At all times, teachers were aware of the requirement to create innovative uses of the devices as cognitive tools rather than for simple recording of data, one way transmission of information (such as podcasting of lectures),
teachers used data collection methods such as focus group interviews, observations, video recordings, individual interviews, journals, weekly logs, reflective essays, student blogs
when integrating data and processing with modern systems. Despite this the government's stated preference is to extend the lives of such systems rather than face the risks and costs of replacing them.
and prescribing related data to NHS stakeholders and the general public. For example the Electronic Prescribing
& Financial Information for Practices service (epfip) allows GP practices to interrogate their prescribing data;
it provides a file of the payment data to NHS Connecting for Health to facilitate PCTS making the necessary payment to dispensing practices.
and prescribing related data to NHS stakeholders and the general public (see paragraph 2. 3). 12 Part Two NHS Prescription Services:
and data The prescription pricing service depends on the CIP and legacy systems. Once the information has been captured in either system calculation rules are applied automatically.
we asked the Authority to provide us with service and system performance data for 2010-11 and 2011-12.
We also requested cost data for the prescriptions pricing service for the period 2008-09 to 2013-14 and all cost data relating to the legacy system held by the Authority.
Data on system availability system faults and customer satisfaction did not distinguish between the legacy and CIP systems.
the Authority was only able to provide us with the cost data for 2011-12 and a forecast for 2012-13.
Cost data on those two years was also less detailed than we expect. Service and system performance 3. 3 The key volume measure for the prescription service is the total number of line items listed on each prescription form.
NAO analysis of Authority data 3. 4 The Authority works to a target to process 97.5 per cent of items accurately.
NAO analysis of Authority data 3. 10 The business case envisaged that a further 1. 13 pence (27 per cent of the actual 2011-12 cost) per prescription line item could be saved by the adoption
NAO analysis of Authority data NOTE 1. Costs in 2012-13 are budget estimates. 3. 12 The increase in the Authority's overall ICT costs is due to a £4 million
There are two data sources for drug and contractor information: the'CDR'and the'MDR'.'CDR provides drug information for the CIP system,
The drug data held in CDR complies with the NHS Dictionary of Medicines and Devices,
and Social Care. 12 The drug data used by the legacy system use an earlier standard
and the inability to integrate with current data standards and systems (e g. EPS) all further the cause to complete the migration to CIP.
and representatives from the suppliers Data and document review that encompassed key contracts, technical and design documentation, management information,
Data quality and assurance A clear and consistent strategy for data standards and architecture ensures a coordinated approach to continually improve the quality of information provided by the legacy system.
The sources of data are understood well and business users have trust in the information. Risk management Risk management processes ensure that the business risk appetite is documented
All legacy data have been identified, cleansed and mapped to the new solution and decommissioning costs have been identified.
Technical processes Data management processes are owned in place and by the business and are applied to the legacy system.
and its security controls ensure the confidentiality, availability and integrity of data. External security risk assessments are carried out regularly.
A company-wide electronic data source aims to disseminate employees'professional experience, for example tips for winning a contract, from
such as the Internet, EDI (electronic data interchange), Minitel and interactive telephone systems. 10 In the B2c context, the Internet and e-commerce can be effective tools for better communication.
including those previously inaccessible because of the use of costly closed EDI networks (electronic data interchange).
which data are available seem to be greater for smaller enterprises. The Nordic countries have a more homogeneous distribution across firms of different sizes,
The source for these data is the Eurostat Community Survey on enterprise use of ICT.
Data available from surveys in some countries indicate that SMES use the Internet (and e-mail) for better external communications and as a means of obtaining business information.
While available data suggest that electronic commerce is growing, it still accounts for a relatively small proportion of economic activity for firms of all sizes.
For 16 countries for which both Internet purchasing and Internet sales data are available, only one in eight on average reported making Internet sales.
Slow Internet connections and data transfer have discouraged in fact some SMES from adopting Internet: a majority of SMES with 10-249 employees in Austria, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal and the United kingdom indicated excessively slow or unstable data communication as a major hindrance to Internet use (Eurostat, 2002.
(or speed of data transfer) provided on a telecommunications network via high-speed Internet access. See OECD (2004) recommendation of the Council on Broadband Development. 24 Figure 10.
