Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 other hand, decision support and policy making require information on the potential consequences of the introduction of new technologies before they are implemented widely,
Globalisation has altered the roles and influence of national policies and industries, political paradigms have changed, EU legislation and international competition leave less room for direct governmental activities in many technological fields.
Bridges Between Science, Society and Policy. Technology assessment Methods and Impacts, Springer Heidelberg, New york, 2004. T. Fleischer et al./
from industry to public policy, IPTS Report 73 (2003. 8 J. D. Linton, S. T. Walsh, Introduction.
C/Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Sevilla, Spain b Weber, AIT Austrian Institute of technology, Department of Foresight & Policy development, Donau-City-Straße 1, 1220
the FTA Conference Scientific Committee took the stance that FTAHAS a potentially useful role to play in exploring future developments of complex societal systems and in defining effective policy actions, by way of:
creating spaces for an effective dialogue between key players in different policy domains; vision-building and consensus-building for engineering major processes of transformation;
He saw innovation policies as horizontal policies that cover the whole innovation system by shaping a favourable innovation environment.
Based on the presented analysis, his paper clarifies the reasons why policy strategy and future-oriented analysis need to move beyond evidence-based approaches.
These invade both the qualitative and quantitative pieces of information that are joined to create outcomes for policy and management in all the STEEPV themes (Social, Technological, Economic, Ecology, Politics and Values and Norms.
AIT Austrian Institute of technology, Department of Foresight & Policy development, Donau-City-Straße 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria Totti Könnölä Impetu Solutions, Palacio de Miraflores
A new approach for STI policy? Science and Public policy 39, no. 2: 135 9. Denning, S. 2005.
Transformational innovation: A journey by narrative. Strategy & Leadership 33, no. 3: 11 6. Edsall, R,
and foresight frequently fail to grasp socially and economically important technical developments and clariffie why policy strategy,
Based on these conceptual developments, the paper then proposes some practical implicatiion for future-oriented research and policy.
Policy-relevant future-oriented analysis, therefore, needs to emphasise processes that support insight, intuition, and innovation, instead of relying on data collected using historically important categories and measurement instruments.
Policies that are legitimised by facts, therefore, are methodologically problematic. Although evidence-based policy-making may be practically useful in the sense that it generates a common frame for policy debates,
it may be harmful because it inherently neglects innovation and knowledge creation. When innovation is important, foresight efforts therefore could more appropriately be located around the problem of articulating natural systems,
These invade both the qualitative and quantitative information co-joined to create outcomes for policy and management in all the STEEPV (Social, Technological, Economic, Ecology, Politics andvalues and Norms) themes.
Actionable future visions Timely mitigation of negative impacts or adaptation to new situations and exploitation of positive outcomes Guidance and support for the policy process identifying impacts on society and implications for policy,
helps to formulate policies and puts them into practice to influence situations in desirable directions.
His research activity has focused upon long-term policy and strategy making with particular emphasis upon Foresight methodologies and their implementation in science, technology and social fields.
Uncertainty and quality in science for policy, theory and decision library, Series A: Philosophy and methodology of the social sciences.
Impact of fta approaches on policy and decision-making, Theme 2 FTAEVALUATION, Impact and Learning, September 28 29, Seville, 12 pp.
research institutes and policy circles (Borup et al. 2006; Van Lente and Bakker 2010. Expectations are produced, circulated, adapted and are forceful in various ways (Berkhout 2006).
and policy circles (Cagnin, Loveridge, and Saritas 2011). During the last decades, dedicated foresight practices have emerged and various approaches and tools have been developed
and policy-settings will benefit from explorations of the future (Gordon, Glenn, and Jakil 2005.
Foresight exercises provide policy with better problem definitions, ensuring more involvement of stakeholders and help to implement the policy (Harper et al. 2008).
