Early public investments in R&d and innovation were influenced by private sector activities and largely sought to support them.
This site will accommodate the activities of more than 1600 FTE researchers and aims to house the related research activities of the various research actors in purpose-built infrastructures.
The construction of this new quarter will be finished by 2013 with costs exceeding¤600 million.
Research activities will mainly cover the topic of molecular diagnostics with a 5-year budget of¤140 million.
an implicit activity that permeates all policymaking and implementation. An important attraction of technology foresight has been its promise to make such processes more explicit, and, by extension
This consisted of several activities, including an evaluation of ongoing FNR programmes; the collection of statistical data and bibliometric data;
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the number of proposals in domains newly identified by the Foresight exercise was lower in comparison to the domains where there have been research activities for several years,
In research domains that are identified newly (where there are few activities and little resources), an important role of champions is to mobilise the necessary support
in strategies and policy programmes) Incorporating forward-looking elements in organisations'internal procedures Facilitating Immediate Effective actions taken Intermediate Formation of action networks Creation of follow-up activities Ultimate
The goal of activities in this field is to make better use of the city's enormous human resource potential.
Various activities will serve to improve the prospects and conditions for highly qualified young scientists,
but mainly with respect to the activities internal to the city government and public administration, where the strateeg indeed serves as a major reference point.
A number of follow-up activities to the initial set of actions are in the pipeline
whether the process as such will be a one-off activity or whether it will turn into a more regular process of strategy development and update, based on a monitoring of actions and context.
whether the process of strategic dialogue and policy learning can be turned into a sustainable activity or not,
stakeholder participation Introduction Foresight is among the most widespread and accepted forms of organised future-oriented activities today. 1 As a widely applied method for dialogical future thinking,
and/or affect an organisation and its activities'.'They can be organisations or governmental entities who have a stake in
Visioning as an activity, however, differs from other foresight methods, such as scenario planning. 4 In foresight literature visioning is part of a more complex process,
2004,195) there was virtually no mentioning of visioning as a collective activity within the planning profession before 1990.
How do we mobilise knowledge for futureorieente activities and expectations about future development? Giddens (1991,29) argues that our present knowledge about social institutions
the fieldwork activities included observations at all project sites, as well as interviews with schoolteachers, politicians, municipal employees in the planning and social development department, visioning workshop participants and foresight practitioners.
Among the activities suggested by the community council was expressed the idea by the mayor of Lundal:‘
In both respects they can be seen as counterparts to the usually implied preconditions for any participation in a future-oriented activity:
or they should be able to influence the activities of an organisation. Although the young people did not represent either of those categories,
and whether planning should be an activity at the service of‘good'(Hagen and Asmervik 2003,5).
Notes 1. Foresight is a highly diverse activity which makes it difficult to give a comprehensive overview of different organisatioons networks,
The patent trends (upper left) show that overall SOFC activity is lively and increasing.!Patents are increasingly being secured in multiple patent authorities (bfamiliesq of multiple patents on the same invention),
o publication and patent activity relating to the candidate hot topic (bnano-comboq-nano-surfaces
Nano-surfaces & rare-earth materials*Activity--%during the last 3 years: 261 articles 44%last 3 years 72 priority patents 14%last 3 years 133 family patents 32%last 3 years*Conference/Journal Ratio:
The bknowledge networkq map (lower central) depicts their inventors'collaborative activity, finding two teams (of which the trio in the upper left remains active).!
Fig. 1 profiles technology development activity across multiple organizations. Fig. 2 profiles one company's activity in this case for one technological development domain, SOFCS.
Other variants of company profiling might compare the company's activities across technologies, or probe more deeply into a more specific sub-area (e g.,
, nano-surfaces and rare-earth materials for SOFCS. What the technology focus and organizational focus profiles hold in common is a compilation of empirical information to help answer a particular MOT question. 3. Discussion This paper illustrates how to compose informative decision support from empirical information concerning various
It is vital in documenting external technology development activities to track their likely trajectories. It helps devise internal R&d priorities to hit the gaps in external development efforts.!
and perceived technological impacts can further support TA activities. In sum, tech mining offers partial,
A script generates a table showing overall DOE project activity that each university evidences on fuel cells.
characterised by numerous activities that have been initiated by several key actors of the R&i system (see, e g.
