countries, cities, regions

Science.PublicPolicyVol39\9. Fraunhofer future markets.pdf

and Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Akademiestraße 4 8, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany 2fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Headquarters, Hansastraße 27 C, 80686 Mu nchen, Germany

Grand challenges are discussed at many levels, for instance, the EU, the regions, nations, cities and organisattions Even the New framework Programme‘Horizon 2020'will stress programmes that are based on‘social challenges'(European commission 2011:

EU 2011 or the different definitions given during the presentations at the Innovation Convention, held 5 6 december 2011 in Brussels). Some institutions and companies have lists of megatrends and regard them as global challenges.

24) The challenges to developing countries are also becoming global. Different publications or internal papers can be discusssed

'One is‘The World in 2025'(EU Commission 2009), which argues about trends, tensions and major transitions.

Trends mentioned are (EU Commission 2009: 11ff):.) The Asian century is approaching, with nearly twothiird of the world's population living in Asia (in 2025), with increasing inequalities and Asia as the first producer and exporter of the world..

On the other hand, obesity is on the increase in developed countries. Although the global health situation is improving,

with more than 50%of the major reserves located in very poor countries and three billion people lacking water.

and cultural distance (EU Commission 2009: 19ff) In this context, transitions are assumed to be:.towards a multi-polar world and world governance. towards a new universalism (political-cultural transition.

'demographic change and‘active ageing'(EU Commission 2009: 19ff) These transitions are considered also to be‘megatrends'in other publications.

and was taken up in Germany by popular trend searchers like Horx (2007) who defines them as the:..

The new version of the German‘hightech strategy'1 (Bundesministerium fu r Bildung und Forschung 2010) has defined needs-oriented fields (Bedarfsfelder in German) and key technologies as a frame

they are set in the context of Germany. But it is impossible to think of Germany meanwhile without its global context. the fields of the hightech strategy are:.

climate/energy. health/nutrition. mobility. security. communication Interestingly, there seems to be a considerable level of consensus on the upcoming challenges.

Compared to other publicly funded research organisations in Germany, the share of industry revenues is relatively high and a unique feature of Fraunhofer.

and poverty reduction, both nationally and internationally) Target 13 Address special needs of least developed countries (includes tariff

-and quota-free access for least developed countries'exports, enhanced program of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCS) and cancellation of official bilateral debt,

and more generous official development assistance for countries committed to poverty reduction) Target 14 Address special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing states (through Program

of Action for the Sustainable development of Small Island Developing States and 22nd General assembly provisions) Target 15 Deal comprehensively with debt problems of developing countries through national and

Methodologically, the analysis of different foresight activities in different countries was at the forefront. From these analyses, a core team composed of Fraunhofer

This is the strategy of the German government in science and technology fields, see also<http://www. bmbf. de>accessed 15 july 2011.

Time for the EU to meet global challenges'.'Sevilla: JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, EUR 24364 EN, European commission Report.

Office for Official Publications of the EU. Cuhls, K.,Blind, K. and Grupp, H. 2002) Innovations for our Future.

FTA as part of the strategic planning of a distributed contract research organisation',paper presented at Third International Seville Conference on FTA, held Seville, Spain, 16 7 october 2008.

2009), See<www. se2009. eu/..fs/1...lund declaration final version 9 july. pdf>accessed 20 september 2011. Naisbitt, J. 1984) Megatrends:

<http://community. iknowfutures. eu/pg/pages/view/3528>accessed 22 july 2011. UN Millennium Challenges. 2005), See<http://www. millennium-project. org/millennium/challenges. html>accessed 19 july 2011.244.

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