kpatton@sric-bi. com, www. sric-bi. com. Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 public opinion means that highly structured strategic plans are limiting if not downright dangerous.
Q The K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1083 marketplace is a turbulent confluence of commercial, cultural,
Dorothy Leonard-Barton, in K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1084 her Wellsprings of Knowledge 5, maintains that the process of introducing external streams
Items that defy conventional wisdom K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1085!
K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1086 month the database administrator closes off submissions for the month and directs the continuing stream of abstracts into a new set for the next month.
Another abstract K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1087 helps clients reframe design issues by citing designer Dan Formosa
The facilitator keeps the discussion reasonably close to K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1088 the abstracts'data points to make sure that the meeting does not degenerate into a discussion unrelated to the real-world marketplace
K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1089 backgrounds, from technology to specialties in consumer behavior, from engineering to anthropology,
K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1090 Employees participate primarily on a voluntary basis
and experience to assist companies in creating their own internal K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1091 scanning systems.
K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1092 8 Jessie Scanlon, Big business:
Patton is available at kpatton@sric-bi. com. More information about SRIC-BI's Scan program is available at www. sric-bi. com. K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005
toward integration of the field and new methods, Technological forecasting and Social Change 71 (3)( 2004) 287 303.2 T. Kuwahara, K. Cuhls, L. Georghiou, Foresight in Japan, in:
government exercises, Technological forecasting and Social Change 60 (1)( 1999) 37 54 (18pp..5 J. Gavigan et al.
the UK experience, Journal of Forecasting 22 (2003) 129 160.15 A. Rip, A j. Nederhof, Between dirigism and Laissez-faire:
a methodological experiment, Technological forecasting and Social Change 75 (4)( 2008) 558 582.26 K. Cuhls, R. Johnston, Corporate foresight, in:
experiences from the preparation of an international research program, Technological forecasting and Social Change 75 (4)( 2008) 483 495.36 M. Cariola, S. Rolfo, Evolution in the rationales of foresight in Europe
methodologies and selected applications, Technological forecasting and Social Change 75 (2008) 496 516.38 J. Edler, L. Georghiou, Public procurement and innovation resurrecting the demand side, Research policy
forecasting and technology assessment approaches foresight is perhaps the most comprehensive one suitable for providing policy support to address major societal challenges.
and final outcomes 8. The systemic understanding of innovation processes has challenged conventional technology driven forecasting practices and called for new participatory foresight approaches that address also the consideration of diverse perspectives, formation
5 Japan is the pioneer of technology forecasting and foresight, and has completed 8 times technology foresight activities
process and impact. technological forecasting and social change, Technological forecasting and Social Change 73 (7)( 2005) 761 777.6 O. Da Costa, P. Warnke, C. Cagnin, F. Scapolo
, Technological forecasting and Social Change 74 (2007) 608 626.10 A. Salo, T. Ko nno la, M. Hjelt, Responsiveness in foresight management:
This moves well beyond the narrow domain basic technology forecasting important though that this. Indeed, understanding the dynamics of technological change is just one part of a broader mandate.
and practice often goes well beyond the narrow domain of technology forecasting. It is oriented to supporting the functioning and development of innovation systems,
when invoking conventional economic models for short-term analysis and forecasting, at least in less turbulent times.
Indeed, each of the sets of tools just mentioned can be used in applications other than FTA in demographic forecasting,
FTA's subfields include technology foresight, technology forecasting and technology assessment, and of course futures research with its emphasis on explicating long-term alternative development prospects.
while many instruments of normative forecasting and planning (e g. relevance trees) are also part of the toolkit.
or even solitary experts sitting at their desks engaged in‘‘genius forecasting''.''Once we go beyond extrapolating specific trends or devising imaginative scenarios based on historical analogy or generalisation from supposed vanguards, towards thinking about innovation systems more generally,
toward integration of the field & new methods, Technological forecasting and Social Change 71 (3)( 2004) 287 303.4 R. Johnston, Historical review of the development of future-oriented technology analysis, in:
a case for critical systems thinking in nanotechnology, Technological forecasting and Social Change 76 (9)( 2009) 1208 1221.13 I. Miles, UK Foresight:
Navigating the complex landscape of policy strategies, Technological forecasting and Social Change 75 (4)( 2008) 462 482.16 M. Jaspers, H. Banthien, J. Mayer-Ries, New forms
, Integrating FTA and risk assessment methodologies, Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1163 1176.25 Advisory Group on Nanotechnology, New dimensions for manufacturing:
a comparison of two methods, Technological forecasting and Social Change 73 (6)( 2006) 679 704.34 H. Linstone, M. Turoff (Eds.
which are rooted in technological forecasting although it is claimed that FTA ACTIVITIES are inclusive, but the‘quality'of such inclusion is arguable.
