Our endeavours should be considered within the FTACONTEXT (see http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/).Over the years,
International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 6, nos. 1/2/3: 36 45. Porter, A l,
Identifying expected areas of future innovation by combining foresight outputs Yoshiko Yokoo and Kumi Okuwada Abstract Purpose This paper attempts to examine the efficacy of combining outputs from a foresight exercise by different
Keywords Foresight, Combination, Delphi method, Scenario, Innovation, Sustainable development, Forward planning Paper type Case study 1. Introduction The situation surrounding science and technology has undergone a radical change in recent years.
Foresight has changed its role according to these changes: it aims to provide an overview of future impacts on our society in broader contexts.
Foresight is expected to facilitate a framework for integrated knowledge. 2. The 9th Science and Technology foresight in Japan A variety of methods have been adopted in alignment with the objectives of a project including extrapolative/normative methods or qualitative/quantitative methods.
Combining methods has been recognized as a precondition of successful foresight since a variety of combinations have been discussed
Figure 1 Overview of the 9th Foresight PAGE 8 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 2. 1 Setting global or national challenges The first step of the exercise
This paper is a case study of combining foresight outputs at the last stage to identify the expected areas of future innovation
References Cachia, R.,Compano, R. and Da Costa, O. 2007),‘Grasping the potential of online social networks for foresight'',Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 74 No. 8
European commission (2004), Converging technologies Shaping the Future of European Societies, European commission, Brussels. European commission (2009), Mapping Foresight:
VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 17 Loveridge, D. 1999),‘Foresight and Delphi processes as information sources for scenario planning'',Ideas In progress Paper No. 11, Policy
''Foresight, Vol. 10 No. 6, pp. 62-89. Corresponding author Yoshiko Yokoo can be contacted at:
Strategic dialogues for research policy making in Germany Frauke Lohr, Sebastian Hallensleben and Amina Beyer-Kutzner Abstract Purpose The mere generation of foresight results is not sufficient in itself to influence research policy.
Research policy makers need specific information and insight on how the structured view of the future provided by foresight affects their strategic planning.
Therefore, deriving the maximum benefit from foresight activities requires a carefully designed and actively driven transfer process of foresight results into research policy making.
and investigate the relevance of their theoretical foundations to transferring foresight results into research policy making.
Findings Strategic dialogues have proved to be an effective and efficient instrument for achieving the transfer of results from strategic processes such as foresight into research policy making.
They ensure that foresight results are processed into a form that is directly useful as an input for policy development.
Originality/value The transfer of foresight results into research policy making has featured not prominently so far in discussions of foresight efforts and methods.
Keywords Foresight, Strategic dialogue, Research policy, Stakeholder alignment, Scenario planning, Germany, Innovation, Strategic planning, Governance, Management Paper type Case study 1. The challenge of transferring foresight results Through research policy,
However, the mere generation of foresight results is not sufficient in itself, even if the foresight process was designed
The relevance of a set of foresight results therefore needs to be explored individually for each research policy making unit.
an organization might have to adapt its structure again and again to optimize its ability to absorb each round of foresight results
In addition, the integration and implementation of foresight results may also require the creation of new infrastructure for interdisciplinary research.
In this paper we demonstrate how existing approaches for transferring foresight results into strategic planning can be applied to research policy making.
and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research related to transferring results from foresight and similar strategy processes into research policy making and research infrastructure creation. 2. Lessons from earlier work The challenge of transferring foresight results into strategic planning is well known in a business context.
Using the adaptation of businesses to sustainability considerations as an example, Cagnin and Loveridge (2011) discuss challenges as well as detailed models and processes.
They describe how a business can become more and more receptive to foresight results, and how the necessary changes can be captured
They also discuss the contributions foresight can make to the management system at different stages of development (cf.
Specifically with respect to research policy development in Germany, Meister and Oldenburg (2008) argues that both foresight and subsequent transfer activities have to be constructed as dialogue processes involving all relevant stakeholders.
