/Technovation29 (2009) 423 437 426 enterprisesmayengageincollaborationtoacquiremissing knowledge, complementaryresourcesorfinance, tospread risks, toenlargeitssocialnetworks, ortoreducecosts (Hoffman andschlosser, 2001;
In addition, firms increasingly team up with competitors to share R&d costs and associated risks. Because of the fact that firms can get locked in innovation networks,
PCA reduces the risk that single indicators dominate a cluster solution, and helps to prevent the inclusion of irrelevant (non-discriminative) variables (Everitt, 1993;
in order to spread the risks and to compensate for a lack of current R&d capacity (13%).5. 5 Barriers to open innovation in SMES The barriers companies perceive
/Technovation29 (2009) 423 437 426 enterprisesmayengageincollaborationtoacquiremissing knowledge, complementaryresourcesorfinance, tospread risks, toenlargeitssocialnetworks, ortoreducecosts (Hoffman andschlosser, 2001;
, sharing costs, sharing risks, faster product introduction, etc. to small firms in low-and medium-tech industries.
White space represents the business opportunities outside a company's current businesses that require a different business model to exploit.
Facing the risk of bankruptcy, reinventing the barometer was the only way out. With the help of a few innovation partners and subsidies from IWT (the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders) the open innovation journey started.
Turning businesses under the threat of commoditization into genuine experiences for customers is a difficult target for SMES
Accell took the commercial risk to buy the B lite at a predetermined price if Curana and its partners succeeded in producing the product before a particular deadline.
Lighting, for instance, is regulated highly on security issues, and a company such as Curana has no idea how to cope with these challenges.
and small innovation portfolios such that risks associated with innovation cannot be spread. SMES must rely on their innovation networks to find missing innovation resources.
It is about sharing risks, investing time and money together in new concepts. A company that engages in open innovation, therefore
Open innovation is not only about sharing costs and risks but also about sharing profits equitably. 71 6. Developing an open innovation network also requires that partners manage the balance between internal management of the company and external management of the network.
sharing costs, sharing risks, faster product introduction, etc. to small firms in low-and medium-tech industries does not make sense.
or risks they take. 3. Innovation networks need to be activated continuously. Inactivity is deadly for the network strength and partner commitment.
Furthermore, large firms that license technologies risk knowledge leaks with adverse competitive effects as a consequence.
In this way, the business unit can balance the risk of increased competition in the market with the royalty income it receives from licensing the technology.
because the venture needed considerable investments which were too big a risk for VCFS 80 in an early investment stage42.
because the risk of misappropriating the technology is very real. Philips'extensive evaluation of the technology did not pose a risk for the small engineering company,
however, because Philips'was reputed as a reliable innovation partner. Philips relies recurrently on new technologies from universities, specialized research labs,
Partners may have to bear considerable risks or investments in dedicated complementary assets. In open business models,
Building strong ties to cope with environmental and relational risks. The biggest challenge in an open innovation network is the market and technological risk on the one hand and the relational risk on the other hand.
Business model innovations are high-risk ventures because a firm must search for new technologies and develop new products.
Each entrepreneur we met took risks, sometimes considerable, and made investments. Imagining a new product is one thing,
and debated on a continuous basis. Without such an academic background it would not be possible to explain the hacker movement,
notably unlimited by physical laws. exploits and addresses exponential growth. seeks the fundamental limits on
Hackers. Heroes of the Computer Revolution. New york, Doubleday. Lowen, R 1997. Creating the Cold war University.
Under this TO some new measures are planned also as the support of short supply chain and risk management instruments.
as well as opportunities and risks of sectoral policy approaches are dealt special issues with here. The Policy Brief will prioritise specificity over broadness.
Infrastructure includes physical infrastructure for transportation, communication (e g. broadband), energy/water as well as institutions for security, health education and the legal system.
) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law) Economic stability Right
and growth in catch up countries makes much more use of strategies that exploit comparative advantages (p. 6)
Otherwise such policies run the risk of wasting scarce resources which is generally undesirable but particularly undesirable in a situation of economic distress
The WEF study also concluded that many prior discussions in this area overemphasize the risk dimension,
and who find it more difficult to access external finance because of their risk profile, will be particularly hard hit by malfunctioning financial markets. 31 Access to finance may also be hampered by unfavourable regulations related to investment and company shares:
Since the European culture is said to favour security, the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start
and grow companies: It is important to allow entrepreneurs to fail. Failing is very instructive,
and high profitability and have decreased a risk of ending up performing poorly on both performance dimensions.
