services and cloud computing, networked media and Internet of things. In total they represent an investment in research of almost 870 million euro,
Physical objects on the net small devices enable the emergence of the Internet of things where practically any physical object can now be on the net sending location and local context data when requested.
the likely increase in the interconnection of smart objects and items (Internet of things) and its integration with enterprise applications.
Integration models enabling better incorporation and usage of the communicationcentric, information-centric, resource-centric, content-centric, service/computationcentric, context-centric faces and internet of things-centric facets
The An Architectural Blueprint for a Real-world Internet chapter reviews a number of architectures developed in projects in the area of Real-world Internet (RWI), Internet of things (Iot),
Nextmedia, IOT-I, SOFI, EFFECTS+,EIFFEL, Chorus+,SESERV and Paradiso 2, and supported by the EC Units D1:
://www. fp7-eiffel. eu/EULER http://www. euler-project. eu/Iot-A http://www. iot-a. eu/nextmedia http://www. fi-nextmedia
the interconnection of smart objects from the Internet of things, and the integration of increasingly demanding enterprise and societal applications.
Internet of things (Iot), and Internet Connected Objects have proposed architectures for the systems they develop. All of these systems are faced with very similar problems in their architecture
Real-world Internet, Internet of things, Internet Connected Objects, Architecture 1 Introduction Devices and technologies ubiquitously deployed at the edges of the networks will provide an infrastructure that enables augmentation of the physical world and interaction with it, without the need for direct human intervention,
Leveraging the collective effort of several projects over the last number of years SENSEI, ASPIRE, IOT-A, PECES, CONET, SPITFIRE, Semsorgrid4env,
the"Internet of things (Iot)" has undergone an evolution of the underlying concepts as more and more relevant technologies are maturing.
and other sensors to everyday objects will create an Internet of things, and lay the foundations of a new age of machine perception.
We believe that machine perception of the real world is still at the heart of the Internet of things, no matter
As such, one of the key roles of the Internet of things is to bridge the physical world
The RWI is the part of a Future Internet that builds upon the resources provided by the devices HAL of the Internet of things, offering real world information and interaction capabilities to machines,
and from Iot devices is taking place via local wired and wireless communication links between devices in their proximity and/or through global interconnections in the form of the current Internet and mobile networks or future fixed and mobile network infrastructures.
and Iot-A Iot-A as these projects have started just and have not produced architectures yet, they can only be included in the future work on an RWI reference architecture.
The Iot-A project extends the concepts developed in SENSEI further to provide a unified architecture for an Internet of things.
which a future Iot architecture will be based, such as a global resolution infrastructure that allows Iot resources to be resolved dynamically to entities of the real world to
which they can relate. 78 A. Gluhak et al. 4. 7 Summary of Project Realizations Table 2a.
The work on the Iot reference architecture will continue to be driven by the RWI group of the FIA in collaboration with the FP7 IOT-i coordinated action project (http://www. iot-i. eu) and the IERC
the European Research Cluster on the Internet of things (http://www. internet-of-things-research. eu/).The results will be contributed to the FIA Architecture track.
The Things in the Internet of things. Poster at the Internet of things Conference, Tokyo (Iot, 2010)( 2010), available at http://www. iot-a. eu/public/news/resources/Thethingsintheinternetof Things sh. pdf Accessed Jan 24, 2011
Iot-A EU FP7 Internet of things Architecture project, http://www. iot-a. eu/public LLAAL FZI Living Lab AAL, http://aal. fzi. de
/PECES PERVASIVE Computing in Embedded systems, FP7, http://www. ict-peces. eu/Semsorgrid4env Semantic Sensor Grids for Rapid Application Development for Environmental Management, FP7
FP7, http://www. ict-sensei. org SPITFIRE Semantic-Service Provisioning for the Internet of things using Future Internet Research By experimentation, FP7, http://www. spitfireproject. eu/ZGL
From Today's INTRANET of Things to a Future INTERNET OF THINGS: A Wireless-and Mobility-Related View.
Web of Data/Linked Data, Semantic web, REST architecture, Internet of Services, SOA and Web Services and Internet of things approaches.
Semantic web Internet of things The three views can be interpreted as emphasizing different aspect rather than expressing opposing statements.