In 2002,8%of the population in Brazil were Internet users and almost 10%in Mexico, very much lower than Europe and the US (ITU data, 2004.
for face to face interaction 38.7 31.5 38.3 32.6 30.2 32.5 31.0 28.3 30.6 33.8 Concern about privacy of data or security issues 47.4 61.1 48.1 48.4 55.1
Although direct access to stock data is technically feasible and can help to minimise inventories
some retailers do not provide their suppliers with electronic access to such data. They continue to order over the phone
high speed and security measures to protect the transmission of confidential data and other critical messages.
or systems of electronic data interchange, excluding manually typed e-mails. 5 however, is on issues related to the E-commerce Directive
15.01.2010 (using 2009 data). 17 Eurostat, Data In focus 50/2010: Internet Usage in 2010 Households and Individuals, 14.12.2010, available at:
http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/portal/page/portal/product details/publication? p product code=KS-QA-10-050 18 KPMG, Consumer and Convergence Survey IV, April 2010, available at:
and received at its destination using electronic equipment for the processing (including digital compression) and storage of data,
the service must be provided via the transmission of data"at an individual request"."This constitutes the element of interactivity
Additional data are necessary to measure the progress of online services in the European economy. Some data are available in private research institutes
but they do not always cover the 27 Member States, and their comparability is guaranteed not.
in the sense that its conduct is merely technical, automatic and passive, pointing to a lack of knowledge or control of the data
Google processes the data entered by advertisers and the resulting display of the ads is made under conditions which Google controls.
"That is not the case where the service provider, instead of confining itself to providing that service neutrally by a merely technical and automatic processing of the data provided by its customers,
or control over, those data (Google France and Google, paragraphs 114 and 120)"."Paragraph 113"(.
or control over, the data relating to those offers for sale. It cannot then rely, in the case of those data,
on the exemption from liability referred to in Article 14 (1) of Directive 2000/31".("Paragraphs 115 and 116) The ECJ suggested that Ebay would potentially in some instances not have such a neutral position:"
or control of the data stored. The operator plays such a role when it provides assistance which entails
"As regards the above-mentioned question it notes that"it must be held that the injunction imposed on the ISP concerned requiring it to install the contested filtering system would oblige it to actively monitor all the data relating to each of its customers
The use and exchange of personal data have become essential factors in the online economy. 150 Professional players are aggregating massive amounts of data for professional use,
explicit and legitimate purposes (data minimisation principle) and not further processed in a way incompatible with those purposes (principle of finality).
whom their data are processed and the rights to access, rectify and delete personal data. Monitoring of compliance with data protection laws implementing the Directive is entrusted to national public independent authorities endowed with investigative and enforcement powers.
155 Service providers that qualify as data controllers have to provide users with clear, easily understandable and affordable privacy notices in line with the requirements of the Data protection Directive.
language=en. 154 Directive 95/46/EC of the European parliament and of the Council of 24 october 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, OJ
but also concerns about the use of data have been raised. The following sections focus on spam as well as cookies,
PDF 158 Reference can also be made to the Data Retention Directive (Directive 2006/24/EC of 15 march 2006 on the retention of data generated
The Directive harmonises national laws on the retention of data e g. on internet access, telephony and e-mail to ensure the investigation, detection and prosecution of"serious crime".
"See the report from the Commission to the Council and the European parliament on the Data Retention Directive (Directive 2006/24/EC), COM (2011) 225 final, 18.04.2011;
http://www. statewatch. org/news/2011/apr/eu-com-data-retention-report-225-11. pdf 159 See:
They are designed to facilitate a browser-server interaction in order to collect data. Cookies allow the creation of profiles which can be beneficial for both users and online service providers.
almost 80%of online service providers interviewed are collecting data from cookies. 161 Business representatives indicated in the public consultation that today's internet economy
How the data are collected and used raises questions about the compatibility of this practice with the eprivacy Directive.
Accordingly, consent has the same meaning as the data subject's consent defined in Article 2 (h) of that Directive, i e."
Any changes in the purpose for which consent was given that occur afterwards cannot be assumed to be covered by that consent, such as processing of data for incompatible secondary purposes.
and accessing data on a user's terminal equipment are part of processing for the same purpose,
which the data are collected, to guarantee fair processing in respect of the individual. 164 Article 10 of the Data protection Directive lays down the minimum information that has to be provided to a data subject. 165 Further processing of personal data for historical,
statistical or scientific purposes is not generally to be considered as incompatible with the purposes for which the data have previously been collected,
provided suitable safeguards are in place (see recital 29 and Article 6 (1)( b) of the Data protection Directive).