Yet, these many activities notwithstanding (or possibly because of the proliferation thereof), there have been no foresight exercises on a scale that would match the scope
because it is more likely that some experts participate in several such activities. Furthermore, the overall institutional and organisational structure (cf.
with the aim of improving the quality and relevance of research and development activities. The Government also noted that key measures towards this end will include the establishment of shared priorities, the strengthennin of the national and international profile of research organisations,
and the Finnish funding agency for technology and Innovation3 (Tekes) to deepen their collaboration in the context of funding activities and other R&i instruments,
however, did not necessarily link to well-established fields of scientific inquiry or innovation activity.
or a development that could contribute to the realisation of changes with significant implications for future R&i activities.
and separate analysis of its significance and impacts (why is this driving force relevant to R&i policy and R&i activities?.
or apply knowledge that is based on R&i activities and (2) and, by doing so, seek to respond to societal and industrial needs.
and (ii) the significance of the factor (i e. how significant was this driving force for future R&i activities?.
In consequence, the panel felt that it is pertinent develop competencies for the analysis of such developments in view of policy and decision making activities.
universities and private companies will establish new ways of allocating resources to research activities, in accordance with research plans that are jointly agreed upon by companies, universities and research institutes,
The activities of this forum and Finnsight were loosely coordinated; but not formal links were established (e g. in the sense that the results of the Future Forum would have depended on those of Finnsight.
In contrast, autonomous management refers to more openennde processes that are intermediated by the foresight co-ordinators (cf. the Core group in Finnsight) who facilitate relatively autonomous participant-led activities in the work of expert panels or other approaches (Salo
Evaluation of national foresight activities: assessing rational, process and impact. Technological foresight and Social Change 73, no. 7: 761 77.
in this case forward-looking activities. The experience of FTA suggests that then new term will only have currency in the space and time in
sociocultural evolution, corporate industrial activity and government. Continuing the call for the FTA COMMUNITY to move on from identifying priorities,
Johnston and Cagnin review the main findings from a series of interviews about the status of FTA as an activity with nine personalities attending the FTA conference.
The performance of research refers to the coordination of activities of all public research institutions (research organisations
or scanning activities which are performed as regular operations. Foresight can be characterised as a systemic instrument 25 aiming at enhanced capabilities in innovation systems and their parts 26.
programming and performing is driven partly by the content and the dynamics of research activities and by the innovation patterns and interactions of different thematic fields or sectors(‘‘Knowledge dynamics''.
The two strings of co-activity (scientific authorship by corporate researchers and patented invention by academics) can be analysed as linkages between the scientific networks (formed by authors)
plant genomics development is based a science activity led by industrial companies. This domain displays a strong institutional (i e. inter sectoral) complementarity between industry and academia.‘‘
The activities of the Plants for the Future technology Platform have been taking exactly this direction. Its Strategic research Agenda is based on a set of challenges
This is not per se a problem as nano-research comprises a heterogeneous set of research activities
Towards a Theory of innovation and Interactive learning, Pinter, London, 2009.11 F. Malerba, L. Orsenigo, Technological regimes and sectoral patterns of innovative activities, Industrial and Corporate Change 6 (1
industrial activities in wireless communications, Technological forecasting and Social Change 71 (9)( 2004) 897 912.41 A. Bonaccorsi, Search Regimes and the Industrial Dynamics of Science, in:
or reform innovation policy and strategy, an activity which sometime ago called‘‘wiring up the innovation system''4. In recent years there has been growth in for regional innovation
those seeking to engage key stakeholders through shortduraatio activities such as scenario workshops, and on the other hand ongoing activities such as horizon scanning activity which provides the basis for informing the first type of approach.
In Section 2 we discuss the inherent limitations of priority setting exercises, in Section 3 we catalogue the emergence of structural foresight and in Section 4 its growing role as an instrument for aligning actors in innovation.
At a basic level a priority is simply an activity which is preferred over another. Normally it is encountered in the context of resource allocation,
but that influence has its limits for example a new terminology may in part be used to re-label existing activities
A distinction may be drawn between structural activities which are intended to build on a thematic or priority-setting approach for example building action networks around the priorities and foresight exercises
society and technology which may impact upon the business and its innovative activities. Rollwagen et al. describe this process in Deutsche bank which they summarise as‘‘Foresight explores
Other corporate activities are engaged more directly with the specifics of innovation: Becker reports that a small group of firms (Daimlerchrysler,
previously an internal activity, must at least in part nowbe carried out in the public arena. By collaborating in their thoughts about the future,
Here the aimwas tomobilise actors and networks by reference to the research focus of their activities rather than to the location inwhich these activities are carried out.