Internet of things. 2. 1 The Interdatanet Information Model and Service Architecture IDN framework is described through the ensemble of concepts,
) The Internet of things: 20th Tyrrhenian Workshop on Digital communications, Springer, Heidelberg (2009), doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1674-7 12 7. Zahariadis, T.,Daras, P.,Bouwen, J.,Niebert, N.,Griffin, D.,Alvarez, F.,Camarillo, G.:
Internet of things. 8) The above-mentioned flexibility issues favours a smooth migration towards the proposed approach. As a matter of fact, it is expected that Cognitive Manager functionalities will be inserted gradually starting from the most critical network nodes,
retail, supply chain management or manufacturing, the Internet of things to social networks. While it is evident that sharing
the paradigm equally applies to the Internet of things and the underlying technology cloud platform below. Cloud computing gained significant attention and commercial uptake in many business scenarios.
and networking resources, to sensor-like resources in the Internet of things, to services in the Internet of Services,
The fourth chapter Smart Cities at the forefront of the Future Internet presents an example of city-scale platform architecture for utilizing innovative Internet of things technologies to enhance the quality of life of citizens.
the infrastructure level, where it provides a common ground for heterogeneous Internet of things facilities that are interworking;
Internet of things and Enterprise Environments (DG Infso. The report claims that we are close to a significant transformation in the enterprise systems, where
the Internet of Services (Ios), Internet of things (Iot) and smart objects, Internet of Knowledge (Iok), Internet of People (Iop.
Iot, Ios, Multi-Agent Systems, Cloud computing, Autonomic Systems) and, in parallel, some key areas of the enterprise that will start to benefit of the FINES approach.
and the Internet of things (Iot) promoting real world user interfaces. The concept of smart cities seen from the perspective of technologies
The latest developments in cloud computing and the emerging Internet of things, open data, semantic web, and future media technologies have much to offer.
Future media research and technologies offer a series of solutions that might work in parallel with the Internet of things and embedded systems, providing new opportunities for content management 12,13.
and federated content platforms Cloud-based fully connected city Smart systems based on Internet of things Smart power management Portable systems Smart systems enabling integrated solutions e g. health
although some interesting initiatives in that respect have started such as the Smart Santander project (services and applications for Internet of things in the city),
logistics and environment Iot-based services. A comparison of the role of users in FIRE facilities projects compared to Living Labs is presented in Table 3. Importantly,
several FP7-ICT projects are devoted to research and experimentation on the Future Internet and the Internet of things within cities,
such as Smart Santander and, within the Iot cluster, ELLIOT. The CIP ICT-PSP programme has initiated several pilot projects dedicated to smart cities and Living Labs, some with a clear Future Internet dimension (Apollon
considered as Iot devices. The architecture supports a secure and open platform of heterogeneous technologies.
Experimental Living Lab for Internet of things. Three Living Labs are involved. http://www. elliot-project. eu/Periphèria (CIP ICT-PSP, 2010.
Internet of things in Smart City. www. peripheria. eu Open Cities (CIP ICT-PSP, 2010. Public sector services.
The ELLIOT project (Experiential Living Lab for the Internet of things) represents a clear example of Living Labs
and Future Internet interaction, elaborating three Iot use cases in three different Living Labs. The first use case is dedicated to co-creation by users of green services in the areas of air
such as the regional institution for air measurement quality (Atmo PACA), the local research institute providing the Iot-based green service portal
The objectives of the Iot-based green services use case are twofold: to investigate experiential learning of the Iot in an open and environmental data context,
and to facilitate the co-creation of Smart Cities and the Future Internet 441 green services based on environmental data obtained via sensors.
The backbone of the green services use case is based an Iot service portal which addresses three main Iotrelated portal services by allowing the user:
diary studies for Iot experience analysis, and coupling quantitative and qualitative approaches for portal usage analysis. In this context of an open innovation and Living Lab innovation ecosystem,
and the Internet of things European Research Cluster (IERC) and can therefore be taken as a model of Smart Cities and Future Internet integration.
and in making accessible Future Internet facilities for developing and validating Iot-based service concepts and applications through Living Labs approaches for smart cities (e g. the Smartsantander and ELLIOT projects).
and its particular components, Internet of things (Iot) and Internet of Services (Ios), can become building blocks to progress towards a unified urban-scale ICT platform transforming a Smart City into an open innovation platform.
the infrastructure level (Iot to support the complexity of heterogeneous sensors deployed in urban spaces),
Smart Cities, Sensor and Actuator Networks, Internet of things, Internet of Services, Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, Open, Federated and Trusted innovation platforms, Future Internet. 1 Introduction At a holistic level,
The Internet of things (Iot: defined as a global network infrastructure based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual things are integrated seamlessly into the information network 5. The Internet of Services (Ios):
namely Iot and Ios, can be essential building blocks in future Smart Cities open innovation platforms.