On discontinuity and scenario development, Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 2, 175 194.12 S. Mendonc¸A m. P. Cunha, F. Ruff, J. Kaivo-oja
The focus of the Conference was on foresight, technology forecasting and technology assessment methods and tools.
and a special issue of Technological forecasting and Social Change 5. The second Conference in 2006 enlarged the geographical base of participants,
This led to a book published by Springer 6 and special issues in Technological forecasting and Social Change 7,
New technology Foresight, Forecasting & Assessment Methods, 2004, European communities Technical Report EUR 21473 EN. 5 F. Scapolo, New horizons and challenges for future-oriented technology analysis:
The 2004 EU-US Seminar, Technological forecasting and Social Change 72 (9)( 2005. 6 Cagnin, et al.
impact on policy and decision making The 2006 FTA INTERNATIONAL SEVILLE SEMINAR, Technological forecasting and Social Change 75 (4)( 2008.
2005, p. 1066) emphasise that, instead of forecasting methods to produce single-value deterministic images of the future,
''Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 72, pp. 1064-9. Grunwald, A. 2007),‘Working towards sustainable development in the face of uncertainty and incomplete knowledge'',Journal of Environmental policy and Planning, Vol. 9
introduction to section 2'',Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 77, pp. 917-23. About the authors Jens Schippl is a Senior researcher at the Institute for Technology assessment and Systems analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of technology.
B Embrace emergence rather than planning and forecasting. B Focus on interactions rather than constituent parts.
rely on external planning and forecasting. They should enable visioning of phase change situations (with no early warning signals) and the resulting changed world.
Keywords Delphi method, Environmental politics, Government policy, Scenario planning, Sustainable development, Strategic planning, Forecasting Paper type Case study Introduction Since the 1990s each new Finnish government has prepared a comprehensive foresight report
Backcasting is considered as an opposite to forecasting, which is a process of predicting the future on the basis of current trend analysis,
As opposite to traditional forecasting, backasting suits well in the study and solving of highly complex,
A brief look backward and forward'',Technological forecasting & Social Change, Vol. 78 No. 9, pp. 1712-9. PAGE 314 jforesight jvol. 14 NO. 4 2012 Mannermaa, M
recent progress in the use of participatory backcasting approaches for sustainability research'',Technological forecasting & Social Change, Vol. 78, pp. 756-68.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1. Introduction Assessing emerging technologies is a necessary,
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1095 2. Method:
because it R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1096 has changed the perception
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1097 technological field, with its dedicated journals, conferences and communities.
H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1098 3. Case: nonvolatile memories based on nanotubes Before explaining the details about nonvolatile memories based on nanotubes,
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1099 other hand there are growing concerns about the development
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1100 Nantero (US Patent No. 20030165074.
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1101 However, there are other voices that agitate against this.
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1102 (Korea) did just that.
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1103 reported the latter method in 2001 26.
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1104 3. 2. Tracing agenda building
and start to work on solving the problems at R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1105 hand.
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1106 These insights and empirical findings give the opportunity to trace emerging irreversibilities
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1107 As mentioned in Section 2,
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1108 development of dusefult applications of technology, CTA
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1109 5 H. Van Lente, Forceful futures:
34 J. W. Schot, A. Rip, The past and future of constructive technology assessment, Technology Forecasting and Social Change 54 (1997) 251 268.
R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1110 35 F. W. Geels, Towards sociotechnical scenarios
H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1111
Linking territorial foresight and urban planning Jose'Miguel Ferna'ndez Gu ell and Leticia Redondo Abstract Purpose This article aims to show the opportunity
Keywords Territorial foresight, Scenario design, Urban planning, Sustainable development, Strategic planning, Forecasting Paper type Research paper 1. The oblivion of future studies in urban planning Since its origins in the nineteenth
Continuous failures in the use of forecasting methods damaged the reputation of urban planners and seemed to show the impossibility of predicting urban phenomena based on scientific rules and regular patterns.
urban planners tend to focus on forecasting tools, disregarding most foresight methods as frivolous exercises. In fact, our literature review has detected not specific
Wachs, M. 2001),‘Forecasting versus envisioning: a new window on the future'',American Planning Association Journal, Vol. 67 No. 4, pp. 367-72.
failing to encompass the use of forecasting methods or foresight tools in the development of their studies.
