In particular the chemical and steel industrial sectors in this region have been impacted seriously by restructuring and globalization threats (Chichoni, 2011.
The importance of entrepreneurial skills, such as innovation and risk taking should not be overlooked as essential ingredients to SME success. Skills development
especially in companies under threat since it may help to improve the company productivity. On the same note, Product/Service Innovation has been identified as another source of innovation.
their low risk and receptivity were the essential features facilitating them to be innovative therefore,
and take risks. The finding on risk-taking was confirmed also by a study conducted among American SMES Blumentritt (2004
showing that the most innovative firms were competitively aggressive and willing to take on greater degrees of risk.
According to Massa and Testa (2004), benchmarking enabled a company to compare its practices and performances with others as well as to acquire external explicit and tacit knowledge,
Manage the risk. He highlighted that strategy should be varied sufficiently to allow for organizational agility and flexibility.
While many people fear the risk of illegal copies in this case as well, MIT Press has doubled apparently its sales of hard copies
Depending on their risk adversity, they will innovate and exploit networks information differently. 2. Industrial co-operation:
risk adversity may impede the innovation process. Following two types of behaviour are usually applicable to managers (OCDE, 1993.
and consider that innovation represents a large financial risk. So they only innovate under the pressure of their environment.
innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking create the factors closely tied to an entrepreneurial firm 5, 10,11.
Through this methodology, 3m identifies both risks and opportunities for improvement at all stages in the innovation process.
The delay between a new technology and the development of social and ethical decisions about its use or application can increase market risk for the developers of the technology.
and Workshop with Assurance Team London Building a Better Future published July Assurance Team meeting on creating a robust dialogue process Zurich September Workshop on overall project
Intellectual Property rights Montreux July Assurance Team Meeting Geneva July 2001-February 2002 Electronic Stakeholder Dialogue:
Intellectual Property rights September Working group Meeting Kuala lumpur November Assurance Team Meeting Jongny sur Vevey Switzerland 2002 February Stakeholder Dialogue Meeting on Intellectual
Property rights London Working group and Assurance Team Meeting London March EIRMA Roundtable: Sustainable Development and the Innovation Process Paris April Working group Meeting Stockholm This report represents a continuation of work by the WBCSD in the areas of sustainability, innovation,
Gulf of mexico Palgunadi Setyawan, DML Indonesia Assurance team Roger Baud ETH Sheena Boughen, ECOS Corporation Wolfgang van den Daele, Berlin Science Center for Social Research (WZB) Anil K. Gupta, Honeybee Network/Indian
Risk-taking propensity is expected to be crucial as well as innovation by definition requires an investment with an uncertain outcome.
Risks in using a likert scale are a. The analysis concludes that innovation significantly depends on the position of firms in the value chain.
To overcome these risks, indicators were tested thoroughly on validity and reliability 5 Regression analysis: innovation level explains a growth in number of buyers (a=0. 001, r2=0. 106, ß=0. 428.
and reduces risks. The aggregate of all innovations leads to a highly resilient growth sector,
age, willingness to take risks, gender, no other position, worked in craft firm, primary school unfinished, primary school finished, secondary not complete, vocational.
Willingness to take risks is not a significant indicator, as all entrepreneurs are at least moderately willing to take risks.
Some very innovative firm consider themselves to be moderately risk taking, as they first study the market in order to reduce their risk.
Respondent#25, a micro-scale subcontractor, illustrates that willingness to take risk has enabled his firm to survive
when competitors went bankrupt: I have asked every shops to accept samples from me note: they only pay after selling.
especially exporters, respond to this risk by quickly designing new products causing a speeding up of innovation processes.
The highest risk is that they just sell the raw material. Therefore, this subcontractor always gets priority
possible countermeasures and safe human machine interfaces was planned also. Based on the outcome of this work,
There may also be security vulnerabilities in electronics and communications systems. ITS technologies must ensure the integrity,
For advanced driver assistance systems, for instance, the liability risks may be highly complex the term‘defective product'is used in the EU product liability directive not only in a technical sense
in order to lower the risk of collision by continuously monitoring driver behaviour and driving conditions and,
Following analysis of warning strategies to determine an optimal balance between the level of support and the risks of distraction,
/end 01/09/2006 30/06/2009 Website http://heavyroute. fehrl. org Damage limitation The high weight of long range trucks poses some threats to the surrounding environment,
60 7 the implementation risks of the RDI strategy...62 bibliography, the most important definitions, abbreviations...
