as well as rationalising resources. 6. 7. 5. Introduction of open data In the evolution towards a network society, a new,
open public data to enable businesses and citizens to create products and generate wealth and value.
and the Public Administration 7. 4. Using ICTS to modernise the Administration 7. 5. Introduction of open data 7. 6. Modernising
The latest data for enterprises with foreign investment are available for the end 2009: their number was 20,552,
See also the operationalisation exercise and data in Morais Camanho, 2011.5 This is the consensus opinion of Hungarian researchers publishing on metropolitan development
International comparative statistics, e g. the Eurostat Urban Audit provide data up till the mid-2000s
According to data on the distribution of national resources for innovation support purposes, CH absorbed 60%of total innovation support from the National Research and Technological Innovation Fund (KTIA) between 2004 and 2008 and a similar
As for the regional data as might be expected CH is above the national average: 4. 3%(150%of the national average.
evidence is in principle available in the form of statistical data, analyses and regional innovation intermediaries'databases.
Hungarian regional innovation data as part of an international comparison is available in the Regional Innovation Scoreboard, on the PRO-INNO EUROPE website.
Statistical data on regional economic and innovation performance is compiled regularly and published by the Central Statistical Office.
These activities contributed to compiling a continuously increasing regional innovation database to be used later for policy intelligence purposes.
RDA Statistical Database, author's calculations. Several CHOP project calls were announced in support of market-oriented R&d activity.
author's calculation from NKTH, 2010 data. National policy schemes to support innovation are diversified highly each individual policy objective is supported by a number of partly overlapping policy measures (Havas,
Both data are higher then the national average. Life expectancy indicators are better than the national average.
Actions include setting up an interactive company database, monitoring demand from multinationals, improving conditions of access to capital, promoting cooperation between companies (clusters and virtual companies).
Data about the number of applications, information about the results of evaluations and the success rate of projects are missing.
or impact Evidence of outcomes based on evaluation and other evidence No data is available about the number of applications. 16 projects were selected,
Do's and Don'ts No data is available about the number of applications, thus the success can not be judged.
there was a good media coverage, thus it contributed to the increase in the awareness about the impacts of innovation.
Actions include setting up an interactive company database, monitoring demand from multinational companies, improving conditions of access to capital and current assets, promoting cooperation between companies (clusters and virtual companies),
Regional data, information on funding resources and studies are areavailable on CD. One can also visit the website of the Agency for information.
Integration of these data into the countrywide information system. 2. Evaluation and registration of innovation centres, incubator houses and technology centres. 3. Information provision about funding opportunities for innovative SMES,
It also helps the SMES of the region in getting access to financial resources provided in the framework of various Hungary or EU financed programmes. 32 Appendix D Statistical data Indicator Közép--Magyarország
which is the ability to network people, ideas and data across boundaries of any nature:
distributed knowledge creation and data from real environments("Internet of things")in order to create awareness of problems and possible solutions requesting collective efforts, enabling new forms of social innovation.
When we refer to the collaboration of human and nonhuman actors we can think of data being gathered by engaging both citizens and sensors,
Safecast, which after the March 2011 earthquake in Japan provided data about radiation by using a sensor network;
Another important area of analysis is related to data security, protection and data sharing in the use of online social networks and the value proposition and business models that surround personal and sensitive data.
Moving from citizen engagement to the data that these citizens produce on the web, intentionally or unintentionally,
a main research question is how to make that data reliable, trustworthy and meaningful? To this end CAPS projects study manners of visualising behavioural patterns and information diffusion, of supporting and improving collaborative sense-making,
and of improving the cross fertilisation between official and unofficial statistical data. In addition, CAPS projects support existing communities by intensifying the analysis
user-generated knowledge, visualisation of digital (open) data, and copyright. All such topics involve the understanding of collective forms of behaviour
Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in defending their online rights.
This list could be used as a useful data source to identify the type of organisations,
This overview consists of a clustering of the funded CAPS projects under 14 emerging categories.
The clustering is based on available public documents of CAPS projects and on the knowledge available among the authors,
This clustering considers the main'innovations'produced by the projects. More comprehensive outputs of each project will then comprise the ways in
such as collective mapping (CAP4ACCESS), deliberation (CATALYST), crowd voting (CHEST), social currencies (D-CENT), directories of initiatives (P2pvalue), statistical data collections (WEB-COSI),
Open) Data Integration Each social network has a different affordance for users. Twitter, Facebook and other widely-adopted social systems format the content in different ways,
Integrating user-generated data from different media, analysing the content as well as user participation, and providing insightful visualisations are some of the complex tasks related to data integration addressed by CAPS projects.