Companies and industry associations increasingly publish their internal guidance for online/behavioural marketing and the processing of data.
and confirm commitments on principles such as informing consumers about control of their data; how they are used (selling to third parties,
The principles oblige the participating companies to provide clear and unambiguous notice to users that it collects data for the purposes of online behavioural advertising.
For example, in practice it is not always easy to request deletion of data, or to get access to personal data.
Moreover, 73%of distance sellers were unaware of the exact length of the"cooling-off"179 Data from the mystery shopping exercise taken from Civic Consulting.
In this context, Article 24 (1) of the Services Directive requires Member States to remove total bans in so far as such bans concern a particular form of advertising such as advertising over the Internet. 184 It has also been reported that contractual prohibitions (e g. on data portability) complicate multi-platform advertising campaigns.
the application of data and privacy protection rules on cookies and behavioural targeting has sometimes been perceived as excessive by internet companies.
Examples are geographical information, statistics, weather data, public transport data, data from publicly funded research projects,
Another key barrier is the lack of awareness of public organisations of the potential of open data.
there are practical and technical issues holding back the development of a true public data reuse market.
and the non-availability of the information in a machine-readable format make it impossible to reap maximum benefits from the new opportunities that the data offer.
and strengthen its public data strategy by inter alia targeting both the legal framework for reuse and available support tools.
Adapting the framework in favour of data reuse, including legal, soft law and policy measures;
Mobilising financing instruments by prioritising open data in R&d&i and infrastructure programmes; Facilitating coordination and experience-sharing between Member States.
if their credit card data reveal an address that is not within the distributor's territory, are hardcore restrictions.
One special issue to note is the application of the Directive to digital content (data produced
according to data from one of the major credit cards players, has 50%more bank cards than the USA but 40%smaller volume of ecommerce.
invoices can be paid electronically with a simple click and without the need for manual data input.
Eurostat Data In focus 46/2009: Internet usage in 2009-Households and Individuals, available at: http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/portal/page/portal/product details/publication?
http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/post/doc/studies/2010-main-developments en. pdf 253 Eurostat Data In focus 46/2009:
Based on available data one can observe that-with the exception of Greece, where 7%of the population does not have five times per week delivery frequency Member States do not provide for extensive derogations. 260 A basic high level parcel delivery of a specified quality standard at EU level is guaranteed
and 82%who have used already ADR would do so again in the future. 285 This evidence is further reinforced by data on the satisfaction levels of businesses that had used ADR;
domain names, internet protocol addresses and destination addresses of the website-subject-matter of injury and description of facts substantiating infringement-data necessary for identification of infringement-name, address or head office,
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication.
The FI PPP opening up to various application areas is a very interesting example on how new engagement platforms could be designed in the technology transition we are in, towards the cloud, Iot and big/open data.
This enables closer collaboration and exchange of data. Furthermore the partners share a boundary object, the Technology Platform,
Monitoring patent data, especially applications, gives an indication of the direction of technological development, which information in turn helps planning research investments also from society's point of view 17.
I do not have data on this, but a common view is that in general, the development in Europe is likely to have moved towards university-centrism during the past decades.
albeit with the reservation that more data is needed for deeper analysis. Like in Finland and elsewhere,
Jakarta Open Data Lab (ID), Chaos Computer Club (DE) Co-working labs Very diverse & changing Cop constellations Provide open spaces for work
e g. the role out of extensive sensor networks to collect all kinds of data. However, for a truly smart city solution, just collecting data is insufficient.
Smart solutions should have a real impact on quality of life by providing answers to real societal needs.
The resulting growth in the availability of data from sensors and controls creates many new service opportunities.
and open data from various sources is used together with data from large numbers of sensors from various suppliers.
such as those for the use of CCTV cameras, are insufficient for a multi-sensor, open data, public area living lab setup.
Sensor system integrating solutions from different suppliers to collect all kinds of data in the living lab 90 O P E N I N N O
This will allow a wide range of solutions to use the system and available open data:
The last challenge in the new paradigm is dealing with open data. Providing open data is attractive to invite organisations,
companies and designers to create innovative new services to join the platform. But it will also inevitably raise questions of privacy and security.
Dealing with the ownership of the data is an important aspect, as well as also concepts like‘privacy by design'and‘usable privacy'.