, opportunities and threats of the national innovation system can be summarized as follows (see Table 1). Strengths Weaknesses The market
and strategic alternatives 2 Opportunities Threats Based on the SWOT analysis-building on the strengths, using the opportunities,
taking care of/avoiding the threats-the strategic-level problems can be solved and strategic objectives and assignments can be set.
innovative attitude is weak (including the intellectual property and risk tolerance consciousness) The (public, governmental) institutional structure and regulatory environment supporting RDI is not efficient (including the system of funding programmes
and research areas within the national RDI system which go beyond the framework of innovation system building with regard to RDI risk-taking and proactivity.
and manage the system risks resulting from interdisciplinarity, including the modelling and elaboration of profitable commercialization.
FTEVAL (2003) the implementation risks of the RDI strategy 7 64 7 the implementation risks of the RDI strategy The implementation risks of the RDI strategy and their management Table 12
According to our current knowledge RISK SUGGESTED METHOD for risk management The public R&d funding is not enough to achieve the objectives set;
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats SZTNH: Hungarian Intellectual Property Office Tét: Science and Technology STI: science-technology-and innovation 76 abbreviations 77 annexes Annex 1:
opportunities and threats of the knowledge flow processes are collected (see Figure 28). The summary of the detailed SWOT tables is included in the chapter on problem identification of the strategy.
One of the areas currently most at risk is digital Trade policies that lead to smaller firm size in an economy hurt productivity and income growth.
Risk of errors and inefficiencies increases when organisations are forced to run paper and computer systems in parallel. 8,
and computer systems that introduce new patient risks, staff frustration, and outcomes below expectation. The focus must shift from automation of clinical work to innovation;
and this is seen by many as a threat to the established routines that enable organisations to function,
with the additional major benefits of the avoidance of litigation threats. This indicates that orienting public procurement towards open source software
and their risks in the market are much higher generally, than established companies, support from the private
initially this represents a threat to manufacturing based on older technologies since investments in plant (about $4 billion/€3 billion per factory) have to be written off.
very high risk with low chances of success, i e. unlikely to be funded by VC; may lead to little or nothing,
as they see innovation as high risk. Robotdalen in Sweden does this kind of new user SME support.
Threats of legal action over patents are mounting which act as deterrents to use certain technologies, innovate in them
The cultural capital, of risk acceptance, becomes even more important at this stage, as the growth in human capital expands the workforce, perhaps many times, yet the level of risk due to the need for more funding capital,
and the uncertainty of market success, is perhaps greater than during the two earlier stages,
But their capability for taking risk is highly variable. Moreover, these organizations face political scrutiny, particularly in Europe and the USA.
It is only recently that they have entered finance for later stage funding of medium high risk.
A threat of legal action over infringement of existing patents that might possibly overlap, acts as a strong inhibition to fresh exploration of a technology.
Such threats are unlimited effectively when the patents that potentially overlap are held by the largest ICT players
and business models) and their permitted generality combined with ease of filing make the threat of overlap litigation more probable.
In the USA, litigation and the threat of litigation is a real problem: it is likely that fear and uncertainty‘in the shadow of litigation'leads to inefficiencies in how well the market for ideas and the market for entrepreneurs work.
The views of some, especially in the USA, are that these risks of inefficiencies due to the threats of litigation are balanced by the importance of recognisable incentives for innovators.
and less threatened by commercial risks of litigation in the EU than in the USA.
However, each has specific issues of financial and nonfinancial costs and benefits, suitability, levels of cooperation, problems, risks and feasibility (Rayna and Striukova, 2010.
Note that there is also a risk of the patent pool being declared illegal, if antitrust authorities determine that nonessential patents are in this pool
with its acceptance of risk in forming or joining a new start-up concern, as the normally accepted mental model for a successful career.
and qualified that risks are worth taking if eventually the result is ownership or part ownership in a successful venture.
Thus the culture in Europe is very much that risk taking is generally to be avoided. Risk and entrepreneurship Government policy could help in shaping the culture, specifically the attitudes to failure,
in terms of the laws around bankruptcy but also in terms of not denying support for a new venture when a previous one has failed.
and acceptance and tolerance of risks of innovation. Why are these three attitudes likely to be essential drivers of innovation?