If the transfer of foresight results is essentially a dialogue process then the question arises
because the motivation and the challenges of those dialogues tie in with those of transferring foresight results,
Dialogues used for transferring foresight results into research policy development do not fit any of these categories
The overall aim lies in making foresight results as usable and useful as possible in the work of research policy makers and in turning the transfer into an integral part of policy development.
(BMBF) conducts Foresight and related strategy processes. In addition, a number of other activities are oriented towards identifying
An efficient transfer of foresight results has to be secured proactively to grasp the opportunity to consciously shape future research in a competitive and dynamic environment The context is dynamic
At the same time, diverging interests, opinions and agendas pose challenges to the new and still crystallizing ideas contained in foresight results.
If those priorities change either in the light of foresight results or through unrelated shifts (e g. change of government after an election) then belief networks of research policy makers can be affected.
and drive the actual transfer of foresight results. It also has a long-term effect in that stakeholders who have been involved in the dialogue change their thinking
foresight is more radical than day-to-day activities of Figure 1 VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 23 research policy makers,
but it is a first cut of describing the wide-ranging and fuzzy topic area provided by foresight results with a tight map that can be used as guide and context for the following steps. 4. 5 Step 5:
B ensuring relevance and a joint understanding through appropriate presentation and transfer of results from Foresight and related strategy processes;
and B compatibility with existing strategic planning activities in individual units within the BMBF. 6. Conclusions Strategic dialogues have proved to be an effective and efficient instrument for achieving the transfer of results from strategic processes such as Foresight into research policy making.
From the perspective of research policy makers, strategic dialogues provide the missing link to transfer the results of foresight and similar strategy processes into research policy making.
They ensure that foresight results are processed into a form that is directly useful as an input for policy development.
Through our work we have come to the conclusion that a carefully designed transfer of foresight results into research policy making would be beneficial in a wide range of situations, not just in Germany but also within the EU and internationally.
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (2010a),‘BMBF Foresight'',available at: www. bmbf-foresight. de (accessed May 1, 2011.
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (2010b),‘Zukunftsbild Morgenstadt'',available at: www. bmbf. de/pubrd/morgenstadt. pdf (accessed May 1, 2011.
Meister, H. and Oldenburg, F. 2008),‘Foresight und Innovation: Zukunfts denken Heute gestalten'',Beteiligung ein Programm fu r Wirtschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft, Physica Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 119-38.
Foresight and‘‘grand challenges''within research and innovation policies Martin Rhisiart Abstract Purpose The paper seeks to discuss how foresight is used to understand the implications of global changes for research and innovation policies.
It connects the results of the project with the literature on foresight innovation and grand challenges.
Findings The emergence of grand challenges within research and innovation policy discourse in Europe has refreshed key questions for foresight theory and practice.
Keywords Foresight Grand challenges, Research and innovation policy, Research prioritization, Forward planning, Innovation, Ireland Paper type Case study 1. Introduction Foresight methods have been used widely around the world to enable the research
''Foresight has long been used for social purposes. However, with the increasing acceptance of grand challenges, Foresight is expected to make a contribution to orienting innovation towards broader issues (Georghiou et al.
2011; Ko nno la a et al. 2011). ) The provenance and scope of the grand challenges are discussed in the article, below;
It relates the case of foresight or future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) used for research and innovation policy agenda-setting, conducted in Ireland.
Several issues are addressed that are relevant for those interested in foresight, research and innovation, and grand challenges.
some conclusions and implications for research and practice are offered particularly on how foresight addresses the‘‘challenge of grand challenges''in research and innovation systems.
Grand challenges refresh and recast some important questions for Foresight and research and innovation policies. 2. Grand challenges the emergence of a new frame of reference In the public funding of research, there are often tensions between two basic principles:
Foresight initiatives play an important role in this process by challenging the research and innovation communities to consider the impacts of changes in conditions, resources and other factors over different time horizons.
Part of the value of foresight in further work on RTDI policy in national contexts is to provide forward-looking assessments that are bottom-up,
foresight for research and innovation policy and strategy'',Futures, Vol. 43 No. 3, pp. 243-51.
Ko nno la A t.,Scapolo, F.,Desruellec, P. and Mu, R. 2011),‘Foresight tackling societal challenges:
Foresight in science and technology policy co-ordination'',Futures, Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 527-45.
