Dialogue

Dialogue (193)
Effective dialogue (4)
Strategic dialogue (57)

Synopsis: Discussion: Dialogue: Dialogue:

This can be done in a verbal dialogue where the facilitator (s) in a tour de table format asks each participant at a time to enter a new idea,

Futur the German research dialogue, Res. Eval. 13 (3)( 2004) 143 153.14 PREST, Evaluation of the Hungarian technology foresight programme (TEP), Report of an International Panel, University of Manchester, Manchester, 2004.15 R. Slaughter, A new framework

‘Futur the German research dialogue',Research Evaluation 13 (3)( 2004) 143 153.3 R. Barre, Synthesis of technology foresight, in:

tools to inform debates, dialogues and deliberations, Technikfolgenabschatzung, Theorie und Praxis 2 (14)( 2005) 74 79.14 R. Barre, M. Keenan, FTA Evaluation, Impact and Learning,

and initiate meaningful and lively dialogues among stakeholders. Their diverse accumulated knowledge and experience, as well as distinct viewpoints are indispensable for building policy-relevant visions.

the shared visions and policy recommendations, stemming from the dialogue among participants, offer a basis for faster and more efficient implementation.

or spark dialogues, by offering food for thought, at best. The theoretical framework of this article rests on the innovation systems school 10 15),

For a proper policy dialogue it is crucial to use appropriate terms, but it would go beyond the scope of this paper to discuss these competing terminologies in detail.

let alone among different types of them. 568 A. Havas/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 558 582 4. Futures for universities Vision-building requires an intense dialogue among stakeholders for two reasons:(

Second, the content or some elements of the futures drafted here can be used as one of the inputs for dialogues among stakeholders in actual foresight processes.

and that would lead to a Successful multi-speed EU. Not all of these questions can be discussed here as appropriate answers to them would require a dialogue among the key players,

who do not want social dialogues on clearly formulated alternative strategies, given the time needed for these processes,

We the editors believe this is a positive development as it signifies the potential of opening up a fruitful dialogue between the relatively young

Opening up a fruitful dialogue among the FTA researchers and professionals facilitates also mutual learning across the FTA and risk assessment communities.

The discussion and dialogue between people is considered thus important when analysing new technologies and the impacts of their market introduction.

and field building, dialogue and interaction. The core idea is to share the knowledge and create in that way developed knowledge

. Cuhls, N. Ludewig, Introduction to futur the German Research Dialogue about the Futur process, in:

‘Futur the German Research Dialogue',Research Evaluation, vol. 13,2004, pp. 143 153,3. 15 M. J. Bardecki, Participant's Response to the Delphi method:

This element is partly present in the emphasis in foresight exercises on participatory processes and societal dialogue.

Actor dialogues, partnershhip consensus seeking Advisory Council for Energy Research Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight

Many participants also had difficulty in engaging in a visioning dialogue. This might have been due to their unfamiliarity with foresight,

the private sector clearly welcomed the opportunity for dialogue with public sector researchers and some consortia seem to have spun out of the exercise that have gone on to submit proposals to the European commission.

and fruitfulness of such dialogue platforms between the private and public sector. The exercise has exploded also the myth that the private sector is interested only in short-term research.

technology and innovation options among players, creating debate Awareness of the systemic character of change processes Foresight skills are developed in a wider circle Dialogues in new combinations of experts and stakeholders and a shared understanding

The three terms form a catchphrase to express the serious interest in strengthening the critical public dialogue about RTI, both within Vienna and on the international stage.

By means of a new set of measures called‘Vienna research in dialogue'a critical and continuous exchange of knowledge about RTI with the citizenry is to be fostered.