D-CENT, WIKIRATE, and WEB-COSI are focused on open data integration by providing different standards, tools and methods for data federation.
DECARBONET and D-CENT work on the modelling of social media data for mining and presenting it in an aggregated way.
CATALYST DECARBONET, and WIKIRATE are also together in that they aggregate data from different social media sources (such as Facebook, Twitter and emailing systems.
Online Deliberation From Group-Based to Large-scale Recent events have given evidence to the fact that communities can be created
provide unstructured conversations where data is presented not in a way that makes it easy for other people
and WIKIRATE, actually leverage some of the characteristics of this mode of production in delivering their results, from statistical data (SCICAFE2. 0) to scientific themes (SCICAFE2. 0),
and data quality discrimination (WIKIRATE and WEB-COSI). 38 Privacy-Aware Tools and Applications Privacy-aware systems have evolved over the last decade from privacy-enhancing technologies (PETS)
ensuring that people are in full control of their data, maintaining privacy and trust in the technology they use.
FOCAL is motivated by privacy concerns about the data and location of the end users that contribute to CAPS.
and may in fact assume a personal data vault to provide a secure environment for effective control over relevant data.
while also providing them with tools to enable the use of their data by entities outside of the OSN, for example,
7. CKAN http://ckan. org CKAN is a powerful data management system that makes data accessible by providing tools to streamline publishing,
sharing, finding and using data. CKAN is aimed at data publishers (national and regional governments, companies and organisations) wanting to make their data open and available. 8. Climate Quiz https://apps. facebook. com/climate-quiz A Facebook application in the tradition of Games with a Purpose for Measuring Environmental
Knowledge. 9. Cohere http://cohere. open. ac. uk Cohere is a visual tool to create,
connect and share ideas, and back them up with websites. By using Cohere people can support
Media Watch for Climate Change http://www. ecoresearch. net/climate It tracks the latest news and social media coverage on climate change and related issues.
Openahjo http://dev. hel. fi/apis/openahjo Openahjo is an API and a UI for accessing the decision-making material of the city of Helsinki. 33.
and maintain data about roads, trails, cafés, railway stations, and much more, all over the world. 35.
Pump. io http://pump. io Social server with an Activitystreams API. 43 38. Pybossa http://pybossa. com Pybossa is a free, 100%open-source framework for crowdsourcing.
to perform semantic fusion of data that can make sense of the underlying causal processes of a problem situation (i e. the models of the problem space),
Integrating quantitative data with content analysis of self-reports is a possible way to evaluate,
The results of the data and evidence collected in such a way can be used to articulate the relationships between the different kinds of effects. 65 66 6. Conclusion 67 Conclusion The aim of the CAPS projects is to promote positive social change.
Kirk, D.,Douglas, A.,Brennan, C. & Ingram, A. 2002)' Combining Cognitive Maps and Soft Systems Methodology to Analyse Qualitative Data'.
'Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data. De Paoli, S. & Teli, M. eds. 2011)' New Groups and New Methods?
Argumentation in Artificial intelligence. Springer. pp. 1-22. Walton, D.,Reed, C. & Macagno, F. 2008) Argumentation Schemes.
but also regarding patient administrative data, instrumentation and diagnostic equipment, departmental systems, and patient care, continuing a trend that began in the laboratory and spread to clinical care areas.
'E-health addresses new healthcare trends by facilitating individual information capture, data mining, and concomitant access by multiple stakeholders..
Other issues to be addressed include training, physical security and confidentiality of patient-related data. Human factors:
Standardisation The automation of processes and services is not feasible without data standards that allow communication through open access internet-oriented software languages.
and conflicts in defining minimum data sets for operational management and clinical decision-making. Standards development and implementation is a slow process
Security and privacy The data protection of health records against intrusion, unauthorised use, data corruption, intentional or unintentional damage, theft,
and commitment to data management responsibilities in all functions at all levels, creating an additional burden to the already demanding professional workload.
and exchanging patient data, with concomitant distrust for off-site data storage and access control. There is a clear danger that by failing to adopt ICT solutions the public sector may become incapable of competing with the private operators,
Data from those sources is limited however very. Speeding up adoption depends on the presence of factors such as incentives, competition, return on investment, and regulation.
Kimmo Levä examines the three stages of digitisation for museums, placing an emphasis on the current third stage that focuses upon accessibility
Volker Rodekamp describes in detail the centralisation and digitisation of the collections of the Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig (Museum of City History Leipzig),
Effects of this digitisation project include not only significantly increased access to the museum's online collections,
The project serves as a prime example of the successes digitisation can bring to a museum and its community.
heritage organisations have been slow in engaging in digitisation. Why has this been the case? Understanding historical developments is crucial for appreciating both the multitude of current initiatives like Europeana and the emergence of other new actors in the field.