Collaborative skills, shares ideas, values and processes, open data need to be in place to make the collaboration efficient,
Cities are immersed in huge amounts of data, which come from everywhere: buildings, phones, utilities, trains, etc.
and analyse data, then make decisions. The city administration also decides which data is available publicly and
which is not. As for the bottom-up approach, it means that citizens create and/or use apps to upload information
A solution can be that the government creates open platforms where the data is publicly available
a truly breakthrough innovation of a large company that was the first to create a triple helix for different data techniques.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication.
@umich. edu Rannou Herve Cityzen Data & ITEMS International herve. rannou@items. fr Rantakokko Mika University of Oulu, Center for Internet Excellence, Oulu
Carrol interlinks existing youth unemployment solutions with modern approach of using data (and especially big data) as driver for future growth.
Open data and open platforms create a strong raw material basis for new enterprises and young people to create their own jobs.
Quite an interesting example on wearables and citizen-generated data, including data management which provides additional value for the community,
is discussed. Important boost for this sector to grow is the open plug-in platform for devices both from hardware and system level.
How do we transform our organisations from data-to design-driven innovation? Or do need we to transform along other axis?
It is targeted not only to evaluate the UX with collected data during the experimentation but also to anticipate it during the co-creation
The application use has been monitored through various types of data logs, making it possible to collect data on frequency of attendance and quality of usage.
The activity in the Media scenario experimentation phase consisted of the investigation of the outcomes gained from the co-creation stage and the subsequent development into prototypes and mock-ups for validation.
the issues and considerations emerging from the experimentation stage were discussed regarding the way data was collected,
Personalised Service and Public transport Scenarios were set up in a temporary store where data were collected and analysed together.
help user to become more aware regarding nutritional behaviours (i e. showing nutrient data and healthy diets;
UX model analyses have been carried out based on data acquired from vending machine (such as products or bounce rate.
offering various green services such as the visualization of environmental data collected by citizen, the alert services via mail or SMS, the ability to download data, the gamified forum for sharing ideas and best practices
Each participant can access to more details of his sensed data. In addition to the equipped city car, two types of citizen air sensors were provided during the two 16-days experiments:
the patient data were Figure 8: The Retail Services Use Case 31 collected in it and Medical Doctor had access to them after certain amount of time.
methods and techniques for collecting necessary data and for analysing these data in their specific context.
and related data that they have to collect and analyse for the UX evaluation. Several experiments demonstrated that the iterative nature of the Experiential Design process
and collection/analysis of data whether it is anticipated about, momentary, episodic or even cumulative use.
Who will own that data and who can you trust? On the US market, there is a great bias in National ID card,
Building an increasingly rich data set with new sensors and measurements will provide enhanced intelligence, customer insights and accuracy.
The user base will create more meaningful data and provide rich community sharing that will only further bolster user loyalty and trust.
and finalised with the representatives of all FI-PPP projects (Figure 2). The collaboration model emphasised transparency and access to data for all parties.
and data records (3). In addition, government policies did not introduce distortions in specific economic sectors;
In fact there are plenty of data-driven companies, companies whose raw material is information and whose boundaries are no longer geographic.
Data as Raw material Innovation models and paradigms exist to help in the process of reinventing. One of these models is the‘combination innovation model'consisting of the mixture of elements already existing in a way that had not previously been done before.
Can we imagine a Europe that is leading in the analysis of the data? We can prepare our students to be the leaders in extracting advantage of data analysis Europe is a knowledge-intensive society
but mostly is a data-intensive society. The data begin to be seen as a commodity very capable of generating wealth
and under the new‘Big data'phenomenon lays an opportunity to create value and benefits for society, business and citizens.
According to an IDC study only 1%of the world's data are analysed (6), while organisations are increasingly dependent on them (7)
when business decisions are based on analysis of data they are smarter, more precisely targeted and therefore can be translated into economic benefit.
the data and the academic strength to provide analytical skills to fill the gap between offer
data from cell phones are particularly interesting because they are the only way people with fewer resources interact with technology.
Analysing this data can help us to understand behaviour patterns of the excluded sectors of the population,
Otherwise the particularities are buried within the global population data. The health sector continually strives to reconcile cost reduction to sustainable terms
while must meet a growing demand for an aging society with great expectations in the care of older people is a good example of how can be based on analysis of these data to better understand patterns in the field of health and stop bad
Leading and Managing Patient theirhealthcare through EHEALTH (11) which is a compound of 7 demonstration pilots based on the concept of secure and user friendly online access by citizens to their medical/health data.