Third, exchanging the safety of today's profits for the risk of innovative development of tomorrow with its unknown profit stream seems to be higher risk than staying still
Thus a company must instil a tolerance of risk (Fiegenbaum and Thomas, 1988; Kuczmarski, 1996.
But perhaps for the start-up, the most important, almost subconscious, cultural factor is the attitude to risk,
which, by its nature, is short term and with a preference for lower risk. This argument deserves some attention,
since it is generally true that the public sector has more ability to sustain higher risks and for a longer horizon,
because perceived risk was too high for VCS, according to Colin Angle (irobot, chairman and CEO).
The art of welcoming risk, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13 (5), 7-11 Kulkki, S. 2012), Getting competitive, Pan European Networks:
it is far ahead of competitors like Barnes & noble who rated their own sales channel of shops as dominant and Amazon of minimal threat a flea at the most.
First the entrepreneurial creativity and risk was provided by Scandinavians, Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis. The key technical personnel were software engineers from Estonia,
It was a risk-assessment exercise.""In all CDT raised over $250 m from various sources
market and profitability standards discouraged risk-taking and data driven research replaced intuitive visions as the main decision making tool.
a low-risk venture and a secure exist strategy. This does not match innovative robotics,
It also highlights the dependencies and the critical path for production and the potential operational risks.
which outlines strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This frustration, importantly, may be created through comparisons with others.
There is a risk that these investments stem from political priorities, rather than from a real discovery process
A potential risk of basing priority decisions mainly on future potential is that regional and national policy makers might opt for priorities that are not backed up by local capabilities.
and other stakeholders when taking sensible risks and trying new things. Recommendation 10 Research area Encourage research on the implementation process of ICT-ELI,
Research reveals that organisational risk aversion, conservative cultures and excessively hierarchical arrangements constitute key barriers for scaling up ICT-ELI (Kampylis, Law, et al.,
and risk taking (73.3%).%)Changing practices (i e. developing a culture of innovation) is a long and complex process that requires, among other conditions,
and other stakeholders when taking sensible risks and trying new things. 120 73.3 32. Developing long-term strategies to advance the capacity of school leaders to adopt
and other stakeholders when taking sensible risks and trying new things, while for policy/decision makers and others it is:
and other stakeholders when taking sensible risks and trying new things. 73.3 120 21. Encouraging research on the implementation process of ICT-ELI, focusing on the possible learning gains. 72.5 131 As can be seen from the table above,
and other stakeholders when taking sensible risks and trying new things. Promoting diversity in ICT-ELI by funding a number of pilots in different contexts and with diverse implementation strategies.
and other stakeholders when taking sensible risks and trying new things..8. 8 5. 0 5. 8 14.2 24.2 49 49.2 73.3 Developing long-term strategies to develop the capacity of school leaders to adopt
and other stakeholders when taking sensible risks and trying new things. 6. 12 52 6. 19 27 5. 67 24 5. 88 17
since there is a risk of losing compatibility with historical data. However, if the definitions in the standards are not clear,
SMES face a competitive disadvantage compared to larger companies in the participation in public procurement due to the difficult application procedures, a lack of awareness and the greater risk of investment in SMES.
The EIF, a first link in the risk-sharing chain, shares some of the risk with financial intermediaries in the participating countries.
A high risk of lending to SMES can emerge from the uncertainty of their investments in certain knowledge-related activities,
The EIF reduces its local partner's (financial intermediary) exposure to risk, in order to stimulate the provision of debt finance to SMES at local level.
environment and risk prevention and access to transport and telecommunications services of general economic interest. http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/thefunds/regional/index en. cfm#http
Smart specialisation is based on the premise that spreading investment too thinly across several frontier technology fields risks limiting the impact in any one area. 5. 1. 2 Potential Regional Benefits Developing
The Cignifi business model is founded on the idea that Mobile phone usage is not random it is highly predictive of an individual consumer's lifestyle and risk.
Such a collaborative early-warning and earlyaction system shows how data sharing could be considered a business risk mitigation strategy for operators in emerging markets.
To mitigate the potential risks, all stakeholders must see tangible benefits from such data sharing. These stakeholders include not just the public and private sectors
Encryption, virtual private networks (VPNS), firewalls, threat monitoring and auditing are some potential technical solutions that are employed currently,
Hence, a balanced risk-based approach may be required in the context of what is under discussion here,
In return, data users would be permitted to reuse personal data for novel purposes where a privacy assessment indicates minimal privacy risks.