These aspects are analysed also during the course of various foresight studies undertaken in such sectors as transport, energy, agriculture, etc.
In 2007, the RF Ministry of Education and Science initiated the National S&t Foresight until 2025 to identify S&t priorities (Sokolov, 2008a,2009.
Therefore for this additional investigation the RF Ministry of Education and Science initiated the second cycle of the National S&t Foresight until 2030.
and interviews were conducted with heads of project teams. 3. Russian FS approaches 3. 1 National S&t Foresight:
''The methodology of this study included various expert and analytical techniques being engaged to prepare this S&t foresight (analytical research, bilbliometric and patent analysis, interviews with and polling of experts,
These issues were analysed deeply in the FS2 framework. 3. 2 National S&t Foresight: 2030 (FS2) The aim of this study was an evaluation of required resources
The National S&t Foresight: 2030 was based on the FS1 results and also on a renewed version of the National S&t priorities and Critical technologies.
The FS2 criteria for the evaluation of technology groups were identified mostly on the basis of the results of FS1 (see Table I). National S&t Foresight:
Table IV The influence of the foresight studies on policy decision-making Influence on policy-making Evaluation of influence on policy-making FS1 The foresight data were used as an information source for many political purposes:
S&t for the 21st century'',Foresight Consolidation Report, available at www. nrc-cnrc. gc. ca/Nordic Innovation Centre (2007),‘Foresight in Nordic innovation systems'',Nordic Innovation
evolution and policy considerations'',Draft Summary Report, OECD Foresight Forum, Budapest. Russian Energy Strategy: 2030 (2009), Russian Energy Strategy:
the Delphi study results'',Foresight, Vol. 10 No. 3 (in Russian. United nations Industrial Development Organization (2007), Technology foresight Summit Workbook, United nations Industrial Development Organization, Budapest.
University of Joensuu (2010),‘Foresight for the development of forest sector in Finland till 2020'',Future Forum on Forests of Finland.
This research may help to solve the practical difficulties faced during the secondary analysis of foresight studies in foresight preparatory studies by providing a consistent classification framework to make comparison and aggregation of future technology options from different countries/regions.
Introduction Foresight and competitive intelligence (CI) are two fields that seek to address future-oriented environmental scanning (Calof and Smith, 2010.
Also, the rule of foresight has changed from the previous explorative forecasting to more be come more oriented to strategic planning (Martin, 1995.
Foresight is undertaken no longer with the claim to forecast or predict a certain future situation, but recognizes the possibility of alternative futures
Therefore, many countries not only use foresight as a tool to improve anticipatory intelligence but also use it as a priority-setting tool.
In some Asian countries such as Japan, South korea and China, foresight has been taken as a tool for priority setting or R&d agenda setting.
Also, China has used the result of foresight for selection of their critical technologies. Even in some small countries in Europe like Austria
foresight results have been used for the implementation of policy measures (Aichholzer, 2001. Competitive intelligence is a systematic way to collect
A new integrated domain strategic intelligence and foresight on technology (SIFT), a combination of CTI and Strategic technology foresight (STF) was proposed recently by Calof and Smith (2010).
STF is derived from technology foresight and foresight, where the emphasis VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 55 is not only on the technologies of the future
they are of a shorter duration to foresight and are more of a predictive nature than STF.
and financed by the European commission within the framework of the Foresight Knowledge sharing Platform implemented under the Research Framework programme (FP7).
and industry development from foresight collected from all over the world. In the foresight experience of small countries such as the foresight activity conducted in Austria named‘‘Delphi Austria,
or standard classification system will make it easier to take a cross-foresight comparison and for analysis. Therefore, a structured mapping method that uses a worldwide accepted international classification system i e.
and has become a widely accepted and frequently used research method, especially for foresight or for future oriented research.
of Science and Technology policy (NISTEP) Foresight and Strategy Planning Team, Korean Institute of S&t Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP), The Science
3. 2 Mapping interactions across technologies from the top 25 percent important Delphi topics in each country Since the foresight results of these three countries were intended to be used for reference in priority setting
Therefore, the top 25 percent important Delphi topics before 2020 are selected according to the foresight result in each country,
One is to help solving the practical difficulties faced during the secondary analysis of foresight studies in foresight preparatory studies,
When entering into the foresight phase, such kinds of research output can be used as a knowledge base for brainstorming among participants,
Third, since the mechanism of incorporating of foresight results into research or development priorities is different in each country,
an example of tailoring foresight to the needs of a small country'',available at: www. oeaw. ac. at/ita/pdf/ita 01 02. pdf (accessed March 8, 2010.