Several technical details related to the development of next generation urban Iot platforms are outlined in Section 3. Section 4 discusses the need for realistic urban-scale open
Finally, conclusions and future challenges are given in Section 5. 2 Iot and Ios as ICT Building blocks for Smart Cities In the analysis from Forrester research 9 on the role that ICT will play in creating the foundation for Smart Cities,
Therefore Iot, essential to the FI, can be invaluable to provide the necessary technological support to manage in a homogeneous and sustainable way the huge amount of sensor
Ios evolution must be correlated undoubtedly with Iot advances. Otherwise, a number of future Smart City services will never have an opportunity to be conceived due to the lack of the required links to the real world.
and challenges of implementing Iot and Ios at the city scale. Starting with the benefits of Iot technologies, they are twofold:
on the one hand they can increase the efficiency, accuracy and effectiveness in operation and management of the city's complex ecosystem and, on the other,
in order to develop cross-domain Next Generation (NG) Iot platforms suitable to different usage areas and open business models to improve market dynamics by involving third parties in the value chain (SMES).
Some of the essential functionalities identified as required for NG Iot platforms comprise the support for horizontality, verticality, heterogeneity, mobility, scalability,
Cross-domain NG Iot platforms may foster the creation of new services taking advantage of the increasing levels of efficiency attained by the reuse of deployed infrastructures.
Considering now the Ios, it must be stressed that it is recognized widely (see for example 12) that the real impact of future Iot developments is tied heavily to the parallel evolution of the Ios. So,
a Smart City could only become a true open innovation platform through the proper harmonization of Ios and Iot.
and deployed Iot platforms). In that way, an increasing number of Smart Cities'services could be searched,
Control Layer GSDP SDP Entity exposure Service exposure Ios federation level Iot federation level NGN/Telco2. 0 Web2. 0 Service
2 Iot Service Service ntestbed n Domain n A&h Control Layer A&h Control Layer Other Enablers Domain 1 A&h Control
Layer Fig. 1. Global Service Delivery Platform (GSDP) integrating Iot/Ios building blocks 3 Developing Urban Iot Platforms At present, some works have been reported of practical implementations
in order to develop Iot platforms inspired by the Ubiquitous Sensor Networks concept from the ITU-T USN Standardization Group 21.
This capability will allow a seamless link between Iot and Ios, as discussed in Section 2. Also relevant will be the definition of open APIS,
and different business processes. 3. 2 USN Architecture for Urban Iot Platforms While the new wave of Next Generation Iot platforms are expected to be defined by initiatives and projects like Iot-A 23,
the IERC cluster 24 or the emerging PPP Iot Core Platform Working group discussion 25, multiple different approaches for First Generation Iot-platforms are currently being implemented.
In essence, many of them are realizations of the described ITU-T's model. For reference on the current state of the technology, this Section describes a practical USN platform implementation (more details can be found in 22),
integrated into The next Generation Networks Infrastructures 35, as one of the most remarkable currently reported solutions for advanced Iot platforms.
As shown in Figure 2, a functional specialization of the building blocks has been applied in this work. USN-Management USN-Enabler Sensor Networks IMS User Equipment USN-Gateway SIP Services Web Services Configuration AAA Devicemanagement Application/Service
(SDE) Observation Storage Entity (OSE) Messages& Data format Adapter Communication protocol Adapter Fig. 2. High-level Architecture of a USN Iot Platform Smart Cities at the Forefront
and the proper basement for the new heterogeneous sensor network infrastructures needed to enable an evolving FI based on the Iot and Ios paradigms.
which the necessary infrastructure of a Smart City will rely on technologies of the Iot. The resulting scale and heterogeneity of the environment makes it an ideal environment for enabling the above mentioned broad range of experi Smart Cities at the Forefront of the Future Internet 457 mentation needs.
Furthermore, a city can serve as an excellent catalyst for Iot research, as it forms a very dense techno-social ecosystem.
and end-users that are required for testing of Iot as well as other Future Internet technologies for market adoption.
and aims at creating a unique-in-the-world European experimental test facility for the research and experimentation of architectures, key enabling technologies, services and applications for the Iot.
research and service oriented initiatives on both Iot and Ios areas as WISEBED 25, SENSEI 8 and the USN Iot Platform (presented in Section 3) including Web 2. 0 and Telco 2. 0 design principles.
