scoreboard provides data and an annual assessment of the performance at EU and Member State level.
For this, solid economic data is necessary. The Commission is in the process of setting up an EU Monitoring Mechanism,
This mechanism will provide EU-wide and international market data on the demand and supply of KETS,
and account for up to 4. 5%of the total EU GDP and some 3. 8%of its workforce,'Building a Digital economy:
context characterised in particular by digitisation and globalisation, offering great opportunities for the sectors but making it necessary for them to develop new skills,
Collect, if possible, statistical data and perform qualitative-based surveys to better understand the dynamics of CCIS to be used for implementing smart specialisation strategies;
the development and use of new information technologies (for example to promote the digitisation of cultural heritage), strengthening of entrepreneurship in CCIS,
and will set up further information initiatives (databases, conferences) and a high-level expert group on social experimentation.
what other quantitative and qualitative information/methods have informed the strategy (e g. cluster analysis, value chain analysis,
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