Calof, J. and Smith, J. 2010),‘The integrative domain of foresight and competitive intelligence and its impact on R&d management'',R&d Management, Vol. 40 No. 1, pp. 31-9
Fujii, A. 2006),‘Foresight on information society technologies in Europe''''Science & Technology trends Quarterly Review, No. 18, available at:
Martin, B. R. 1995),‘Foresight in science and technology'',Technology analysis & Strategic management, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 139-68.
Popper, R. 2008),‘How are selected foresight methods'',Foresight, Vol. 10 No. 6, pp. 62-89. Popper, R. 2009),‘Mapping foresight:
revealing how Europe and other world regions navigate into the future'',Publications Office of the European union, European commission, Luxembourg, available at:
Her research interests include foresight, technology roadmap, and patent analysis. Hai-Chen Lin is the corresponding author and can be contacted at:
His research interests include foresight, data mining, and learning technologies. Cheng-Hua Ien received A MS degree in Food Science and Technology from Taiwan University in 1983.
Her research interests include foresight, technology roadmap, and patent analysis. VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 73 To purchase reprints of this article please e-mail:
an important part of the FTA toolkit, namely foresight, would be eclipsed in case the use of advanced quantitative methods is declared'always necessary,
foresight as part of the broader set of FTA) on innovation systems and governance structures? To what extent the current decision-makers and other major‘gatekeepers'would be open to launch and finance such exercises,
Schirrmeister and Warnke 14 contribute towards building foresight capacities for systemic and structural transformations by proposing an original methodological approach that combines four specific features:
Schirrmeister and Warnke 14 contribute towards building foresight capacities for systemic and structural transformations by sharing their experience on a project that explores future innovation patterns.
12 J. H. Kwakkel, E. Pruyt, Exploratory Modeling and Analysis, an approach for model-based foresight under deep uncertainty, Technol.
and practice in RTDI (Research, Technology development and Innovation), business strategy and sustainability, environment management, cleaner production and foresight.
and regional editor of the International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy. His academic interests are in economics of innovation theory and practice of innovation policy, and technology foresight.
as well as on foresight and prospective analyses, and been a member of several EU expert groups. He has advised national governments and international organisations on the above issues.
and the editor of Foresight: the journal of future studies, strategic thinking and policy. His research activity has been focused mostly upon long-term policy
(which comprises Foresight, Forecasting and Technology assessment), 1 foresight practitioners have concentrated traditionally on participatory methods based on qualitative data,
whether foresight performs better than quantitative approaches in supporting the design of effective policies. The answer is,
what makes foresight successful. Literature has paid however little systematic attention to evaluating the actual impact of foresight 16,17.
In addition, several authors indicate that foresight reproduces or projects current knowledge and assumptions 19,20 and does not tell us much about the future.
possibly because foresight is more recent and still wants to prove its usefulness. 388 K. Haegeman et al./
and methods of social scanning and prediction markets could be used to improve professional forecasting and foresight in an era of complex phenomena and disruptive events with high level of uncertainties.
When used in combination with foresight data collected online, network analysis can be used to enable robust analysis of foresight data,
which are often complex to present and codify. Nugroho and Saritas 42 propose a framework for this, building on online foresight survey data,
and foresight seems to be unexplored rather. The idea that one can forecast or predict the future seems to be contradicting the idea of developing multiple futures
using foresight. In reality, predicting certain elements of a broader system such as demographic developments is not in contradiction in any way with developing multiple futures.
or a foresight practitioner identifying the right stakeholders to invite to a workshop). Second, when FTA and especially foresight is addressing the intrinsically uncertain challenge of devising possible futures,
subjectivity, meant as expert/stakeholder opinion, is effectively a source of creativity and as such should be exploited fully.