Museums were never the driving force behind digitisation or the new Internet possibilities of access, negotiation,
The Google books Project, the most famous example of mass digitisation, is by no means the only one.
Although clearly museums have so far not been the vanguard in the process of digitisation the need for them to become more active players is Where do museums stand in the digital age?
This will force them to increasingly rely on collaboration with data centres, external companies and experts. 3. Obtain Museums today must not only create digital objects themselves,
Data modelling and collection in the digital age is a far greater challenge than the more classic'book-finder'.
and modern, networked databases open up countless new valuable research possibilities. In order to take advantage of such opportunities in the digital age,
The Europeana Data Model has made important steps toward such standardisation and offers a valuable example for museums.
Questions of exhibition design are only very indirectly related to digitisation. Sure, there are'virtual exhibitions, 'or the use of new technologies such as smartphone apps as a replacement to the traditional audio guide.
The museum's place is in the centre of a society that is becoming increasingly interconnected through digitisation and in the centre of a rapidly changing network of institutions,
In the area of digital preservation, for example, data centres have skills that museums will never attain.
and digitisation and the Internet can help make it accessible to everyone. What museums do with public funds for society must remain public
Nick Poole 14 Science, the environment and business will evolve, building on tools that support the interpretation of large volumes of data,
Today, museums are asked to provide services ranging from digitisation and aggregation of digital cultural content, to interactive navigation, culture experiences, lifelong learning, social media and augmented reality applications.
and act as a larger cultural data centre, providing among other things, global, uninterrupted cross-platform access to priceless content.
when simple digitisation activities are implemented or even when a museum's web portal provides access to content online.
and under this assumption, the digitisation, dissemination and further exploitation of this content in the digital environment will be prominent.
and more of a focus on developing communities who reuse the data, content, knowledge and technology that Europeana and its partners make available to them.
or citizens'personal data. 26 27 Kimmo Levä uses Finland as a case study to examine the three stages of digitisation for museums,
For museums, this entails digitisation in every function. It not only calls for investments in new technologies,
From local to global Digitisation and networking in the information society are part and parcel of globalisation,
the stages of digitisation In Finland, the digitisation of collections and museum work is currently moving into the third stage of development,
The first stage occurred in the 1990s and basically involved digitisation. Museums digitised photos, documents and collection data.
However, despite such digitisation, material was stored still on hard disks in museums. During the second stage of digitisation, in the early 2000s, museums began to implement collection management systems that made material accessible to the audience via the Internet.
Currently, in the third stage, the primary focus is upon creating a network where museums share the same collection management system
client interfaces and services based on the digitised material. A vital part of this third stage is to make client interfaces a well-known brand.
Notwithstanding the problems, digitisation presents a great opportunity for museums. It gives them the chance to open mobile and purely virtual museums alongside brick-andmortar establishments.
the open data ideology and expectations concerning museums are undermined as open data enthusiasts and the majority of museum customers expect to receive everything from museums for free.
The open data philosophy does not bind the end user and it is highly likely that someone will generate money along the way from the museum's efforts.
Results of the digitisation project include significantly increased access to the museum's collections, increased on-site visits to the museum and increased communication and outreach within the local community.
Since 2010, this data has been shared nationally and internationally with online portals such as Europeana, Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek and Kalliope.
the museum also implemented a database of all victim groups in Leipzig during the Nazi regime.
In addition to serving public requests, the museum's online database is used for several education services and projects.
The online database connects the museum with local and regional schools thus supporting explorative learning, developing students'research skills, preparing
while at the same time, the museum received about 700,000 online visitors to the collection database. In the end, the museum received about two-thirds more visitors to its digital collections than to its physical exhibition and collections.
that still need to be entered into the online database. To accomplish this, the museum will need another six to eight years
This digitisation and virtualisation of museums, has created also new professional positions, such as cyber curators, that could not have existed ten years prior. 5. In the era of globalisation,
Continued digitisation of our everyday lives is undeniable and irreversible; the young generation does not even talk about'digital'anymore.
and digitisation of cultural heritage. He has authored more than seventy research papers. Jorge Wagensberg is the Scientific Director of the Foundation'la Caixa'and the former Director of the Area of the Environment and Science at'la Caixa'.
'Other developments such as augmented reality (combining real world and digital information), Big data, and service robotics will expose consumers to a whole variety of new digital services in their daily lives.
