processes in the Romanian SMES vision are data security (48,44%),fast access to the enterprise data form anywhere and at anytime (38.21%)and regulatory compliance (35.84%.
9. 42 4. 74 4. 2 2. 31 Data security Access to company data anytime, anywhere Regulatory compliance Ease of team-working Better internal control Removal of redundant data insertion in more Ease of use due to romanian language interface Free and quick solution upgrade
data security, data access from anywhere and at anytime, regulatory compliance, team-working possibilities and better internal control.
willing to take risks and naturally entrepreneurial in mindset. The region could consider ways and means of harnessing this economic potential through new forms of policy support not restricted to Spaniards or Andalusians in the strict sense.
an over-emphasis upon internationalisation may run the risk of=running before you can walk‘for many SMES.
in high and low-risk ventures, and in pretty much all sectors and sub-sectors of the economy (OECD, 2001).
and the environment and risk prevention on the other. The Spanish labour market differs somewhat from that of most European countries.
However, the risk in this restructuring is that it does not address the innovation needs of traditional sectors.
The main IT solutions offered were antivirus (to 29%of clients), business management software (to 28%)and web and email (to 19%.
and go to work for a start up company with any assurance that they will be able to return from that employment to their university position.
NRC-IRAP operates on a shared-risk model providing cost-shared financial assistance for research and development projects that meet both the firm and project assessment criteria.
Chances and Risks of the Merger Between Cohesion and Innovation Policy. Euro 18 (1, vol. 18, no. 1,).Laestadius, S. 1998.
in high and low-risk ventures; and in pretty much all sectors and sub-sectors of the economy (OECD, 2001, p. 35.
such as a willingness to engage in risk-taking, desire to achieve independence, and self-fulfilment of the entrepreneur.
Environment, natural surroundings, water resources and risk prevention (29.7%of total expenditure. Priority 4: Transport and energy (31%of total expenditure.
According to anecdotal evidence, the impression is that young Andalusians continue to prefer the relative labour market security of the public sector. Nevertheless,
willing to take risks and naturally entrepreneurial in their mindset. The region could consider ways
but the level at which prices are pitched should be designed to minimise the risk of crowding out private sector providers.
) For many SMES, the risks involved in supplying international markets often outweigh the returns, and indeed, previous research is replete with examples of small firms who have had disastrous attempts at international expansion.
an over-emphasis upon internationalisation may run the risk of=running before you can walk‘for many SMES.
Despite this, in the late 1980s the Danish Government identified the threat of increased global competition to the position of its firms in international markets.
Financial vulnerability and low levels of managerial competence are also common problems (Maskell, 1998) and increasing competitive pressures on SMES are making some of the sectoral-wide policies more difficult to finance
courage to assume risk, and especially about how to be independent. Still about my parents,
the risk-taking propensity by the CEO, and evidence of proactiveness (Miller and Friesen, 1982;
That is, in an uncertain environment where an atmosphere of high risk predominates, fewer opportunities, and with tremendous competitiveness, an entrepreneurial behavior is recommended specially.
and environment to the EO dimensions of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking propensity. Especially the environment has long been considered one of the critical contingencies in organizations theory and strategic management.
Environmental hostility represents the degree of threat to the firm posed by the multifacetedness, vigor and intensity of the competition.
and exploit knowledge. Rogers (2004) ACAP; economic growth A model to examine the importance of technological catch up in explaining productivity growth.
and risk-taking propensity of the firm's CEO. Innovativeness refers to a firm's tendency to support new ideas
) Risk-taking reflects a firm's willingness to commit more resources to projects in which the expected returns are uncertain.
