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it strengthens the rational basis of decision-making by capturing often implicit assumptions, expectations and underlying values about the future explicitly in different scenario images and corresponding pathways;
and automatically checking the content of image data unsuitable for children which are available over networks.
40 Practical use of systems capable of understanding and automatically checking the content of image data unsuitable for children
We eliminate all meta pages concerning categorization, images, or talk. We eliminate all external links,
Active involvement of the decision makers in the analysis allowed them to have a broad and realistic image about opportunities and risks related to the new (potential) business.
Hence, the image of a few bright people, using a few interesting methods to forecast the future,
may be replaced by the image of many people interacting with many combinations of methods to shape the future by blurring the distinctions between research and decision making.
Thus, we and others argue that instead of using forecasting methods to produce single-value deterministic images of the future,
and provide an overall image of how far the developed nations have come in a journey towards a knowledge-value society.
The paper introduces the concept of'stakeholder image, 'which is associated with the inherent characteristics of specific social groups from socioeconnomic cognitive and political perspectives.
The main question in the paper is how to draw images for different social constituencies so that they can be involved in a foresight process representing a stakeholder group.
Amunicipal foresight activity in Lundal is described to illustrate how an image for young people was created to endow them to be represented as stakeholders in the process.
Drawing on fieldwork studies of a Norwegian municipal vision project conducted in 2006 it is shown how a specific image of young people was constructed
By creating a specific image of young people the project leadership resolved issues of stakeholder interests and futures literacy before they received their contributions.
Constructing a desired image of specific stakeholders predefines considerably their potential as participants and the scope of their contributions in visioning projects.
To underline the importance of participation in the vision-building project, the project leadership drew upon a specific image of young people as stakeholders in municipal development.
How did this particular image of young people as stakeholders influence their involvement and the final results of their participation in the project?
The idea of an‘image'of stakeholders is used here not in a managerial sense, as in the image of an organisation or firm which continuously has to be updated
and refined in order to attract the desired target group of customers. However, similar to Fombrun's (1996) definition‘image'is here related to seemingly inherent characteristics,
including socioeconomic, cognitive and political dimensions we associate with a specific social group. Whereas Fombrun discusses howa company should take care of its own image
in order to communicate effectively with its stakeholders, the question here is which image an organisation might create of its stakeholders to legitimise its strategic choices.
This specific case of municipal visioning illustrates how an image of young people was created in order to endow them with stakeholder characteristics that fit the objectives of the vision project.
Relevance of case study What picture do we have of young people between 14 and 19 years of age?
whether this image is wrong. More importantly the discussion will highlight how such an image creation can influence the participatory potential of social groups up to the point where we might question the added value of their contributions.
In regard to foresight Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance: how good can it get?
describes visioning as‘the process of creating a series of images or visions of the future that are real and compelling enough to motivate
Visions as desired images of the future can be the result of a range of different foresight processes;
which the idea of assumed shared values collided with the ideal of community engagement. 9 The following discussion of how an image of schoolchildren as stakeholders
however, shows that the collection of young people's contributions was preceded by the construction of a specific image of them as stakeholders.
This paper argues that constructing a specific image of young people as stakeholders points towards a dilemma of inclusive foresight that cannot be rectified by specific management and process principles.
One important aspect of creating an image of young people as primary stakeholders was their social and economic position within the community.
Thus a specific social-economic image of young people as stakeholders was indispensable for their participation.
which the municipality can analyse later. 13 The image of young people as being free from capitalist motives was coupled with a clear request to leave out ideas about physical future projects.
which they constructed an image of this group as authentic stakeholders regardless of their knowledge or possibilities to influence political decision making.
however, this image construction as authentic stakeholders was not enough to define their role as participants.
Through both image construction and the pre-processual framing of contributions, the project leaders thus ensured that the future ideas contributed by the young were well within the possible and the desirable.
The young people were asked to contribute with ideas matching their image as stakeholders already constructed.
The administrative and political leadership's construction of a specific stakeholder image and the preconditioning of the young people's contributions is a good example of exactly this performative way of exercising rhetoric and representative power in a municipal planning process.
on the assumption that images of a desired future can direct individuals'present behaviours, guide choices and influence decisions.
because a certain image of a group of participants forms their contributions and the expectations regarding their participation.
