Under this TO some new measures are planned also as the support of short supply chain and risk management instruments.
as well as opportunities and risks of sectoral policy approaches are dealt special issues with here. The Policy Brief will prioritise specificity over broadness.
Otherwise such policies run the risk of wasting scarce resources which is generally undesirable but particularly undesirable in a situation of economic distress
The WEF study also concluded that many prior discussions in this area overemphasize the risk dimension,
and who find it more difficult to access external finance because of their risk profile, will be particularly hard hit by malfunctioning financial markets. 31 Access to finance may also be hampered by unfavourable regulations related to investment and company shares:
the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start and grow companies: It is important to allow entrepreneurs to fail.
and high profitability and have decreased a risk of ending up performing poorly on both performance dimensions.
Government Business Financing Schemes and Special Risk-Sharing Initiatives. Get-Up Programme with A*STAR The GET-Up programme, short for Growing Enterprises through Technology Upgrade,
and become more risk averse. With the relatively poor ten year returns for VC funds and the availability of other more attractive retail alternatives (such as income trusts), investment by individuals in VC funds in Canada has dried all but up.
and provide some risk reduction for the investor. As in Europe, VC financing is concentrated heavily on ICT as well as biotech and life sciences.
as it enabled entrepreneurs who had no real experience in business to realise their ideas without taking very high personal risks."
Specific items include e g. management change, lack of skilled workers, too low distribution of risk, lack of experience with export markets.
there is an increased risk of government failure. For example, the evidence from the German CIS sample confirms this risk of government failure.
In fact, subsidised YICS do worse than non-subsidised YICS in terms of new/improved products. 172 Brännbak/Carsrud argue that because of perceptual differences between entrepreneurs and policy makers,
and used risk-reward criteria for approvals and if they can squeeze the entire process from application to approval to within one month,
as well as opportunities and risks of sectoral policy approaches are dealt special issues with here. The Policy Brief will prioritise specificity over broadness.
Otherwise such policies run the risk of wasting scarce resources which is generally undesirable but particularly undesirable in a situation of economic distress
The WEF study also concluded that many prior discussions in this area overemphasize the risk dimension,
and who find it more difficult to access external finance because of their risk profile, will be particularly hard hit by malfunctioning financial markets. 31 Access to finance may also be hampered by unfavourable regulations related to investment and company shares:
the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start and grow companies: It is important to allow entrepreneurs to fail.
and high profitability and have decreased a risk of ending up performing poorly on both performance dimensions.
Government Business Financing Schemes and Special Risk-Sharing Initiatives. Get-Up Programme with A*STAR The GET-Up programme, short for Growing Enterprises through Technology Upgrade,
and become more risk averse. With the relatively poor ten year returns for VC funds and the availability of other more attractive retail alternatives (such as income trusts), investment by individuals in VC funds in Canada has dried all but up.
and provide some risk reduction for the investor. As in Europe, VC financing is concentrated heavily on ICT as well as biotech and life sciences.
as it enabled entrepreneurs who had no real experience in business to realise their ideas without taking very high personal risks."
Specific items include e g. management change, lack of skilled workers, too low distribution of risk, lack of experience with export markets.
there is an increased risk of government failure. For example, the evidence from the German CIS sample confirms this risk of government failure.
In fact, subsidised YICS do worse than non-subsidised YICS in terms of new/improved products. 172 Brännbak/Carsrud argue that because of perceptual differences between entrepreneurs and policy makers,
and used risk-reward criteria for approvals and if they can squeeze the entire process from application to approval to within one month,
projects,'which'may'limit'the'perception'of'risk.''''In'conclusion,'the'adoption'and'upscaling'of'ICTQDRIVEN'social'innovations'is'a'critical'challenge'for'the'present'and'future'European'society.'
however, pose a risk in the sense that it is much easier to replace such a relatively more subordinated partner with the stroke of a pen from the parent company headquarters.
however, pose a risk in the sense that it is much easier to replace such a relatively more subordinated partner with the stroke of a pen from the parent company headquarters.
there is a risk that the cultural and economic benefits of the digital shift will materialise in other continents and not in Europe.