From the analysis of this data it will be possible to extract useful patterns of behaviour.
the job for data scientists. First we should define what a data scientist is. One of the most complete definitions is from Jeffery Stanton,
Syracuse university (12) who refers to the Science of Data as an‘emerging area of work related to the collection, preparation, analysis, visualisation, management and preservation of large amounts of information'.
'This definition gives a rough idea of the variety of knowledge that includes this new discipline:
One of the main problems in this area is how to translate the sea of data to information to the decision.
The data scientist is a specialist in handling the information and his purpose is to exploit the data to extract information.
The intensive exploration of bulk data has become a key to competitiveness and growth in Europe.
It is required to place the workforce in an advantageous starting point providing them with the necessary analytical skills.
Airports, like cities, also require a common open operating system that allows for the sharing of data between artifacts
and presenting that data as information in the right way and on the right devices to benefit
/en/info (11) http://www. panoulu. net/(12) http://www. ouka. fi/oulu/english/open-data (13) http://www. cnbc
On the technical side, Cityzen Data developed relationships with CEA LETI in Grenoble. A consortium was finally set up to apply for public funds from OSEO (which is now BPI France) with the name of Smart Sensing.
The Critical value of Data Management Cityzen Sciences understood early on that the value of technology and services would come from data analytics such as:
How to combine data from different sources? How to consider the historical profile of each user?
Finally, Jean-luc Errant and myself decided to launch a company dedicated to addressing these key issues focused on the Smart Fabric market with Cityzen Sciences,
We were fortunate to meet Mathias Herberts who has a solid background in data management and analytics.
'Time series are going to become the new key paradigm for data originating from sensors. Traditional databases are adapted not to this market in spite of claims to the contrary.
Cityzen Data has developed a very innovative solution for managing data and geolocation in the same series:
and analyse data; to detect patterns or weak signals. visualisation tools, a library of APIS.
Today Cityzen Data is in negotiation with several major groups including some that already have a platform to manage Data.
Cityzen Data does not address vertical markets. It just provides an advanced technology to manage data to any players that want to use data analytics across all business sectors.
Towards European Partnership Cityzen Sciences has established high level partnerships with major groups in Europe who consider that the technology developed by Cityzen data is advanced more than other tech providers.
Some initiatives should be announced in the next few months in Europe and China. Finally with the help of BPI France, we have succeeded in launching two promising companies by setting up one innovative project.
which Cityzen Sciences and Cityzen Data are excited to face. Horizon 2020 is now coming with its priorities and its series of calls.
For Cityzen Data, the point is to balance our time with our trust on the evaluation process.
but the way we manage the data itself. It is not necessarily the most sexy even we consider that the key factor of success after discussion with potential clients.
Contact Sébastien Lévy Partner Items international slevy@items-int. eu Herve Rannou CEO, Cityzen Data CEO, ITEMS International.
Cityzen Sciences and Cityzen Data strategic consulting partner. herve. rannou@items. fr 116 O P E N I N N O V
such as Big & Open Data, Smart Cities, Space enabled Services and Digital Social Innovation. Background, Concept and Objectives EYIF's Openeyif leverages Open Innovation processes
such as Big & Open Data, Smart Cities, Space enabled Services and Digital Social Innovation. The best ideas and early-stage projects will be awarded seed grants (below EUR100 000) and crucially,
such as Big & Open Data, Smart Cities, Space enabled Services and Digital Social Innovation using a three-stage integrated framework approach based on Open Innovation mechanisms targeting new constituencies of young innovators i e. between 18 and 30 years,
i e. the Young Innovators Community, Tech and Open Data Communities, the Open Innovation, Open source and ICT Infrastructure Community and the Start-up Ecosystems in different networks around Europe to submit their innovative ideas within the subsequent Open Calls.
such as Big & Open Data, Smart Cities, Space enabled Services and Digital Social Innovation. The Openeyif foresees a cross-border,
With the growing availability of all kinds of data on the one hand and flexible lighting systems (with sensors and controls) on the other there are many opportunities for new business with services in lighting.
and communicate all kinds of data. Devices The number of devices is growing rapidly. Traditionally, devices in public lighting contain public lighting luminaires and traffic lights.
or use data and are connected therefore (the Internet of things). ICT On the ICT level the connection is made with data and software applications.
The data that is collected through different devices contains e g. time, people counting or proximity measurements, weather information, movements, energy consumption, camera data, etc.
Mashups and data analytics will lead to insight in emerging patterns or correlations that can be used for various software applications.