Government Business Financing Schemes and Special Risk-Sharing Initiatives. Get-Up Programme with A*STAR The GET-Up programme, short for Growing Enterprises through Technology Upgrade,
and become more risk averse. With the relatively poor ten year returns for VC funds and the availability of other more attractive retail alternatives (such as income trusts), investment by individuals in VC funds in Canada has dried all but up.
and provide some risk reduction for the investor. As in Europe, VC financing is concentrated heavily on ICT as well as biotech and life sciences.
as it enabled entrepreneurs who had no real experience in business to realise their ideas without taking very high personal risks."
Specific items include e g. management change, lack of skilled workers, too low distribution of risk, lack of experience with export markets.
there is an increased risk of government failure. For example, the evidence from the German CIS sample confirms this risk of government failure.
In fact, subsidised YICS do worse than non-subsidised YICS in terms of new/improved products. 172 Brännbak/Carsrud argue that because of perceptual differences between entrepreneurs and policy makers,
and used risk-reward criteria for approvals and if they can squeeze the entire process from application to approval to within one month,
EEN) Framework conditions Infrastructure Physical infrastructure Focus on European dimension of physical infrastructure Ensure broadband internet access Institutions for security
as well as opportunities and risks of sectoral policy approaches are dealt special issues with here. The Policy Brief will prioritise specificity over broadness.
Infrastructure includes physical infrastructure for transportation, communication (e g. broadband), energy/water as well as institutions for security, health education and the legal system.
) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law) Economic stability Right
and growth in catch up countries makes much more use of strategies that exploit comparative advantages (p. 6)
Otherwise such policies run the risk of wasting scarce resources which is generally undesirable but particularly undesirable in a situation of economic distress
The WEF study also concluded that many prior discussions in this area overemphasize the risk dimension,
and who find it more difficult to access external finance because of their risk profile, will be particularly hard hit by malfunctioning financial markets. 31 Access to finance may also be hampered by unfavourable regulations related to investment and company shares:
Since the European culture is said to favour security, the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start
and grow companies: It is important to allow entrepreneurs to fail. Failing is very instructive,
and high profitability and have decreased a risk of ending up performing poorly on both performance dimensions.
Government Business Financing Schemes and Special Risk-Sharing Initiatives. Get-Up Programme with A*STAR The GET-Up programme, short for Growing Enterprises through Technology Upgrade,
and become more risk averse. With the relatively poor ten year returns for VC funds and the availability of other more attractive retail alternatives (such as income trusts), investment by individuals in VC funds in Canada has dried all but up.
and provide some risk reduction for the investor. As in Europe, VC financing is concentrated heavily on ICT as well as biotech and life sciences.
as it enabled entrepreneurs who had no real experience in business to realise their ideas without taking very high personal risks."
Specific items include e g. management change, lack of skilled workers, too low distribution of risk, lack of experience with export markets.
there is an increased risk of government failure. For example, the evidence from the German CIS sample confirms this risk of government failure.
In fact, subsidised YICS do worse than non-subsidised YICS in terms of new/improved products. 172 Brännbak/Carsrud argue that because of perceptual differences between entrepreneurs and policy makers,
and used risk-reward criteria for approvals and if they can squeeze the entire process from application to approval to within one month,
EEN) Framework conditions Infrastructure Physical infrastructure Focus on European dimension of physical infrastructure Ensure broadband internet access Institutions for security
projects,'which'may'limit'the'perception'of'risk.''''In'conclusion,'the'adoption'and'upscaling'of'ICTQDRIVEN'social'innovations'is'a'critical'challenge'for'the'present'and'future'European'society.'
however, pose a risk in the sense that it is much easier to replace such a relatively more subordinated partner with the stroke of a pen from the parent company headquarters.
however, pose a risk in the sense that it is much easier to replace such a relatively more subordinated partner with the stroke of a pen from the parent company headquarters.
there is a risk that the cultural and economic benefits of the digital shift will materialise in other continents and not in Europe.