Under the slogan‘Vienna research in dialogue',the City will address essential contemporary and future issues in the field of science, research and technology.

including the dialogue with the public. A number of follow-up activities to the initial set of actions are in the pipeline

It is one of the intentions for the future to reinforce this dialogue, though. Overall, the need to achieve consensus on immediate policy actions among the key local policy actors implied that several of the more controversial issues,

transport or local government, acknowledge the increasing demand for democratic dialogue about the future with affected parties and interest groups.

There is an increasingly participatory dialogue about the future between organisattion and various social groups such as knowledge workers (including experts), stakeholders and users of public services.

10.1080/09537320903262397 http://www. informaworld. com Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 972 S. Jenssen multi-stakeholder dialogue

futur the German research dialogue. Research Evaluation 13, no. 3: 143 53. Cunliffe, A. 2005.

The demand for dialogue: studying the influence of organisers in public foresight. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 3, no. 4: 403 19.

and the Finnish innovation Fund (Sitra) has sought to promote a constructive dialogue on impending societal challenges by establishing a So-called future Forum.

Explorative and normative elements are combined as well as wide collective dialogue and targeted strategic conversations among key decision makers.

The generation of socio-technical scenarios in a stakeholder dialogue may well create a more reliable ground for transferring research results into successful nano-innovations.

Known as the market survey or technical dialogue, this stage takes place priori to the procurement process.

The process usually involves much dialogue, assisted by facilitators with‘‘scripts''(instructions and tasks) and with use of such instruments as whiteboards, flip charts, presentation graphics,

l p x E e g d e l w o n k t i c i l p x E Field building Linking explicit knowledge Dialogue Learning by doing Socialization

and dialogue may correspondingly remain more superficial. We would hope that system designers and those responsible for establishing the steps

The traditional techniques of face-to-face dialogue are not the only way in which we can engage in dialogue, debate, mutual learning,

and the creation of shared understandings. There are many accounts of deep intellectual (and emotional) relationships sustained through written communication.

But face-to-face dialogue is a particularly effective medium for (inter-)organisational learning, especially when participants are from different backgrounds

economic and juridical decisions in a dialogue process with the political authorities. Governance and regulatory concepts imply a modified description of what regulation is and how it works, where the regulatory limits of state authority and the potential of society to influence

and make decisions about them through constructive dialogue with regulators, the local community and activists.

it is developed the means by a firm to build a proper dialogue with stakeholders so that there is a real understanding of what needs are being

Rather than just opening dialogue between science and society solely in terms of environmental or health impacts, there is a need to tackle broader social concerns such as ethical and cultural values, power relations,

and produces issue-specific knowledge through dialogue, creating joint learning between users and producers, knowledge generation and shared sense of commitment.

A Stakeholder Approach, Pitman, Boston, 1984.18 O. Saritas, L. Pace, S. Stalpers, Stakeholder participation and Dialogue in Foresight, From Oracles to Dialogue:

Man's New Dialogue with Nature, Heinemann, London. Rami'rez, R. and Van der Heijden, K. Eds)( 2008), Business Planning for Turbulent Times:

A major reason to run the workshops for a more exclusive group of experts was to enable deeper dialogue within the workshops.

In conceptual terms, the dialogue and the literature produced under the FTA common umbrella term have contributed greatly to the distinction and articulation of the many different methods,

In response to these crises, he saw a need for new forms of dialogue at different levels,

and promoting active citizen participation in decision-making through inclusive dialogue. They see a key role for FTA APPROACHES and methods in this.

and sectors of society probabilistically to express their relevant uncertainties How to deepen dialogue with society How to improve governance Because of the dominant role of subjective opinion,

dialogue and interaction; disruptive and transformative change; FTA and complex ecosystems 1. Introduction Future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) thinking is used in an explanation

Embedding FTA within the proposed management dynamic framework enables business networks to develop their sympoietic system capability, through interactions and inclusive dialogue,

stakeholder dialogues; organisational change, fair and ethical negotiations; fair work conditions; training and education of human resources;

The latter depends on creating an interactive dialogue through active participation and mutual understanding among the actors involved to enable the whole network to pursue the same vision of sustainable development.