Report 2014 ITU GSR discussion paper (2014), Big data-Opportunity or Threat. Retrieved from: http://www. itu. int/en/ITU-D/Conferences/GSR/Documents/GSR2014/Discussion%20papers%20and%20presentations%20-%20gsr14/Session3 gsr14-Discussionpaper-Bigdata
. 2011), Out of sight out of Mind-How Our Mobile Social network Changes during Migration. 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2011 IEEE Third Int
Using New Data to Understand Emerging Vulnerability in Real-time. UN High-level Panel (2013), A new global Partnership:
Rewards and Risks of Big data (B. Bilbao-Osorio, S. Dutta and B. Lanvin, Eds..References 220 Wesolowski, A. and Eagle, N. 2010), Parameterizing the Dynamics of Slums.
and understand risks as rapidly as new markets emerged. The opportunity for digital technologies to create new businesses is real,
to do that Resistance to new approaches this is the way we've always done it Digital Transformation threatens current power structures I will lose influence in my organization Internal politics it doesn't have the right political support Risk aversion it's not worth the risk
Another said that the pace of digital transformation demanded such speed that it is at risk of diluting employee morale.
and social exclusion-at least 20 million fewer people in or at risk of poverty and social exclusion These goals are seen as strongly interrelated
) 10toe 33.6 toe (2012) Early school leaving in%<11.3%17.3%(2013) Tertiary education in%26.7%22 8%(2013) Reduction of population at risk of poverty or social
and operationalization of the national cyber security system Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC)( responsible) All Ministries offering public services Ministry of Interior Cyber security#of cyberattacks/threats registered by the Government on private
and the sustainability and adequacy of Field of action 1 Field of action 4 Page 29 of 170 Issue Rationale Field of Action to Support the pension system is at medium risk
employment information availability, enhance social program efficiency to reduce the risk of poverty Field of action 1 Field of action 2 Field of action 4 Implementation Of The Precautionary Programme
These reactive and proactive measures can include policies, concepts, standards, security guides, risk management, training and awareness activities,
A real-time response to threats is required, implementing and improving the CERT network in Europe, including the European institutions.
In this respect, in the EU we will need to create a European forum for discussion between the national government to integrate risk management
we will consider implementing processes of security risk management in the public administration. At the same time, we will aim at enhancing consultations with similar bodies in the EU and U s,
and their active involvement when they return home. 2. 2. 3 National context Cyber security Approach in Romania Risks of cyber incidents occurrence are caused by human or procedural reasons.
and deterring threats, vulnerabilities and cyber security risks and promotes Romania's interests, values and national objectives in cyberspace.
The strategy and action plan aim at setting targets for cyber security and lines of action for the coming years.
will work to strengthen expertise in cyber risk, by fostering synergies between different action plans on cyber security (military and civil, public-private, government, non-government;
Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Strengthening the partnership between public & private sector (Operational) Developing cooperation between the public and private sectors, including by fostering the exchange of information on threats, vulnerabilities, risks,
Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Developing national capacities for risk management in cyber security and cyber incident response under a national program Construction of Data base with relevant information (Operational) Consolidating, at the level of the competent
prevention and counteracting of threats and minimizing risks related to the use of cyberspace Responsible: Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Boost the Research & development capabilities in cyber security (Enabler) Fostering national R & D capabilities and innovation in cyber security Responsible:
Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Cyber security Infrastructure (Enabler) Increasing the resilience of cyber infrastructure Responsible:
Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Implementing security standards (Strategic) Increase cyber security by reducing vulnerabilities and implement minimum procedural and security standards for cyber public and private infrastructures Responsible:
and the private sector (Operational) Development of public awareness programs related with threats, vulnerabilities and risks of using cyberspace Responsible:
Operative Council for Cyber security (COSC) Development of educational programs (Enabler) Educational programs in the forms of compulsory education on the safe use of the Internet and computing equipment Responsible:
Understanding and managing risks related to the adoption and integration of cloud computing capabilities into public bodies is a key challenge.
and some cases to rethink, their processes for assessing risk and making informed decisions related to this new service delivering model.