Services At this level meaningful services are developed that provide value for the relevant stakeholders. In urban lighting there are often different stakeholders that use the area, with different needs and wishes.
1. Open platforms, open data and open knowledge make new connections possible. By linking data
and integrating various perspectives new solutions for societal needs emerge. Data analytics becomes an important element to identify emerging patterns and spot new opportunities.
It also enables to determine the impact of solutions. The technical challenge lies in the selection of the required devices to efficiently
and effectively collect data and integrate all data into a total system. 2. Innovation driven by societal needs requires the active involvement of all stakeholders to find solutions that cater for their different needs.
In the living lab a‘base camp'has been opened recently where data from various sources is collected
The data that is collected contains a number of real time measurements such as: 3d sound measurements to identify noise levels and the direction of the noise,
Other data is collected with a delay, such as: police reports on incidents, determination of origin and counting of mobile devices to establish where groups of people come from,
litres of beverages consumed by collecting data from the breweries or amount of waste thrown in the street measured by the cleaning service.
Correlating the data on the incidents to specific parameters is done to predict when there is a higher risk for escalation.
Historical data from past incidents is used now to find such correlations. Based on the determined risk level, lighting scenarios are activated.
The analysis of data of different nature and combining patterns to create new insights is a key element in this case.
This requires new skills for data scientists. With these insights lighting scenarios can be designed and tested on their impact on the mood and behaviour of people.
the data scientist and the dynamic lighting service designer. Data Scientists Data scientists know how to gather data with the Internet of things.
They know what combination of 124 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4 sensors
and data gathering is required to obtain relevant data and how to register the data. They also know to apply the various models,
theories and tools to add and extract value from sets of the gathered heterogeneous data.
They turn data into information. What is also relevant in the context of smart urban lighting is to use this information to understand
and influence human behaviour. The data scientists bridge the technical competences and the social sciences. Dynamic lighting service designers These designers need to be able to empathise with the different stakeholders.
In comparison with traditional designers, who focus mainly on users, they need to extend their scope and research the needs of a wider range of stakeholders.
The data scientist might find new emerging patterns that spark the development of new applications.
Data or Design Innovation has always been important for organisations, but nowadays it is crucial for maintaining a competitive advantage in many markets;
Data is one of them, design another. Typically, data is where Google stands for. Numerical analysis of what works best.
Apple is the other side of the virtual spectrum. Intuition, designing and molding the wishes of the customer.
being driven data or design-driven. Data-driven Innovation How do organisations come up with new ideas?
Most of the time fresh ideas occur from happy accidents or by using techniques such as brainstorming.
With data-driven innovation, innovators generate ideas by exploiting existing or new data sources and analytics to develop novel insights, particularly by answering queries.
More data is generated today than ever. 90%of the data in the world today was created in the last two years alone.
Several researchers call data‘the innovation story of our time'as analysing large sets of information
and cutting-edge experimentation will become a key driver of competition underpinning new waves of productivity growth and data-driven innovation.
Probably the biggest difference between enterprises that are native to data and others is how they approach strategy.
Non data-driven companies tend to undertake research in order to gain a deep understanding of the marketplace.
Then strategy consultants spend months interpreting the data, decide what it means and suggest a course of action.
Data driven firms like Facebook, Amazon and Google, on the other hand, take the hacker way. They run experiments thousands upon thousands of them.
From colours used on a button to different websites to see which site will increase sales, all in real life and with real customers.
Where data-driven focuses on facts, design relies more on intuition and interpretation. Design has become a decisive advantage in countless industries,
Data-driven and Design-driven are both great in many innovation strategies. When designers lack influence,
If our data is currency, who's the bank? It's a question that every innovator should be thought giving serious to.
Those who don't may soon find themselves on the outside looking in at a data-centric economy that has moved on without them.
Our data is hot property and everyone wants a piece of it. For consumers, it begins to feel like around every corner there's yet another company, service,
or app. that takes our data for their use. Consumers start to question the real,
and advocacy require a larger palette of insight than design or data alone. So how to overcome these challenges?
We would like to introduce an adjacent territory to‘fix'the flaws of choosing a data-driven or designdriven innovation process.
designers and data scientists are people before being designers or data scientists. Culture Defines Us We are influenced all by the social and economic context where we live in.
Products are easily scalable thanks to the culturally neutral data-driven and design approach. Scalability used to be a plus, a scarcity only possible for the big companies.
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