It proposes the application of future-oriented analysis (FTA) as a common umbrella term that encompasses foresight, forecasting and technology assessmentmethods and tools to the legal sphere.
Keywords Law, Future-oriented analysis, Foresight, Scenario planning, Modelling, Strategic planning, Forecasting Paper type Research paper 1. Introduction Future and Law 1 are two words that are rarely found in the same phrase.
and risk, neglecting as a consequence the use of forecasting techniques, foresight methods and technology assessment procedures.
failing namely to encompass the use of forecasting methods or foresight tools in the development of their studies.
forecasting and technology assessment methods and tools to the legal sphere. 2. Future-oriented technology analysis (FTA)‘‘Future-oriented technology analysis''(FTA) was created the term to encompass the different tools
, technology forecasting and technology assessment 3. The JRC-IPTS, through the FTA overarching concept and a series of sponsored biennial seminars 4,
technology forecasting and technology assessment communities, along with the broader field of future studies) have come together to discuss
As Johnston (2008) noted, the objective of the first of these seminars‘‘was to analyse possible overlapping fields of practice between technology foresight, forecasting, intelligence, roadmapping, and assessment.''
For a clarification on the differences and similarities among the wide array of terms, methods and approaches that are included in the umbrella term of FTA, such as technology forecasting, technology assessment, roadmapping, technology foresight,
such as the special editions of Technological forecasting and Social Change vol. 75 (4); Technological Analysis and Strategic management vol. 20 (3;
Technological forecasting and Social Change, vol. 72 (9; as well as to the publication of the book Cagnin et al.
as its interface facilitates data analysis, display of forecasting results and scenario analysis. For further details see Hughes et al.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 other hand, decision support and policy making require information on the potential consequences of the introduction of new technologies before they are implemented widely,
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1113 Most funding organisations or contract awarders require valid, scientifically sound, knowledge-based, often quantitative,
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1114 ordinated by the Europa ische Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1115 considered as the most important bridge between basic research and marketable products and processes.
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1116 The term droadmapt is used widely, starting from graphical representations of technology development paths and their application environments up to detailed and ambitious
can be found in a recent double issue of the journal dtechnological Forecasting and Social Changet 8. Generally speaking,
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1117 be as specific and reliable as necessary to be the basis for a valid and sound technology assessment
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1118 Besides this, a successful implementation of this concept could also help to overcome some of the argumentative asymmetries that can be found in many debates about chances
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1119 purposes, and what further benefits of the roadmapping process beyond structuring the field of nanotechnology can be expected. 5. Summary
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1120 2 T. Fleischer, A. Grunwald, Technikgestaltung fu r mehr Nachhaltigkeit Anforderungen an die Technikfolgenabscha
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1121
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These unique conferences have brought together practitioners from three different communities of foresight, forecasting and technology assessment.
thus limiting the possibilities of forecasting. He continued that if we want to bring the systems approach closer to the real world,
by zooming in on the issue of unpredictability, in line with Linstone's argument on the limitations of forecasting in times of transition between two eras.
NESTS pose special challenges to traditional forecasting tools. The authors explore how the 10-step‘Forecasting Innovation Pathways'analytical approach can be systematised through the use of Tech Mining.
They combine qualitative and quantitative tools in aiming to identify potential innovation pathways. The approach proposed is applied to the development of Dye-Sensitized Solar cells (DSSCS),
Technological forecasting and Social Change 78, no. 3: 375 85. Rubin, A. 1998. Giving images a chance:
forecasting and technology assessment research techniques of and for their respective communities. Futures studies are omitted. Derrida's comment,
what are believed commonly to be the metaphors from foresight, forecasting and technology assessment: all have a long history and an equally long and growing catalogue of techniques to use:
Currentftacomponents of foresight, forecasting and TA are simply not able to cope with the welter of information now available to anyone with the wit to look for it nor is FTA able to cope with the increasing complexity of the tasks it faces, often with very significant political interventions and implications.
forecasting and technology assessment are construed often as theory. To search for a philosophical cum theoretical basis to underlie FTA seems to be limited of value.