firms should work out their own model that brings new opportunities through dialogue and interaction, being transparent and accountable to stakeholders (Brinch-Pedersen 2003).

through processes and tools that enable spaces for inclusive dialogue to take place (Shelton 1997; Cagnin 2005;

Embedding this form of dialogue in the proposed management framework improves the ways in which stakeholders are perceived by one another

Collaborative learning is the basis of this evolutionary leap founded on an inclusive and active dialogue among all parties in the network:

as equals, in dialogue through an inclusive approach (Olsen 2003). Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:04 03 december 2014 A framework, with embedded FTA,

Dialogue to develop‘meta-learning'across the network is crucial. It is the recognition of others'feelings

According to Losada (1999), high-performance teams need an inclusive dialogue approach for all stakeholders in the network.

which includes the need for an inclusive dialogue approach with all stakeholders in the network with FTA permeating all processes:

and recognition of each other's feelings, for mutual learning, knowledge sharing and experimentation, all of which are critical to building the kind of interactions and inclusive dialogue across the network that lead to trust, legitimacy and a common identity.

and connect through inclusive dialogue and mutual respect, in which each and every node of the network becomes an embedded participant that actively shapes the path to a common vision of sustainability Source:

and trust are leveraged through dialogue-Communities of practice structure (focus on values)- Driver is trust, values and mission are defined jiontly-Symbiotic network structure-Education across the net Motivation-Environment of we/they competition between individuals-Behavioural structure with no sense of ownership-Structure of individual teams (no focus on collective performance;

reward systems-Dialogue and conversations lead to individual discovery/learning-Teams Share experiences-Self-managing teamwork, high-performance teams in the net-Inclusive dialogue and active participation

environmental and social performance along the network. 4. Management framework The proposed management framework emphasises the creative aspect of living systems where FTA is key to enable the kind of dialogue

Dialogue and information-sharing, founded on trust, are pre-requirements. Features of universal ethics or universal principles and those of respect (Zohar 1990;

and responsibility built upon inclusive dialogue and active participation, along with conflicts, generating transparency, development (Giversen 2003;

Dialogue, respect and emotions for others'feelings are critical; the emotions of individuals build their rationality (Damasio 1996) and their human actions (Maturana 1998.

FTA is embedded in the management framework to facilitate inclusive dialogue across the network, enabling actors to anticipate

The kind of dialogue supported throughftaprovides a newparadigm able to deal with unpredictability and support decision-making effectively by using models, such as sympoiesis,

i v i t C a s e g a t S Stakeholder participation Based on Inclusive Dialogue and Continuous learning enabled through FTA Decide to be in business Defining

and an inclusive dialogue throughout the network Competences Core competences definition and review Communication Communication channels and processes definition and review Technology Technology infrastructure definition and review Operations Operations

It must facilitate a different kind of dialogue and interactions to take place across business networks to support effective decision-making:

In this context, the kind of dialogue required across a business network demands the inclusiiv participation of governments and overall societies,

and promoting active citizen participation in decision-making, through inclusive dialogue, which can be achieved through FTA APPROACHES and methods (Cagnin et al. 2008).

as well as foster positive emotions and connectivity across networks by leveraging the number of interactions and opportunities for dialogue.

Lessons from initiating policy dialogues on emerging issues. Science and Public policy 39, no. 2: 208 21.

and demonstrate in deeds through specific communication channels how intentions are put into practice, together with an ongoing continuous dialogue, builds mutual trust and transparency.

to enable business networks 819 Appendix 4. Business broad management system Stages PDCA Cycle Meaning Stakeholders Participation Based on Inclusive Dialogue

An anticipatory agency can be defined as a strategic ability of an organisation to construct feasible targets for the future through shared dialogue,

The workshops were designed to facilitate dialogue between the users of the research potential collaborators such as universities, funding agencies and the societal actors in the field of service science (Halonen, Kallio, and Saari 2010.

