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Synopsis: Politics: Parliament:

as well as various projects for industrial firms, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the Committee for the Future of the Parliament.

The authors'involvement in technology assessments studies commissioned by the Parliament of Finland, development of proactive risk assessment methodologies for different corporate risk management purposes (identiffyin the vulnerability of corporate and process actions, managing the risks in occupational, industrial and environmental safety, managing business risks, etc.),

The third group Politicians consists of members of the Finnish Parliament's Committee for the Future, provincial leaders,

The barometer instrument has become an established point of reference among cabinet members, parliamentarians and politicians. Wide interest in the technology barometer is indicated e g. by numerous articles in newspapers and professional journals.

which is appointed by Parliament and is the only parliamentary committee specifically dedicated to general future concerns in a member country of the European union,

prepares a statement in response. At the same time, the procedure has included a series of Regional Future Forums.

in particular because Finland involves a modus of interaction between government and parliament. Several studies point to the need of central coordination and a high political backing, ideally at cabinet level or head of government level,

Upward Government minister, parliamentary politicians Downward Programme Management system operators (PSO actors) Energy production companies Energy-technology companies Scientists Approaches Key scope Science

In the Parliament, this report is debated extensively by the Committee of the Future which produces a written response to it;

both the Government's report and the Committtee'response are debated then in a plenary session of the Parliament (see, e g.

which has been debated in the Parliament in late 2008.4. Axes of balance in Finnsight Although formal evaluation of Finnsight has been carried out,

Developments in parliamentary technology assessment in Finland. Science and Public policy 28, no. 6: 453 64. Salo, A,

it involves Government and Parliament. -the arena of programming in between the governmental and the research performing actors, deals with (1) translating the objectives of the former in specific scientific priorities

EU Parliament European commission Council (Competitiveness Council) institutional triangle Board of the intergovernmental research institutions (CERN, ESA...

and approved in the government and by Parliament in October 2009. A year after that, the government commissioned an evaluation on the effectiveness of the preparation process that would comment on the general progress of the process as well as the usability of this kind of foresight work in policy planning.

and two external evaluations one being the official statement given by the Committee for the Future in Parliament (2011),

kohti va ha pa a sto ista Suomea, Parliament Report by the Committee for the Future, Helsinki (in Finnish.

merely to inform parliaments about possible negative effects of new technologies. In the early 1970s15 this more and more changed to a means for better policy analysis.

and simulation platforms to parliamentary activities of lawmaking processes as another example of a FTA technique applied to Law.

I trust that Parliaments would benefit greatly from the use of modelling and simulation techniques aimed at uncovering future societal, economic and environmental trends.

''Along the same parliamentary lines, but on the other side of the Atlantic, we currently have the example of the Scientific Technology Options assessment (STOA),

and deployed with significant participation of national governments for dcustomerst in politics like parliaments or administrations.

and the Office of Technology assessment at the German Parliament (TAB), he is currently heading the project group btechnology Assessment for Nanotechnologiesq at ITAS.

In 2003 the Office of Technology assessment at the German Parliament conducted a broad technology assessment on nanotechnology 49.

and research to pool the distributed strategic knowledge gained from different activities such as technology intelligence, parliamentary technology assessment, technology monitoring and dialogue processes.

VDI, Düsseldorf, 1994.20 POST, Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology policy, in: Making it in Miniature Nanotechnology Report Summery, POST, Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology policy, London, 1996, p. 4. 451 P. Schaper-Rinkel/Technological forecasting & Social Change

80 (2013) 444 452 21 I. Malsch, Nanotechnology in Europe: Experts'Perceptions and Scientific Relations Between Sub-areas, Brussels Luxembourg, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, 1997.22 National science and Technology Council, Nanotechnology, in:

and Power in Denmark'that was launched by the Danish Parliament shortly before the new millennium 27.

DBT has been serving as parliamentary technology assessment and utilised interaction-oriented methods, such as futures workshops, citizen panels and consensus conferences.

The combination of the widespread use of policy evaluations and the DBT's parliamentary technology assessment might have constituted a platform for policy making that would make the need for foresight less urgent.

The working group recommended that the Danish parliament launched a programme for technology foresight that has a budget of DKK 25 30 million (ca. EUR 3. 3 4. 2 million) over three years.

The Globalisation Strategy garnered wide party support in the parliament, including both the three parties behind the government

and it could constitute a common reference framework for the Danish Parliament's political negotiations for the allocation of resources for strategic research.

which was initiated by a passage in the Parliament in November 2006 as part of the national budget negotiations for 2007.

During the parliament's budget negotiation in 2008 approximately half of the 21 themes were received prioritised

other factors, particularly the Parliament's energy agreement, have contributed significantly to the prioritisation process. The key actors in this phase were the five negotiators from each of the five parties that were behind the Globalisation Strategy.

During the parliament's budget negotiation in 2008, approximately DKK 1 bn (ca. EUR 134 million) was allocated to strategic research in the two year period of 2009 and 2010.

The rest are priorities set by parliament through the typical political negotiations. Compared with total competitive2 part of the Danish governmental R&d expenditures,

Implementation of the Research2015 catalogue in real policy Political negotiations in Parliament, starting with the Fiscal Act of 2009 Most(>75%)of the 21 themes for strategic research were receiving budgets Speakers from the parties

in Parliament who were behind the budget (5) P. D. Andersen, L. B. Rasmussen/Futures 59 (2014) 5 17 15 5. Conclusion and perspectives This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of national cultures'effects on national foresight exercises.

albeit with an interesting nuance when it comes to the interaction between the Ministry and Parliament:

Members of Parliament often argued that they should focus much more on short-term matters. It was concluded also that, at the national level,

Attachment to the Secretariat of the German Bundestag's Enquete Commission on Technology assessment prior to the creation of the German Parliament's Office of Technology assessment (TAB),

An Analysis of the Possible Roles of Parliamentary Technology assessment in Innovation policy, Copernicus Institute, Utrecht, 2004.19 K. De Moor, K. Berte, L. De Marez, W. Joseph

cultural and social respeects The horizon scan was mandated by the Danish parliament in 2006 to feed directly into the research agenda setting.

He is currently in charge of a study on ubiquitous computing for the German Federal Parliament

At the same time the Europe 2020 Strategy notes that a partnership approach should extend to EU committees, to national parliaments and national, local and regional authorities,

and the need for faster delivery of FTA results to policy and decisionmakking The rediscovery of parliamentary technology assesssmen (TA) is also a sign of renewed interest in institutionalised forms of TA (cf.

for instance in the case of external FTA organisation that provide semi-institutionalised FTA services (e g. parliamentary TA organisations,

as reflected, for instance, in the creation of new dedicated horizonscanning centres, the strengthening of parliamentary technology assessment offices and the establishment of dedicated foresight units in firms and public administration.

In the case of parliamentary TA, the argument in favour of dedicated future intelligence can be made in a very straightforward manner.

In general, parliamentarians need better access to knowledge about current and future developments in technology and society.

Salo, A. and Kuusi, O. 2001)‘ Developments in parliamentary technology assessment in Finland',Science and Public policy, 28: 453 64.

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