In general, foresight aims also to envisage a wide and contrasted set of options that can be devised by eliciting experts'knowledge.
Such sectors include energy 32 (see the Energy Foresight Network: www. efonet. org), transport and climate change.
The experience of the European foresight Platform (www. foresight-platform. eu) could provide some relevant inputs towards this endeavour.
and thus tailoring foresight phases to different foresight functions. 15 Typically, quantitative models present higher credibility for shorter time horizons,
For forecast exercises, past performance can be validated by comparing predictions to reality. 16 Foresight on the other hand does not claim to predict the future
Much can also be learnt from the experience that the field of foresight has developed in dialogue and communication in support of building trust amongst stakeholders.
new technology foresight, forecasting & assessment methods, in: JRC Technical Report, EUR 21473 EN, European commission, 2004, Available at:
The Challenges and Benefits of Integrating Diverse Paradigms, Jossey-Bass, San francisco, 1997.11 P. Goodwin, Why hindsight can damage foresight, Int. J. Appl.
http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/documents/download/PRESENTATIONS/Keynotes/FTA%202011%20%205-9%20%20hl%20%20
Accessed July 2012.13 H. A. Linstone, Three eras of technology foresight, Technovation 31 (2011) 69 76.14 I. Tuomi, Foresight in an unpredictable world, Technol.
Manage. 24 (8)( 2012) 735 751.15 J. Calof, J. E. Smith, Critical success factors for government-led foresight, Sci.
http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/FTA2011 CALL FINAL. pdf. Accessed August 2012.19 H. Van Lente,
Navigating foresight in a sea of expectations: lessons from the sociology of expectations, Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manage. 24 (8)( 2012) 769 782.20 D. Loveridge, O. Saritas, Ignorance and uncertainty:
www. foresight-platform. eu/community/foresightguide/2010accessed August 2012.24 J. E. Smith, O. Saritas, Science and technology foresight baker's dozen:
a pocket primer of comparative and combined foresight methods, Foresight 13 (2)( 2011) 79 96.25 R. Popper, How are selected foresight methods, Foresight 10 (6)( 2008) 62 89.26 In:
Guide to Research infrastructures Foresight, European commission, Brussels, 2007.27 F. Scapolo, A l. Porter, New methodological developments in FTA, in:
Change 77 (2010) 466 478.39 K. Haegeman, C. Cagnin, T. Könnölä, D. Collins, Web 2. 0 foresight for innovation policy:
rethinking the discipline, Foresight 12 (1)( 2010) 5 20.42 Y. Nugroho, O. Saritas, Incorporating network perspectives in foresight:
a methodological proposal, Foresight 11 (6)( 2009) 21 41.43 B. Boyer, J. W. Cook, M. Steinberg, in:
Studio: Recipes for Systemic change, Helsinki Design Lab Powered by Sitra, 2010, Available at: http://helsinkidesignlab. org/peoplepods/themes/hdl/downloads/In studio-Recipes for systemic change. pdf. Last accessed July 2012.44 J. Alcamo, D. van Vuuren, C. Ringler
Anal. 14 (2006) 227 249.64 M. K. B. Lüdeke, Bridging Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Foresight, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 2006.
foresight and decision-making, in: Deliverable 3. 1 of EFONET Energy Foresight Network, 2009, Available at:
http://www. efonet. org/index. php? option=com docman&task=doc download&gid=215&itemid=41. Accessed July 2012.68 R. Popper, M. Keenan,
mapping foresight in Europe and the rest of the world, in: The EFMN Annual Mapping Report 2007, Report to the European commission, University of Manchester, TNO, Manchester/Delft, 2007.69 R. Popper, Mapping Foresight revealing how Europe
and other world regions navigate into the future, in: EUR 24041 EN, European commission, Directorate-General for Research, Socioeconomic Sciences and Humanities, 2009, Available at:
building policy options into a scenario for development in a global knowledge society, Futures 37 (2005) 813 831.74 R. Johnston, Developing the capacity to assess the impact of foresight, Foresight 14 (1
and in organising several foresight trainings and International Seville Conferences on Future-oriented technology analysis. He has been publishing articles and reports on anticipatory and analytical research in support of European RTDI policy and on new methods and tools for FTA.
which may affect future European public policies by applying horizon scanning and foresight. She has worked in several foresight projects mainly in the advancement of the application of foresight as an instrument for policy-making formulation.