The special issue of Technology analysis & Strategic management in 2008 provides a good overview of these intended benefits.
which concerns the task of governmental authorities to develop policy instruments and regulations;(ii) the arena of research performance:
Functions for policy Description Informing policy Generating insights regarding the dynamics of change, future challenges and options,
and transmitting them to policy-makers Facilitating policy implementation Enhancing the capacity for change within a given policy field by building a common awareness of current and future challenges,
and legitimacy Supporting policy definition Jointly translating outcomes from the collective process into specific options for policy definition
and implementation Reconfiguring the policy system Making the policy system more apt to address long-term challenges Symbolic function Indicating to the public that policy is based on rational Information source:
Arenas of governance Foresight objective Priority-setting Networking Building visions Strategic orientation Macro policy priority-setting National/EU level stakeholders networks Overall political
Niches can be used in policy, it is believed, to steer technological development. Asimilar steering effect of expectations is also central in studies of Leitbilder,
and that the approach is insufficiently robust for an ex ante policy (Berkhout 2006). Eames (2006) and his colleagues have studied how the guiding vision of the hydrogen economy has lead to resistance.
Overarching vague visions that initiate and coordinate projects may run into trouble as soon they become more specific. 4. Lessons for foresight Foresight concerns a diverse set of policy exercises with different methods, objectives and settings(‘arenas'.
or as tools to corroborate policy agendas. In companies, public organisations and in ministries foresight exercises are conducted for many reasons and with different effects.
The ubiquitous informal expectations circulate within and between groups of developers and policy-makers, and, inevitably, they do their legitimating and guiding work.
Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Dutch Scientific Council for Government Policy for their financial support and Marjolein van Asselt for her important comments.
The culture of new trends in science and Technology research Policy 28, no. 1: 81 98.
Future-oriented technology analysis as a driver of strategy and policy. Technology analysis & Strategic management 20, no. 3: 267 9. Havas, A. 2003.
Energy Policy 28, no. 9: 625 40. Kappel, T. A.,2001. Perspectives on roadmaps: How organizations talk about the future.
Energy Policy 28, no. 12: 817 30. Van der Duin, P. 2006. Qualitative futures research for innovation.
Shaping technology, guiding policy: Concepts spaces and tools. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Willyard, C. H, . and Mcclees, C. 1997.
and refers to the inability to understand how the components of the environment might change (e g. in the case of the automotive industry, the driver of change of ecological concern by public policy-makers in Europe:
Future-oriented technology analysis as a driver of strategy and policy. Technology analysis & Strategic management 20, no. 3: 267 9. Christensen, C. M. 1997.
Therefore, policy-makers'responses to sustainability are multifaceted choices that must consider the interdependencies between the many dimensions of sustainable development.
Finally, Section 5 summarises the main conclusions and outlines implications for policy and subsequent decision-making. 2. Analysis of existing tools and their gaps Since the 1990s, a range of tools have been brought in to help companies design their path
PDCA cycle and Life-cycle Management system analysis ISO 14001 AA 1000 SIGMA Decide to be in business Environmental policy definition P Design the business Objective
according to needs (access to past information)- Policies defined and the firm has strengths in doing similar work;
individual abilities-Policies support practicces aim to reduce impacts with better use of materials and natural resources-Structured processes/activities-Firm-wide understandiin of activities, roles and responsibilities-Idea
The implications for policy and decision-making are manifold. Regardless of seeing the world based on three interdependent pillars businesses,
This is a key aspect for policy interventtion Ultimately, this would also enable the development of a common base of knowledge and sustainability vision,
RTDI priority-setting and regional coordination as well as joint programming and also supporting policy-making through the early identification of weak signals of emerging issues.
Lessons from initiating policy dialogues on emerging issues. Science and Public policy 39, no. 2: 208 21.
Berg, P m. Leinonen, V. Leivo, and J. Pihlajamaa. 2002. Assessment of quality and maturity level of R&d.
Science and Public policy 39, no. 2: 140 52. Cagnin, C.,M. Keenan, R. Johnston, F. Scapolo, and R. Barré
Science and Public policy 39, no. 2: 222 31. Kwak, Y. H, . and C. W. Ibbs. 2002.
and essential to achieve a cooperative and systematic network Strategy It is the business commitment with a set of principles, values and policies
and Jávorka (2010,7) assert that RTOS play important roles in the European innovation system and in de facto European research area policies,
policy perspective Innovation policy roadmapping Roadmap for developing synthesising policy perspectives for public actors Combination of roadmap knowledge spaces depends on the specific aims of the process Forming policy conclusions on the basis of the roadmapping Downloaded by University of Bucharest
with a policy perspective. It is constructed to produce synthesising policy perspectives for public actors. The aim is to form policy conclusions on the basis of roadmapping.