Technological forecasting and Social Change 78, no. 1: 152 62. Berkhout, F. 2006. Normative expectations in systems innovation.
On the future of technological forecasting. Technological forecasting and Social Change 67, no. 1: 1 17. Collins, H,
. and T. Pinch. 1993. The golem: What you should know about science. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press.
Technological forecasting and Social Change 72, no. 9: 1064 9. Grin, J, . and A. Grunwald, eds. 2000.
Journal of Forecasting 22, nos. 2 3: 179 201. Hedgecoe, A, . and P. Martin. 2003.
Technological forecasting and Social Change 74, no. 5: 608 26. Konrad, K. 2006. The social dynamics of expectations:
Technological forecasting and Social Change 69, no. 6: 625 39. Luiten, E.,H. van Lente, and K. Blok. 2006.
Technological forecasting and Social Change 71, no. 3: 287 303. Reger, G. 2001. Technology foresight in companies:
Technological forecasting and Social Change 75, no. 3: 334 55. Rosenberg, N. 1982. On technological expectations.
Technological forecasting and Social Change 54, nos. 2 3: 251 68. Sturken, M. D. Thomas, and S. J. Ball-Rokeach, eds. 2004.
while relatively accuraat in the short term, forecasting accuracy diminishes in the medium and long terms as political, economic, social,
and published in international journals such astechnological Forecasting and Social Change, Technology analysis and Strategic management, and International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy.
Special issue, Technological forecasting and Social Change 77, no. 9: 1423 5. Cuhls, K, . and R. Johnston. 2008.
Technological forecasting and Social Change 71, no. 3: 287 303. Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive strategy. Newyork:
Technological forecasting and Social Change 75, no. 7: 817 33. Roveda, C.,R. Vecchiato, R. Verganti,
Organization and the future, from forecasting to foresight. In Managing the future: Foresight in the knowledge economy, ed. H. Tsoukas and J. Shepherd, 1 19.
Technological forecasting and Social Change 77, no. 9: 1527 39. Wack, P. 1985. Scenarios: Uncharted waters ahead.
forecasting and technollog assessment are essential associates, both of which bring an element of legitimacy and transparency to the overall decision-making process.
Both forecasting and technology assessmeen provide a more factual and numerical understanding of a business's financial and technical risks
Through its components (foresight, forecasting and technology assessment), FTA has an undeniably arduous role to play.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 at Sandia has its roots in the LDRD program.
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1123 IA leads were designed to not only benchmark the visualizations,
N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1124 3. 1. Data collection Two different sets of data were compiled from multiple sources
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1125 document matrix.
During our meeting with the CIS area leader, we first K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1126 gathered information
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1127 greatest overlaps with CIS,
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1128 Another significant outcome of the meeting with the IA leader was his desire
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1129 extract the hidden relationships within the landscape visualization
N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1130 The first level of analysis identified a macroscale understanding of the overlaps as well as the unique competencies and capabilities that each IA possessed.
N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1131 areas of interest to Sandia since the map indicates that they are well outside our core competency areas.
The area inside the dashed box is explored further in Fig. 7. K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1132 competencies,
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1133 rolling up all of the IAS to an overall Sandia category.
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1134 relationships.
Although this is not equivalent to more traditional and long-term forecasting methods such as Delphi studies or scenarios, it is nonetheless an effective means of guiding the science and technology enterprise in the shorter term.
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1135 References 1 K. Bfrner, C. Chen, K
K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1136
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These kinds of future manuscripts could also be produced with other narrative foresight methods, such as scenarios or‘genius forecasting'.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 71, no. 2: 141 59. Kostoff, R. N, . and R. R. Schaller. 2001.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 72, no. 5: 567 83. Myllyoja, J.,N. Wessberg, and P. Pajakkala. 2012.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 71, no. 1 2: 81 100. Phaal, R c. Farrukh, and D. Probert. 2001.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 71:5 26. Phaal, R c. J. P. Farrukh, and D. R. Probert. 2006.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 76:39 49. Smits, R, . and S. Kuhlmann. 2004. The rise of systemic instruments in innovation policy.
http://www. tandfonline. com/loi/ctas20 Text mining of information resources to inform Forecasting Innovation Pathways Ying Guo a, Tingting Ma a, Alan L. Porter b & Lu
Ying Guo, Tingting Ma, Alan L. Porter & Lu Huang (2012) Text mining of information resources to inform Forecasting Innovation Pathways, Technology analysis & Strategic management, 24:8, 843-861, DOI:
8 september 2012,843 861 Text mining of information resources to inform Forecasting Innovation Pathways Ying Guoa Tingting Maa, Alan L. Porterb and Lu Huanga*aschool of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China;
btechnology Policy and Assessment Center, Georgia Institute of technology, Atlanta, GA, USA Highly uncertain dynamics of New and Emerging science and Technologies pose special challenges to traditional forecasting tools.