Andrea Ricci is Vice president of ISIS Institute of Studies for the Integration of Systems, Rome.
and Innovative Approaches) and EFONET (Energy Foresight Network) and is rapporteur of the EC Working group Global Europe 2030 2050.
and internationally devoted to Foresight and S&t and innovation policies; managed several national S&t foresight exercises in Russia,
Appl. 39 (3)( 2012) 2927 2938.38 E. Hajime, Obstacles for the acceptance of technology foresight to decision makers, lessons from complaint analysis of technology forecasting, Int. J. Foresight Innov.
types and methods, Int. J. Foresight Innov. Policy 6 (1/2/3)( 2010) 36 45.
Exploratory Modeling and Analysis, an approach for model-based foresight under deep uncertainty Jan H. Kwakkel, Erik Pruyt Faculty of technology, Policy,
This paper concludes that EMA is useful for generating foresights and studying systemic and structural transformations despite the presence of a plethora of uncertainties,
including technology forecasting, technology intelligence, future studies, foresight, and technology assessment 1. In their own ways each of these approaches is used for analyzing technological developments and their potential consequences.
EMA addresses one of the often mentioned shortcomings of foresight, namely its impressionistic character 10.3.
long-term forward-looking intervention, inter-ministerial, demand-side instruments combined and coordinated with supply-side instruments, based on foresight,
IPTS and different past and present foresight network initiatives such as the European foresight Platform and Forlearn for organizing creative discussion platforms on foresight and scenario initiatives.
Foresight analysis for world agricultural markets (2020) and Europe. www. ag2020. org 2. Danish Technology foresight on Environmentaall Friendly Agriculture K. Borch,(in press) The Danish Technology foresight
Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press 3. DP21 DP21 (2003), Dierlijke Productie & Consumptie in de 21ste eeuw.
Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 11. eforesee Malta L a. Pace,(in press) Strategic planning for the Future:
Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 12.
Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 14.
Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 15.
, E. A. Eriksson, T. Malmér, B. A. Mölleryd, Foresight in Nordic innovation systems, Nordic Innovation Centre, Oslo, 2007.7 T. J. Chermack, Studying scenario planning:
foresight in the risk society, Technovation 19 (1999) 413 421.12 H. Linstone, On discounting the future, Technol.
New Vistas for Qualitative Research Towards a Reflexive Methodology, Sage, London, 2000.29 P. De Smedt, Interactions between foresight and decision-making, in:
The role of interaction in foresight. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 42 42 K. H. Dreborg, Scenarios and structural uncertainty, explorations in the field of sustainable transport, Doctoral thesis, KTH Infrastructure
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 432 443 58 J. P. Gavigan, F. Scapolo, A comparison of national foresight exercises, Foresight 1 (1999) 495
Impacts and Implications for Policy and Decision-making Seville 16 17,october 2008, 2008.62 K. Borch, F. Mérida, Dialogue in foresight:
Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 63 E. Göll, Futur-the research dialogue in Germany, in:
Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 64 A. Geyer, F. Scapolo, European manufacturing in transition the challenge of sustainable development:
Chang. 77 (2010) 1061 1075.72 L. Ilmola, O. Kuusi, Filters of weak signals hinder foresight: monitoring weak signals efficiently in corporate decision-making, Futures 38 (2006) 908 924.73 C. Prell, K. Hubacek, M. S. Reed, C. Quinn, N. Jin, J
On a broad range of regional and EU projects, involving foresight and integrated assessment, Peter worked together with experts
Currently Peter works at the Research centre of the Flemish Government where he is in charge of foresight and sustainability assessment.
Furthermore, he is an expert in foresight and scenario methodologies, where his interests are focused on how to handle trans-disciplinary conflicts and scientific uncertainty.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011