Hence, risk-taking is the tendency to engage in high-risk project and managerial preferences for bold versus cautions actions
and risk-taking (Covin et al.,2006). 44 Several authors, when referring to the firm's strategic posture,
In turn, EO suggests a proclivity towards the creation of new products or services, proactiveness and risk-taking propensity (Miller, 1983;
Finally, entrepreneurial firms are defined as those willing to take on high-risk projects for the chance of high return, namely, a strong risk-taking propensity by top management under highly uncertain conditions (Covin and Slevin
Risk-taking involves taking bold actions by venturing into the unknown (Rauch et al. 2009), it reflects the tendency to assume relatively high levels of riskseeking profitable opportunities in the face of uncertainty and the achievement of longterm profitability.
In this way, Robertson and Chetty (2000) say that environments characterized by high levels of uncertainty are used to encourage greater levels of innovation and risk-taking,
innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking propensity. We applied the exploratory factor analysis to assess dimensionality and validity.
while the second and third dimension measure the pro-activeness and the propensity for risk-taking, respectively.
917 Pro-activeness 3 items 0. 865 Risk-taking 3 items 0. 896 Source: Self-elaborated Environmental Hostility (EH) EH is measured with a three-item scale (See Appendix 3). This scale was developed by Khandwalla (1977)
proactive behavior and risk-taking propensity is more clearly in firms which operate in hostile environments.
in an uncertain environment where an atmosphere of high risk predominates, few opportunities, and with tremendous competitiveness, an entrepreneurial posture of the firm is recommended specially.
and a risk-taking propensity. Considering that networks are both cognitive structures in the minds of individuals and actual structures of relationships that link individuals (Balkundi and Kilduff, 2006),
Members of social networks can directly influence the propensity to assume greater or lesser risk activities. 72 In addition, Ripollés and Blesa (2005;
and a moderate risk-taking approach (Ripollés and Blesa, 2005 p. 243). According to these results, the following general hypothesis about the relation between firm networks and EO can be addressed.
Empirically, Miller and Friesen (1982), then Miller (1983) have used five items related to risk-taking and innovation to distinguish between entrepreneurial and conservative firms.
Finally, entrepreneurial firms are defined as those willing to take on high-risk projects for the chance of high return, namely, a strong risk-taking propensity by top management under highly uncertain conditions (Covin and Slevin, 1989;
and that assume relevant risks to growth (Covin and Slevin, 1991), in the same way Brown et al.
However, their results do not support a positive relationship between risk-taking and growth rates, confirming that the influence of EO on performance can be somewhat more insecure,
innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking propensity. We applied the exploratory factor analysis to assess dimensionality and validity.
while the second and third dimension measure the pro-activeness and the propensity for risk-taking, respectively.
0. 865 0. 965 0. 70 Risk-taking 3 items 0. 896 0. 984 0. 74 Source:
is a large stochastic factor such as wars, terrorism, economic crisis and so on. Returning to our research questions and aims stated in Section 1,
innovation and risk-taking are demanded. Secondly, we argue that it is important to know the effectiveness of network usage as a main resource
Likert 1-7 Risk-taking Strong tendency for high-risk projects (high return. 3 Likert 1-7 Believes that bold acts are necessary,
and the next set of digital technologies, trends, opportunities and threats is creating yet another competitive frontier.
address longstanding challenges in value and risk management that could thwart digitalization, and replace pragmatic command and control with visionary leadership.
and the assurance of Gartner objectivity and independence. Executive programs equips CIOS and senior technology executives with the tools and insights they need to deliver exceptional business results for their organizations
Are you able to mitigate the risk of product decisions with the right partners, products, terms and pricing?
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Econometrics and Statistical Support to Antifraud Unit
This is done in order to reduce the risk of false signals and to better forecast cycles in economic activities (Nilsson, 2000.
Endogenous weighting has the risk of substituting open experts'opinions with the analyst's manipulation of weights (through the constraints.
which indicates that public opinion about the main threats to the environment is remarkably stable across both space and time.
2004) Compassion Fatigue following the September 11 Terrorist attacks: A Study of Secondary Trauma among New york city Social workers, International Journal of Emergency Mental health, Vol. 6, No. 2 2004,1-10.8.