According to one forecast5, additive manufacturing meaning the process of joining materials to make objects from 3d model data,
implying a maximum possible acceptance rate of 6%.Much more analysis will be needed to draw any programmatic conclusions from the data,
This could be achieved by selecting coaches with strong expertise in 7 E g. statistics from the IMPROVE benchmarking database with 1,
The quality of the data should also be improved. Recommendation 6. 3: Open new territories to participation by innovative SMES in areas of Horizon 2020 where they are represented currently under.
It is very important to understand why data, information, and knowledge are actually different things.
Data is always correct because it deals with the facts of the world. For instance during the crisis in Ukraine (March 2014) one could see on RT (Russian Television) man talking into the camera
There is no dispute that this footage was aired on RT (data. Now, the RT presented to us that these couple of hundred men armed with nothing but handguns are ready to take on the Russian Army (information.
Information captures data at a single point, by the subjective informant. So, the information is not always an accurate reflection of the data.
In this case the public is informed by giving certain interpretation of the data (a single man talking into the camera.
Computers can store data and information, but cannot store knowledge. Only human brains Manuscript received April 2, 2014;
revised June 17, 2014. Mladen Milicevic is with the Loyola Marymount University, Los angeles, USA (e-mail: mmilicev@lmu. edu;
So, the human brain uses two sources to build this knowledge-information and data. Speaking in semiological terms information and data are the signs
and knowledge is the human interpretation of those signs. In the case of Ukrainian paramilitary group, different humans will make an infinite number of interpretations regarding the data
and information presented to them. I tend to believe that the entire interview was staged in order to manipulate the public.
There is certain amount of data in the world, and there is plenty more information than data,
however the knowledge in the world in exponentially grater that both data and information. When comes to education we must be cognizant that the explosion of information is not equivalent to the explosion of knowledge.
The major problem of today's education is how to structure information into knowledge. Students are being inundated with undigested information
and he has made numerous presentations at various international conferences on a wide range of topics such as music, film, aesthetics, semiology, neuroscience, sociology, education, artificial intelligence, religion,
Draft Council conclusions on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation-Adoption of Council conclusions At its meeting on 17 april 2012, the Audiovisual Working Party reached an agreement
EAEX Draft Council conclusions on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
-The digitisation and online accessibility of the Member States'cultural material and its longterm digital preservation are essential to enable access for all to culture
Digitisation and online accessibility of Member States'cultural heritage, considered both in a national and cross-border context,
-The context for digitisation efforts and for collaboration at European level has changed since the Council adopted in 2006 conclusions on digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation2.
Europeana was launched in 2008 as a common multilingual access point to Europe's digital cultural heritage
WELCOMES-the Commission Recommendation of 27 october 2011 on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation4 (2011/711/EU) as part of the Digital Agenda for Europe5;
as well as the efforts to provide funding for digitisation in a time of economic crisis; -the valuable work done by Europeana,
-the need to continue work on technical standards for digitisation and metadata, including through the framework of Europeana, for the benefit of both accessibility and long-term preservation of digital material;
-the need to actively promote voluntary agreements6 on the large scale digitisation and online availability of out-of-commerce works and to take the necessary measures to provide for the required legal certainty in a national and cross-border context;
-that the digitisation and online accessibility of Europe's cultural heritage should be carried out in full respect of intellectual property rights;
6 On 20 september 2011 a Memorandum of Understanding on the Key Principles on the Digitisation and Making Available of Out-of-Commerce Works was signed in Brussels by stakeholders'representatives,
consolidate their strategies and targets for the digitisation of cultural material; consolidate the organisation of digitisation
and the provision of funding for digitisation, including through promoting the use of public-private partnerships;
improve the framework conditions for the online accessibility and use of cultural material; contribute to the further development of Europeana,
and approaches to, digitisation as well as the overall budgetary consolidation efforts being made in Member States; 7 http://ec. europa. eu/information society/activities/digital libraries/comite des sages/index en. htm. 8 COM (2011) 665 final/3. 9 COM (2011
present on this basis every two years a report on progress on digitisation, online accessibility and digital preservation;
and good practices including on public-private partnerships and standards for digitisation; 7. INVITES THE MEMBER STATES, THE COMMISSION AND EUROPEANA, within their respective competences,
To consolidate their strategies and targets for the digitisation of cultural material by: Consolidating, by the end of 2012,
targets for digitisation and maintaining or, where appropriate, increasing the priority given to digitisation Developing, by 2013,
standards for the selection of material to be digitised and the way the material is presented online,
or other visual protection measures that reduce usability Reinforcing monitoring of progress in digitisation to create overviews at national level and contributing to an overview at European level Contributing,
by the end of 2013, to the Commission's assessment of progress of digitisation and digital preservation at European level 8832/12 MM/ag/mj 8 ANNEX TO ANNEX DGE-1c E2.