Flood Risk Assessment 125 Section 10: Implementation 130 APPENDICES 138 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022 5 Glossary of Terms AA Appropriate Assessment (also known as Habitats Directive Assessment
) CEB City/County Enterprise Board CERT Training and Research body in the Tourism & Hospitality Sector CFRAMS Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Studies CLÁR
and environmental policies and legislative requirements relating to strategic infrastructure, strategic environmental assessment, potential impacts on habitats, flood risk assessment etc.
and avoid increasing flood risk. As part of this approach Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Managements Studies (CFRAM studies) are used to assess the spatial extent
and degree of flood hazard and risk of the rivers in the region and to develop a long term strategy for managing flood risk.
The Section emphasises the need for completion of CFRAM Studies in support of a strategic approach to flood risk management in the region.
Section 9 sets out how Development Plans should include Strategic Flood Risk Assessments and all future zoning of land for development in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential approach set out in the 2009 Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management (Doehlg).
The inclusion of policies and actions to support Sustainable Urban Drainage systems is recommended in future developments as a major component of flood management and prevention.
The importance of flood risk assessment for all existing Strategic Infrastructure and future projects is emphasised also in Section 9. Section 10 Section 10 sets out the mechanisms and structures for implementation
of the Regional Planning Guidelines, with a primary focus on the investment priorities for the region.
Strategic Flood Risk Assessment. The Guidelines put the overall planning system in the Southeast in context.
and Support Structures Wind Energy Development The Planning System and Flood Risk management Guidelines. 1. 2. 1 Updated
and more than 30 kms. of this coastline is designated as being at serious risk from erosion.
A Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study (CFRAMS) has been completed for the Suir by the OPW.
D10 Encouraging effective management of flood risk in the region in accordance with the Assessment and Management of Flood Risk Regulations, 2010, Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk management, 2009
and promoting the co-ordination of flood risk management in conjunction with implementation of the Water Framework Directive and River basin Management Plans.
river valleys, angling, walking, cycling and other outdoor pursuits, quality golf courses and equestrian facilities and the 5 In accordance with the Assessment and Management of Flood Risk Regulations, 2010
considering all transport and infrastructure proposals, regard must be had to the requirements of the Habitats Directive including the carrying out of an assessment of the implications for any Natura 2000 site that might be at risk from the proposed development.
It identified several groups that it considered to be at an unacceptable incidence of social risk
>Address the requirements of groups with specific needs at high risk of poverty.>>Provide high-quality public services to all.>
The quality of green infrastructure affects general quality of life and health, biodiversity/natural heritage, sustainable residential development and flood risk management.
Respect the changing physical nature of the coastline, for example, the risks of erosion and land instability and changes to the intertidal zone.
Take into account the risk of flooding and protect sea defences. Ensure the conservation and enhancement of the landscape and seascape;
with many of these species identified by the NPWS as having poor conservation status. Climate change impacts involving flood risk
Flood Risk Assessment Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022 Section 9: Flood Risk Assessment 1267 9. 1 Introduction Flooding is a natural process that can happen at any time in a wide variety of locations
and it plays a role in shaping the natural environment. Flooding from the sea and from rivers is known probably best,
it is agreed widely that climate change will result in higher risk of flooding of both inland and coastal locations.
therefore, that this issue is addressed within the Regional Planning Guidelines as decisions on the direction of future growth within the Southeast Region can impact on flood risk.
The Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local government and the Office of Public works published Guidelines on The Planning System and Flood Risk management in 2009.
Those Guidelines recommend a clear and transparent assessment of flood risk at all stages in the planning process
and state that regional flood risk appraisal and management policy recommendations are necessary to set a policy framework for Development Plans and Local Area Plans at the local level.
Key guiding principles for Flood Risk Assessment are as follows: Avoid risk where possible. Substitute less vulnerable uses where avoidance is not possible.
Mitigate and manage the risk where avoidance and substitution are not possible. This chapter sets out the key policy recommendations regarding avoidance and management of flood risk within the Southeast Region with the objective of promoting:
1. The identification of appropriate policy responses for priority areas, including areas that transcend administrative boundaries
A Regional Flood Risk Appraisal is contained within the Environment Report prepared as part of the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Regional Planning Guidelines. 9. 2 Development within Flood Risk Areas As a topographically diverse
and with a large coastline the Southeast Region contains a number of risk areas for flooding.