Qualitative Assurance in Multi-Criteria Analysis of Sustainability, forthcoming in Energy. 124 45. Girardin P.,Bockstaller C,
Big data to monitor risks and identify opportunities Another big trend that is further maturing in 2014 is the application of big data analytics and visualization to the domain of online payments.
this also limits the risk of the kind of reputation damages that go hand-in-hand with online fraud.
if they are pleased with the way your company threats them, they will keep coming back to you
Some people see the Asian invasion on the European market as a threat, and there are some good reasons for this,
"These firms need to combine a high level of technology competence with the ability to accept a high financial risk since new,
but also raises issues of risks and safety. Assessing safety impacts of nanostructured materials is complicated by the fact that traditional testing
Research and technological development in nanotechnology has to consider risk and safety issues seriously, and regulation needs to balance between considering health
and prioritising encironmental, health and safety (EHS) research that facilitates appropriate risk analysis and risk management in step with technological innovation.
PCAST recommended to expand outreach efforts to the wider public, particularly with respect to real and perceived benefits and risks;
to develop and implement standards critical for nanomaterial identification, characterisation and risk assessment; and to coordinate strategically-guided research on nanotechnology related EHS issues,
including a balanced assessment of risks and benefits. NNI is a policy initiative within a wider framework of policy activities to promote nanotechnology in the USA,
while technological and market risks are high and future returns not yet known. Public funding as well as a viable venture capital industry is critical to overcome financial barriers.
and information) perceived risk potentials are important activities here. Certainty about regulatory issues is also critical for nanotechnology producers to decide about investment and directions of future research.
In this situation, policy will have to compensate for this market failure in the financial market which results from a certain risk aversion and a rather short-term time horizon of the venture capital business.
Public programmes for risk assessment and risk control can reduce uncertainty about likely future impacts of nanotechnology
microelectronics, in contrast with bio-or nanotechnology, is not a radically new technology with potential health risks in need for regulation.
Also the nanoelectronics field does not seem to pose new health risks with production contained in highly controlled environments
However, they also provide stable employment for highly skilled people in the field that can take the risk to start own commercial ventures.
it is unlikely that microelectronics face a threat of substitution by another technology. At the same time, technology adoption can even be expected to increase in the future
a range of professional advisers and services (including biotechnology associations), a culture that respects risks,
This overregulation of biofuels generation is a threat for R&d activities in advanced biofuels and cellulosic ethanol. 62 Norms and values:
giving Universities rights on IP Patent law enhances commercialisation Improved FDA regulation speeds up process New regulations on carbon emissions threat to the industry Norms
and safety and security (EC, 2008a). Information and Communication: Optical networks have opened the way to almost unlimited digital communication, building the very foundations of our Information Society.
Systems Ranging Systems Munition/Missile Guiding Systems Military Space Surveillance systems Avionics Displays Image Sensors Lasers Optical Systems and Components Optical Components
photonics, in contrast with bio-or nanotechnology, is not a radically new technology with potential health risks in need for regulation.
and security. In keeping with its greater importance for Europe, Photonics has been given a higher profile in the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)
, solar cells BCC (2008) Optical coatings 5 2008 5. 7 2015 2 electronics, defence/security, architecture, solar, medical, telecom, transportation BCC
(2009) Optical coatings 4. 3 2005 5. 6 2012 4 telecom, electronics, vehicles, medical, security, architecture BCC (2006) Total market
which includes materials used in medicine, security and convenience (Schumacher et al.,2007). ) High tech textile materials and smart materials belong to this category as well as implant and new surface materials,
The second highest priority for advanced material applications is Security, which mainly includes nano and smart materials for non-stop protection,
identity proof systems and alarm systems included in surfaces. The foresight studies indicate at the third place of priorities within advanced material research and development, the problem of Energy Saving.
Another major application area is defence and security. The chemical industry is the most important source of advanced materials patents (about 50 percent),
R&d in advanced materials is associated with high costs and risks and long amortisation times for new materials.
and costs and risks of R&d are high while returns from sales of new products may be still out of sight.