To consolidate the organisation of digitisation and the provision of funding for digitisation, including through promoting the use of public-private partnerships by:
Encouraging public-private partnerships for digitisation between cultural institutions and private partners, taking as a point of departure the criteria outlined in the Commission Recommendation 2011/711/EU Making use of the EU Structural Funds,
if appropriate, to co-finance digitisation activities11 Promoting measures to optimise the use of digitisation capacity to achieve economies of scale,
keeping in mind the potential for cross-border collaboration 3. To improve the framework conditions for the online accessibility and use of cultural material by:
Ensuring that, in principle, material in the public domain remains in the public domain after digitisation, in full respect of intellectual property rights Promoting voluntary stakeholders'agreements
and other mechanisms facilitating digitisation and online accessibility of out-of-commerce works 11 These conclusions do not prejudge the negotiations on the next Multiannual Financial Framework. 8832/12 MM/ag/mj 9 ANNEX TO ANNEX DGE-1c
and contributing to cross-border aggregators for Europeana Encouraging the use of common digitisation standards
the IUS and other data presented in this report, the following five major structural challenges of the Hungarian NIS are highlighted:
as no change (0. 0%)could be observed according to the IUS2013 data compared to the previous period. 2. Low occurrence of co-operation in innovation activities among key actors.
According to the most recent data published by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office1 the Hungarian GDP grew by 1. 8%according to raw data
and by 1. 6%according to seasonally and calendar adjusted data in the 3rd quarter of 2013 compared to the corresponding period of the previous year.
Most recent data of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 4th december 2013, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Budapest. 2 OECD (2013:
as%of total turnover 7. 0***10.5***16.4**n. a. 13.3***Data from 2011**Data from 2008***Data from 2006***
Data from 2004 Source: Eurostat The Hungarian GERD reached 1. 3%of the GDP in 2012, the highest ratio in the past decade.
%)Although, the latest figures beyond 2008 are not available in the EUROSTAT database, the same development could be identified concerning the turnover from innovation.
According to the data of the National Development Agency, the total number of recipients of these instruments was more than 16.000 in December 2013.
2010, Havas, 2012 and Dory-Havas, 2013), the situation analysis of the National Research-development and Innovation Strategy 2013-2020, the IUS and other data presented above,
as no change (0. 0%)could be observed according to the IUS2013 data, compared to the previous period. 2) Low occurrence of co-operation in innovation activities among key actors Innovation processes draw on different types of knowledge and skills,
According to the data of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, the number of foreign students decreased slightly compared to 2011,
The National Research Infrastructure Register is a searchable database providing information on major research infrastructures (RIS) in Hungary in all fields of science.
RIS include research facilities, resources, related services and their networks like instruments, gene banks, data bases,
Central europe's top research-oriented data centre was inaugurated at MTA's Wigner Research Centre for Physics in June 2013.
A total value of about €29. 3 million (HUF8. 5 billion) has gone into the establishment of a data centre that can give a push to Hungarian scientific research
KPMG, 2013) According to data provided by the National Development Agency, this figure was above 16,000 in December 2013.
and Hungary has the highest growth rate in the EU in terms of VC invested according to 2012 Eurostat data.
results on action groups will be presented at the EIP Water Conference on 21 november 2013 Raw materials 4 Operational group membership In addition to the above data on the Hungarian participation in different EIPS,
According to statistical data it is about 2. 5-3%of the total FTE researchers. Research positions at public research institutes are open to non-nationals.
and update regularly their publications in the scientific bibliography database (i e. List of Hungarian Scientific Works, MTMT in Hungarian) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences'Library.
This database has the main purpose"to keep an inventory on Hungarian academic achievements and to make these valuable contributions known to the world in a high quality format.
The database became a central part of the Hungarian research-development information system. The knowledge transfer organisations are weak
if looking at (post) graduate data(-)Education and training curricula doesn't focus on critical thinking, problem-solving and teamwork,
in order to support public sector innovation(-)No significant use of public procurement as a tool to support the elaboration of innovative solutions in public services(-)Public tenders are evaluated mainly on the lowest price(-)Government-owned data is not widely accessible
Remove legal and other barriers to cross-border access to RIS(+)Opening of Central europe's top research-oriented data centre at MTA's Wigner Research Centre for Physics(+)Visiting scholar programme
+MTA and most Hungarian universities requires their researchers to register their publications in the scientific bibliography database run by MTA(-)Lack of national Open Access strategy Action 2:
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