In this context, embedded foresight activities promote the development of internal collaboration. Cariola and Rolfo link this to an evolution from hierarchical organisational structures with tangible assets to network knowledge-based organisational forms as a backdrop to the formulation of innovation policy 36.
and evolving participant-led continuumofmeetings and other activities, whichmaybe the case for example in expert panelwork.
''Fixed The major activities in establishing NTRM have been guided by the NTRM Head Council. The Executive Committee was also set up with 5 subcommittees that are the core body in developing NTRM.
Once the projects are positioned in the framework they provide an overview of the whole portfolio of foresight projects analysed that supports building the more holistic view of the selected activities.
and has completed 8 times technology foresight activities since 1970.6 FTA projects in China in broad sense can be traced to‘‘The 12 Years Science Development Planning''made in 1956,
The outcomes of consensual and instrumental technology foresight activities in Asian countries such as Japan, Korea and China have played increasingly important role in the policy-making process for science & technology and innovation.
and technology development by using the knowledge generated from roadmap activity. In the UK, the Development, Concept and Doctrine Centre (DCDC) a Directorate General of the Ministry of Defence (MOD) conducted a foresight process that produced as a key output a report‘‘the DCDC Global Strategic Trends Programme
However, the diversity of viewpoints in Asian countries may come from the richness of activities. Foresight activities in Asian countries are conducted in different levels,
while preparedness for the future can be promoted through the diversity of activities within such instruments (e g.,
377.5 L. Georghiou, M. Keenan, Evaluation of national foresight activities, assessing rationale, process and impact. technological forecasting and social change, Technological forecasting and Social Change 73 (7)( 2005) 761 777.6 O. Da Costa, P. Warnke, C. Cagnin, F. Scapolo
. Introduction Future oriented technology analysis (FTA) is an umbrella term for a broad set of activities that facilitate decision-making and coordinated action, especially in science, technology and innovation policy-making.
and professional activities and across potentially competing corporate, sectoral, and public interests. Futures 43 (2011) 265 278 A r T I C L E I N F O Article history:
and professional activities FTA then necessarily involves knowledge management (whether this be formal or implicit); and this knowledge management has to confront the challenges created by FTA's call for engagement across different
but Warden 31 has related Weick's activities of enactment, selection and retention to three phases of foresight processes6, resulting in a structure rather similar to Horton's:
which this activity is embedded in, in later FTA ACTIVITIES, or in the organisations from which stakeholder participants have been drawn.
where the activity is designed scoped and, and the implementation phases, where actions are carried (hopefully out
what sorts of output should be feeding into what subsequent activities. 4. Expertise and interaction Popper 10,
as decisions are made about how to represent current activities and how far to retain material produced in earlier phases of the programme.)
and wider networking activities. Discussions of knowledge management, and efforts to plan relevant systems, may well focus on one or other of these polar types.
The idea that knowledge development takes place through a (typically clockwise) multi-cycle spiral movement through these different SECI cycle categories is a powerful heuristic for explicating FTA EXERCISES and activities.
Eerola suggests that these activities of capturing information and forging posits from it can be seen as the‘‘E
In the Nordic H2 energy foresight, the appropriation of the knowledge from the foresight process into various stakeholder organisations was seen as being accomplished through such activities as pilot projects
We may expect to see various types of KM activity taking place during the application of specific techniques.
the pilot studies and other‘‘internalisation''activities were thus happening at the same time as the FTA PROCESS proceeded to the next circles of the externalisation and combination phases.
and extensive activities such as scenario workshops where a number of activities are organised into a sequence in
in order to illustrate the relevance of thekmapproach even in the context of individual/specific FTA METHODS. 6. Scenario workshops as knowledge processes Scenario workshops typically feature a sequence of activities.
Typically such facilitators have acquired their skills through involvement in these and similar group activities, though they may have received some training in facilitation processes and workshop methods (from T-groups through management workshops to academic seminars).
R &d activities and strategy work Regional and national strategies and priority setting International agreements/strategies/priority setting Expert interviews Delphi surveys, questionnaires Interactive workshops focusing on SWOT
and then proceeding to draw on this (critically) in subsequent activities where this formally presented material is added to by information and opinions input by participants,
''often the two knowledge activities are hard to demarcate. We typically ask participants to brainstorm factors that are important under each of the STEEPV headings in turn,
and the objectives that we have for various activities in terms of generating and using knowledge and posits.
since IT can be used to support activity at all poles of Popper's diamond. Nor is it a matter of approaches being mutually exclusive.