This customisation of AMT reduces at the same time the risk that manufacturing technologies are copied easily by competitors
whereas some of the European clusters, for example the Berlin-Brandenburg photonics cluster, run the risk of staying‘stuck'in knowledge development and inter-firm collaboration between local smaller firms,
or a culture that discourages openness, creativity, innovation and risk taking (soft institutions). Capabilities in the fields of technology, organisation and marketing are also necessary for innovation to be successful (capabilities.
however, less acceptance of risk and failure, and cultural attitudes tend to be more egalitarian.
and risk and failure are considered part of that European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 344error!
and high information asymmetries over the prospects and risks of KET-related R&d activities. As a consequence
-Although KETS are characterised by particularly high investment in R&d and high technological and market risks,
and risk taking, can be important activities, as well as a favourable financial environment, including tax incentives for R&d and investment in new technologies.
North america, headed by the US, stands out in technologies for health, biotechnology, energy, nanotechnology and security;
185 23.8%3 670 security 38.7%2 200 34.8%2 934 45.5%2 585 37.6%3 171 12.6%717 24.9
New Production techn. 1. 02 1. 10 0. 78 security 0. 97 1. 09 0. 81 Automobiles 1. 59 0
biotechnology, energy, nanotechnology and security, while Asian economies have taken the lead in ICT and reached a technology position on par with the Western block in green energy, environmental technologies, materials and space.
the leadership challenges could be perceived as either threats or opportunities. The authors are quite clear where they stand this is an opportunity for all stakeholders to take advantage of the benefits that these clusters Bring to help leaders develop successful businesses
Policy 34 (10)( 2005) 1533 1549.10 A. Segal, Autonomy, security, andinequality: China, India, theunitedstates, andtheglobalisation of science and technology, Technol.
Indeed, part of the risk that CIOS face on digital is that other business managers, or wholly new specialist roles,
and services, compared with just 50%of other CIOS. They show a much stronger appetite for risk
So is the CDO emerging as is often the case with a threat that could replace CIOS,
and those who are not are increasingly at risk. As more applications and infrastructure get moved to the cloud, IT leaders
and threats that digital transformation provides to their firms, they need to be a part of their executive management team.
decision-making in terms of corporate strategy Ensure compliance with 67%all regulatory requirements*75%68%Contribute to operational agility of business 66%59%Minimize possible risks 66%60
such as in seeking to minimize risks. IBM's global-local IT transformation Diego Calegari Spanish South american CIO Executive, IBM As might be expected of a leading technology brand,
and security needs are up and running Providing insight to support business decisions In return, they appear to benefit materially from this:
It takes out risk. It takes out a lot of the variations. It gives us insight into new opportunities to cross-sell or up-sell,
and security needs are up and running Providing insight to support business decisions DEVELOPMENT 48%61%48%54%54%55%(Percentage of respondents who have chosen 8,
Getting ahead in life often requires a willingness to take calculated risks, and this is particularly true for digital-ready CIOS. They need to be brave enough to take a bet on emerging technologies.
it's immediately a bigger risk for the business and thus gets closer scrutiny. Accordingly, digital-ready CIOS need to be willing to embrace this risk in developing a more digital business.
This involves a willingness to risk failure: understanding that not all digital projects will deliver as hoped.
As such, CIOS need to experiment widely to identify the biggest opportunities for the future. Digital CIOS need to be more innovative
but should determine not to be held back from taking risks by these issues. It is in their attitude to risk that typical CIOS often come unstuck.
Firms know that many CIOS are not typically the most flamboyant, outgoing, risk-taking types.