Forecasting Innovation Pathways; Newand Emerging science andtechnologies; Tech Mining; nanotechnology; dye-sensitised solar cells, technology intelligence 1. Introduction New and Emerging science and Technologies(‘NESTS')are studied increasingly because of their potentially important‘emerging applications'.
'However, the highly uncertain dynamics of NESTS pose special challenges to traditional forecasting tools. Capturing and exploring multiple potential innovation pathways show considerable promise as a way of informing technology management and research policy.
and forecasting workshops. This paper explores the systematisation of the FIP analytical approach through the application of Tech Mining.
FTA TOOLS have expanded from technology forecasting of incrementally advancing technologies (e g. consider Moore's law describing some six decades of continual advances in semiconductor capabilities)( Roper et al. 2011).
Classical technology forecasting methods were devised to address incrementally advancing technological systems. These methods keyed on technical system parameters, somewhat more than on socioeconnomi system aspects.
and potential users (Step E). Figure 1. Framework for forecasting NEST innovation pathways. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Text mining of information resources 847 Step J,
and conducting a forecasting workshop. Our FIP approach, which combines qualitative and quantitative tools in the‘Profile,
particularly the study of technology forecasting and assessment. She is focusing on research on emerging science and technology topics.
He and the co-authors are preparing a Second Edition of Forecasting and Management of Technology (Wiley.
Her specialty is science and technology management, particularly the study of technology forecasting and assessment. She is focusing on research on emerging science and technology topics.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 74, no. 4: 413 32. Huang, L.,Z. C. Peng, Y. Guo,
Technological forecasting & Social Change 72, no. 9: 1094 112. O'Regan, B, . and M. Gratzel. 1991.
Forecasting innovation pathways: The case of nano-enhanced solar cells. ITICTI International Conference on Technological innovation and Competitive Technical intelligence, Beijing.
Integrating technology monitoring, forecasting & assessment with strategic planning. SRA Journal (Society of Research Administrators) 26, no. 2: 21 31.
Forecasting innovation pathways for new and emerging science & technologies. Technological forecasting & Social Change, doi: 10.1016/j. techfore. 2011.06.004.
Robinson, D. K. R, . and T. Propp. 2008. Multi-path mapping for alignment strategies in emerging science and technologies.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 75, no. 4: 517 38. Roper, A t.,S w. Cunningham, A l. Porter, T. W. Mason, F. A. Rossini,
Forecasting and management of technology. 2nd ed. Newyork: Johnwiley. Shi, H.,A l. Porter, and F. A. Rossini. 1985.
Technological forecasting & Social Change 75, no. 4: 457 61. Technology Futures analysis Methods Working group (Alan L. Porter, Brad Ashton, Guenter Clar, Joseph F. Coates, Kerstin Cuhls, Scottw.
Technological forecasting and Social Change 71, no. 1: 287 303. Van Raan, A f. J.,ed. 1988.
References Cachia, R.,Compano, R. and Da Costa, O. 2007),‘Grasping the potential of online social networks for foresight'',Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 74 No. 8
an efficient,‘round-less',almost real time Delphi method'',Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 73, pp. 321-33.
Experiences in Britain, Australia and New zealand'',Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 60 No. 1, pp. 37-54.
a contextualist analysis and discussion'',Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 74 No. 8, pp. 1374-93.
1. environmental monitoring and forecasting (atmosphere and hydrosphere; 2. estimating resources and forecasting (lithosphere and biosphere;
3. processing and utilising anthropogenic substances and wastes; 4. environmentally safe mining and extraction of natural resources;
various equipment for rescue operations and emergency situations management 66.7 1. 71 Remote monitoring techniques based on space satellite systems 62.5 1. 86 Forecasting
and forecasting the future state of the environment, based on Russian meteorological and natural resources satellites (2015-2020);
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