Realizing value from the corporate image. Boston, MA: Harvard Business school Press. Fuller, T, . and P. de Smedt. 2008.
even computer simulations and use of images and dramatic interpretations of posits and the events and vignettes they might entail.
http://www. esrcsocietytoday. ac. uk/ESRCINFOCENTRE/Images/Nanotechnology tcm6-1803. pdf (accessed 29/07/09)).41 S. J. Wood, R. Jones, A. Geldart, Nanotechnology:
from the Science to the Social the social, ethical and economic aspects of the debate, Swindon, Economic and Social research Council, 2007 (available at http://www. esrc. ac. uk/ESRCINFOCENTRE/Images
justification of CSR initiatives on the grounds that they will improve a company's image,
The focus needs to move away from an emphasis on image to an emphasis on substance.
novonordisk. com/images/Sustainability/sr02/SR2002UK. pdf. 29 M. E. Porter, M. R. Kramer, Strategy & society:
which images of weak signals are shown in organization facilities. All the employees in the organization can send their images about weak signals to this tool.
The purpose of that tool is to disseminate weak signals in organizations easily and increase futures thinking
2005, p. 1066) emphasise that, instead of forecasting methods to produce single-value deterministic images of the future,
backcasting aims to liberate images of the future from today's mental fixations and dominating trends.
Ho jer, M.,Gullberg, A. and Petterson, R. 2011), Images of the Future City. Time and Space for Sustainable development, Springer, Dordrecht.
Various images about nanotechnology were brought into the world by media, spokespersons, etc. that sketch the seemingly unlimited possibilities that nanotechnology has to offer.
Giving images a chance: Images of the future as a tool for sociology. American Behavioral Scientist 42, no. 3: 493 504.
Ruelle, D, . and F. Takens. 1971. On the nature of turbulence. Communications in Mathematical Physics 20, no. 3: 167 92.
and add to a repertoire of images, statements and prophecies and by doing so they contribute to a particular dynamic (Van Lente 1993;
businesses and governments derive their agendas from their collectively created images of a promising technology
In all cases, actions, reactions and decisiion are framed in images of the future that circulate in professional networks or in the general media.
they may reproduce images and arguments that are already circulaating Indeed, an increasingly important task for foresight is to critically reflect on the available, circulating expectations (Könnölä, Brummer, and Salo 2007).
and circulating images of the future, both limits and enables the formal anticipations. Foresight exercises will draw from the repertoire of circulating statements,
and image definition. The same considerations can be extended easily to the broader ICT ecosystem where Siemens operates
firm's target is to gain product/service quality and main objective is to enhance the firm's image-Negative impact prevention driven by processes-Balance between emotions
and technology foresight clearly should define an image of the future and show the framework Figure 6 Ratio of topics that are related to several scenarios PAGE 16 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 toward its realization.
but not suitable in discussions with stakeholders since many of the issues are politically sensitive and/or inconsistent with the self-image of stakeholders.
when consisting of non-numerical information (such as text, images, and sounds) and a methodology as qualitative when not relying on statistical/Technological forecasting
During the 2011 International Seville Conference on FTA, the use of images and visualisation techniques was suggested as a tool,
extrapolations or trends, substituting the criterion of plausibility for probability 1. Scenarios are not equivalent to images of the future,
but they consist of images of the future. Images of the future are snapshots of future states,
whereas scenarios consist of a logical sequence of images of the future 2. 1. 1. Developing
and using future scenarios Scenario analysis is practiced across many domains and is restricted not to specialized futurists or scenario specialists 3. Developing and using scenarios can contribute at various levels of society by generating appropriate inputs for planning
while most of the other techniques described produce narratives or images of alternative future states. Practices are very diverse and often combinations of techniques 61.
This uncertainty is reflected in a distinguished set of possible long-term future images that are derived often from a multi-axes framework of the most important but uncertain drivers of change.
Still, it is less obvious how these scenarios can be used for bridging today's decisions with the future images.
We found that crystallizing concrete policy initiatives for innovation from long-term future images, i e. beyond twenty years, can be difficult.
When considered from the perspective of creating legitimacy for action we also suggest that the scenarios in this group could benefit fromcomplementary techniques connecting the long-term future images to the present via stepping stones.
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 432 443 The images of the future are focused on key internal developments
and enriching the future images. Flexibility, either avoidance of surprises or fast utilization of sudden opportunities
Comprehensive and well-designed roadmaps linking today's experiments with future images can improve the impact of the scenarios.