Finance, Risk & Compliance, Nedbank 2002 2003 General manager: Programme Integration, Nedbank 1996 2002 Assistant General manager, Nedbank 1988 1996 General manager, Small Business Development Corporation 1988 1996 General manager, Business Partners
across both functions and companies Be willing to take risks Widen your resume Tasks at a personal level Set up the right architectures for growth Get control of your data Set out the relevant standards Understand strategic alignment with the rest of the business Take a fast,
along with legal, security and other aspects. Digital technologies have a huge potential to change the underlying operating model
CIOS need to balance any new digital opportunities against their associated risks. While it may make a lot of sense to move email and CRM systems quickly to the cloud,
Born to be digital 41 EY Assurance Tax Transactions Advisory About EY EY is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and advisory services.
-the risk propensity; 260-the provider's capacity for technical evaluation; -the provider's insertion on the innovation market.
a major Coastguard base, private and business aviation, the Pilot Training college of Ireland, cabin crew training,
There is potential to exploit new areas, such as Silver-technologies, building on the existing strengths in ICT and pharma/bio research in WIT and Carlow IT and community based care initiatives already underway such as the Ageing Well Network
reducing isolation and promoting mental health, healthy urban design, creativity and liveability, Healthy transport, safety and security.
Aspects such as data protection and information security become increasingly important Ireland is positioned well with regard to Data protection legislation and neutrality,
Within Shared Services, Ireland has the potential to provide higherorder solutions to firms based on a strong competence in management and decision making capability, risk and regulatory management,
and Strategic Flood Risk Assessment. The enterprise agencies, IDA and EI are part of the Steering/Implementation Committee for the RPGS in the South East.
There is potential to exploit new areas, such as Silver-technologies, building on the existing strengths in ICT and pharma/bio research in WIT and Carlow IT and community based care initiatives already underway such as the Ageing Well Network
72 Security & protective service 0 1 0 0 0 1 Other personal & protective service 1 0 0 0 1 2
Provision of new library and civic centre in Borris Provision of new fire stations in Carlow Town and Hacketstown New civil defence headquarters in Bagenalstown Facilitation of wireless broadband in Bagenalstown
risk assessment, patent writing, IP services, legal research services etc. Contract Research Outsourcing Managing clinical trial processes, often across multi-sites and multi-jurisdictions.
evolving Risks Leveraged by infrastructure and processes Data security, IP leakage Target Economies of scale Domain expertise Depth not size Challenges Attrition, wage inflation Skills availability, regulatory limitations
Domain expertise (specific to a vertical sector), risk management, global partnership management, advanced technology and computing skills, analytics etc are increasingly relevant as the sector evolves toward knowledge intensive services.
and urgent, from ageing societies, climate change, to energy efficiency and security. There is a wide consensus that the disconnection between economic growth
the children are exposed to a higher risk of violence and domestic conflict, drug abuse, parental neglect,
%And if the risk of falling only decreases by 6, %the chances of hospitalization in case of a fall drop by 80%.3. More information at www. sielbleu. org. 4. Results published by INSERM accessible at http://sielbleu. org/Espace presse/Etudes/pdf/Synthèse
people seem to want to develop a new sense of assurance based in part on a re-appropriation of knowledge in the social sphere.
How do we strengthen our country against organized crime and terrorism? And how do we keep our educational system sharp to ensure a workforce adequately equipped for our knowledge economy?
Research currently underway at universities is creating breakthroughs in healthcare and security. Application-based research is being carried out at colleges of higher education,
Such challenges include a cleaner environment and more security on the streets (smart cameras. In public and semipublic sectors, too, like healthcare and education, innovative entrepreneurship is needed
what are opportunities and threats, what knowledge already exists and why is it not being used yet,
reality and an early government big data initiative to build a digital 117 surveillance system today called PRISM.
when there is actual acceptance of risk and the commitment of resources occurs. A growing number of practitioners and researchers define innovation as any idea, practice,
successful implementation requires making significant systemic changes in a firm to promote risk. A strategy that focuses on innovation will also likely require some degree of flexibility in its organizational structure (Blumentritt and Danis 2006.
An SME that fails to continually invest in innovation places itself at greater risk of having products and services marginalized by technologically superior competitors.