One strategy might be to seek to accompany FTA EXERCISES with companion activities in which issue was taken with core assumptions,
and activities) and about possible outcomes (have similar things actually occurred). The impressive results of this work represent a refreshing counterpoint both to the technooptiimis of the main Ami literature,
society and corporate activities. Setting a new landscape for FTA ACTIVITIES around the concept of governance, is the aim of the paper while shedding some light on the issues
i) sociocultural evolution,(ii) corporate industrial activity and (iii) government interests. While there has been a great deal of emphasis on the development
sociocultural evolution, corporate industrial activity and government. Analysis of the relationship between governance and each of the three pillars poses a number of questions to the FTA COMMUNITY that reflect on the potential impacts of FTA ACTIVITIES in governance.
Globalisation and its offspring glocalisation have moved centre stage and now present three pillars corporate industrial activity,
and stakeholder approach has various implications for the relationships between the society, corporate industrial activities and public governance.
Regarding the relationships between corporate industrial activities and society, the this new approach brought the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concept onto the agenda,
How FTA ACTIVITY can support such moves must be set against the three pillars of corporate industrial activity, sociocultural evolution and government interests,
and Development in 1992 23 by representatives of 179 countries) and is at the heart of the quest for new forms of global governance. 5. Corporate industrial activity
society and corporate activity A central assumption behind innovation systems theory is that knowledge is the fundamental resource in the modern economy
and illustrate how FTA is embedded in the background to the influences globalisation and glocalisation on the three pillars of corporate and industrial activity,
These activities are aimed at the enhancement of consumer trust and brand value, and at avoiding litigation claims through the involvement of the society in setting the standards.
Generic social impacts Value chain social impacts Social dimensions of competitive context Good citizenship Mitigate harm from value chain activities Strategic philanthropy5 that leverages capabilities
to improve salient areas of competitive context Responsive CSR6 Transform value-chain activities to benefit society
the social impacts of all firm unit's activities in each location where it operates.
Wild cards may also be introduced into anticipatory decision-making activity in order to increase the ability of social groups to adapt to surprises arising in turbulent business or social environments.
Increased tensions for R&d ownership Solid waste limits industrial activities and life in urban centres Capital shift from‘‘W to E''to‘‘E to W''Continued rise of Asia as economic,
apparently recognising that FTA provides an umbrella for the activities they are interested in. Hence it is not just a matter of new researchers entering FTA,
Keywords Future-oriented technology analysis, FTA, Grand challenges, Forward looking activities T oday's grand challenges from climate change to unemployment go beyond current national policies.
the article argues for equipping legal activities with a set of tools, methods and approaches that enables them to acknowledge
Extremely open methods are open space activities or a brainstorming. Typically, they are used to screen the possible options and/or effects in a broader context.
Both instruments are related to the assessment of the environmental consequences of an activity. SEA and EIA use combinations of different tools rather than only one tool.
which caused large protest activities in the area of Stuttgart and even beyond (see S21, 2010).
The activities of embracing emergence, stimulating evolution, and harnessing the system, can all enable policy makers to see the system from a different perspective
Dunlop, I. 2009), Club of Rome activities of Australian members, Club of Rome General assembly, 24 october, Amsterdam.
Our key concept is the notion of irreversibilities that emerge in the ongoing activities of researchers, institutes, policy makers and firms.
and enable future activities. To trace the emerging irreversibilities we focus on the dynamics of expectations and the agenda building processes.
i) the expectations that guide the search activities of scientists and firms, and (ii) the processes of agenda building 5,
The agendas give rise to activities and different outcomes (e g.,, scientific results, a collaboration between companies), which will evoke new, often more specific,
The horizontal dimension distinguishes between different core areas of technological activity: basic research and research for market applications.
and thus, will have an impact in all areas of economic activities (examples are the materials production industry, pharmaceutical industry, electronics industry).
In fact, one of the core objectives of a city plan is to take decisions in the present time in order to correctly guide urban activities in the future for the benefit of its citizens.