This category also contains a methodology of innovation policy roadmapping (see Ahlqvist, Valovirta, and Loikkanen 2012.
In the following section, we use four examples of VTT's foresight projects to illustrate how roadmapping can be applied in constructing systemic capacities.
It focussed on building a policy-level perspective for Nordic-level developmeent The systemic policy orientation distinguishes Nordic ICT Foresight from the three previous examples.
Knowledge spaces and systemic capacities Nordic ICT Foresight can be perceived as a systemic II type of policy-oriented foresight process,
The fourth case, Nordic ICT Foresight, was oriented a policy exercise targeted at national and transnational (Nordic) scales.
where the policy fields are integrated in new ways and steered against continuously fulminating, multifaceted future targets.
She holds a Dr. Degree in environmental policy and M. Sc. degree in environmental technology. References Aaltonen, M. 2007.
Innovation policy roadmapping as a systemic instrument for forwardloookin policy design. Science and Public policy 39, no. 2: 178 90.
Ahola, J.,T. Ahlqvist, M. Ermes, J. Myllyoja, and J. Savola. 2010. ICT for environmental sustainability.
btechnology Policy and Assessment Center, Georgia Institute of technology, Atlanta, GA, USA Highly uncertain dynamics of New and Emerging science and Technologies pose special challenges to traditional forecasting tools.
and national policy-makers as they formulate infrastructures to encourage innovation. 2. Background 2. 1. Tech Mining and FTAS Bibliometrics counting activity levels and identifying patterns in R&d bibliographic records,
What key policy and/or business management leverage points enhance the prospects of success? If possible, it can also be valuable to obtain the views of the participants on impact assessment:
and/or policy issues that need to be addressed early in development (e g. scalability of DSSC production).
and policy options. Laying out alternative pathways also raises impact assessment needs. Figure 7 notes possible impacts and issues worth further analyses.
FIP aims to inform ST&I management (private sector) and policy (public sector. We are yet to evaluate whether outputs,
Now, she is also a visiting scholar in the School of Public policy at Georgia Institute of technology.
and of Public policy, at Georgia Tech, where he continues as the co-director of the Technology policy and Assessment Center.
Energy Policy 33, no. 16: 2123 38. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Text mining of information resources 859 Guo, Y.,L. Huang,
Energy Policy 28, no. 9: 625 41. Leydesdorff, L, . and I. Rafols. 2009. A global map of science based on the ISI subject categories.
Impact on policy and decision making. Technological forecasting & Social Change 75, no. 4: 457 61. Technology Futures analysis Methods Working group (Alan L. Porter, Brad Ashton, Guenter Clar, Joseph F. Coates, Kerstin Cuhls, Scottw.
strategic prioritization was the basic principle in drawing up related policies except for those related to basic research.
A tailor-made combination of different methods is employed widely to obtain implications for policy making (Cuhls et al.
VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 17 Loveridge, D. 1999),‘Foresight and Delphi processes as information sources for scenario planning'',Ideas In progress Paper No. 11, Policy
They ensure that foresight results are processed into a form that is directly useful as an input for policy development.
B policy dialogues initiated by policy makers to gain public support (not to be confused with the process of developing policies in the first place;
The overall aim lies in making foresight results as usable and useful as possible in the work of research policy makers and in turning the transfer into an integral part of policy development.
Key results of strategic dialogues are the development of recommendations for the BMBF as input for future research policy.
Survey of earlier national research policy Where funding programs are considered as an element of future research policy it is important to gain an overview of previous funding activities in relevant subject areas as well as lessons learnt.
and a half days) that stakeholders can afford to spend on supporting policy making in this way.
policy initiatives are highly likely to meet stakeholder requirements and ultimately achieve their goals. Overall, the strategic dialogue has resulted in a generation
and demonstrate the power of strategic dialogues as an instrument for a broad range of subject areas in the context of national research policy making.
They ensure that foresight results are processed into a form that is directly useful as an input for policy development.
National policies need to take account of grand challenges whilst continuing to support other research and innovation needs.
which sustainable development has become increasingly embedded politically, in policy terms, and socially. In a more tangible sense, the European union Sustainable development Strategy (2006) although not couched at the time in precisely the same language of PAGE 30 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013‘‘grand challenges''set out a similar framework for addressing the critical
Forfa's, the national policy advisory body for enterprise and science in the Republic of ireland, undertook an exercise to assess the implications of global drivers
2. assessment of existing policy, research and commercial activity; and 3. opportunities for further market and research development.