Within the context of planning for future growth the general areas known to have flood risk were overlaid on locations identified for growth and locations and towns already developed.
The general risk areas are based on the historical flood maps and existing reports and maps available from the OPW and the Geological Survey of Ireland.
effective management of flood risk coupled with wider environmental, sustainability and economic considerations mean that it is possible to facilitate the continued consolidation of the development of the existing urban structure of the region.
and Flood Risk management it is considered that these locations should be encouraged to continue to consolidate and to grow
These guidelines outline measures through which both the flood risk and the continued development of the Waterford Gateway,
Within these towns, implementation of the 2009 planning guidelines on flood risk establishes the mechanism to reconcile development and flood risk issues.
Flood Risk Assessment 127 In the region, the pattern of fluvial risk follows for many areas the flow and catchments of existing rivers.
An integrated approach to catchment management is essential for the management of increasing flood risk.
Co-operation already exists in the River Suir Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study (CFRAMS) with South Tipperary,
to examine future pressures that could impact on flood risk and to develop a long-term strategy for managing flood risk that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable.
or believed to be at risk from flooding in the future. The OPW is involved in preparing the catchmentbased flood risk management plans with the relevant local authorities,
the Environmental protection agency and other key agencies providing an integrated and pro-active approach to flood risk management.
It is recommended that this collaborative approach and shared management of river catchments should continue and that the local authorities should fully support the completion of CFRAM studies
and be in the lowest risk sites appropriate for the development, and should include adequate provision for adaptation to,
and deposition and some flooding through normal coastal processes and is also at risk in the future from increased storm activity
and increased storm activity. 9. 3 Role of Local authorities Local authorities must take account of the issues raised in the Regional Flood Risk Assessment
and undertake Strategic Flood Risk Assessment for future plans in line with the Department's Guidance on the Planning System and Flood Risk management.
Local authorities should ensure that they adhere to the principles of avoiding risks where possible in preparing future plans.
Flood Risk Assessment 1289 PPO 9. 1 It is an objective of the Regional Planning Guidelines that in the preparation
Identify and consider at the earliest stages in the planning process flood hazard and potential risk.
Review existing Development Plans and Local Area Plans to ensure that the issue of Flood Risk has been addressed in a manner consistent with the 2009 Planning and Flood Risk management Guidelines.
W here lands are zoned already for housing or other vulnerable development in the flood risk areas,
which ensure that flood risk areas targeted for development following the sequential approach are planned, designed and constructed to reduce
Include policies to ensure that flood risk and impact are considered as a key element in the assessment of future waste and mineral planning strategies and developments.
Include policies that ensure that the location of key infrastructures will be subject to Flood Risk Assessment.
Include policies for the inclusion of Sustainable Drainage systems (Suds) in future developments in accordance with the 2009 Department Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management. 9. 4 Infrastructure and Flood Risk In a flooding event
and can also place people in at-risk situations. For this reason, it is advised that key infrastructure suppliers should assess current elements and stress test future projects against flood risk,
where this has not been undertaken previously. The completion of CFRAMS for the region will assist these stakeholders in examining flood risk within their own specific areas of responsibility. 9. 5 Regional Flood Risk Policy The Regional Flood Risk Appraisal
is set out in Appendix 3 of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Environmental Report in respect of the RPGS.
The recommendations of the Appraisal contain best practice advice relating to dealing with flood risk.
Planning Authorities should implement the following policies with regard to flood risk: PPO 9. 2 Flood risk should be managed pro-actively at all stages in the planning process by avoiding development in flood risk areas where possible
and by reducing the causes of flooding to and from existing and future development. PPO 9. 3 New development should be avoided in areas at risk from flooding.
Alongside this, the Regional Flood Risk Appraisal recognises the need for continuing investment and development within the urban centres of flood vulnerable designated growth towns and Waterford City and for this to take place in tandem with the completion of CFRAM studies and investment in sustainable and comprehensive flood protection and management.
PPO 9. 4 Development Plans and Local Area Plans should include a Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
and all future zoning of land for development in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential approach set out in the 2009 Department Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management.