EN 4 EN The absence of such policies poses a threat to the survival of digitised material
Flood Risk Assessment 125 Section 10: Implementation 130 APPENDICES 138 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022 5 Glossary of Terms AA Appropriate Assessment (also known as Habitats Directive Assessment
) CEB City/County Enterprise Board CERT Training and Research body in the Tourism & Hospitality Sector CFRAMS Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Studies CLÁR
and environmental policies and legislative requirements relating to strategic infrastructure, strategic environmental assessment, potential impacts on habitats, flood risk assessment etc.
and avoid increasing flood risk. As part of this approach Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Managements Studies (CFRAM studies) are used to assess the spatial extent
and degree of flood hazard and risk of the rivers in the region and to develop a long term strategy for managing flood risk.
The Section emphasises the need for completion of CFRAM Studies in support of a strategic approach to flood risk management in the region.
Section 9 sets out how Development Plans should include Strategic Flood Risk Assessments and all future zoning of land for development in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential approach set out in the 2009 Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management (Doehlg).
The inclusion of policies and actions to support Sustainable Urban Drainage systems is recommended in future developments as a major component of flood management and prevention.
The importance of flood risk assessment for all existing Strategic Infrastructure and future projects is emphasised also in Section 9. Section 10 Section 10 sets out the mechanisms and structures for implementation
of the Regional Planning Guidelines, with a primary focus on the investment priorities for the region.
Strategic Flood Risk Assessment. The Guidelines put the overall planning system in the Southeast in context.
and Support Structures Wind Energy Development The Planning System and Flood Risk management Guidelines. 1. 2. 1 Updated
in Bagenalstown Provision of new library and civic centre in Borris Provision of new fire stations in Carlow Town and Hacketstown New civil defence headquarters in Bagenalstown Facilitation of wireless broadband
and more than 30 kms. of this coastline is designated as being at serious risk from erosion.
A Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study (CFRAMS) has been completed for the Suir by the OPW.
and water dependent habitats and species. Biodiversity loss is a serious threat to the quality of Ireland's environment as habitat degradation
The irish Coast guard operates an air/sea rescue service from the airport. The Regional Airport plays an important role as a Gateway to the south-East Region
Existing medical services such as Accident and Emergency, Maternity etc. should be maintained in local centres where appropriate and sustainable.
Social and Cultural infrastructure to be improved Exploit potential of location of Rosslare Europort Tourism development to be facilitated Sustainable Rural Development Scenic areas and sensitive coastal landscapes.
D10 Encouraging effective management of flood risk in the region in accordance with the Assessment and Management of Flood Risk Regulations, 2010, Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk management, 2009
and promoting the co-ordination of flood risk management in conjunction with implementation of the Water Framework Directive and River basin Management Plans.
and Objectives Socially diverse local communities located in well-planned development can foster a sense of place, pride, security and neighbourliness.
offering alternative uses for land withdrawn from agriculture and to commercially exploit existing forest resources in the region in a sustainable manner.
river valleys, angling, walking, cycling and other outdoor pursuits, quality golf courses and equestrian facilities and the 5 In accordance with the Assessment and Management of Flood Risk Regulations, 2010
considering all transport and infrastructure proposals, regard must be had to the requirements of the Habitats Directive including the carrying out of an assessment of the implications for any Natura 2000 site that might be at risk from the proposed development.
Promote best practice in line with the EU 2020 Digital Agenda with regard to interoperability, security, speedy access to Broadband,
Security of energy supply at a competitive price is a cornerstone of future sustainable development within the region.
Ensure security of energy supply in order to support economic and social development; Source energy at a price that does not adversely affect competitiveness;
and which provides security of generation capacity within the Southeast. The building of appropriately located gas fired peaking plants with a capacity of between 50-100 MW,
The potential of a new interconnector to the UK or mainland Europe will strengthen the security of supply
Promote best practice in line with the EU 2020 Digital Agenda with regard to interoperability, security, speedy access to Broadband,
It identified several groups that it considered to be at an unacceptable incidence of social risk
>Address the requirements of groups with specific needs at high risk of poverty.>>Provide high-quality public services to all.>
and fauna have been introduced to Ireland and pose a serious threat to native vegetation, wildlife and their ecosystems.
The quality of green infrastructure affects general quality of life and health, biodiversity/natural heritage, sustainable residential development and flood risk management.