Additionally, the requirements elicitation process in Smartsantander will also consider the following viewpoints: the FIRE testbed user, the service provider, the service consumers (citizens), the Smartsantander facility administrators,
i) Access control and IOT Node Security subsystem, ii) Experiment Support Subsystem, iii) the Facility Management Support Subsystem,
The architectural reference model also specifies, for each sub-system, required component deployments on the Iot nodes,
This will not only reduce the technical and societal barriers that prevent the Iot concept to become an everyday reality
through Iot and Ios, for creating new real-life applications and services is huge in the smart city context.
First time success of large Iot deployments is jeopardized seriously by the lack of testbeds of the required scale,
validation of their viability as candidate solutions for real life Iot scenarios. At present, some practical implementations of advanced USN platforms 22 have been demonstrated successfully in real deployments for smart metering services, smart places scenarios,
providing the key components required to intertwining Iot and Ios worlds. Referred Iot USN platform is currently being evolved with the addition of new capabilities
and integrated within other components being developed previously by the EU projects SENSEI 8 and WISEBED 33 to implement a city scale infrastructure for Iot technologies experimentation within the Smartsantander project.
In this project, a large infrastructure of about 20,000 Iot devices is addressed. Currently, the deployment of the first 2, 000 sensors in the urban environment is been carried.
Nontechnical aspects are also of a big importance. The cardinality of the different stakeholders involved in the smart city business is so big that many nontechnical constraints must be considered (users, public administrations
Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of things, CERP-Iot, March 2010. European commission, Brussels (2010) 6. Future Internet Assembly 2009, Stockholm, Sweden (November 2009), http://ec. europa. eu/information society/activities/foi/library
Internet of things Architecture project, http://www. iot-a. eu/public/front-page 462 J. M. Hernández-Muñoz et al. 24.
Iot European Research Cluster, http://www. internet-of-things-research. eu/25. White paper on the FI PPP definition (Jan. 2010), http://www. future-internet. eu/fileadmin/initiative documents/Publications/White paper/EFII White paper 2010 public. pdf 26.
, what is called actually internet of things), video conferencing systems and voice over ip (VOIP) systems, have contributed to an unmatched availability of information in rapid and constant growth in terms of volume.
for example, 12 terabytes of Tweets are created every day into improved product sentiment analysis 6. BIG DATA Cloud computing Social networks Internet of things Mobile 80%of the world's data is unstructured.
, from internet of things. Accessibility: the fourth dimension concerns the unmatched availability of channels a business may increase
besides the above mentioned social networks, mobile technologies, and internet of things. It is worth noting that a priority number is associated to each driver
Thus, DDSS refer to streams of real-time information by mobile devices and internet of things, that have to be captured
, improving risk analysis and fraud management, to utility and manufacturing, with a focus on information provided by sensors and internet of things for improved quality control, operations or plants performance,
the latter referring to streams of real-time information by mobile devices and internet of things, that have to be captured
such as the ones of the‘‘internet of things''and‘‘healthcare domains''are promising but require appropriate frameworks
/)Foursquare (foursquare. com) Augmented Reality Wikitude (http://www. wikitude. com/app/)Internet of things Microsoft Sensormap Radio frequency identification (RFID) embedded in objects for tracking commercial products,
Internet of things, 5 Interoperability, 34 ipad, 4 ipod 4 IT alignment, 146,150, 154,155, 159 IT consumerization, 134 IT governance, 145 149,151 159 ITIL, 150 KKEY performance indicators (KPI), 151 Key-/value
and economic opportunity interact with shifts such as cloud computing, social networking, the internet of things, synthetic biology, the makers movement and advanced manufacturing.
and the explosive development of the Internet of things (Iot). These transitions are changing the role of information technology (IT),
Iot and data analytics. The explosive expansion of Iot, or connections between context-aware machines and other physical objects, is changing how we utilize devices to improve our daily lives.
And the shift in data and analytics from being centralized, structured, and static to being distributed, mixed structured and unstructured,
and quality of life, helped along by thousands of new Iot applications. These applications will require building new end-to-end Iot infrastructures,
which will enable the deployment of even more Iot applications. We are pleased to collaborate again with the World Economic Forum
and INSEAD to produce The Global Information technology Report and the Networked Readiness Index (NRI). The NRI provides policymakers, business leaders,
GE Speaks on the Business Value of the Internet of things. Forbes. com, May 10. Available at http://www. forbes. com/sites/maribellopez/2013/05/10/ge-speaks-on-the-business-valueof-the-internet-of-things.
and policy in areas including cybersecurity, big data, the Internet of things, and the economic impact of digital technologies.
such as big data and the Internet of things, on existing social, economic, and policy frameworks. Prior to joining Microsoft, Dr Nguyen held positions with Research in motion, Avaya Communications, Lucent Technologies, and Bell laboratories.
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