In addition the success of the roadmaps can be tested for different possible future images. This will provide essential information about the robustness of the innovation potential.
Our analysis suggests that scenarios developed with broader stakeholder/expert participation will provide richer future images that go beyond the probable that is determined by the past and present 73,75.
An overview of our findings is presented in Table 2 that describes for each group of practice (sub-sections 4. 1 4. 3) the most common images of the future, an example of a characteristic technique and the dominant mode of futures thinking.
and practice is shaped by the image (s) of the future and the techniques applied. Combinations of techniques are possible
we argue that future scenarios developed with a combination of well-designed modes of futures thinking will provide richer future images that go beyond the probable that is determined by the past and present.
, Stockholm, 2004.43 P. J. Beers, A. Veldkamp, F. Hermans, D. van Apeldoorn, J. M. Vervoort, K. Kok, Future sustainability and images, Futures
easy to grasp format consisting of one image with commenting text line (c. f. Fig. 3). A trailer introducing all 19 visionswith a short introductionwas created
The photographic image facilitates immersion into a possible situation in the future, whereas the drawing distorts the pictures
This image seemed to foster the idea of time consuming and slow participative processes. This interpretation did not correspondwith the intention of the project team and the comprehensive description of the vision.
emblematic images (e g. for widespread creativity, Fig. 8) abstract schemes (e g. for social experimentation, Fig. 9) stories fromthe future ranging from short day in a life segments (e g. for deliberative innovation
, The Images of Organisation, Sage, UK, 1986.16 C. Agyris, D. A. Scho n, Organisational Learning:
which involves the exploration of alternative images of the future, including the pathways that describe
1) 3d images,(2) community-functions through DTV,(3) DTV as an embedded open source platform where everyone can develop applications,
Technology-driven impulses and developments have resulted in continuously improving sound and image qualities (e g.,, immersive 3d TV experiences), ubiquitous TV experiences via mobile devices, advanced possibilities for on demand viewing, etc.
and information in the‘innovation arena'and (2) that every well-functioning innovation process should be based on one or more images of the future 47,48.
1. The image (s) of the future, which function as a kind of‘Leitmotiv'for all innovation-related activities.
and executing the innovation processes adequately and the actual transition to the envisioned image of the future.
image of the future, process model and transition path. For instance, the transition path aims at realizing the 2 Critics argue that the active involvement in day-to-day work creates bias in the participant-observers in that they may partly
/Futures 59 (2014) 62 78 65 once-set image of the future. At the same time, changes in the image of the future for example, due to an adapted vision as a result of leadership activities can mean that the transition path has to be adapted
just as the strategy might need to be updated. 3. 2. 2. Applying the CIM for analyzing the preferences on networking
If that is not the case the transition path might lead to a‘wrong'image of the future, i e.,
, an image that the network did not envision for itself. Also, the CIM requires every concept to be made explicit, i e.,
Image of the future vision Now WINN clearly aims at exploring and developing innovative solutions for water management in The netherlands with many partners 49.
However, a mixed image emerged with regard to the presence and use of an image of the future regarding the innovation processes of WINN in the past.
and research. 6 4. 2. 1. Image of the future vision When applying the CIM to the EICT,
Image of the future vision The starting point of the EIT ICT Labs was the vision of an integrated institute.
provides images of the future, identifies innovation opportunities and potential for commercialization, and creates cohesion within the ICT Labs about current trends.
when it comes to conducting and supporting collaborative innovation among its partners, the image of the future,
Joint Technology initiatives (JTIS), the European Alliance for Innovation and the EIT KICS (case 3). Thus, the image of the future for EICT seems to be need in of an update. 8 The partner structure of EICT of a research institute, a university
adjusting the image of the future and the vision and strategy of EICT quarterly board meetings,
and vision for the network based on the image of the future of an open network of partners that fosters research and business opportunities.
, in terms of the CIM especially the image (s) of the future, the vision and the process model of the network.
but which were also complementtary This means that cooperation might be rewarding to improve the scanning images for each country
and positive image of those running a foresight exercise Better understanding of a territory's strengths and competencies Finally,
and image of organisations using FTA, showing them to be futureorieente and open, and attractive places for investment Enhance responsiveness of organisations by supporting change in individuals'behaviour
offer four distinct, yet plausible images of the future‘world order'and of international science cooperation 20 years from now.
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