Respect the changing physical nature of the coastline, for example, the risks of erosion and land instability and changes to the intertidal zone.
Take into account the risk of flooding and protect sea defences. Ensure the conservation and enhancement of the landscape and seascape;
with many of these species identified by the NPWS as having poor conservation status. Climate change impacts involving flood risk
Landscape protection policies should also take account of the need to manage the provision of forestry and renewable energy development and of the particular vulnerability of certain features such as uplands and peatlands.
Flood Risk Assessment Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022 Section 9: Flood Risk Assessment 1267 9. 1 Introduction Flooding is a natural process that can happen at any time in a wide variety of locations
and it plays a role in shaping the natural environment. Flooding from the sea and from rivers is known probably best,
it is agreed widely that climate change will result in higher risk of flooding of both inland and coastal locations.
therefore, that this issue is addressed within the Regional Planning Guidelines as decisions on the direction of future growth within the Southeast Region can impact on flood risk.
The Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local government and the Office of Public works published Guidelines on The Planning System and Flood Risk management in 2009.
Those Guidelines recommend a clear and transparent assessment of flood risk at all stages in the planning process
and state that regional flood risk appraisal and management policy recommendations are necessary to set a policy framework for Development Plans and Local Area Plans at the local level.
Key guiding principles for Flood Risk Assessment are as follows: Avoid risk where possible. Substitute less vulnerable uses where avoidance is not possible.
Mitigate and manage the risk where avoidance and substitution are not possible. This chapter sets out the key policy recommendations regarding avoidance and management of flood risk within the Southeast Region with the objective of promoting:
1. The identification of appropriate policy responses for priority areas, including areas that transcend administrative boundaries
A Regional Flood Risk Appraisal is contained within the Environment Report prepared as part of the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Regional Planning Guidelines. 9. 2 Development within Flood Risk Areas As a topographically diverse
and with a large coastline the Southeast Region contains a number of risk areas for flooding.
Within the context of planning for future growth the general areas known to have flood risk were overlaid on locations identified for growth and locations and towns already developed.
The general risk areas are based on the historical flood maps and existing reports and maps available from the OPW and the Geological Survey of Ireland.
effective management of flood risk coupled with wider environmental, sustainability and economic considerations mean that it is possible to facilitate the continued consolidation of the development of the existing urban structure of the region.
and Flood Risk management it is considered that these locations should be encouraged to continue to consolidate and to grow
These guidelines outline measures through which both the flood risk and the continued development of the Waterford Gateway,
Within these towns, implementation of the 2009 planning guidelines on flood risk establishes the mechanism to reconcile development and flood risk issues.
Flood Risk Assessment 127 In the region, the pattern of fluvial risk follows for many areas the flow and catchments of existing rivers.
An integrated approach to catchment management is essential for the management of increasing flood risk.
Co-operation already exists in the River Suir Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study (CFRAMS) with South Tipperary,
to examine future pressures that could impact on flood risk and to develop a long-term strategy for managing flood risk that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable.
or believed to be at risk from flooding in the future. The OPW is involved in preparing the catchmentbased flood risk management plans with the relevant local authorities,
the Environmental protection agency and other key agencies providing an integrated and pro-active approach to flood risk management.
It is recommended that this collaborative approach and shared management of river catchments should continue and that the local authorities should fully support the completion of CFRAM studies
and be in the lowest risk sites appropriate for the development, and should include adequate provision for adaptation to,
and deposition and some flooding through normal coastal processes and is also at risk in the future from increased storm activity
and increased storm activity. 9. 3 Role of Local authorities Local authorities must take account of the issues raised in the Regional Flood Risk Assessment
and undertake Strategic Flood Risk Assessment for future plans in line with the Department's Guidance on the Planning System and Flood Risk management.
Local authorities should ensure that they adhere to the principles of avoiding risks where possible in preparing future plans.
Flood Risk Assessment 1289 PPO 9. 1 It is an objective of the Regional Planning Guidelines that in the preparation
Identify and consider at the earliest stages in the planning process flood hazard and potential risk.
Review existing Development Plans and Local Area Plans to ensure that the issue of Flood Risk has been addressed in a manner consistent with the 2009 Planning and Flood Risk management Guidelines.