PPO 9. 5 Local authorities should take the opportunities presented when including policies and actions in Development Plans/LAPS (such as flood plain protection and Suds) to optimise improvements in biodiversity and amenity for existing and future developments.
PPO 9. 6 Key infrastructure suppliers should assess current elements and stress test future projects against flood risk,
Flood Risk Assessment 9. 6 Delivery Actions, Indicators and Monitoring Actions to deliver the Regional Planning Guidelines with respect to flood risk assessment are listed below.
In assessing the delivery of the Regional Strategic Flood Risk Assessment for the Southeast Region the following indicators will be used:
PPO 9. 7 Local authorities should pursue the following actions/indicators required for Regional Flood Risk Appraisal in their area:
including a review of long term flood risk management options and consideration of appropriate land use policies. 2. All local authorities should have completed SFRAS for all Development Plans and Local Area Plans by 2016.3.
and avoid increasing flood risk. Local authorities should fully support the completion of CFRAM studies and jointly implement any actions identified.
Development Plans shall include Strategic Flood Risk Assessments and all future zoning of land for development in areas at risk of flooding should follow the sequential approach set out in the 2009 Department Guidelines on Planning and Flood Risk management.
Development Plans should include policies on the requirement for Sustainable Drainage systems (Suds) in future developments as a major component of flood management and prevention. 129 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region
Europe needs a radical new approach to fi nancing innovation with new partnerships to share risk
and Europe running the danger of becoming more risk-averse at exactly the moment when we need to be more innovative, more experimental, more daring.
Private fi nance mainly backs the same low risk investments. Thus people, entrepreneurs and companies with ambitious and creative ideas fi nd limited support and numerous barriers.
the increasing digitization of personal information combined with international movement of people creates real risks of cybersecurity.
Other new technologies from biotech to nanotech create real and perceived risks and ethical concerns.
Future Technologies (Possibilities and Risks) Social Exclusion (Future of Young) Climate Change (Sustainability) Changing Demographics (Ageing Population) Sustainable Cities (Urbanisation) The Impacts of the Panel
The risk is that the EU falls behind the USA and Asia in critical next generation digital infrastructure.
from public vs private to public private partnerships Risk and uncertainty are inherent in innovation.
European policy must address the current weaknesses of fi nancing innovation through new partnerships to share risk
This should be accompanied by bolder investor readiness initiatives that enable creative businesses to reduce their risk profi les to investors
and fi nancial coverage products to hedge risks or investments. This project is under construction
with a rationale that government takes on the risks associated with new knowledge creation for society (Arrow, Nelson).
and risk prevention and management 6. To protect the environment and promote resource efficiency 8. To promote employment
because they share risks and can undertake larger projects than a company would be willing to embark on alone,
Public administrations provide economic support, under the principle of shared risk, to actions aimed at increasing the market value of technologies identified as marketable.
It is vital to provide the greatest possible incentives for investment in new companies through financial instruments that reduce the risk to
However, due to the inherent risks (technological, operational and market) that they face, it is difficult for them to gain access to traditional sources of finance and capital funds.
and risk prevention and management 6. To protect the environment and promote resource efficiency 8. To promote employment
because they share risks and can undertake larger projects than a company would be willing to embark on alone,
Public administrations provide economic support, under the principle of shared risk, to actions aimed at increasing the market value of technologies identified as marketable.
It is vital to provide the greatest possible incentives for investment in new companies through financial instruments that reduce the risk to
However, due to the inherent risks (technological, operational and market) that they face, it is difficult for them to gain access to traditional sources of finance and capital funds.
and risk assessment adapted to the region of the Carpathian Basin. The participation in LIFEWATCH enables us to gain a respectable international position in the first phase of the development.
and offer more incentives for risk taking. Entrepreneurial knowledge involves much more than science and technology.
run the risk of autarky, and take a narrow view on the role of policy in the exercise.
stimulation of entrepreneurship/management of risk and uncertainty; market formation; mobilisation of resources; and legitimation.
the design of the RIS3 architecture needs to anticipate the risk of capture and make it more difficult for traditional groups to frustrate the process.
and risks associated with entrepreneurial search are shared and therefore do not become too prohibitive for the firm that is leading the search process.
Prioritisation always entails risks for those who have to select those few domains that, as a result, will get privileged access to public funding.