In this pattern, there is a reorganisation of spare economic resources towards nonprofit and Third Sector activities.
services 70%Recreational activities and ecological tourism 46 Basic services (construction/real state) 72 Farm
and forestry activities 37 Economic trend analysis Electric energy consumption MWH/pc (annual) 3. 98 Medium 4 Medium-high 4. 9 Low
Percentage of predominant activity in relation to the total number of existing jobs Electric energy consumption. Megawatts hour of electricity per inhabitant consumed in a year Economic growth.
In the‘‘back to basics''scenario, sustainable development will be imperative due to the lack of energy resources and low economic activity.
Due to the scarcity of research resources and the complexity of the topic, progress had to be attained through a slow, piecemeal effort in different research projects and academic activities.
1. Evidence about the oblivion of territorial foresight among Spanish planners was gathered as part of doctoral academic activity (Ferna'ndez Gu ell et al.
the article argues for equipping legal activities with a set of tools, methods and approaches that enables them to acknowledge
This activity enables law enforcers to anticipate and prevent criminal activity, interpreting patterns of data to better deploy police resources.
Constrained to do more with less, predictive policing marks a paradigm shift in fighting crime, focusing not only on reaction but also (and mainly) on prevention.
anticipate and thus prevent (prospective) criminal activity. As noted elsewhere: Reporting, collecting, and compiling data are necessary
enhancing the effectiveness of police response in countering criminal activities. A concrete example of a predictive policing technology can be found in Compstat,
In brief, Compstat is a crime-mapping software application that highlights areas where criminal activities have occurred,
may prove to be extremely useful not only to legal research activities, but also to legislative making processes.
and simulation platforms to parliamentary activities of lawmaking processes as another example of a FTA technique applied to Law.
In this context, the incorporation of FTA METHODS and tools to lawmaking activities accompanies the growing interest in Regulatory Impact assessment (RIA) by European policy makers.
brings important benefits to law enforcement authorities, namely the prevention of criminal activity and the better management and deployment of police resources.
and assessment methods 21 for such activities (which is, in addition, a problem of FTA per se).
when linked to legal activities should be researched further, avoiding thus the risk of having the future (either envisaged in the form of scenario,
Further research is needed therefore on better ways to incorporate quantitative FTA APPROACHES to legal activities, studying how for example modelling techniques can assist Law without threatening its independence as a fundamental human (and not machine driven) activity. 4. 2. 4 Distinction and legitimacy.
The combination of Law and FTA also raises the question (and challenge) of how to keep FTA and Law distinct and separated.
as a way to render Law a future-oriented activity that uses scientific methods without transforming itself into one of them. 5. Conclusions This paper has proposed a new methodological approach to Law,
to equip the various legal activities, from research to lawmaking, with a set of tools,
and actors involved in areas and activities as diverse as legal research, legislative drafting and law enforcement. 2. For a historical review of the development of Future-oriented technology analysis, see Johnston (2008).
Rader, M. 2001),‘Monitoring of technology assessment activities'',report by the European Science and Technology observatory Network, Seville.
political paradigms have changed, EU legislation and international competition leave less room for direct governmental activities in many technological fields.
Most activities that are considered as R&d in the field of nanotechnology are basic or applied research rather than technology development.
There is a growing need to connect current nanotechnology research activities with visions of applications as well as to structure this field of investigation.
Many activities that are considered as nanotechnology are closer to R&d for enabling technologies than they are embedded in a product (or process) development,
To either integrate these activities into a TA process or make them accessible for TA questions,
or finished roadmapping activities in or around the field of dnanotechnologyt see e g. 11 14.
The science-driven approach is starting with the current research activities, its results and plans for their continuation and is aiming at opening
linking research activities with visions of products and applications and supporting more reliable judgements on the realism of or hurdles for innovations discussed.
which decompoose socially motivated and specialised activity into goal-oriented acts and further into concrete observable operations that implement the acts. 4 In this hierarchical structure,
A specific activity thus generates a socially shared ontology that allows problem-solving and problem definition to occur within this ontology.
Activities, thus, can be associated with an underlyyin thought community (Fleck 1979), community of practice (Brownand Duguid 1991;
when Nokia introduced the first SMS-capable phone. 4. Leont'ev's activity theory was based on Vygotsky's theories on cultural historical development (Luria and Vygotsky 1992).
The meaning of activity, similarly, cannot be deduced from observed acts. 5. Cf. Louie (2010), Poli (2010),
Activity, consciousness, and personality. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall. Lewontin, R. 1983. The organism as the subject and object of evolution.
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