W here lands are zoned already for housing or other vulnerable development in the flood risk areas,
which ensure that flood risk areas targeted for development following the sequential approach are planned, designed and constructed to reduce
Include policies to ensure that flood risk and impact are considered as a key element in the assessment of future waste and mineral planning strategies and developments.
Include policies that ensure that the location of key infrastructures will be subject to Flood Risk Assessment.
Include policies for the inclusion of Sustainable Drainage systems (Suds) in future developments in accordance with the 2009 Department Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management. 9. 4 Infrastructure and Flood Risk In a flooding event
and can also place people in at-risk situations. For this reason, it is advised that key infrastructure suppliers should assess current elements and stress test future projects against flood risk,
where this has not been undertaken previously. The completion of CFRAMS for the region will assist these stakeholders in examining flood risk within their own specific areas of responsibility. 9. 5 Regional Flood Risk Policy The Regional Flood Risk Appraisal
is set out in Appendix 3 of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Environmental Report in respect of the RPGS.
The recommendations of the Appraisal contain best practice advice relating to dealing with flood risk.
Planning Authorities should implement the following policies with regard to flood risk: PPO 9. 2 Flood risk should be managed pro-actively at all stages in the planning process by avoiding development in flood risk areas where possible
and by reducing the causes of flooding to and from existing and future development. PPO 9. 3 New development should be avoided in areas at risk from flooding.
Alongside this, the Regional Flood Risk Appraisal recognises the need for continuing investment and development within the urban centres of flood vulnerable designated growth towns and Waterford City and for this to take place in tandem with the completion of CFRAM studies and investment in sustainable and comprehensive flood protection and management.
PPO 9. 4 Development Plans and Local Area Plans should include a Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
and all future zoning of land for development in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential approach set out in the 2009 Department Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management.
PPO 9. 5 Local authorities should take the opportunities presented when including policies and actions in Development Plans/LAPS (such as flood plain protection and Suds) to optimise improvements in biodiversity and amenity for existing and future developments.
PPO 9. 6 Key infrastructure suppliers should assess current elements and stress test future projects against flood risk,
Flood Risk Assessment 9. 6 Delivery Actions, Indicators and Monitoring Actions to deliver the Regional Planning Guidelines with respect to flood risk assessment are listed below.
In assessing the delivery of the Regional Strategic Flood Risk Assessment for the Southeast Region the following indicators will be used:
PPO 9. 7 Local authorities should pursue the following actions/indicators required for Regional Flood Risk Appraisal in their area:
including a review of long term flood risk management options and consideration of appropriate land use policies. 2. All local authorities should have completed SFRAS for all Development Plans and Local Area Plans by 2016.3.
and avoid increasing flood risk. Local authorities should fully support the completion of CFRAM studies and jointly implement any actions identified.
Development Plans shall include Strategic Flood Risk Assessments and all future zoning of land for development in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential approach set out in the 2009 Department Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management.
Development Plans should include policies on the requirement for Sustainable Drainage systems (Suds) in future developments as a major component of flood management and prevention. 129 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region
Europe needs a radical new approach to fi nancing innovation with new partnerships to share risk
and Europe running the danger of becoming more risk-averse at exactly the moment when we need to be more innovative, more experimental, more daring.
security and justice, can be sustained in an era of ageing populations, global warming and much greater diversity.
Private fi nance mainly backs the same low risk investments. Thus people, entrepreneurs and companies with ambitious and creative ideas fi nd limited support and numerous barriers.
the increasing digitization of personal information combined with international movement of people creates real risks of cybersecurity.
Other new technologies from biotech to nanotech create real and perceived risks and ethical concerns.
Future Technologies (Possibilities and Risks) Social Exclusion (Future of Young) Climate Change (Sustainability) Changing Demographics (Ageing Population) Sustainable Cities (Urbanisation) The Impacts of the Panel
The risk is that the EU falls behind the USA and Asia in critical next generation digital infrastructure.
from public vs private to public private partnerships Risk and uncertainty are inherent in innovation.
European policy must address the current weaknesses of fi nancing innovation through new partnerships to share risk
This should be accompanied by bolder investor readiness initiatives that enable creative businesses to reduce their risk profi les to investors
and fi nancial coverage products to hedge risks or investments. This project is under construction
with a rationale that government takes on the risks associated with new knowledge creation for society (Arrow, Nelson).
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