Enabling rapid and cost-effective procurement of information systems/services for all state agencies Eliminating the duplication of effort Reducing risk management costs Cloud computing Definition Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale
in the absence of financial resources for advertising and communication, have higher risks of becoming insolvent o Enabling the SME's to:
Personal lifestyle and environmental impact factors are the most significant risk factors influencing health status. ICT ehealth Definition ehealth is a relatively recent term for healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication.
decreasing the risk of fraud and preventing inappropriate medication (electronic prescription). Responsible: Ministry of Health with support from Ministry for Information Society Effective management of information generated by the IT system Analysis of a significant volume of data generated in the healthcare informatics systems
National Indicators pertaining to einclusion In 201110,40. 3%of the Romanian population was facing the risk poverty
%)To a total of 8. 63 million people at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2011,4. 74 million people were facing the risk of poverty.%
Ministry for Information Society The main informatics risks and threats can be classified based on several criteria.
So, a first criterion highlights the risks and the threats related to the following: Data integrity intended alteration of the stored data
All the risks and threats mentioned above represent critical situations which can affect in a first instance citizen trust in the utilization of the electronic commerce systems.
and software does not provide transparency at governmental level Opportunities Threats and constraints The development of an infrastructure for the egovernment of the public services The increase of the public services utilisation degree which are available in the online media The preparation of the coordinated implementation of intra-communitarian projects,
and for the improvement of cybernetic security Support for the use of open sources and standards for future facilitation and assurance of interoperability of the informatics systems Introducing technologies such as Cloud computing
The existence of very few e-learning projects dedicated to the adult population The lack of a coherent approach for the continuous formation also during the adult life Opportunities Threats and constraints National and international financing
availability of the medical practitioners'with increased ICT competencies Opportunities Threats and constraints The development of the informatics infrastructure in Romania
and support of the development of digital competencies among the users The degree of provision of the cultural institutions with ICT equipment Opportunities Threats and constraints
by the clients The impossibility to establish the quality of the purchased product prior to its physical delivery Increased costs with the product shipment/delivery Opportunities Threats
and technological transfer The fragmentation of the Romanian research system the existence of an increased number of research institutes specialised on different fields of activity Page 133 of 170 Opportunities Threats
Opportunities Threats and constraints RONET project laying backhaul will harmoniously complete the NGN developments into an overall NGN Plan for Romania;
along with a list of risks and mitigation actions Evaluate This phase will assess the effectiveness of an initiative and its efficiency during and after implementation.
indirect indirect#of cyberattacks/threats registered by the Government on private data indirect indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct direct Achieve a Cluster 3 rating for Maturity based on EU
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TO...Thematic Objective TEÁOR...Single classification system of sectoral activities S&t...
Threats Education, training, research background: The new generation of researchers will not be sufficient (either in number or preparedness) to maintain an internationally competitive level;
and may also contain conscious risk-taking. Participants of the Local Research Priorisation Working groups: representatives of knowledge bases:
and there were instances where conscious entrepreneurial risk assumption was applied. 4. 3. 2. National Priorities Within the national research priorities,
conscious risk-taking or the technologies existing at the local level (e g. materials science, nanotechnology, biotechnology,
and conscious risk-taking prevail therein (for example, can the given smart technology be found in that county,
Owing to the risk potential risk factors of the RDI activities, one of the most typical form in the context is the nonrepayable grant.
Because of the high risk, ideas at an early stage which can be financed hardly on a market basis,
which tolerate implementation risks: typically, these are nonrefundable direct financial grants. The necessary support instruments must be provided to the start-up and spin-off undertakings,
Through public-private partnerships, the procurement process based on shared risks and benefits facilitates the development of new technologies,
opportunities, value is given to creativity, knowledge and risk-taking, the domestic business opportunities are given a value,
The players of the policy decision-makers who are willing to take risks are need in of a tool
as well as averting the risks of misuses that inevitably accompany any step of human evolution. I am thankful to the authors for this startling journey into a nascent field
A main Internet trend-threat is recognised today: an increasing concentration of power in services in the hands of a few data aggregators, none of which are based in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search market and 98%of the mobile search market,
For example, even the European Smart Cities project risks being dominated by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives.
A major risk for the Future Internet is the realisation of the‘Big brother'scenario, with big industrial players (mainly US-based) reinforcing their dominant position by implementing platform lock in strategies,
and by striking strategic alliances between the largest Over-The-Top (OTT) iand largest network operators, there is a risk that the innovation ecosystem will become more closed,
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