Twelve roundtable discussions were facilitated with senior representation from a cross-section of policy areas, mainly from government ministries and agencies (approximately 90 participants in total.
policy strategy. 5 has had your organisation contact with other governments internationally in discussing these drivers and trends?
Part of the value of foresight in further work on RTDI policy in national contexts is to provide forward-looking assessments that are bottom-up,
and influence on policy decision making. Design/methodology/approach The three foresight studies used different methodologies depending on the project's goal.
Findings The paper concludes that implementation of these three interrelated studies allows identification of S&t&i priorities that have a strong connection with policy decision making.
Originality/value For the first time the paper presents an analysis of Russian foresight projects connected to the natural resources area and an evaluation of their influence on policy decision making.
technology and innovation (S&t&i) priorities have become an integral part of government policy making in almost all developed countries,
However, approaches and techniques used to identify priority areas for S&t&i development in various countries strongly depend on local peculiarities, socioeconomic policy objectives, the availability of natural resources, the state of the environment,
The final objective was a preparation of policy recommendations on the basis of the S&t priorities;
and a description of specific innovation projects was required for policy decision-making. Therefore for this additional investigation the RF Ministry of Education and Science initiated the second cycle of the National S&t Foresight until 2030.
This policy must promote the advanced development of priority technological areas, which would contribute to increasing the growth rate of the economy, environmental safety and the competitiveness of Russian companies,
B Indirect impact This means that the project results (such as lists of priorities, the most important research topics, policy recommendations) were used for informing policy-makers.
and used the project results to shape national policy. The project covered a wide range of information,
(i e. to key factors of environmental degradation in Russia, the main principles of state ecological policy, the list of strategic approaches of natural environment restoration,
and to supplement the results received from the previous project. 4. The influence of the foresight studies on policy decision-making As can be seen above,
However, the real contribution of the Delphi study results to the development of policy documents was mostly indirect
promising innovation projects and other information required for policy decision-making. These tasks were solved in the FS2 framework.
Table IV The influence of the foresight studies on policy decision-making Influence on policy-making Evaluation of influence on policy-making FS1 The foresight data were used as an information source for many political purposes:
the real contribution of the Delphi study results to policy documents was mostly indirect because we could not assess to what extent the project materials were in the development of these documents Indirect FS2 The project-based recommendations for Russian S&t policy were used to adjust decision-making to future trends,
the FS2 policy recommendations are impossible to realise without solving problems in the management system. The FS3 course identified the innovation priorities
The results of this project were strongly related to policy decision-making, and some strategic documents (Geologic Strategy, Water Strategy) were prepared on the basis of the output of the study.
So, the analysis showed the synergy of all three projects help to achieve results that had a strong influence on policy decision-making.
Therefore for better connection to policy decision-making one might conclude that a common widespread national Delphi survey for the identification S&t priorities (which was our FS1) should be complemented by the identification of key long-term demand for resources
This could be the step from just informing policy to designing policy. References European commission (2003),‘Innovation policy:
policy to support research'',COM (2004) 353, European commission, Brussels. European commission (2004b),‘Stimulating technologies for sustainable development:
evolution and policy considerations'',Draft Summary Report, OECD Foresight Forum, Budapest. Russian Energy Strategy: 2030 (2009), Russian Energy Strategy:
Japan has utilized the result of the 8th Foresight activity to form the Innovation 25 policy and the result of the 3rd Foresight activity of South korea has resulted in 21 future technology areas.
foresight results have been used for the implementation of policy measures (Aichholzer, 2001. Competitive intelligence is a systematic way to collect
Schmoch (2008) Figure 1 Example for Delphi topic mapping PAGE 60 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 3. Results, impacts and policy options
Turoff, M. 1970),‘The design of a policy Delphi'',Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 2, pp. 149-71.
and in defining effective policy responses leads to the understanding that appropriate FTA practices are needed to enable FTA to fulfil such roles.
as well as in devising effective policy responses to these. Through the identification that appropriate FTA practices are needed to enable FTA to fulfil its potential roles
FTA has a potentially useful role to play in enabling a better understanding of complex situations and in defining effective policy responses
and policy discussions on tackling these major changes, as well as research and innovation agendas to support these dialogues and policy discussions.