The lessons of the article could be ennobled by putting them in a dialogue with other foresight methodds such as scenario and weak signal analysis.

Design/methodology/approach The authors compare strategic dialogues with existing dialogue instruments and investigate the relevance of their theoretical foundations to transferring foresight results into research policy making.

They capture the lessons learnt from such dialogues in a seven-step process that can be adapted to specific situations.

and subsequent transfer activities have to be constructed as dialogue processes involving all relevant stakeholders. With his summary of the key results of foresight activities in Germany in the early part of the last decade, he also illustrates once more their wide-ranging and interdisciplinary nature and hence the need for an active and carefully designed transfer to research policy making.

If the transfer of foresight results is essentially a dialogue process then the question arises

which established models and methods are suitable for such dialogues. Welp et al. 2006) have investigated this area for science-based stakeholder dialogues.

Their analysis is relevant because the motivation and the challenges of those dialogues tie in with those of transferring foresight results,

including the call for greater impact of results as well as greater accountability for the generation of those results.

2006) contrast science-based stakeholder dialogues with other types of dialogues. In an overview, they cover:

B science-based stakeholder dialogues initiated by scientific institutions with the aim of increasing knowledge

B policy dialogues initiated by policy makers to gain public support (not to be confused with the process of developing policies in the first place;

PAGE 20 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 B multi-stakeholder dialogues for governance on an international level, for example in the environmental area;

and B corporate dialogues initiated by businesses to communicate in the context of supplier networks and with society as a whole.

Dialogues used for transferring foresight results into research policy development do not fit any of these categories

They are initiated wide-ranging dialogues by political sponsors of foresight activities and similar strategy processes and involve stakeholders from politics, academia, industry and society.

2006) for the four types of dialogues in their discussion be applied to strategic dialogues? Welp et al.

2006) consider three theoretical frameworks to derive effective methods and techniques in a range of dialogue situations.

A careful choice of individuals to participate in the dialogue in the first place is beneficial A recurring example of the application of the RAP is the involvement of representatives of trade bodies in strategic dialogues.

However, the process also needs to take into account that trade body representatives have tied their hands in terms of changing their viewpoint during a dialogue

framing and structuring cannot be achieved in a single well-defined step it is an iterative process throughout the life of the dialogue To involve a wide range of stakeholders in a topic area that is initially rather fuzzy,

This clarity, together with clarity of terminology, is a prerequisite for expressing the dialogue in a Bayesian way Making Bayesian belief networks explicit as outlined by Welp et al.

stakeholder dialogues are considered as social learning processes Strategic dialogues lend themselves well to being described in terms of organizational learning.

The‘‘dialogue''aspect is in line with the definition of Bohm (1996) who draws a clear distinction between‘‘discussion''as an exchange of views aimed at winning an argument

and‘‘dialogue''as a creative process aimed at generating insight and, in some cases, consensus In the case of strategic dialogues,

It also has a long-term effect in that stakeholders who have been involved in the dialogue change their thinking

and their action in anticipation of potential research policy changes triggered by the dialogue (such as new funding programs) This can be a problem

and recommendations for other relevant stakeholders that could be brought into the dialogue at subsequent stages. An important element of this step is the establishment of trust.

If there is consensus to widen the dialogue and involve stakeholders from outside the BMBF the strategic dialogue enters a new phase.

and they show the application of this dialogue approach in a range of different situations. 5. 1 Strategic dialogue to transfer results from the BMBF Foresight process Strategic dialogues were conducted, for example, for focus areas from the latest BMBF Foresight process (German Federal Ministry

3). Key issues were crystallized in a dialogue process with the BMBF (step 4) combined with consolidated results from semi-structured interviews with 40 experts

and involve other relevant stakeholders in a wide-ranging dialogue to deal with societal challenges. From the perspective of research policy makers, strategic dialogues provide the missing link to transfer the results of foresight and similar strategy processes into research policy making.