Strategic Use of Information technology for Increased Innovation and Performance, Information management and Computer security 7 (1), 5 22.
Political and policy instability, excessive red tape, pervasive corruption, security concerns, and uncertainty around property rights protection seriously undermine the quality of the institutional framework on
These pertain in particular to a weak institutional setup with high insecurity, poor infrastructure, inefficient allocation of production resources caused by insufficient levels of competition,
security (96th) remains a general concern, and judicial independence is deemed one of the lowest in the region (132nd).
The functioning of public institutions is assessed still poorly (100th) because of the high costs associated with the lack of security (137th) and the low trust of the business community in politicians (97th.
and high levels of security are the cornerstones of the country's very solid institutional framework,
reducing the country's vulnerability to commodity price fluctuations will require diversification into other sectors of the economy
As in previous years, the security situation remains fragile and imposes a high cost on business (65th).
government efficiency has deteriorated by 22 positions to 106th and the security situation, which was affected particularly by the events,
These developments highlight its simultaneous resilience and vulnerability to global economic developments, with regional variations.
The poor security situation remains another important obstacle to doing business in South africa. The high business costs of crime and violence (134th) and the sense that the police are unable to provide sufficient protection from crime (90th) do not contribute to an environment that fosters competitiveness.
and a good security environment. Its labor markets are efficient, its financial markets are developed relatively well,
The security situation in Kenya is also worrisome (125th. Liberia enters the rankings for the first time at 111th place.
The security situation in the country continues to be dire and has worsened since last year (134th).
Public institutions continue to receive a weak assessment, particularly related to corruption, security, and government favoritism,
and rather unimportant on the KPIS of Cargo Security and Safety. 4. 2 Benchmark Scenarios The next target was to develop the green corridor benchmark with ICTS.
and Corridors The introduction of ICTS in the Supergreen corridors will generally have a positive effect in terms of cost, time, safety, security, environmental sustainability and reliability.
These KPIS are societal or private criteria affecting profitability, environmental impact and social safety and security.
Identification of possible implementation risks; Real data for costs and benefits evaluation and decision process;
Possible security issues 26 CROATIA 27 HR: Demo projectskey facts (Ongoing) Demo Projects: Information system for Continuous Monitoring of Power Quality in MV and LV networks DC Autonomous Microgrids Guarantees of Origin RES Information systems Funding-/programme mechanism:
Information models Data security, Protocols Infrastructure, System security &-arcitecture Balancing price flexible demand DK: National thematic focus FINLAND 35 FI:
safety and security Testing models of added value generation and business processes Analyzing market potentials and improving consumers acceptance Highlighting needs for changes in the legal framework DE:
SSMART-Regional balancing, bottleneck management, risk management with SG roll out Accompanying activities: Energy21 initiative: Ministry of energy working group;
Security of supply; Integration of distributed generation structures (also considering traditional buyers with supply-and storage capacities.
rules and obligations for all market participants in the electricity branch to guarantee security and high level of quality of supply.
using criteria of supply security, cost competitiveness and sustainability. Take part in developing these strategies and contribute to meeting their targets.
and other measures to maintain the security of supply to cope with increased amounts of wind energy and other renewables.
and in parallel, guarantee security of supply. And finally, there is an estimation of the enhancement needs for the German distribution grids due to photovoltaic
One of these programmes is about research and elaboration of modern methods and high developed technologies in the field of energy Environmentally friendly energy security of energy supply and energy efficiency (2006-2009.
contribute to increasing the security of supply and further economic development. Table 48 R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy documents in the Nordic Region R&d framework for research in smart grids?
At the same time it focuses on a broad range of objectives such as supply security fair pricing and protection of the environment.
In the position paper it is highlighted that Smart Grids is seen as a central instrument to reach security of energy supply, efficient energy use,
Within this chapter, the importance of a sound electricity infrastructure security of supply as well as energy efficiency is highlighted.
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