Innovation is both a source of, and possible key response to, disruptive transformations, if broadly conceived in technological, social, organisational and institutional terms.
and tools would be appropriate to address certain policy needs. The first two are general ones,
FTA EXPERTS and other policy analysts, nonetheless, aim at distilling scientific results from FTA projects and publish them in journals or books.
and by trying to develop taxonomies of strategy and policy needs; systems in which FTA is conducted;
and policy governance sub-systems in which FTA is embedded (or on the contrary, with which certain FTA APPROACHES would clash).
(i) the perceived policy needs/opportunities to be tackled by FTA,(ii) the chosen FTA APPROACH and its methods and (iii) the policy governance sub-system,
as well as the outcome of policy options and other actions. Forecasting e g. demographic or environmental changes is also highly relevant for certain policy needs
or to enable technology observers to determine the current life cycle stage of a particular technology of interest
and that is a major benefit for decision-makers, be they directors of research institutes, deans and rectors of universities, business people, or policy-makers.
policy domains, and governance levels 10. They typically involve complex and systemic relationships within and between social, technological, economic, environmental, and value systems.
and orchestration of activities 3. Policy-makers are concerned naturally with changes and surprises with disruptive impacts on their domains.
which require crosscutting analysis and intervention across policy domains 11,12. It is even more so when one tries to tackle the so-called grand challenges.
The very nature of grand challenges in most cases requires co-operation and co-ordination across (i) policy domains and (ii) governance (policy) levels.
and practical work to establish what FTA METHODS would be useful and feasible to facilitate co-ordination of tools/actions used in various policy domains,
as well as co-operation among policy-makers working at regional, national and supranational level. This overall question needs to be divided into several‘sub-questions,
and demographic or environmental factors feasible in the current policy governance structures? do need we FTA (more precisely:
FTA still needs to develop mechanisms for orchestrated innovation activities and policy action. Systemic action is required for a collective transformation through the coordinated application of scientific/technological,
and Analysis) and to assess multiple scenarios to support the design of dynamic adaptive policies.
and the increasing policy demand for robust evidence for decision-making indicate that there may be a momentum for pushing FTA towards integrating qualitative (QL) and quantitative (QT) approaches,
and thus increasing the relevance of FTA for policy, businesses and society by addressing the so-called grand challenges.
and methods can better support policy-makers since societal challenges and complex interrelated systems require a more holistic and systemic understanding of situations.
EMA is an iterative model-driven approach for designing dynamic adaptive policies and it deals with uncertainties by using an ensemble of different models to explore a multiplicity of plausible futures (or scenarios.
Policy options across the future world ensemble are calculated and compared in an iterated process until the suggested policy provides satisfying results.
Hamarat et al. 11 explore the application of EMA combined with a number of tools in a case that focuses on a large systemic transformation or transition of an energy generation system towards a more sustainable functioning.
and iii) development of dynamic and adaptive plans and policies that are adequate across the multiplicity of plausible futures.
Finally, future research avenues include elaborating on the use of EMA for designing dynamic adaptive policies and the use of EMA for scenario discovery,
De Smedt et al. 5 claim that grand challenges require policy-makers to address a variety of interrelated issues
Policy-and other decision-makers should therefore devise and apply 383 C. Cagnin et al.//Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 379 385 more experimental approaches to creating new solutions
In both countries, public policy activities to foster nanotechnology were accompanied by efforts to establish governance structures to coordinate interactions between actors of the innovation system.
according to Georghiou and Harper 3. We can further extend this broader understanding by stressing that FTA can be highly relevant beyond the domain of STI policies.
when policy-makers need to know about new and unforeseen challenges that could disrupt their activities.