These networks persist beyond the end of the actual dialogue and can facilitate the interplay of actors in research as well as research policy.

D. 1996), On Dialogue, Routledge, New york, NY. Cagnin, C. and Loveridge, D. 2011),‘A business framework for building anticipatory capacity to manage disruptive and transformative change and lead business networks towards sustainable development,

Welp, M.,de la Vega-Leinert, A.,Stoll-Kleemann, S. and Jaeger, C. C. 2006),‘Science-based stakeholder dialogues:

Creating spaces for dialogue between key players from different domains, with diverging views and experiences. Vision-building and consensus-building for considering

Shaping and defining dialogues on transformations and policy discussions on tackling these major changes, as well as research and innovation agendas to support these dialogues and policy discussions.

Innovation is both a source of, and possible key response to, disruptive transformations, if broadly conceived in technological, social, organisational and institutional terms.

,(g) developing forms of dialogue and communication between the two communities, and (h) fostering collaboration at the earliest possible stage,

and legitimate a chosen course of action through engagement and dialogue. The underlying claim is that innovation itself needs to be oriented along more sustainable pathways enabling transformations of socio-technical systems.

since the first edition of the International Seville Conference on Future-oriented technology analysis (FTA), there is still little dialogue

As such the paper aims to be a stimulus to further dialogue rather than providing an empirical stocktaking or a systematic and comprehensive review of literature.

Much can also be learnt from the experience that the field of foresight has developed in dialogue and communication in support of building trust amongst stakeholders.

In the longer term, the conditions must be created (through education, information sharing, cultural dialogue) for a more integrated community of FTA EXPERTS

and decision-making and by facilitating dialogues between various stakeholders 4. The value of the scenario exercise depends on the ways in

for example building a common platform for dialogue, a focus on consensus can take up too much resources 62,

Thus the scenario process can be seen as frame for dialogue, not to reach consensus but to recognize other parties'point of view.

Research Dialogue in Germany E. Göll, Futur the Research Dialogue in Germany, in: K. Borch, S m. Dingli, M. S. Jorgensen (Eds.

COOL Project S. Stalpers, C. Kroeze, Dialogues in the COOL Project, in: K. Borch, S m. Dingli, M. S. Jorgensen (Eds.

Chang. 39 (1991) 253 263.61 T. Fuller, P. De Smedt, From oracles to dialogue, in:

Impacts and Implications for Policy and Decision-making Seville 16 17,october 2008, 2008.62 K. Borch, F. Mérida, Dialogue in foresight:

Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 63 E. Göll, Futur-the research dialogue in Germany, in:

Participatory formats such as dialogues on ethical legal and social aspects (ELSA) became more important only later on.

In addition, the term also encompasses new participatory types of future-oriented nanotechnology-related studies and activities, such as dialogues on ethical, legal and social aspects cf. 31.

identified more than 25 examples of German dialogue processes concerned with the potential benefits and risks of nanotechnologies.

These unrelated processes cover dialogues at the federal and state levels as well as stakeholder dialogues and processes of public understanding of science and technology 50.

The Nanokommission itself organized a dialogue where representatives of environmental and consumer organizations a women's association and a medical practitioners'organization, trade unions, churches, academia, industry and government bodies (such as federal ministries and agencies as well as ministries on the regional and state level) discussed their positions 51.

and research to pool the distributed strategic knowledge gained from different activities such as technology intelligence, parliamentary technology assessment, technology monitoring and dialogue processes.

or dialogues organized by the German Nanokomission were involving increasingly other stakeholders such as non-governmental organizations and citizens.