Such an open, participatory process, together with reliance on robust evidence based on regional assets, are the best guarantees to avoid both the risk of capture by interest groups
and the risk of lock in into traditional activities. Once the priorities are adopted it is important that the strategy is validated
Strategies that stop before this step run the risk of remaining unimplemented and/or not credible.
OECD 2011 58 Developing a RIS3 involves a degree of risk-taking, since there is always some uncertainty in the choice of priorities,
Test new or unconventional policy support approaches on a small scale before possible extension, limiting risk.
uncovering specific risk factors, such as the existence of a number of industries in need of modernisation or the dependence of the regional economy on a limited number of industries.
EU level debt instruments (guarantees/risk sharing: CIP-SMEG, RSFF, LGTT Risk Sharing Finance Facility (RSFF.
The Risk-Sharing Finance Facility (RSFF) aims to improve access to debt financing for promoters of research
and innovation investments by sharing the underlying risks between the EU and the EIB. Together, the European commission and the EIB are providing up to EUR 2 billion (up to EUR 1 billion each) to support loans
or guarantees supporting the priorities of the Seventh Framework Programme for RTD (FP7). These contributions will translate into up to EUR 10 billion worth of additional financing available to innovative companies and the research community.
the Risk-Sharing Instrument (RSI), was launched at the end of 2011. It was operated by the EIF on behalf of the EIB
The Loan Guarantee Instrument for TEN-T projects partially covers this revenue risk and consequently improves the financial viability of such TEN-T projects. 117 Policy DG in charge:
in order to reduce their risk and increase their lending activities in favour of the sector. It amounts to EUR 8 million over the period 2010-2013.
1) a guarantee instrument to providers of micro-credit (i e. loans of up to EUR 25,000, in particular to vulnerable groups in risk of social exclusion, for the purpose of setting up small commercial operations;
The European Investment Fund provides financial intermediaries an integrated risk finance product range of SME finance initiatives,
Procurers tend to favour low cost, low risk, and off-the-shelf solutions once the (political) decision on what to buy and at
There are hardly any mechanisms to allow the pooling of risk and resources across countries and different administrations;
and by decreasing the potential innovation costs and financial risks through ERDF co-funding; The recognition of the procurement phase as strategic in public policy cycles, by associating procurement departments at an early stage in the definition of a project and of regional innovation strategies for smart growth;
There is a risk of it being hampered by insufficient knowledge, limited support of grass roots, social enterprise and social entrepreneurship activities
In this regard, it has a pivotal role in answering (together with private stakeholders and the civil society) today's major societal challenges such as demographic ageing, increased demand for healthcare services, risk
risk management and strategic planning with a view to obtaining a better access to the private capital markets,
and take calculated risks. 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The theoretical literature that deals with the issue of R&d
of population at risk of poverty or social excl. no. of persons) EU target 75 3 20 20 20 10 40 20,000, 000 RO target 70 2 19 24 19 11,3 26,7
Innovative public procurement means the public sector can take on the role and risks of a lead customer,
Foreign ownership in the region's key sectors brings with it both opportunities and risks.
The main risk is that foreign firms are likely to be‘footloose, 'that is they are more likely close plants
A second risk is owned that foreign firms‘crowd out'the local industry. This may happen by outcompeting local firms in their traditional domestic market,
there is always the risk of creating an additional level of bureaucracy, if these measures are linked not to a simplification of structures,
Measures under this investment priority should also promote food chain organization and risk management in agriculture by:(
and (ii) assisting farmers with risk management and financing investments in preventive and restoration actions. 170.
the risk to deepen the digital gap becomes even bigger thus amplifying differences between Romania
Generalized access to e-tools is a necessary condition of the success of e-democracy and the elimination of a risk of a technology gap.
There is a strong risk that the definition of standards in technical committees may have far-reaching consequences for the overall future architecture of the electricity system without an adequate public debate.
growing energy demand, globalisation, increasing fossil fuel costs and a new awareness for the risks of nuclear power, the use of renewable energies has been supported by a growing range of stakeholders
highly flexible CHP plants) risk to be too low for coming needs. At the same time, smart technologies are used increasingly for ensuring the appropriate communication between the different actors
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