8 H. Ritteland, M. Weber, Dilemmas in a general theory of planning, Policy Sci. 4 (1973) 155 169.9 C. Cagnin, E. Amanatidou, M
Public policy 39 (2012) 140 152.10 M. Boden, C. Cagnin, V. Carabias, K. Haegeman, T. Konnola, Facing the Future:
and also supporting policy-making through the early identification of weak signals of emerging issues. Attila Havas (Phd, 1997) is a Senior Research fellow at the Institute of Economics
He has contributed to international research projects on STI policies, innovation, as well as on foresight and prospective analyses, and been a member of several EU expert groups.
the journal of future studies, strategic thinking and policy. His research activity has been focused mostly upon long-term policy
and strategy making with particular emphasis upon foresight methodologies and their implementation in socioeconomic and technological fields at the supranational, national, regional and sectoral levels. 385 C. Cagnin et al./
finally, given the increasing stress on robust evidence for policy, accessing and combining different types of information
but better support policy-makers in their job. These tendencies raise important questions on the value and scope of combining methods,
In FTA one of the main arguments for more use of quantitative approaches may come from policy-makers, who,
in search for effective policies, tend to aim at reducing or at least understanding the uncertainties that can alter the outcomes of their policies
and try to quantify them ex ante. In addition numbers are perceived as easy to communicate to a wider audience.
However, one must be aware that the relevance of quantitative methods may lie more in their systematic process of comparing policy alternatives under different scenarios,
whether foresight performs better than quantitative approaches in supporting the design of effective policies. The answer is,
Valette 32 points at opportunities for foresight exercises that combine expert-based contrasted socioeconomic and policy scenarios (qualitative part) and a mathematical quantification of the impacts of the alternative scenarios (quantitative part)( p. 239.
both in FTA practices and in linking policy and research in general (for an example, see Haegeman et al. 39). 389 K. Haegeman et al./
the authors believe that such deep integration of methods can potentially enhance both the analytical depth and the policy impact of fta activities.
and addressing different types of innovation. 9 A good example is the contribution that FTA can provide to policy and decision makers in charge of the prioritisation of alternative technological options.
but also amongst its clients (in particular policy-makers. Trust from policy-makers in outcomes from an FTA exercise may be undermined by differences between the expectations of decision-makers who should ultimately use the outcomes of FTA,
and what FTA can really deliver. For example, Georghiou and Harper 66 point at the concern that administrations may want to harness FTA
Finally, policy-makers are concerned still very much with the shorter term, which may have its influence on (lack of) trust. 11 5. Overcoming barriers:
with longer-term priorities for research and policy that address more fundamental barriers to methodological integration. 5. 1. Overcoming short-term barriers One way to extend the application of quantitative methods in FTA
Also in regional cohesion policy there are possibilities for blending quantitative and quantitative approaches, specifically in ex-ante (and ex-post) impact assessment. 5. 1. 2. Misconceptions In order to avoid getting stuck in the circle of epistemological barriers, lack of skills and lack of trust,
Unavoidably, policy-makers and stakeholders will assign a higher plausibility to scenarios that somehow resonate with their own visions.
On the other hand, policy-makers and stakeholders will contribute to shaping the future through their decisions and their actions.
closing the epistemological gap In the long run the clash of cultures could be transformed into an asset by developing the right skills to improve the community's work, the level of trust and, ultimately, the policy impact of fta.
as well as guidance for the 16 If forecasting is used to compare the impact of alternative policy options,
validation could consist of comparing forecast results of the selected policy with the ex-post impacts of that policy. 394 K. Haegeman et al./
which can only be reached through strong interactions within the FTA COMMUNITY and between it and the relevant stakeholders from education, policy and society at large.
Public policy 37 (1)( 2010) 31 40.16 L. Georghiou, M. Keenan, Evaluation and impact of foresight, in: L. Georghiou, J. Cassingena Harper, M. Keenan,
the case of energy and environment policies, Peter Lang, 2010. ISBN 978-90-5201-586-6 pb. 33 N. Shibata, Y. Kajikawa, Y. Takeda,
management, Policy Pract. 14 (3)( 2012) 449 469.40 F. K. Jin, W. R. Fah, N d. En, L. M. Wei, L
building policy options into a scenario for development in a global knowledge society, Futures 37 (2005) 813 831.74 R. Johnston, Developing the capacity to assess the impact of foresight, Foresight 14 (1
He has been publishing articles and reports on anticipatory and analytical research in support of European RTDI policy and on new methods and tools for FTA.
and worked in innovation, education and local development policies. She has experience in quantitative and qualitative research methods
which may affect future European public policies by applying horizon scanning and foresight. She has worked in several foresight projects mainly in the advancement of the application of foresight as an instrument for policy-making formulation.
He received his engineering degree at Ecole Centrale (Paris). His key qualifications are Sustainability Policy analysis and impact assessment, and foresight studies.
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