However, it is to be noted that among the around 80 actors involved directly in the INFU futures dialogue

Innovation futures scripts nodes of change in innovation patterns emerging from the explorative dialogue on the 19 INFU visions (deliverable D 3. 1), www. innovation-futures. org

''Based on three case studies they suggest that FTA could help overcome some of the limitations of management approaches by setting up stakeholder dialogues

In this study, technology foresight was defined as‘‘dialogue activities and analyses of long-term developments in science, technology, economy and society with the aim of identifying technologies which may have economical and/or societal significance''29.

and dialogue processes with ministries, institutions and non-governmental organisations, for example. Every four years, such a process should result in a catalogue of important themes for strategic research.

This phase consisted of dialogue meetings between the expert panel and the Strategic research Council, the Council for Independent Research, Individual Ministries,

The Research2015 process included foresight methods such as horizon scanning, expert panels, user panels, dialogue meetings, conferences and workshops.

Final proposal Dialogue with stakeholder organisations, ministries and research councils Reduction to 21 themes for strategic research Strategic research council (14) Independent research council (18) Contacts in ministries (15

and serve as a source of inspiration for new dialogues within the foresight research community. 3 Results The insights from the local

stimulating interdepartmental dialogue gathering support for ideas and policies developing a common cognitive frame of reference (a common ground of understanding)( see also 5, 11) Finally,

This means that relevant stakeholders should be involved in some form of dialogue (methods vary) across different stages of the process to share their views regarding achievements and their meaning,

and selecting methods for structuring the dialogues. Table 1 Lessons learned. Activities conducted within IMS 2020 Guiding principles for global foresight Understanding interconnected innovation systems Responsiveness towards diverse languages and cultures Capacity to reconfigure international networks A glocal impact orientation

'IF is a basis for stimulating a future-oriented innovation dialogue that enables different types of users

In spite of the terminological differences, a common, explicit focus is put on dialogue, co-production, societal learning, joint agenda-building, etc.

The established dialogue was important to increase the perception of democracy among those involved. Moreover

The established dialogue helped State representatives understand the need of building proper feedback mechanisms to continually capture

In turn, the link between citizens'expectations and desires collected via dialogue (phase 3) and feedback mechanisms (phase 4) did not generate new strategies (phase 1). Once such link could not materialise it was not possible to develop scenarios based upon strategic diagnosis (phase 2),

FTA has a long tradition in creating spaces for dialogue and in engaging different actors to confront views,

through processes and tools that enable spaces for inclusive dialogue to take place 40,44 46. Embedding this form of dialogue in the proposed system would

thus improve the ways in which stakeholders are perceived. Also the ways that they are involved in decision processes.

It builds upon the creation of spaces for dialogue and communication channels which allow a shared understanding of individual actors'capabilities, needs and perceptions,

lessons from initiating policy dialogues on emerging issues, Science and Public policy (2012)( forthcoming. 49 T. Ko nno la, A. Salo, C. Cagnin, V. Carabias, E. Vilkkumaa, Facing the future:

policy recommendations based on a dialogue with senior citizens. Paper presented at the Second International Seville Seminar on Future-oriented technology analysis, held 28 29 september, Seville, Spain.

The final proposal Dialogue with involved parties from research and society Final research themes RESEARCH2015 catalogue Figure 3. Design of the Danish OECD DAST horizon scan Source:

This also helps to create the environment for an innovative dialogue to be established, perhaps one of the most imporrtan outcomes of any collective intelligence-based process.

and facilitate more effective public dialogue beyond the usual suspects by engaging new entrants, small business, wider stakeholders and civil society.

FTA PROCESSES have a long tradition of creating spaces for dialogue and for engaging different actors to confront views,

organisational or disciplinary in nature Deepen dialogue with society and improve governance, thus increasing trust between policy makers, business and the general public and consequently reducing the number of occasions

For example, FTA can enable spaces for dialogue and interactions between actors to emerge, which can lead to the establishmeen of new linkages (as well as the disruption of existing ones.

or diffused as usually, very few actors (usually termed experts) take part in the dialogue or creative process.

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